(完整word)2018高考英语语法专题名词
2018年高考英语真题分类汇编 专题10 名词性从句 含答案
专题十名词性从句1.【2015·湖南】26.You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.A. whatB. thatC. whereD. who【答案】C【考点定位】考查宾语从句.【名师点睛】判断是什么句子最关键，这个句子是由know引导的宾语从句，宾语从句的连接词有连接代词和连接副词.因为从句部分缺少状语成分，答案就出来了.正确解答该题需要理解句意以及注意上下文（you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.）的表达.2.【2015·北京】33.I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.A. thatB. whereC. whatD. why【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心! 本题考查宾语从句.从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略.从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略.故选A.【考点定位】考查名词性从句.【名师点睛】名词性从句分多种，宾语从句在考试中也是很常见的，要注意宾语是句子的一个重要成分，它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当.当一个句子充当宾语时，这个句子就称之为宾语从句.一般情况下，宾语从句可作谓语的宾语，也可做主语的宾语.根据所选空在句中所作的成分来判断出是何种名词性从句.3.【2015·安徽】25.A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are builtfor.A. whatB. whomC. whyD. when【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的.isn’t后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与for连用，表示目的.故选A.【考点定位】考查名词性从句【名师点睛】本题考查表语从句.表语从句是名词性从句的一种，名词性从句还包括主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句.可以根据从句在句子中充当的成分来判断名词性从句的类型.isn’t后跟一个从句作表语，what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语；why和when作状语.介词for后缺少宾语，因此用what.4.【2015·浙江】6. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate isbelow the water surface. Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.A. whatB. whoC. thatD. whoever【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，请确定查看水面下有什么？通常总有一些石头或树枝藏在水里.此处的what指代的是树枝或石头，B选项和D选项用于指人，that 只有语法意义.句式上，该句用了(If 从句，祈使句)的句式，非谓语to investigate 后接一个宾语从句的表达.分析宾语从句的成分可以发现，空格所做的成分是主语.根据下一句的表述中的树枝和石头，可以得出答案是what.【考点定位】考查宾语从句的连接词【名师点睛】判断是什么句子最关键，这个句子是由investigate引导的宾语从句，因为从句部分is 前面缺少成分，答案就出来了.正确解答该题需要理解句意以及注意上下文（Oftenthere are rocks or branched hidden in the water.）的表达.5.【2015·重庆】8.We must find out ____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room forhim.A.whenB. howC. whereD. why【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：我们必须弄明白什么时候来，因此我们能给他预定房间.Find out 后面跟着宾语从句.根据句意选when.【考点定位】考查宾语从句.【名师点睛】宾语从句连接词的考查，宾语从句一共分为三类，一由that引导的宾语从句；二是由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,who,how引导的宾语从句，这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句充当某个成分.三由if或whether引导宾语从句.首先要根据句子结构来确实是哪一类，再根据具体的信息来确实用哪一个，是否符合当时的语境.6.【2015·四川】8.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.A. whereB. whyC. whatD. which【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查宾语从句.本句考查宾语从句的引导词.宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语，故选项C错误，选项D担当定语，也错误.根据意思：这个展览告诉了我们，我们为什么要停止空气污染而不是我们在哪儿停止空气污染，故选择B.【考点定位】考查宾语从句【名师点睛】本题考查宾语从句的引导词.通常情况下，宾语从句如果是由陈述句变来时用that引导；如果由一般疑问句变来则用whether/if；而由特殊疑问句变来则用特殊疑问词.通过四个选项，排除1、2两种情况.而特殊疑问词的选择则要求对句子的结构内容有着全盘的掌握.此句中，主语、宾语、定语并不缺少，故选项C、D是错误的，再根据句意，只有B最为恰当.7.【2015·陕西】19. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.A. whatB. thatC. whyD. how【答案】A【考点定位】考查宾语从句【名师点睛】宾语从句是名词性从句的一种，解答这类题目，关键在于分析清楚句子结构.确定这是什么从句，再通过判断从句中缺少的内容决定引导词在从句中所作的成分及意义，来选择正确的引导词.通常如果名词性从句缺少主语宾语和表语的时候用what连接.8.【2015·福建】29—I wonder _________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years. —By working out every day.A.whereB. howC. whyD. If【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查宾语从句.句中I是主语，wonder是谓语，how引导的宾语从句在整个句子中做宾语.连接副词How是宾语从句中的方式状语.句子是用表示方式的介词by回答的，所以是针对方式题提问的，故用how.根据句意---我好奇玛丽在这些年是怎么保持着身材的.--通过每天锻炼.故选C【考点定位】考查宾语从句【名师点睛】宾语从句算是高考中一个比较简单的考点，引导词主要的选择方法是看宾语从句的引导词在主句中做什么成分，不同的引导词表达的意思也不相同.通常宾语从句的前面会有一个及物动词，及物动词后面可以直接接上宾语，但是也要结合具体情况进行具体分析.9.【2015·江苏】25._____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.A. ThatB. WhyC. WhereD. How【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：李白是中国一位伟大的诗人，他的出生地是众所周知的，但有些人不愿接受这一事实.分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位语，is前面是主语从句.比较选项只有where符合句意，where在从句中做地点状语.故选C项.【考点定位】名词性从句【名师点睛】此题由于“a great Chinese poet”的插入，句子结构变得稍显复杂，因此要求考生能够排除结构干扰，看清考点还是考查名词性从句连接词的选择，然后根据“从句部分缺什么补什么的原则选则连接词”这一根本原则，同时结合句意，迅速锁定正确答案.10.【2015·北京】35. _____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.A. WhereB.HowC.WhyD. When【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系.根据句意可知，主语从句缺少方式状语，因此选择how.故选B.【考点定位】主语从句.【名师点睛】主语从句分多种，解题时要分析原题空中缺少的是何种状语.这类题考生首先要利用主句与从句之间的逻辑关系判别，尤其是连词在从句中的功能，由于引导主语从句的连词功能有所分别，较为容易抉择，但有的连词的形式一样，但具有不同意思，这就需要考生仔细甄别，充分利用与之相关内容或与其搭配相关词语的意思.。
2018年高考英语语法复习精讲七(名词性从句)
高考英语名词性从句精讲在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。
它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。
考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题语法要点剖析一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。
因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. whichever连接副词：when, where, how, why, because1. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由连接词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。
that只起连接作用，没有词义，不做从句的任何成分；whether/if起连接作用，有词义，但不做从句的成分。
连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。
