牛津上海版英语九年级上册全书语法知识汇总复习

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牛津上海版英语九年级上册全书

语法知识汇总

现在完成时

I.现在完成时的概念。

①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果

She has been ill for three days. (她病了三天了。)

②表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

We've known each other since we were children. (我们从小就认识。)

I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.

II.构成:”助动词have, has + 过去分词”

现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以work为例):

注:规则动词的过去分词的构成与过去是相同,不规则动词的过去分词见附表。

练. 把下面变否定句、一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答。

1. I have done my homework.

否定句:_______________________________________

一般疑问句:___________________________________

回答:_________________________________________

2. The plane has arrived.

否定句:_______________________________________

一般疑问句:___________________________________

回答:_________________________________________

III.现在完成时用法归纳

1. 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现已完成,对现在造成的影响和结果。(此种用法谓语动词用结束性动词)

如:The plane has arrived.

常用的时间状语和副词:

already (已经) 用于肯定句中,位置比较灵活,但通常放在have/ has 与过去分词之间

如:I have already done my homework.

yet (还,仍然,已经) 用于否定句和疑问句的句末。

如:Has she finished cooking yet? 他做完饭了吗?

练:I have already done my homework. (变为否定句)_________________________________ ever (曾经),句中,多用于疑问句

如:Have you ever been to Shanghai?

never (从不) ,本身否定;before (以前),句尾,独立用;just (刚刚),用于肯定句中,常用在助动词和过去分词之间。

如:I have just heard the news. 我刚刚听到消息。

2. 完成时可用于表示某时间段里完成的动作,常与today, these days, recently等时间状语连用。如:

Have you seen her these days? 译:______________

Have you been to the library today? 译:____________

Have you read the book recently? 译:______________

3.现在完成时表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,可能延续到将来的动作和状态。

常与表示过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语连用。如:

a.for + 一段时间:for two hours

b.since + 时间点:since 1999, since last year

c.since + 一段时间+ ago: since two days ago

d.since + 从句(用过去时)

e.up to now, till now, until now, so far

f.in the past two years, in the last few days

g.recently, lately

如:Miss Zhao has taught math for five years.

His mother has worked in the shop since 1990.

The Greens have lived in London since three years ago.

[注]:其中在a,b,c,d 这四种结构中,谓语动词必须为延续性动词。

如:

这本书我已买了一年半了!)

4. 短暂性动词怎样和表示一段时间的状语连用。

英语中的短暂性动词,也叫做终止性动词、瞬间动词或非延续性动词,只表示一时的动作,在肯定句式中不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。常见的短暂性动词有:go, come, leave, find, buy, arrive, give, stop, join, marry, die, begin, start, borrow, close, open, lend等。

eg. I have bought this book for three months. (×)

非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法:

(1)将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。

leave- have (has) been away from close- be closed

join- have (has) been (in) begin/start- be on

buy- have (has) had go- be there

die- have (has) dead finish- be over

come (arrive)- have (has) been here borrow- have (has) kept

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