高中语法定语从句的详细讲解

定语从句详解与练习

（一）定义及相关术语

1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词有when, where, why.

注意：关系代词与关系副词在定语从句中充当不同的句子成分，定语从句中缺主、宾、表，用关系代词；缺状语用关系副词，何为句子成分？

五大基本句

1. 主+ 谓（Vi）I come.

2. 主+ 谓（Vt）+ 宾I love you.

3. 主+ 谓（Vt）+ 间宾+ 直宾I give him a book.

4. 主+ 谓（Vt）+ 宾+ 宾补I make him happy.

5. 主+ 系+ 表I am tall.

（二）关系代词引导的定语从句

1．which 指物，在定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语。

The house which is by the lake looks nice. （主）湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。

This is the pen（which）he bought yesterday. （宾）这是他昨天买的钢笔。

She was fond of dancing, which her brother never was. (表) 她喜欢跳舞,她弟弟从不喜欢。2．that 指人/ 物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。

The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.（人主）每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。

Where is the man（that）I saw this morning? （人宾）我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？

He is no longer a little boy that he used to be.（人表）他已经不再是以前那个小男孩儿了。The season that comes after spring is summer. （物主）春天以后的季节是夏季。

The person （that）you introduced to me is very kind.（物宾）你介绍给我的那个人很友好。

3. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。

The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (主) 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。

He is the man（who）I talked about to you.（宾）他就是我给你提到的那位男士。

He is no longer the man who he used to be. (表) 他不再是以前的那个他了。

4．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。

5．whose 指人/ 物，在定语从句中作定语，表所属，“……的”

I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. （人）我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。

I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. （物）我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。

特殊情况归纳总结

规则1：关系代词若在限制性定语从句中做宾语并且前面无介词时，关系代词可省略。

She is the woman (whom/ who/ that) I saw yesterday.

规则2：定语从句中的主谓一致

(1)关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致

I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you.

(2)one of + 复数名词+ 关系代词+ 复数动词

the only one of +复数名词+关系代词+单数动词，

Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam.

Tom is the only one of the boys who has passed the exam

(3)非限制性定语从句中，由关系代词as 或which代替整个主句时，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。

Great changes have taken place in China, as/ which is known to all.

规则3：定语从句中的关系代词只能用that 的情况

(1) 修饰词+ 先行词+ that

（the only, the very, any, few, the first, the best 等）

This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

(2) 先行词为不定代词+ that

(everything, something, nobody, none, all, few, any等)

All that can be done has been done.

Is there anything that you want to buy?

(3)Who/ Which(主句的主语)……+ that (避免重复)

Who is the man that is standing there?

Which is the book that you bought yesterday?

(4) 先行词（人+物）+ that

We talked about the books and writers that we knew.

(5)有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已经用了which,另一个则用that.

They have set up a company, which deals with the things that are related to environment protection.

(6)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时，只用that.

Hangzhou is no more the city that it used to be.

规则4：定语从句中关系代词只能用which 的情况

(1)在引导非限制性定语从句时

______, which/ who/ who…….

The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

(2) in / on/ from (介词) + which / whom

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

He is the boy from whom I borrowed the book.

(3) 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已经用that,另一个则用which

规则5:指人时，定语从句中关系代词只能用who 的情况

(1)当先行词是anyone, those 时

Is there anyone who can help me?

(2) 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已经用that,另一个则用who