例如：That he won the first place surprised us.Whether Tom will come is not unknown to me.What he wants to tell us is not clear.Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。
主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。
常用句型如下：①It is/was +形容词+that 从句It’s unlikely that…不可能It’s strange that…奇怪的是……②It is/was +名词+that 从句It’s a pity that…遗憾的是……It’s a fact that …事实是……③It +不及物动词+that 从句It seems that…似乎……It happened that…碰巧……④It is/was +过去分词+that 从句It’s not known that……不知It’s said that…据说……2. 宾语从句复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
2018年高考英语3500个词汇考纲版(word版)
英语考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录 1 至附录 5），要求词汇量为3500 左右.二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：（1)理解主旨要义；(2）获取具体的、事实性信息；(3）对所听内容做出推断；（4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2)理解文中具体信息；(3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理;（5）理解文章的基本结构;（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。
4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体;(4）使用有效的交际策略。
附录 1语音项目表1. 基本读音(1)26 个字母的读音(2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6)辅音字母组合的读音(7)辅音连缀的读音(8)成节音的读音2. 重音(1)单词重音(2)句子重音3。
读音的变化(1)连读(2)失去爆破(3)弱读(4)同化4。
语调与节奏(1)意群与停顿(2)语调(3)节奏5.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6.朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7.主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录 2语法项目表1。
名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格2. 代词(1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词(5)不定代词(6)疑问代词3。
数词(1)基数词(2)序数词4.介词和介词短语5.连词6.形容词(比较级和最高级)7.副词（比较级和最高级）8.冠词9.动词(1)动词的基本形式(2)系动词(3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)情态动词10. 时态(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)过去将来时(7)将来进行时(8)现在完成时(9)过去完成时(10)现在完成进行时11.被动语态12.非谓语动词(1)动词不定式(2)动词的—ing 形式(3)动词的-ed 形式13. 构词法(1)合成法(2)派生法(3)转化法(4)缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1)陈述句(2)疑问句(3)祈使句(4)感叹句15。
2018年高考英语专题一 语法知识 第12讲 含答案
第12讲名词与冠词1．—Can you tell us your ________ for happiness and a long life?—Living every day to the full，definitely.(2016·江苏，24)A．recipe B．recordC．range D．receipt答案 A解析句意为：——您能告诉我们您幸福与长寿的秘诀吗？——确切地说，就是充实地过好每一天。
根据答语可知，此处问的是幸福与长寿的秘诀。
recipe秘诀，诀窍，符合句意。
record 记录；range范围；receipt收据。
2．The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight ________ of rain later tonight.(2016·天津，10) A．effect B．senseC．change D．chance答案 D解析句意为：天气预报说多云，今天夜间下雨的可能性不大。
chance意为“可能性”，符合语境。
effect结果，效应；sense感觉，理解力；change变化，改变。
3．________ prize for the winner of the competition is ________ two-week holiday in Paris.(2016·浙江，2)A．The；/ B．A；/C．A；the D．The；a答案 D解析句意为：这次比赛给获胜者的奖励是在巴黎度假两周。
第一个空格表示对比赛获胜者的奖励，是特指，故用the。
第二个空格泛指一次为期两周的假期，用不定冠词a。
故选D项。
4．Some schools will have to make ________ in agreement with the national soccer reform.(2015·江苏，32)A．judgments B．adjustmentsC．comments D．achievements答案 B解析句意为：为了与国家足球改革相一致，一些学校将必须做出调整。
2018高考英语语法专题名词
专题一名词考点一名词的固定搭配①[2016·天津]The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published.这本词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这种语言已经增加了许多单词。
②[2015·江苏]Some schools will have to make adjustments in agreement with the national soccer reform.这些学校将不得不作出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一致。
1．动词have，keep，take，make，get，pay，play，give，put等加名词构成的短语have a good reputation有个好的名声have an idea of了解have a sense of有……意识have a feeling of有……感觉have access to可以获得have an advantage over胜过，优于keep a balance保持平衡take...into account考虑……take advantage of利用；趁……之机make fun of取笑，嘲弄make the best of充分利用；妥善处理get/lose contact with与……取得/失去联系get relief得到缓解give a solution给出解决方案put...into practice将……付诸行动2．介词后加名词构成的短语in great demand需求量很大in quantity大量，大批in progress在进行中in production在产量方面out of one's reach某人够不到out of touch失去联系out of sight看不见beyond recognition辨认不出来without permission未经允许考点二名词的单复数①[2015·江苏]—Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave.—I'd like to，but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my apology/apologies.——戴夫，去向你妈妈道歉。
(完整word版)高考英语语法知识清单
高考语法知识清单词法一、名词1. 名词的分类2. 名词的数3. 名词的格4. 名词的修饰语5. 名词的功能不定冠词定冠词零冠词有无冠词的区别三、代词1. 人称代词2.物主代词 3.反身代词 4. 指示代词5. 不定代词6.相互代词疑问代词连接代词和关系代词1. 形容词的构成 形容词的功能 形容词的位置形容词的比较级和最高级1. 副词的构成 副词的功能 副词的位置副词的比较级和最高级 六、介词和介词短语介词的分类介词短语及其功能 3. 常见介词的用法 常见易混介词辨析 介词的固定搭配 七、数词1. 基数词2. 序数词3. 数词的句法功能4. 分数、小数、百分数 八、连词和感叹词 并列连词从属连词 感叹词九、动词和动词短语1. 动词的分类2. 情态动词的用法 1) 一般现在时 2) 一般过去时 3) 一般将来时 4) 现在进行时 5) 过去进行时 6) 将来进行时 7) 现在完成时 8) 过去完成时 9) 将来完成时10) 现在完成进行时 11) 过去完成进行时 12) 时态的呼应 2. 语态1) 被动语态的构成 2) 被动语态的用法 3) 主动和被动的转换2. 虚拟语气在条件句中3. 虚拟语气在主从、宾从、表从、同位语从、定从和状从中的应用 4. 其他用法 动词不定式 2. 动名词 3. 分词 4. 独立主格句法一、句子成分和句子种类1.句子成分2.句子种类2.主谓一致的几种情况2.主语从句3.宾语从句4.表语从句5.同位语从句6.直接引语和间接引语2.定语从句的分类3.关系代词4.关系副词5.介词+关系代词6.注意事项7.定语从句和同位语从句的区别8.定语从句和短语的转化2.地点状语从句3.条件状语从句4.目的状语从句5.原因状语从句6.结果状语从句7.让步状语从句8.比较状语从句9.方式状语从句10.状语从句的省略六、特殊句式1.there be结构倒装强调省略5.插入语七、情景交际1.社会交往2.态度3.情感。
最新-2018届高考英语语法知识网络 专题10名词性从句
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.
