英语专业八级汉译英高分特训100篇(英语专业八级翻译备考策略)【圣才出品】
英语专业考研汉英翻译高分特训100篇(文化类)【圣才出品】
2.7 文化类（Practice 74～Practice 82）Practice 74中国人对于和谐的理解来自于传统文化中的重要思想“和而不同一”。
“和而不同”可以理解为由《易经》为代表的“和生万物、同则不继”的中国传统思想方法，即在高扬个性的同时承认多样性的存在。
“和而不同”的思想深刻影响着中国文化思想发展的全过程，推动着中华文明可持续地向前发展。
由于中国处于地球上相对独立的地理位置——东面是澎湃的海洋，西南是茫茫森林与喜马拉雅山脉，西部及西北是方圆数万里的戈壁与沙漠，北面则是荒无人烟的西伯利亚冻土——这样的地理环境集中了多民族文化的存在，形成了有别于西方文化和印度文化的特色鲜明的中华文化。
这也是中华民族长期以来一直坚持“和而不同”的发展模式的原因之一。
【参考译文】Chinese people’s understanding of harmony comes from an important thought in traditional Chinese culture-“harmony in diversity”, which can be understood as a traditional Chinese thinking approach “Harmony grows everything while total sameness stops their development” represented by Book of Changes. While supporting individuality, it also admits diversity.The thought “harmony in diversity” has made a profound influence on the wholecourse of Chinese cultural and ideological development and has been promoting the sustained development of Chinese civilization. China is located in a relatively independent geographical area on the earth, with surging ocean in the east, vast forest and Himalaya Mountains in the southwest, tens of thousands of kilometers’Gobi and desert in the west and northwest and desolate Siberian permafrost in the north. Such surroundings helps the existence of multi-ethnic culture and forms highly featured Chinese culture distinguished from Western and Indian culture. This is one of the reasons why the Chinese nation has long been adhering to the growth mode of “harmony in diversity”.Practice 7518世纪法国思想家卢梭在写《社会契约论》的过程中曾经反复追问，人们怎样才能生活在一个有秩序的群体中，仍然“自由如初”？最终，他对这个问题的回答是“社会契约”。
备考专八应知道的英汉翻译技巧(精品文档)_共2页
第三节 专八翻译的命题来源 汉译英选自我国报刊杂志上的论述文和国情介绍，以及一般文学作品的节录。 英译汉翻译英、美报刊杂志上有关政治、经济、历史、文化等方面的论述文以及文学原 著的节录。 详细说明每一年试题来源。 结论 1 虽然大纲要求非常详细，但是仔细研究，不难发现，专八汉英翻译从来没有考过时政方面 的话题，而英汉翻译也很少涉及及其抽象的学术问题。只有一种文体，即：文学作品的翻 译。故，平时多看文学作品的翻译，多看报刊专栏作家的评述，甚至可能在考试的时候碰 到原题。 结论 2 专八通过必读书目： 张培基 《英译中国现代散文选》 乔萍 等《散文佳作 108 篇》 第四节 专八翻译评分和通过率 试卷各部分采用记权的办法，折算成百分制。以 60 分为及格标准。1． 听力 25 分钟 A) 主观题 10 题，10 分，B)C)客观题各 5 题，共 10 分。2． 阅读 30 分钟客观题 20 题，20 分 3． 人文知识 10 分钟，客观题，10 题，10 分 4． 改错 15 分钟，10 题，10 分 5． 翻 译 时间 60 分钟。中英互译，各一题，各 10 分 6． 写作时间 45 分钟，主观题，20 分 总计 185 分钟。 第五节 专八翻译大纲样题 PART Ⅳ TRANSLATION ［60 min］ SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE. 大自然对人的恩赐, 无论贫富, 一律平等。所以人们对于大自然,全部一致并深深地依赖 着。尤其在乡间, 上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄, 酿酒和饮酒, 喂牛和挤奶, 锄草和栽花; 在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜, 在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌。 往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样, 每个地方都有自己的传说, 风俗也就衍传了下来。
英语专业八级汉译英高分特训100篇(英语专业八级翻译考试大纲及题型调整解读)【圣才出品】
1.1英语专业八级翻译考试大纲及题型调整解读
1．大纲要求及题型调整说明：
经外语专业教学测试专家委员会讨论决定，从2016年起对TEM8考试的试卷结构和测试题型作局部调整。
其中，翻译部分去掉了原来英汉互译中的英译汉部分，只保留了汉译英的测试。
测试要求保持不变。
英语专业八级翻译部分测试要求：
汉译英要求应试者运用汉译英的理论和技巧，翻译我国报刊杂志上的论述文和国情介绍，以及一般文学作品的节录。
速度为每小时约250-300汉字。
译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺。
本题包含汉译英一项考试内容，要求考生将一段150个汉字组成的段落译成英语。
考试时间为25分钟。
2．命题特点
汉译英
