初中虚拟语气讲解及专项练习与答案带解析

虚拟语气讲解

语气(mood) 是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。

英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。

直陈语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。

祈使语气(imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。

虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。

一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用

学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。

如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。

Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。

虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。

1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。

如：If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。

（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。）

If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。

（事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。）

2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。

如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.

要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。

（事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。）

If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning.

今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。

（事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。表示感激。）

3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)；should＋动词原形；were to＋动词原形，主句用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。

如：If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.

明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。（事实是：我现在已经老了，明年我学不了法语了。）

If it should fail, I would try again.要是失败了，我会再试一次。（事实是：有可能失败，可我会再试。表示未知。）

虚拟语气专练

1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made.

A. have read

B. had read

C. should have read

D. are reading

2.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier you _____ him.

A. come ,would meet

B. had come, would have met

C. come, will meet

D. had come, would meet

3.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years.

A. should be

B. would be

C. have been

D. had been

4.It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately.

A. speak

B. spoke

C. will speak

D. to speak

5.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time.

A. was

B. were

C. has been

D. had been

6.If the doctor had come earlier the poor child would not _____.

A. have laid there for two hours

B. have been lied there for two hours

C. have lied there for two hours

D. have lain there for two hours

7.I wish that I _____ with you last night.

A. went

B. could go

C. have gone

D. could have gone