那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
同
位
语
从
句
由连词that引导，不担任成分，也可有when, how, where等引导。
The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world.他曾在月球上登陆这个消息传遍世界。
连接代词
who
what
which
That’s just what I want.这正是我想要的。
The question is who(which of you) will be the next speaker.
问题是谁（你们哪一位）接着发言。
连接副词
when
where
why
how
This is where our problem lies.
他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，常用的名词如：fact, news, idea, hope, thought,question, order, fear, doubt, word, proof，belief, story等。
特别注意what的双重功能：
What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality．
我们必须认清无论谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。
注2
think,believe,imagine,suppose等动词引出的宾语从句，要将从句中的否定形式，移到主句中。
We don’t think you are right.我们认为你不对。
2018高考英语语法填空名词提示的解题技巧和跟踪训练题(含解析)
2018高考英语语法填空：名词提示的解题技巧和跟踪训练题（含解析）高考英语语法填空【括号内提供的是名词】①括号内提供的如果是名词，尤其是单数名词，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填冠词(a，an，the)、物主代词(my，your，his等)、指示代词(this，that等)、不定代词(few，little，many，much，all，each，every，both，neither，other 等)、名词所有格或形容词等对名词进行修饰。
②相反，如果给出的名词是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或形容词之后，则应考虑填名词。
但不要忘记，要考虑名词是否变复数，是否用所有格形式等。
如：One of my fa ther’s favorite ________(say)as I was growing up was“Try it！”答案sayings这道题主要考查考生在特定语境中正确使用名词复数的能力。
考查考生是否知道“one of＋名词的复数形式”在句子中作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
本句中as引导时间状语从句，表达的功能是“时空”概念。
该从句没有直接放在主句之后，而是进行了插入，放在了主句的主语之后，进行强调。
完整的主句是：One of my father’s favorite ________(say)was “Try it”．从该句的主系表结构中可以看出，one of my father’s favorite ________(say)在句子中作主语。
say要做两次转换：首先要转换成为名词；再将名词转为相应的复数形式。
say的名词是saying，其复数形式是sayings。
考生如果写对了saying只是做到了词形正确，同时还要保持单词的正确。
所以正确答案是sayings。
③当括号内提供的是名词时，还可能考查形容词。
如：There，my voice soun ds really ________(wonder) because there’s a slight echo to it.答案wonderful 括号内提供的是名词，但此空作系动词sounds的表语，所以要使用形容词形式。
2018年高考英语专题一 语法知识 第10讲 Word版含答案
第10讲代词1．In many ways，the education system in the US is not very different from ________ in the UK.(2016·浙江，3)A．that B．thisC．one D．it答案 A解析句意为：在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的并没有很大的不同。
代词that 指代前文中出现的the education system。
this这个；one泛指上文提到过的同类事物中的一个；it指代上文提到过的同一事物。
根据语境可知应选A项。
2．To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against ________.(2015·陕西，13) A．another B．the otherC．other D．either答案 B解析句意为：为了让自己暖和起来，这个水手坐在火堆旁，光着脚，用一只脚搓另一只脚。
表示“(两者中的)一个……另一个……”用one...the other...。
3．The meeting will be held in September，but ________ knows the date for sure.(2015·重庆，2) A．everybody B．nobodyC．anybody D．somebody答案 B解析句意为：会议将在九月召开，但是没人知道具体日期。
句中的but表转折，根据句意可知应选nobody。
4．The research group produced two reports based on the survey，but ________ contained any useful suggestions.(2015·福建，21)A．all B．noneC．either D．neither答案 D解析句意为：这个研究组发布了以这个调查为基础的两个报道，但是二者没有一个包含有用的建议。
2018年高考英语考前三个月文档专题一 语法知识 第9讲 Word版含答案
第9讲特殊句式与主谓一致1．Thepublicationof GreatExpectations，which________bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised，stren gthenedDickens’statusasaleadingnovelist.(2017·江苏，24)A．isB．areC．wasD．were答案C解析考查时态和主谓一致。
句意为：《远大前程》这部小说的出版发行受到了广泛评论和高度赞扬，这巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。
空格处与后面的reviewed和praised一起构成定语从句的谓语，根据主句谓语strengthened判断这里用一般过去时；定语从句的关系词which指代主句的“thepublicationof GreatExpectations”，主语核心词是publication，故be动词用was。
因此选C。
2．Nowadays，cycling，alongwithjoggingandswimming，________asoneofthebestall-roundformsof exercise.(2017·天津，6)A．regardB．isregardedC．areregardedD．regards答案B解析考查主谓一致和语态。
句意为：如今，骑行与慢跑、游泳一起被认为是最全面的运动方式之一。
当主语后面接由alongwith引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语(cycling)保持一致，排除A、C 两项；cycling与regard之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除D项。
故选B项。
3．ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartment________Ifirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.(2017·天津，11) A．whoB．whereC．whichD．that答案D解析考查强调句型的判定。
(精校版)2018高考英语语法填空真题及答案
instead of rice 64_________(improve) water quality。 Corn uses less
water _65_____ rice and creates less fertilizer （ 化 肥 ） runoff. This
switch has decreased 66________ (pollute)in the country's major lakes
million tons. That prevented the emission（排放） of 51。8 million tons
of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while
70 _____ （ feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture
65
result， people will eat more food to try to make up for that something
missing. Even
66
（bad), the amount of fast food that people
eat goes up. Fast food 67 （be) full of fat and salt； by 68
trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower
myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes
2018年高考英语语法知识最全概括