八级考试翻译部分在命题上是有一定规律的，我们通过以上两个图表对2001—2017年的八级翻译试题进行总结和归纳：
（1）就体裁上讲
试题涉及记叙文、说明文、散文和论说小品文四种体裁。
散文与记叙文相比，除了有记叙的内容，还有更多的抒情色彩，因此翻译难度更大。
而论说小品文比起单纯的议论某一问题的论说文具有更强的哲理性。
（2）就题材上讲
所有考题都围绕人文话题，没有出现过科学技术方面的内容，也充分反映了《大纲》中对英语专业学生在文化素养方面的要求。
（3）就内容上讲
主要以人生哲理、风俗习惯、城市、机构介绍、个人见闻和随想为主。
与文学或艺术有关的翻译选段通常是作品或艺术种类的介绍，没有出现过纯粹的文学性描写或口语体对话。
（4）就文章来源上讲
主要来自富有哲理性的杂志（如《读者》）或是散文集。
圣才教育英语专业八级视频课程：翻译讲义第5讲 汉译英真题讲解(下)
【2006年C-E真题】中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。
因此我们的苦闷，基本上比西方人为少为小；因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。
农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多；因此欲望也小得多。
况中国古代素来以不滞于物，不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。
并非我们没有守财奴，但比起莫利哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴与野心家来，就小巫见大巫了。
中国民族多数是性情中正和平、淡泊、朴实、比西方人容易满足。
中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。
译文：①The Chinese nation has never regarded man as superior to all the other things in the world. It has been reflected in Chinese philosophy, literature and art that human was not dominating the universe but instead having a balance among nature and other creatures.②Chinese people, since ancient times, have never regarded human beings as dominant over everything, which is reflected in their philosophy and art where man in nature takes his place in a proper proportion to other creatures.因此我们的苦闷，基本上比西方人为少为小；因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。
单考英语考研翻译高分特训(汉译英翻译技巧指南)【圣才出品】
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圣才电子书
变原文中的词性。
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
1. 汉语中的动词转化为英语中的名词、介词、形容词、副词等。例如：
①他们教导我们要珍惜每一个机会。
They taught us the value of an opportunity(动词转为名词)
（二）增减法 作为Байду номын сангаас译的一个普遍准则，译者不应对原文的内容随意增减。但是由于汉英两种语言文 字之间所存在的巨大差异，在实际翻译过程中我们很难做到字词上的完全对应。因此为了准 确的表达原文信息，译者往往需要对译文做一些增添或删减。 1. 增词法 为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯，汉译英时有时需要增 加一些的词，这种增加大致可分为三种情况： (1)语义性增词 语义性增词指为使译文语义明确，易于读者理解，根据意义上的需要在译文中增加原文 中没有的词。例如：
修辞性增词大都出于行文上的考虑，因此所增加的词多为一些语气词、强调性副词或其
圣才电子书
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
1.4 汉译英翻译技巧指南
英语专业八级汉译英高分特训100篇(人物历史类(Practice 72～83))【圣才出品】
人物历史类（Practice72～83）◆人物历史类Practice72为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉：为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区、人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。
他不仅善于观察，观察的精确、耐心、客观、而且对观察的结果锲而不舍地进行思考。
参考译文In order to get a detailed and truthful picture of the particular places,he preferred to travel on foot instead of by cart or boat despite long distances,and even ventured into mountainous areas and jungles,which are rarely traveled by people and full of dangers.The payoff for his effort was his discovery of many fantastic landscapes which attracted him to return in different seasons and even different hours of the day to observe their kaleidoscopic spectacles.翻译要点本题的翻译需注意句内重复信息的省略。
相比较，中文行文没有英语那么严谨，或修辞原因，或文风原因，文章中往往有不少重复信息，在翻译时不能按句照翻。
而是要分析，该并的并，把多余、重复的信息去掉。
如本题第一句较长，有不少的重复信息，“为了进行真实细致的考察”，“为了弄清大自然的真相”虽说法不同，但意思一样。
圣才教育英语专业八级视频课程：翻译讲义第6讲英译汉技巧_图.
