语法填空公开课
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语法填空专题教案
一、教学目标:
1.让学生了解语法填空题考察内容;
2.让学生掌握语法填空题解题技巧;
3.让学生注意平常对词汇的积累,大量阅读课外材料,培养词感和语感,加强基本功;并注意生活常识的积累。
二、教学重点:
总结语法填空题的解题技巧
三、教学难点:
学生掌握语法填空题的解题技巧
四、教学过程
Step1:Lead-in(导入)
Step2:语法填空题考察内容和解题思路
1.考察内容:
a.语境(上下文);
b.语法:动词(时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式)、名词、代词、冠
词、介词、连词固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较
级最高级及构词法、倒装等。
2.解题思路:
a. 纯空格填空:一般考察介词,连词,代词,冠词,从句引导词,情态动词,强调助动词等
b.给出提示词填空:谓语动词和非谓语动词(前者要考虑时态和语态以及主谓一致;后者主要是to do,doing,done及变形)
c.词类转换题(名词,形容词,副词,形容词或副词的比较级或最高级,词义的否定)
Step3:案例分析讲解与练习
解题高招
1. 通读全文,把握大意。
2. 结合语境,试填空格。
具体来说,可按设题类型分为三类情况:
(1)纯空格试题的解题技巧。
技巧1:缺主语或宾语,一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。如:
[例1] when I told my parents my story, ____ didn’t think it was a mistake.技巧2:名词前面,若没有限定词(冠词,形容词性物主代词,名词所有格,基数词,序数词,不定代词),很可能是填限定词。如:
[例2]The young man went home with a happy heart. After the student left, the teacher let _______ student taste the water.
技巧3:句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下,名词或代词前面,一定是填介词。
[例3]My parents took good care ___ me.
技巧4:若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能是填连词。
[例4]…two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso ___34___ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.
技巧5:若结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。
[例5] He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he ______ bring home a regular salary.
技巧6:定语从句缺主语或宾语,一定是填适当的关系词,如:who, that, which, whom。
[例6]He would open the box, take out an imaginary kiss, and remember the love of this beautiful child _______ had put it there.
技巧7:由特殊的句式结构或固定搭配来判断空格应填的词。
[例7]_____ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG(味精).
(2) 给出提示词填空的解题技巧
首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。技巧8:若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之
是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态语态。[例8] That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _________(close) my book and walked away.
技巧9:若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用doing形式,done形式,还是to do 形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。
[例9] The headmaster went into the lab, ________(follow) by the foreign guests.
(3)词类转换题的解题技巧
技巧10:作表语、定语或补语,通常用形容词形式。如:
[例10] Teachers must try their best to make most of their students
________ (interest) in the subject
技巧11:作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语,用名词形式。如:
[例11] When China’s ancient scientific and technological ________ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.
技巧12:在形容词性物主代词后,或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后,用名词形式。[例12] …the remains date from this period because of their ______ (similar) to those found elsewhere. (2008年广州二模)
技巧13:修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子,作状语,用副词形式。如:[例13] As I looked ______ (close) at this girl, I fount that…
技巧14:括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换,词类不一定要变,主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词,需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系,在词根前加un—, im—等,在词根后加—less等。如:
[例14] People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is ________ (use). 3. 重读全文,解决难题。
在解题过程中要先易后难,难题在大部分空格填好后,再经过仔细推敲,难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后,把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。