高考英语语法易考知识点最全概括第一讲座：名词---基础篇一、名词的复数：1. 名词变复数的规则形式：1). 一般情况下直接加s：book------books cup-----cups2). 以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加es：city-------cities family-----families3). 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es：bus-----buses wish------wishes watch------watches4). 以o结尾的多数加S 初中阶段只有三个单词加es：tomato-----tomatoes potato------potatoes hero-----heroes Negroes5). 以f、fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变v 再加es：leaf----leaves self---selves shelf----shelves life----lives thief---thieves2. 少数名词的复数形式是不规则的：man----men woman---women child----children foot-----feet tooth----teeth mouse---mice3. 单数和复数形式相同：deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese4. 某国人的复数：1). 中、日不变：Chinese----Chinese Japanese---Japanese2). 英、法变：Englishman----Englishmen Frenchman----Frenchmen3).其余s加后面：American-----Americans German----Germans Australian---Australians二、不可数名词：1. 不可数名词：1). 不能直接用数字表数量；2). 不能直接加a或an；3). 没有复数形式；4). 可用some、any、lots of、plenty of、much 修饰；5). 可用“量词短语”表示；2. 不可数名词的数量的表示方法：a / 数字+ 量词+ of + 不可数名词：a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk三、名词的所有格：1. ’s 所有格：1). 用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加“’s.”：This is ____________________(Mary and Lily) bedroom.2). 用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时，这时分别在每个名词后加“’s.”：These are ________________(Tom and Jack ) school bags.3). 以s结尾的名词，变所有格时在s后加“’”, 不以s 结尾的复数名词，仍加“’s”：Teachers’ Day Children’s Day4). 表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加’s 代表全称：at the doctor’s at the Bob’s5). 由some、any、no、every与one、body 结合的复合不定代词something、anything 等和else 连用时，所有格应加在else的后面：This is _________________(somebody else ) pencil.6). 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可在词尾加’s 来构成所有格：an hour’s ride two weeks’ time China’s capital2. of 所有格：1). of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格：the map of China the door of the room2). 双重所有格：of + 名词所有格of + 名词性的物住代词He is a friend of my _________(brother ).Is she a daughter of __________(you)?四、名词作句子成分：1. 名词作主语：1). 表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数：Two hours ________(be) enough for us to get there.2). 量词短语“数字+量词+ of +…”作主语时，谓语动词应与量词保持一致：A pair of shoes _______(be) under the bed.Two pieces of paper _______(be) on the desk.3). 名词+介词（with、but、except、along with、as well as …….）+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致：The teacher with the students _________(be) planting trees on the hill.4). 短语“neither…nor…、either…or…、not only…but also …”连接主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则：Neither he nor I ______ (be) a Frenchman.2. 名词作定语：1). 名词作定语时，一般用单数形式：There is a shoe factory near the school.2). 名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式：(sport )The sports meeting will be held next week.3). man、woman 作定语表示性别时，man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变：one man teacher two women teachers第二讲座：名词---提高篇一、名词的单复数：1. 可数名词的复数不规则变化：(1) 单复数同形：deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species, works, headquarters(2) 形单意复：people, police, youth, cattle, staff(3) 形复意单：news, physics, politics, maths(4)合成词变复数：passerby→passersby, soninlaw→sonsin-law, lookeron→lookerson, gobetween→go-betweens, grownup→grownups(5) 词形变化：man→men, child→children，tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice，medium→media2. 不可数名词的数：(1) 有些抽象名词在具体化时，以复数形式出现；表示特指时，可以和定冠词连用；表示“某种”或“一次”的意义时，可以和不定冠词连用：in surprise“惊讶地”，a surprise“一件令人惊讶的事”；win success“获得成功”，a success“一个/件成功的人/事”；by experience“靠经验”，an experience“一次经历”；with pleasure“乐意”，a p leasure“一件乐事”。
全国卷高考英语名词冠词复习
外来名词
medium→media (媒体) phenomenon→phenomena (现象) analysis→analyses (分析)
[特别注意] fish 表示“鱼肉”时，为不可数名词，表示 “条数”时，其复数形式与单数形式相同，但表示不同种类 的鱼时，其复数形式为 fishes。
m__i_st_a_k_e_→__m__is_t_a_k_e_s 解析：and 连接两个平行成分，前面的 textbooks 为复数，故 可数名词 mistake“错误”应改为 mistakes。
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turn left！” _w__o_r_d_→__w_o_r_d_s_ 解析：根据后面引号内的内容可知教练一直重复说的话有多 句，故此处应用 word 的复数形式。
全国卷高考英语名词冠词复习
Contents
一
名词
二
冠词
一 名词
考什 么 学什么
命题点一 可数名词的复数形式
[全析考法]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made
a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _c_a_u_s_e_s__ (cause)． 解析：此处的 cause 是可数名词，表示“原因”。根据其 前的 all 可知，应该使用复数形式，故填 causes。
(完整版)英语语法名词练习题(可编辑修改word版)
（一）可数名词和不可数名词1．什么是不可数名词？英语语法---名词 4. 复合名词的复数1)将后一部分变成复数Englishman---Englishmen gentleman---gentlemenpolicewoman----policewomen grown-up --- g rown-ups2)将主要成分变成复数looker-on----lookers-on son-in-law ---- s ons-in-law1）物质名词glass, tea 2）抽象名词beauty, youth 3) 科学名称physics, maths 3) 如果前一词是man, woman，将两部分都变成复数men doctors women singers 练习：找出不可数名词练习：roof woman driver step-motherboot tear knowledge money wood chicken music sheep Japanese sister-in-lawhomework bread blood dress news milk dustman 2．不可数名词变成可数名词1）词义发生改变time—times work---works wood—woodssand—sands cloth—clothes glass—glasses2) 加量词 a glass of water , two pieces of paper练习；填入恰当的量词a of good news (条) a of trousers (条)a of advice ( 条) a of coffee ( 杯)a of oil (滴) a of time (段)a of matches (盒) a of glasses (副)a of chocolate (条) a of ink (瓶)a of tea (壶) two of fish ( 盘)three of rice (袋) four of furniture (件)five of sugar (磅) six of clothes (套)3．可数名词的复数构成练习：写出下列名词的复数形式。
(完整版)英语语法名词题库及参考答案