四、英译汉部分(一英译汉技巧A. 词的翻译1. 词义选择2. 词义引申3. 词类转译4. 增词法5. 减词法B. 句子翻译1. 正说反译与反说正译2. 语态的转换3. 分译与合译(一英译汉技巧A. 词的翻译1. 词义选择英语与世界上任何一种语言一样,都存在着一词多义的现象。
所谓一词多义,是指同一个词在同一种词性中,具有几个不同的词义。
在英语与汉语中,很难找到一词一义的对应情况,这就需要在翻译过程中理解英语原文中单词的意思,然后努力地寻找在汉语中与这个英语单词具有相同意义的常用表达方法。
在翻译时,词义的选择应从以下几个方面着手。
①根据词性确定词义许多英语单词具有不同词性,亦即分属几种不同的词类,包括名词、动词、形容词、副词等等。
其中,有些单词用于不同词性时意思并无多大差异,翻译时一般不会导致理解上的错误。
如:forecast有“预报,预测”的意思,用作动词和用作名词时意思相同;increase作动词时,表示“增加,增长,增进”的意思,用作名词时主要还是表达这些意思。
但是,大多数单词并非如此。
它们在用作不同词性时,其意义存在不同程度的差异。
如:book这个单词,在作名词时,意思是“书,书籍”;用作动词却常表示“预订,预约”的意思。
又如:while作连词时,有“当……的时候,而,虽然”等意思;作名词时,却指“片刻,一会儿”;作动词,又有“消磨”的意思。
遇到这种情况,如果不弄清楚词性,常常就会将词义搞错,进而影响对原文的正确理解和准确翻译。
He worked round the day.他工作了一整天。
(介词The boy’s eyes rounded with excitement.男孩兴奋得眼睛睁得圆圆的。
(动词②根据上下文确定词义除了根据词性来判断词义之外,词义选择的一个更为重要的方法就是根据上下文来判断词义。
因为很多英语单词即使弄清楚了词性,仍需从几个或十几个意项中选定确切的词义。
这就需要借助于上下文提供的各种线索做出合理的分析、推理、判断。
英语专业八级汉译英高分特训100篇(词汇翻译)【圣才出品】
2.1词汇翻译1.确定词汇意义在翻译词语时，首先需确定词语的含义，其中包括指称意义和蕴含意义。
（1）指称意义的理解与表达指称意义是“词的确切和字面的意义”。
并且一词多义的现象在语言中广泛存在。
在具体翻译时，应结合词语所处的具体搭配关系和语言环境对词语的指称意义进行全面、周密的分析。
例：（2）蕴涵意义的理解与表达蕴涵意义指词语内含的情感和联想意义，是词语的隐含意义。
主要体现在词语的修辞色彩、文体特征、文化内涵等方面。
★汉语词语的语言形式往往具有浓厚的修辞色彩，集中地体现在汉语的国俗词语中，如俗语、成语、歇后语等等。
翻译此类词语时，译者可采用直译等方法尽可能在译文中反映出原文独特的文化信息和审美价值。
例：宝钗笑道：“不用问，狗嘴里还有象牙不成!”(曹雪芹《红楼梦》)“I don’t have to ask,”retorted Pao-chai.“One doesn’t expect ivory from a dog’s mouth.”(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)★词语的蕴涵意义还体现为词语的文体特征。
两个指称意义相同的词在文体上常有庄谐、雅俗之。
★汉语中的颜色词、叠词、数词等词汇往往具有丰富的蕴涵意义，译者在翻译这类词语时应充分考虑到它们在汉语语言文化中的特殊内涵，注重其蕴涵意义在译文中的再现。
2.词语英译与语言语境词义与语境关系密切。
“每个词在一个新的语境中就是一个新词”（Each word when used in a new context is a new word。
）所以，汉译英时应结合具体的语境对词语进行分析。
（1）根据语言语境确定原文词义搭配（collocation）指的是语言系统内各个语言成分的同现和组合，是语言语境的重要组成部分。
所以，汉译英时可根据词语的搭配关系确定词义。
例：“红包”一词：过年、婚庆、生日等场合所送的红包指的是“礼金”，应译成gift money；单位在节假日时发的红包指的是“奖金”，应译作bonus；而行贿时所送的现金也称作“红包”，这时应用bribes一词反映出“红包”的真实所指。
圣才教育英语专业八级视频课程：翻译讲义第3讲 汉译英技巧
三、汉译英部分（一）汉译英技巧A. 词的翻译1. 词的选择2. 词的增补3. 词的减省4. 词类转换B. 句子翻译1. 顺译法2. 分句合译3. 断句分译（二）真题讲解（一）汉译英技巧A. 词的翻译1. 词的选择所谓词义选择，是指词本来就有这个意思，问题是要我们去选，把其在特定场合的正确意思选出来。
正确选词是保证译文质量的重要环节，如果能做到在词语概念和字面形式上都对等当然最好，如果不能兼顾，则取概念，舍形式。
越是普通的词，越是拥有繁多的释义和搭配，翻译过程中的词义也就越难以确定。
选词时，要注意词义的广狭、所处语境、词的褒贬和色彩进行翻译。
（1）语境词汉语有些词语的含义会因语境而发生微妙的变化，我们姑且称之为“语境词”。
翻译这些词时，应紧密结合上下文译成相应的词语，不能按照原词的字面意思来译。
例1：原文：手机刷新了人与人的关系。
［2009年真题］译文：Cell phone has altered the relationship among people.分析：“刷新”此处实际是指“改变”，而并非我们平常所指的含义，因此不宜译成refurbish 或renovate，翻译为alter或change更恰当。
例2：原文：在得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道……［2003年真题］译文：Before I fell ill, I had been the bully under our roofs owing to my doting parents.分析：“横行霸道”在此并无“任意欺凌他人”之意，而是“为所欲为，想干什么就干什么，不受限制”，可用get everything my own way或get all things my own way或be the bully表达。
例3：原文：钓鱼可分为三个阶段……［2001年真题］译文：There are three states for fishing…分析：根据上下文，我们可以看出，“三个阶段”指的其实是钓鱼的三种境界，而不是讲钓鱼具体的步骤，因此不应按字面意思译为three stages，而应根据其内涵译为three states。
英语专业八级英译中翻译练习(含参考译文).doc
英译中练习1Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, the most basic constituents of matter, and the miracle of life. At the same time, today, the actions, and inaction, of human beings imperil not only life on the planet, but the very life of the planet. Globalization is making the world smaller, faster and richer. Still, 9/11, avian flu, and Iran remind us that a smaller, faster world is not necessarily a safer world. Our world is bursting with knowledge---but desperately in need of wisdom. Now, when sound bites are getting shorter, when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives grow more frenzied, college graduates capable of deep reflection are what our world needs. For all these reasons I believed and I believe even more strongly today in the unique and irreplaceable mission of universities.英译中练习2There are few words which are used more loosely than the word 'civilization'. What does it mean? It means a society based upon the opinion of civilians. It means that violence, the rule of warriors and despotic chiefs, the conditions of camps and warfare, of riot and tyranny, give place to parliaments where laws are made, and independent courts of justice in which over long periods those laws are maintained. That is civilization and in its soil grow continually freedom, comfort and culture. When civilization reigns in any country, a wider and less harassed life is afforded to the masses of the people, the traditions of the past are cherished, and the inheritance bequeathed to us by former wise or valiant men becomes a rich estate to be enjoyed and used by all.