（一）名词1．To the sea captain’s surprise，he found that travel could also be quite pieasant．A．earth B．1and C．ground D．plain2．Some famous singers live on the from their record sales．A．salary B．value C．bill D．income3．Many countries are increasing their use of nature gas，wind and other forms of ．A．energy B．source C．power D．material4．You can take as many as you like because they are free of ．A．fare B．charge C．money D．pay5．George always wants things done quickly．He’s got to .A．idea B．means C．patience D．decision6．Do you know the of the saying I just quoted?A．source B．resource C．course D．cause7．—Why did you refuse to move in the house?—Because it was really in a poor and dirty ．A．form B．kind C．shape D．state8．His name was on the of my tongue，but I just couldn’t remember it．A．end B．edge C．tip D．side9．You shouldn’t let children play with．It’s dangerous!A．football B．watches C．matches D．chess10．We’ll have PE this afternoon but I forgot to bring my .A．sports clothes B．sport clothes C．clothes of sports D．sport’s clothes 11．Dark clouds are a of rain while a smile is a of friendshipA．gesture；sign B.mark；sign C.sign；gesture D.sign；mark 12．—Is the house very expensive，Dick?—I don’t think it’s worth the they are asking．A．price B．cost C．value D．money 13．These days I hire two in my house．A．man servants B．men servant C．man servant D．men servants 14．The editor to1d the newsman to write report．A．a two-thousand-words B．a two-thousands-wordsC．a two thousand Word D．a two-thousand-word15．The brook lies within of the train station．A．ten-minute-ride B．ten minutes rideC．ten minute’s ride D．ten minutes’ride16．Though I spoke to him many times，he never took any of what I said．A．remark B．observation C．attention D．notice17．came that his should be kept secret．A．A word；words B．The word；word C．Word：words D．Words；Word 18．We’ve missed the last bus．I’m aftaid we have no but to take a taxi．A．way B．choice C．possibility D．selection 19．—How was your recent Visit to Qingdao?—It was great．We visited some friends，and spent the days at the seaside．A．few 1ast sunny B．1ast few sunny C．few sunny list D．1ast sunny few 20．We climbed higher up the mountain so that We could get a better ．A．view B．idea C．point D．opinion21．We have worked out a plan．But I’m not sure whether it will do in ．A．fact B．practice C．deed D．time22．—I’ve got an“A”in the examination．——T11at’s a good .You’ll surely win a sec-ond．A．result B．start C．news D．idea23．The makes me feel sick．A．sign B．sight C．scene D．look24．— What a pleasant these trees give us!——Why not stop here and have a rest in it?A．shade B．shadow C．peace D．scene25．They can never make good nurses，not having the necessary .A．practice B．education C．exercise D．training26．Mr Tong couldn’t keep pace with the others as theymarched along．He often stood out of ．A．order B．sight C．mind D．line27．I’m afraid that there is no for you in my car,because there are already five people．A．place B．room C．need D．position28．it is to go swimming on sueh a hot day!A．What fun B．How fun C．What a fun D．How a fun 29．—Heavy trucks which run day and night are doing damage to our houses and shops of historicalA．scene B．period C．interest D．sense30．The dress is nic e but she doesn’t like the on the material．A．sharp B．size C．model D．pattern31．It is foolish to go to the of taking music lessons if you never practice．A．expense B．sense C．pay D．money32．For twenty years Gandhi p1ayed an important in working for equal rights fbr Indians．A．action B．ro1e C．figure D．position33．Last night the president made a speech on TV to the .A.countryB.stateC.1andD.nation34．The old house belongs to ．A．Jac k’s and his brother B．Jack’s and his brother’sC．Jack and his brot her’s D．Jack and his brother35．will make a trip to China during the summer holidays．A．The Evens B．The Even’s C．The Evenses D．The Evenses' 36．I’d lik e you to meet David’a cowboy．A．dark，handsome and tall B．tall，handsome and darkC．dark，tall and handsome D．tall，dark and handsome37.The young student is as a writer．It’s to all his teachers．A．success；surprise B．a success；sorpriseC．success；a surprise D．a success；a surprise38.My mother’s is getting grey，but my father has only a few grey ．A．hairs；hair B．hair：hair C．hair；hairs D．hair：hairs39. unicle is going to pick them up at the airport this afternoon．A．Jac k’s and Joan’s B．Jack’s and JoanC．Jack and Joan’s D．Jack and Joan40.Many old houses are being pulled down to make for the apartment buildings．A．room B．ground C．space D．area41.Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are say ing hould make any ．A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value(一)名词1-5 BDABC 6-10 ADCCA 11-15 CADDD 16-20 DCBBA 21-25 BABAD 26-30 DBAC 31-35 ABDDC 36-40 DDCCA 41 B1. The manager has got a good business________so the company is doing well.A.ideaB.senseC.thoughtD.thinking2. The collapse of the World Trade Centre has put US economy in a difficult________.A.occasionB.caseC.situationD.background3. More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great ________ of goods.A.varietyB.mixtureC.extensionbination4.It won’t make much ________ whether you agree or not.A.difficultyB.troubleC.differenceD.matter5.If by chance someone comes to see me, ask him to leave a ________.A.messageB.letterC.sentenceD.notice6.No one has yet succeeded in explaining the ________ of how life began.A.causeB.problemC.reasonD.puzzle 金太阳新课标资源网7.You must get there within an hour.There should be no ________ in sending this information to him.A.questionB.problemC.quarrelD.delay8.I can’t give you the card without Smith’s ________.A.agreementB.allowingC.permissionD.perfomance9.What impressed me most was that they never lost ________.A.heartsB.heartC.their heartD.their hearts10.