英译中练习3In a calm sea every man is a pilot.But all sunshine without shade, all pleasure without pain, is not life at all. Take the lot of the happiest - it is a tangled yarn. Bereavements and blessings, one following another, make us sad and blessed by turns. Even death itself makes life more loving. Men come closest to their true selves in the sober moments of life, under the shadows of sorrow and loss.In the affairs of life or of business, it is not intellect that tells so much as character, not brains so much as heart, not genius so much as self-control, patience, and discipline, regulated by judgment.I have always believed that the man who has begun to live more seriously within begins to live more simply without. In an age of extravagance and waste, I wish I could show to the world how few the real wants of humanity are.To regret one's errors to the point of not repeating them is true repentance. There is nothing noble in being superior to some other man. The true nobility is in being superior to your previous self.英译中练习4Birds and DeathThe bird, however hard the frost may be, flies briskly to his customary roosting-place, and, with beak tucked into hiswing, falls asleep. He has no apprehensions; only the hot blood grows colder and colder, the pulse feebler as he sleeps, and at midnight, or in the early morning, he drops from his perch---death.Yesterday he lived and moved, responsive to a thousand external influences, reflecting earth and sky in his small brilliant brain as in a looking-glass; also he had a various language, the inherited knowledge of his race, the faculty of flight, by means of which he could shoot, meteor-like, across the sky, and pass swiftly from place to place; and with it such perfect control over all his organs, such marvelous certitude in all his motions, as to be able to drop himself plumb down from the tallest tree-top , or out of the void air , on to a slender spray , and scarcely cause its leaves to tremble . Now , on this morning , he lies stiff and motionless ; if you were to take him up and drop him from your hand , he would fall to the ground like a stone or a lump of clay-so easy and swift is the passage from life to death in wild nature! But he was never miserable英译中练习5Hour in the SunJohn H.Bradley"…I was rich,if not in money,in sunny hours and summer days."--Henry David ThoreauWhen Thoreau wrote that line,he was thinking of the Walden.Pond he knew as a boy.Woodchoppers and the Iron Horse had not yet greatly damaged the beauty of its setting.A boy could go to the pond and lie on his back against the seat of a boat,lazily drfiting from shore to shore while the loons dived and the swallows dipped around him.Thoreau loved to recall such sunny hours and summer days"when idleness was the most attractive and productive business."I too was a boy in love with a pond,rich in sunny hours and summer days.Sun and summer are still what the always were,but the boy and the pond changed.The boy,who is now a man,no longer finds much time for idle drifting.The pond has been annexed by a great city.The swamps where herons once hunted are now drained and filled with hourses .The bay where water lilies quietly floated is now a harbor for motor boats.In short,everything that the boy loved no longer exists-- except in the man's memory of it.英译中练习6The old lady had always been proud of the great rose-tree in her garden, and was fond of telling how it had grown from a cutting she had brought years before from Italy, when she was first married. She and her husband had been travelling back in their carriage from Rome （it was before the time of railways ）and on a bad piece of road south of Siena they had broken down, and had been forced to pass the night in a little house by the road-side. The accommodation was wretched of course; she had spent a sleepless night, and rising early had stood, wrapped up, at her window, with the cool air blowing on her face, to watch the dawn. She could still, after all these years, remember the blue mountains with the bright moon above them, and how a far-off town on one of the peaks had gradually grown whiter and whiter, till the moon faded, the mountains were touched with the pink of the rising sun, and suddenly the town was lit as by an illumination, one window after another catching and reflecting the sun's beam, till at last the whole little city twinkled and sparkled up in the sky like a nest of stars英译中练习7Some people insist that only today and tomorrow matter.But how much poorer we would be if we really lived by that rule! So much of what we do today is frivolous and futile and soon forgotten.So much of what we hope to do tomorrow never happens.The past is the bank in which we store our most valuable possession: the memories that give meaning and depth to our lives.Those who truly treasure the past will not bemoan the passing of the good old days,because days enshrined in memory are never lost.Death itself is powerless to still a remembered voice or erase a remembered smile.And for one boy who is now a man, there is a pond which neither time nor tide can change,where he can still spend a quiet hour in the sun.英译中练习1参考译文科技进步正在使我们能够探索宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的成分及生命的奇迹。
圣才教育英语专业八级视频课程：翻译讲义第8讲 英译汉真题讲解(下)及备考指南
【2006年E-C真题】On May 13, 1940, Winston Churchill, the newly appointed British Prime Minister, gave his first speech to Parliament. He was preparing the people for a long battle against Nazi aggression, at a time when England’s survival was still in doubt.“... I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea, and air. War with all out might and with all our strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime.You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word. It is victory. Victory at all costs—victory in spite of all terrors—for without victory there is no survival.Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, ‘Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength’.”I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.分析：句子简短精悍，但慷慨激昂，催人奋进，翻译时要体现出来。
英语专业八级考试翻译练习(共10篇,附答案)
英语专业八级考试翻译练习（共10篇，附答案）英语专业八级考试翻译练习（1）TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A: CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following underlined text into English.简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事。
因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。
但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。
有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。
这不仅因为她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明。
史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。
也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESETranslate the following underlined text into Chinese.I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured---the numbers on the money chart --- and ignoring values more central to the good life? For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours’ orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self?I don’t want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it isharder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups ---when they have to be acknowledged as “part of us.”Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities ---the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are, sadly, more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us.英语专业八级考试翻译练习（2）TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A: CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following underlined text into English.近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多，于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。
英语专业八级阅读理解高分特训100篇【命题分析+答题攻略+强化训练】(第4章 英语专业八级能力提升篇