—Where is the new dictionary?—It’s on the top shelf,out of ________.A.reachB.sightC.touchD.order11.Though I spoke to him many times, he never took any ________ of what I said.A.remarkB.observationC.attentionD.notice12.—Where’s your sister?—At ________. 金太阳新课标资源网A.the Smith’sB.doctor’sC.Mr.Green’sD.house of Mr.Green13.Have a ________ of these apples.They are sweet and delicious.A.lookB.tasteC.smellD.appear14.Each man explained the pains that he had felt and they agreed that they had grown worse on their ________A.roadB.streetC.wayD.direction15.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of ________.A.energyB.sourceC.powerD.material16.I went to buy a ________ of China Daily.A.pieceB.sheetC.lotD.copy17.Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first ________.A.intentionB.purposeC.attemptD.desire18.This is not a match.We’re playing chess just for ________.A.habitB.hobbyC.funD.game 金太阳新课标资源网19.There are usually at least two ________ of looking at every question.A.meansB.directionsC.viewsD.ways20.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into ________.A.factB.realityC.practiceD.deed21.She is young for the job, but on the other ________,she is well trained.A.wayB.situationC.chanceD.hand22.We’ve missed the last bus.I’m afraid we have no ________ but to take a taxi.A.selectionB.choiceC.possibilityD.way23.The football players had no strict ________ until they joined our club.A.practicecationC.exerciseD.training24.I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible.Just have a little ________.A.waitB.timeC.patienceD.rest25.The most important________ of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the people.A.pointB.senseC.spotD.view 金太阳新课标资源网26.—I’d like ________ information about the management of your hotel, please.—Well, you could have ________ word with the manager.He might be helpful.A.some;aB.an;someC.some;someD.an;a27.He told me he had been offered a very well-paid ________.A.businessB.serviceC.workD.position28.Each player must obey ________, who is the leader of the team.A.captainB.a captainC.the captainD.captains29.It was ________ that he had to ask for help.A.such big a workB.a so big jobC.a so big workD.such a big job30.He dropped the ________ and broke it.A.cup of coffeeB.coffee’s cupC.cup for coffeeD.coffee cup31.He gained his ________by printing ________ of famous writers.A.wealth;workB.wealths;worksC.wealths;workD.wealth;works32.The policeman is offering a ________ to anyone who can give information about the lost children.A.prizeB.rewardC.priceD.money33.What ________! Where did you get them?A.big fishB.a big fishC.a piece of big fishD.big a fish34.Here’s my card.Let’s keep in ________.A.touchB.relationC.connectionD.friendship35.He left ________ with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon.He said he would keep ________.A.words;his wordsB.word;his wordC.word;wordD.the word;his words36.You’ll find this map of great ________ in help ing you to get round London.A.priceB.costC.valueefulness 金太阳新课标资源网37.Father went to his doctor for ________ about his ________ trouble.A.advice;heartB.advices;heartsC.advices;heartD.advice;hearts38.We held a party in ________ of our Australian teacher, Meggi.A.prizeB.honorC.praiseD.pride39.—How can I use this washing machine?—Well, just refer to the ________.A.directionsB.explanationsC.expressionsD.introductions40.When I give up work I shall take a long sea ________.A. tripB. voyageC. travelD. journey41.The new law will come into ________ on the day it is passed.A.effecteC.serviceD.existence42.Although I like the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful ________ through the window.A.sceneB.lookC.viewD.picture43.Everybody thinks little of the film.In fact, there is no ________ of it being tried out in the film festival. 金太阳新课标资源网A.possibilityB.signeD.doubt44.—Tom,will you boys play soldiers outside?There’s not enough ________ for you boys here.—But we can play in the next ________,can’t we?A.places;placeB.room;roomC.rooms;spaceD.house;rooms45.The doctor didn’t tell me h ow many ________ I should pay for having my tooth pulled out.A.moneyB.dollarsC.priceD.cost46.—Is this bridge made of ________?—Yes, it is made of 2300 huge ________.A.stone;stoneB.stones;stonesC.stone;stonesD.stones;stone47.He stays at home every day without a job, but he gets good ________.A.salaryB.wageC.payD.income48.—Mum, I’m going to visit my aunt.What about a week?—A week is too long.Try to be back in a ________ of days.A.numberB.dozenC.fewD.couple49.As a writer,he succeeded in calling________to many of the terrible wrongs that existed at that time.A.attentionB.interestC.noticeD.strength50.If you don’t take away all your things from the desk,there won’t be enough ________ fo r my dictionary. 金太阳新课标资源网A.areaB.placeC.spaceD.surface51.Mrs.Green tried hard to find a job but she had no ________.A.luckB.timeC.hopeD.chance52.His daughter is always shy in ________ and she never dares to make a speech to ________.A.the public;the publicB.public;the publicC.the public;publicD.public;public53.I should like to try that coat on，for I don’t know if it is my ________.A.shapeB.modelC.designD.size54.The need for an operation，especially an immediate operation，almost always comes as a ________ to the patient and his family.A.surpriseB.happinessC.disappointmentD.shock55.Fast-food restaurants are ________ to us all.A.of many helpsB.a great helpC.great helpsD.much help56.It is true that parents often find it difficult to win their children’s ________.A.honourB.trustC.respectD.money57.These young people are now making an active ________ to beautify (美化) our city.A.partB.effortC.decisionD.plan58.This plan has its weak point,that is to say,it has its ________,but on the whole we are satisfied with it.A.questionB.shortcomingC.conditionD.progress59.—What you like may not be what I like.—Yes，one man’s meal is another man’s ________.A.poisonB.medicineC.mealD.food60.He said that two ________ would come to our school the next day.A.woman scientistB.women scientistC.woman scientistsD.women scientists【答案】1~5 BCACA6~10 ADCBA 金太阳新课标资源网11~15 DCBCA 16~20 DCCDC21~25 DBDCA 26~30 ADCDD31~35 DBAAB 36~40 CABAC41~45 ACABB 46~50 CDDAC51~55 ABDDB 56~60 CBBAD【部分解析】1.a good business sense 是“(有)经济头脑”的意思。
高考英语专题语法训练——名词
♦名词、形容词和副词在语法填空中的考查在语法填空中，对于名词的考查主要涉及可数名词的复数、名词的所有格以及词形变换；形容词和副词相关的词形变换以及形容词和副词的比较等级考查较为频繁。
【应对策略】1.首先要弄清名词的数与格，即名词是否该用复数，是否要用所有格；其次，注意有关名词 的构词法，即有关名词的词形变换。
2.作表语(系动词之后卜定语(修饰名词)或宾语补足语(表性质状态)时，通常用形容词形式。
注意常考动词分词的形容词化，其形容词的形式有：-ing 结尾白^和-ed 结尾的两种。
3.若括号中所给的是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较等级或最高级；注意 than 或比较级的 修饰词等标志性词或上下文中暗含的比较；其次还要注意一些特殊句式， 如：the +比较级…,the+比较级…，"否定词(can' t/couldn' t)+比较级”表示最高级等。
♦名词、形容词和副词在短文改错中的考查短文改错中对于名词的考查最可能考查名词的数与格；其次名词的考查还会涉及词形变 换方面的错误。
对于形容词和副词的考查主要涉及词性混乱或错用 (含-ed 形容词与-ing 形容词之间的误用卜修饰词错用或多余以及比较等级的误用等方面。
【应对策略】1.遇到名词首先注意区分它是可数名词还是不可数名词；其次还可以根据名词前的修饰语或 谓语动词的单复数来判断。
此外，还要注意名词的所有格以及名词的句法功能，判断是否存 在词性转换方面的错误。
2 .对于形容词和副词的考查，注意以下几点： (1)作定语、表语、补语，用形容词；(2)作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词、全句，用副词；(3)注意比较级与最高级的比较对象或范围；单音节形容词的比较级前，不可再加 more;(4)注意 many, much, (a) few , (a) little; very, so, (n)ever, hardly 等修饰词的用法。
语法专题第二部分词法篇一名词、形容词和副词专题1名词专题2形容词和副词专题1名词・重温图考吠-经岁1问察考向------------------------------------------------------------------- 1v ------------考向1名词的数与格1.单句语法填空I.This trend , which was started by the medical community（医学界）as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects（effect） such as overweight and heart disease - the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. （2017 全国I ）解析side effect副作用，由前面的some和下文中的两个例子overweight and heart disease可知名词effect用复数形式effects o2.In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds（crowd） on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.（2017 全国n ）- 解析crowd是可数名词，且前面没有限定词，故应用复数形式。
2018年高考英语 热点题型和提分秘籍 专题01 名词和冠词(含解析)
专题01 名词和冠词近几年高考单项填空中单独考查名词的题目相对较少，多与冠词一起进行考查，但完形填空中对名词的考查一直是重点，且考查范围较广。
其命题趋势仍将是：在不同语言环境中去识别词义，进行词义辨析，是高考考查的重点。
因此，考生不仅要弄清词义，而且也要把握好语言环境，在单项填空、完形填空中这类试题会继续出现。
建议考生在复习中注意名词的词义辨析。
冠词是历年高考英语试题中的常考点。
主要考查在理解冠词基本含义的基础上，在具体语境下的冠词的运用，主要包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。
热点题型一名词的数例1、Games, often seen as________activity for children, are still important in________development of teenagers.A. the; theB. an; theC. an; 不填D. the; 不填【答案】B【提分秘籍】名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。
1．可数名词的复数(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加s；词尾若是s，x，ch，sh，在词尾加esdesk→desks；dish→dishes stomach的复数形式是stomachs(2)以”辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，要变y为i再加esstudy→studies(3)以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为vesleaf→leaves(4)以字母o结尾的名词，多数加spiano→pianos(5)单、复数同形sheep；deer(6)单、复数都要加s的名词works(工厂)；means(方法)有一些例外情况：(1)巧记以o结尾加es的名词：黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。
(即Negro，hero，tomato 和potato四个词)(2)巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加s：海湾(gulf)里的首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱(safe)里的证据(proof)。
高中英语语法专题名词与常见动词
高中英语语法专题名词与常见动词高中英语是词汇和语法的天下，掌握好要求的词汇基本上就掌握好英语的命脉。
到底如何学习好英语?小编在这里整理了相关资料，快来学习学习吧!高中英语语法专题名词1.可数名词单、复数变化形式(1)规则变化。
①单数名词词尾直接加-s。
如：boy — boyspen — pens②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。
如：glass — glassesbox— boxeswatch — watchesbrush — brushes特例：stomach — stomachs③以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。
如：baby — babieslady — ladiesfly — flies④以“o”结尾的多数加-es。
如：tomato — tomatoespotato — potatoeshero — heroes但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。
如：radio — radioszoo — zoosphoto — photospiano — pianoskilo — kilostobacco — tobaccos⑤以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-es。
如：wife — wiveslife — lives,knife — knives,wolf— wolves,self — selves,leaf — leaves等。
特例：handkerchief— handkerchiefsroof — roofschief — chiefsgulf — gulfsbelief — beliefscliff — cliffs⑥改变元音字母的。
如：man — menmouse — micefoot — feetwoman — womentooth — teethgoose — geeseox — oxen特例：child — children⑦复合名词的复数形式。
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语法部分第二部分语法专题讲析专题一名词考点一名词的固定搭配①[2016·天津]The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published.这本词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这种语言已经增加了许多单词。