商业经济类（Passage83～88）Passage83题材：商业经济类字数：779建议用时：7分钟It's widely known that more than half of all corporate mergers and acquisitions end in failure.Like many marriages,they are often fraught with irreconcilable cultural and financial differences.Yet M&A activity was up sharply in2013and reached pre-recession levels this year.So why do companies keep at it?Because it's an easy way to make a quick buck and please Wail Street.Increasingly,business is serving markets rather than markets serving business,as they were originally meant to do in our capitalist system.For a particularly stark example,consider American pharmaceutical giant Pfizer's recent bid to buy British drugmaker AstraZeneca.The deal made little strategic sense and would probably have destroyed thousands of jobs as well as slowed research at both companies.(Public outcry to that effect eventually helped scuttle the plan.)But it would have allowed Pfizer to shift its domicile to Britain,where companies pay less tax.That,in turn,would have boosted share prices in the short term,enriching the executives paid in stock and the bankers, lawyers and other financial intermediaries who stood to gain about half a billion dollars or so in fees from the deal.Pfizer isn't alone.Plenty of firms engage in such tax wizardry(巫术).This kind of short-term thinking is starting to dominate executive suites.Besides taxavoidance,Wall Street's marching orders to corporate America include dividend payments and share buybacks,which sap long-term growth plans.It also demands ever more globalized supply chains,which make balance sheets look better by cutting costs but add complexity and risk.All of this hurts longer-term,more sustainable job and value creation.As a recent article on the topic by academic Gautam Mukunda in the Harvard Business Review noted, "The financial sector's influence on management has become so powerful that a recent survey of chief financial officers showed that78%would give up economic value and55%would cancel a project with a positive net present value--that is,willingly harm their companies--to meet Wall Street's targets and fulfill its desire for'smooth'earnings."Some of this can be blamed on the sheer size of the financial sector.Many thought that the economic crisis and Great Recession would weaken the power of markets.In fact,it only strengthened finance's grip on the economy.The largest banks are bigger than they were before the recession,while finance as a percentage of the economy is about the same size.Overall,the industry earns 30%of all corporate profit while creating just6%of the country's jobs.And financial institutions are still doing plenty of tricky things with our money. Legendary investor Warren Buffett recently told me he's steering well clear of exposure to commercial securities like the complex derivatives being sliced and diced by major banks.He expects these"weapons of mass destruction"to cause problems for our economy again at some point.There's a less obvious but equally important way in which Wall Street distorts the economy:by defining"shareholder value"as short-term returns.If a CEO misses quarterly earnings by even a few cents per share,activist investors will push for that CEO to be fired.Yet the kinds of challenges companies face today--how to shift to entirely new digital business models, where to put operations when political risk is on the rise,how to anticipate the future costs of health,pensions and energy--are not quarterly problems.They are issues that will take years,if not decades,to resolve.Unfortunately,in a world in which the average holding period for a stock is about seven months, down from seven years four decades ago,CEOs grasp for the lowest-hanging fruit.They label tax-avoidance schemes as"strategic"and cut research and development in favor of sending those funds to investors in the form of share buybacks.All of this will put American firms at a distinct disadvantage against global competitors with long-term mind-sets.McKinsey Global Institute data shows that between now and2025,7out of10of the largest global firms are likely to come from emerging markets,and most will be family-owned businesses not beholden to(感激)the markets.Of course,there's plenty we could do policy-wise to force companies and markets to think longer term--from corporate tax reform to bans on high-speed trading to shifts in corporate compensation.But just as Wall Street has captured corporate America,so has it captured Washington.Few mainstream politicians on either side of the aislehave much interest in fixing things,since they get so much of their financial backing from the Street.Unfortunately for them,the fringes of their parties--and voters--do care.1.What would the author like to illustrate by the example of Pfizer's bid?A.More than half of all corporate mergers and acquisitions end in failure.B.They are often fraught with irreconcilable cultural and financial differences.C.It's an easy way to make a quick buck and please Wall Street.D.Business is serving markets rather than markets serving business.2.It can be inferred that"smooth earnings"include the following EXCEPT_____．