②[2015·江苏]Some schools will have to make adjustments in agreement with the national soccer reform.这些学校将不得不作出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一致。
1．动词have，keep，take，make，get，pay，play，give，put等加名词构成的短语have a good reputation有个好的名声have an idea of了解have a sense of有……意识have a feeling of有……感觉have access to可以获得have an advantage over胜过，优于keep a balance保持平衡take...into account考虑……take advantage of利用；趁……之机make fun of取笑，嘲弄make the best of充分利用；妥善处理get/lose contact with与……取得/失去联系get relief得到缓解give a solution给出解决方案put...into practice将……付诸行动2．介词后加名词构成的短语in great demand需求量很大in quantity大量，大批in progress在进行中in production在产量方面out of one's reach某人够不到out of touch失去联系out of sight看不见beyond recognition辨认不出来without permission未经允许考点二名词的单复数①[2015·江苏]—Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave.—I'd like to，but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my apology/apologies.——戴夫，去向你妈妈道歉。
——我想去，但是我怕她对我的道歉并不会感到满意。
②Leaves turn green in spring.春天树叶变绿了。
1．单数名词变为复数名词的基本规则一般情况加－s，以s，x，sh，ch等结尾，加－es，例如：buses，boxes，dishes，watches等(stomachs例外)。
(1)以辅音字母加－y结尾的名词，将－y变为－i再加－es，例如：families，butterflies，dictionaries，stories等。
(2)以－o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加－s，但中学英语中下列名词要加－es，它们是：黑人英雄．．．，即Negroes，heroes，echoes，．．、西红柿．．．．在回声．．中吃土豆potatoes，tomatoes。
但下列以－o结尾的名词既可以加－es，也可以加－s，它们是：zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子，volcanos(volcanoes)火山。
(3)以－f或－fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加－s，例如：roofs和believes等。
但下列以－f或－fe结尾的名词需要把f或fe去掉，加－ves，它们是：为了自己．．站在架子．．上，把狼．劈成．．和树叶．．活命．，小偷．．和他的妻子．．手里拿着刀子两半．，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。
但下列以－f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加－ves，也可以直接加－s，它们是：handkerchiefs(handkerchieves)手帕，scarfs (scarves)围巾。
(4)合成名词变成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。
如：sons－in－law女婿；passers－by 过路人；story－tellers讲故事的人；breakfasts早餐；housewives家庭主妇。
2．常见单复数同形的名词Chinese中国人；Japanese日本人；sheep绵羊；deer鹿；series系列；means 方式；works工厂；fish鱼；fruit水果；crossroads十字路口；horsepower马力；jin斤等。
其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits。
2018高考一轮总复习教师用书·英语第二部分语法专题讲析考点三抽象名词具体化①[2014·辽宁]Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
②—The hero bus driver in Hangzhou died yesterday.—Yes，news came as a shock to me.——杭州英雄司机昨天去世了。
——是的，这对我来说是一件令人震惊的事情。
考点总结单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义success 成功成功的人或事pleasure 乐趣令人高兴的事attraction 吸引有吸引力的人或事物beauty 美；美丽美丽的人或美好的事物令人感到安慰的comfort 安慰；慰藉人或事物danger 危险危险的人或因素delight 高兴令人高兴的事failure 失败失败的人或事物surprise 惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock 震惊令人震惊的事情pride 骄傲令人骄傲的事情◆名词与语法填空在语法填空中，对于名词的考查主要涉及可数名词的复数、名词的所有格以及词类变换。
[典题试做1]用括号内所给词的正确形式填空1．[2016·全国Ⅰ]But for tourists like me，pandas are its top ________(attract)．2．[2016·全国Ⅰ]The nursery team switches him every few ________(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle－fed...3．[2016·全国Ⅱ]Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ (achieve)．4．[2016·全国Ⅱ]Recent ________ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.5．[2016·四川]Any smell might attract natural ________ (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.答案：1.attraction 2.days 3.achievement4．studies 5.enemies[应对策略1]首先要弄清数与格，即名词是否该用复数，是否要用所有格；其次，注意有关名词的构词法，即有关名词的词类转换。
这就要求考生要搞清楚名词在句中作什么成分，近几年常考名词作主语、宾语、表语的情况。
◆名词与短文改错短文改错中对于名词的考查最可能考查名词的数与格。
汉语中的名词在形式上没有复数变化，而是通过在其前加数词或量词等方式来表示。
而英语则不同，除了在名词前加数词外，如果是可数名词，还须用其名词复数形式，而不可数名词没有复数形式。
其次名词的考查还会涉及词性转换方面的错误。
[典题试做2]单句改错(每小题1处错误)1．[2016·全国Ⅰ]My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.________2．[2016·全国Ⅱ]If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.________3．[2016·全国Ⅲ]The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.________4．[2016·四川]Mom has a full－time job，but she has to do most of the houseworks.________答案：1.honest→honesty 2.knowledges→knowledge3．year→years 4.houseworks→housework[应对策略2]遇到名词首先注意区分它是可数名词还是不可数名词；其次还可以根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。
此外，还要注意名词的所有格以及名词的句法功能，判断是否存在词性转换方面的错误。
◆书面表达中名词易错点聚焦1．写作中对于复数名词易疏漏－s或－es，如：(误)I'd love to make friend with you.(误)All the picture displayed are of geat value.2．部分名词的复数变化错误，如：familys，knifes，difficultys，pianoes，heros，woman doctors，tooths，childrens，medias。
3．部分词性易混作名词，如：动词名词形容词名词succeed success honest honestyaffect effect healthy health 4.不可数可数take action take measuressome advicesome suggestionstake exercise eye exercisesmake progressinformationⅠ.单句语法填空1．[2017·广东汕头二模]Without the proper treatment，minor________(injury) or burns could lead to more suffering and even loss of lives.2．[2017·山东青岛一模]They were the kind that I did not have in my________(collect) so I placed them carefully in my bag.3．[2017·山东烟台3月诊断]Three months later，Zejd was able to communicate happily with all his classmates about regular things like homework and________(game)．4．[2017·江苏泰兴质检]For sustainable development，the government has decided to give________(prefer) to those energy－conserving and environment－friendly businesses in many aspects.5．[2017·江苏运河中学一调]—Mr Wang is a man of few words，but quick in mind.—A still tongue makes a wise________，you know.答案：1.injuries解析：句意：如果得不到妥善治疗，轻伤或轻度烧伤可能会导致更大的痛苦甚至死亡。