A.tax avoidanceB.dividend paymentsC.better account balanceD.lower costs3.Wall Street's distortion of the economy may causemercial securities to be diced by big banksB.mass destruction of American economyC.failure to solve strategic problems of companiesD.CEOs to shorten their holding period for a stock4.The author closes the passage with a_____note.A.cautiousB.warningC.sarcasticD.humorous5.What kind of thinking is starting to dominate executive suites?6.In what way does Wall Street distort the economy?7.According to the author,what is the root cause of faulty mergers and acquisitions?【答案及解析】1.D由题干中的Pfizer's bid定位至第二段，该段提到“The deal made little strategicsense and would probably have destroyed thousands of jobs as well as slowed research at both companies.”即这一竞投收购活动会对生产发展和创造就业岗位带来负面影响，但之后又提到该协议可以少付税款，满足决策者等高级管理层和金融界从业人员的短期利益，由此结合题目可知选项D描述正确。
英语专业八级过关必做1000题(汉译英过关必做30篇)【圣才出品】
第4章汉译英过关必做30篇◆文学作品类Test 1它不像汉白玉那样的细腻，可以刻字雕花，也不像大青石那样的光滑，可以浣纱捶布。
它静静地卧在那里，院里的树荫没有庇覆它，花儿也不再在它身边生长。
荒草便繁衍出来，枝蔓上下，慢慢地，竟锈上了绿苔、黑斑。
我们这些做孩子的，也讨厌起它来，曾合伙要搬走它，但力气又不足；虽时时咒骂它，嫌弃它，也无可奈何，只好任它留在那里去了。
【参考译文】It was not like a fine piece of white marble, which could be carved with words or flowers, nor like a smooth big bluish stone that people used to wash their clothes on. The stone just lay there in silence, enjoying no shading from the trees in the yard, and having no more flowers growing around it. As a result, weeds multiplied and their stems and tendrils stretched all over it, and gradually it was even covered with dark green spots or moss. We children began to dislike the stone too, and would have taken it away if we had been strong enough. However, all we could do for the time was to leave it alone, despite our disgust or even curses.【翻译要点】(1) 第一句中，通过连词nor将句中两个分别修饰“汉白玉”和“大青石”的定语从句连接起来，译文将四个汉语分句处理为一个英语长句，符合汉语的用语习惯。
圣才教育英语专业八级视频课程：翻译讲义第2讲 翻译步骤及考生常见问题
二、翻译步骤及考生常见问题（一）翻译步骤在英语专业八级测试中，时间利用率的高低决定着考生能否最大限度发挥自己的实际水平。
因此，考生要千方百计利用好60分钟的那段有限的时间，保质保量的把翻译部分做好。
考生一般可以遵照以下步骤进行翻译：第一步：快速浏览原文一遍，了解所需翻译文章的大意遇到较难理解或是较难翻译的词可以在下面标下划线，以便过后仔细斟酌。
第二步：边看边译，每次处理一个自然段如果是一大段，每次处理几行即可，具体步骤分为：阅读原文，斟酌措辞，写下译文。
如果有的地方一时还理解不好或是找不到恰当的措辞，因而译得不理想或译不出来，可以暂时空着不写，但要在未译部分标出记号，以免忘记。
第三步：加工修改初稿写成之后，应先把未译的部分补上去。
再就是把译得不理想的地方再修改一遍。
第四步：复读译文从头至尾再阅读一遍译文，译文有无逻辑不通之处和字句错误。
凡有不顺之处，必定有理解问题，应仔细琢磨。
（二）常见问题解析1. 汉译英（1）理解问题汉语句子在断句问题上并不严格，因此对句子停顿的认识很多情况下完全取决于读者的语感。
学生对此往往认识并不充分，不敢果断断句，以为原文中的一个长句一定要用英语的一个长句来表达，因而出现跟原文风格不一致的译文，甚至在组织译文的时候出现很多语法错误。
例如，2001年八级英语考试中，第一句话是“世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物演化历史的”。
很多同学用which这个关系代词来形成一个结构很复杂的主从复合句，但是在组织这个句子的时候出现很多错误，造成修饰关系不明确的情况。
如果我们果断断句，翻译成：The World’s first generation museums are museums of natural history. They introduce to the people with fossils and specimens the evolution of the earth and various living organisms on it. 用这样两个单句来处理，就可以避免语法错误，而且可以使句子语义鲜明。
TEM8翻译讲座-英语专业八级英语翻译应试技巧和策略
应试技巧与策略
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1. 评分标准
内容(忠实)+语言(适贴) 优秀(6-7/3) 良好(5-6/2) 合格(4-5/1) 不和格(2-3/0) 极差(0-1/0)
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简言之: 忠实(内容的完整)
语言(句法关系和词汇)
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Sometimes, treating friends without respect may be a small matter…
Treating friends with disrespect may seemingly be a small matter…
2把人看作高于一切…
2. 八级考试翻译应试策略
2.1 把握时间：保证量的前提下追求质
E-C:多理解/少表达
C-E: 少理解/多表达
2.2 书写工整:不大不小/清楚易认/少或不涂改试卷,尽 量少插入
2.3 合理应对难易点
难点：死难点如词汇、不懂的句子结构等尽量避
之，不要硬译。活难点如英汉差异较大的典型句式或
表达方式可适当多花些时间，这些往往是得分点。
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5）多余的翻译
例6. 跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希 望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。
At the transitional phase between the two centuries, in what way the young generation should embrace the forthcoming new century replete with hopes is a question to which we have to seek an answer.
英语专八翻译篇（一）汉译英
专八辅导之翻译篇（一）汉译英一十大常用英汉与汉英翻译技巧二汉译英常用技巧及实例讲解(见书)1．词的翻译词义选择词类转换词的增补和减省词的替代2. 句的翻译确立主干（主语和谓语）语序调整正反转换语态对译长句翻译3. 段落翻译段落的衔接段落的连贯段落的文体三考生常见问题分析1. 词义虚假对等2. 词类混用3.冠词滥用4.数的概念混乱5.用词冗余6.句子结构机械对应7. 主次信息不分8. 语篇衔接不当四英语专业八级汉译英练习及参考译文一常用英汉与汉英翻译技巧英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。
常用的翻译技巧有重译法、增译法、省译法、词类转移法、语序调整法、分译法、正译法、反译法、语态变换法。
1.重译法（repetition）---在翻译中为了忠实于原文不得不重复某些词语。
其总用有三：为了明确、强调和生动。
通常在某些正式的应用文体中重复使用名次，其他时候往往重复宾语等。
例: We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。
Aristocratic and democratic tendencies in a nation often show themselves in its speech. 民族中的贵族倾向和民主倾向常在其言语中表现出来。
Note: 在汉译英时，往往有两种情况：一是汉语重复，英译时也重复；二是按照两种语言各自的习惯以不同的表达方式重复。
英译汉时也同理。
例：这种人闹什么东西呢？闹名誉，闹地位，闹出风头。
译文：What are they after? They are after name, after position, and want to cut smart figures.大家庭有大家庭的难处。
A large family has its difficulties.If you didn’t succeed at first, try, try, try again.起初不成功，可以一试再试。
英语专业考研基础英语翻译高分特训100篇(汉译英高分特训50篇)文学类【圣才出品】
◆文学类Practice 89雨前最后的鸽群带着低弱的笛声在微风里划一个圈子后，也消失了。
也许是误认为这灰暗的凄冷的天空为夜色的来袭，或是也预感到风雨的将至，遂过早地飞回它们温暖的木舍。
几天的阳光在柳条上撒下一抹嫩绿，被尘土埋掩得有憔悴色了，是需要一次洗涤。
还有干裂的大地和树根也早已期待着雨。
雨却迟疑着。
我情想着故乡的雷声和雨声。
那隆隆的有力的搏击，从山谷反响到山谷，仿佛春之芽就从冻土里震动，惊醒，而怒茁出来。
细草样柔的雨丝又以温存之手抚摸它，使它簇生油绿的枝叶而开出红色的花。
这些怀想如乡愁一样萦绕得使我忧郁了。
我心里的气候也和这北方大陆一样缺少雨量，一滴温柔的泪在我枯涩的归里，如迟疑在这阴沉的天空里的雨点，久不落下。
白色的鸭也似有一点烦躁了，有不洁的颜色的都市的河沟里传出它们焦急的叫声。
有的还未厌倦那船一样的徐徐的划行。
有的却倒插它们的长颈在水里，红色的蹼趾伸在尾后，不停地扑击着水以支持身体的平衡。
不知是在寻找沟底的细微食物，还是贪那深深的水里的寒冷。
有几个已上岸了。
在柳树下来回地作绅士的散步，舒息划行的疲劳。
然后参差地站着，用嘴细细地抚理它们遍体白色的羽毛，间或又摇动身子或扑展阔翅，使那缀在羽毛间的水珠坠落。
一个已修饰完毕的，弯曲它的颈到背上，长长的红嘴藏没在翅膀里，静静合上它白色的茸毛间的小黑眼，仿佛准备睡眠。
可怜的小动物，你就是这样做你的梦吗？我想起故乡的放雏鸭的人了。
一大群鹅黄色的雏鸭游牧在溪流间。
清浅的水，两岸青青的草，一根长长的竹竿在牧人的手里。
他的小队伍是多么欢欣地发出啾啁声，又多么驯服地随着他的竿头越过一个田野又一个山坡！夜来了，帐幕似的竹篷撑在地上，就是他的家。
但这是怎样辽远的想象啊！在这多尘土的国度里，我仅只希望听见一点树叶上的雨声。
一点雨声的幽凉滴到憔悴的梦，也许会长成一树圆圆的绿阴来覆荫我自己。
我仰起头。
天空低垂如灰色雾幕，落下一些寒冷的碎屑到我脸上。
一只远来的鹰隼仿佛带着愤怒，对这沉重的天色的愤怒，平张的双翅不动地从天空斜插下，几乎触到河沟对岸的土阜，而又鼓扑着双翅，作出猛烈的声响腾上了。
大学生英语专八考试翻译加分训练
大学生英语专八考试翻译加分训练大学生英语专八考试翻译加分训练A clear conscience is a soft pillow.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的大学生英语专八考试翻译加分训练，希望能给大家带来帮助!part 1徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。
他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。
他发现前人研究地理的.记载有许多不很可靠的地方。
为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉;为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人烟稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景;他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。
参考译文During his lifetime, Xu Xiake traveled around and conducted surveys in 16 provinces. He left his footsteps in virtually every part of the country. In the process of conducting his surveys and investigations, he would never blindly embrace the conclusions recorded in previous documents. Instead, he discovered that the documentations made by his predecessors in their geographical studies were not quite reliable in many aspects. In order to ensure that his reconnaissance were real and detailed, he seldom traveled by ship or by wagon. He climbed over mountains and hills and traveled long distances almost entirely on foot. In order to develop a true picture of the natural world, he made it a point of undertaking his expeditions in those mountain areas where roads were difficult to travel and in those woods that were sparsely populated. In this way he discovered many marvelous mountains and beautiful scenes. He frequently chose different times and seasons of the year to make repeated visits to thefamous mountains across the country so that he could make repeated observations of their wonderful scenery that kept changing all year round.part 2大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。
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1/1十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
圣才电子书
1.3英语专业八级翻译备考策略
1．扩大词汇量
词汇量的大小直接影响到对原文信息的理解和原文意思的表达。
文中的生单词会让考生不知文中所云，何谈翻译！因此在平时要注重词汇量的积累，并灵活运用到自己的翻译之中。
2．掌握一定的翻译理论和技巧
英语和汉语属于不同的语系，因此两者之间存在很大的差异。
例如：英语句子都比较“重物而轻人”，重客观而轻主观；相反，汉语则较多地“重人而轻物”，重主观而轻客观。
汉语多以表“人”的词做主语，英语多以表事物的词做主语。
掌握这些技巧可以让学生在翻译的过程中游刃有余。
3．广泛阅读，扩大知识面
大量阅读英文原著、杂志和英文报刊有助于考生掌握地道的英文表达从而避免中式英语。
其次对背景知识的要求经常集中体现在人名翻译上。
如在2000年的试卷中，就曾出现过Marilyn Monroe，James Deans 和John Keats 三位名人的名字，如果对欧美文化、文学了解甚少，就无法准确译出人名，甚至会影响对整个段落的理解与翻译。
4．大量练习
每天定时定量做一些翻译练习，然后对照参考译文进行修改，找出自己和标准译文的差距。
“Practice makes perfect”，只有通过多读、多练才能不断提高翻译水平。
5．注意书写工整
考试的时候要注意卷面清洁和书写工整。
准备两到三只质量和色泽好的深蓝或黑色的中性笔，因为翻译和写作，答案都是手写，整洁的卷面和工整的书写能给阅卷老师留下好的印象。