牛津上海版英语九年级上册全书语法知识汇总复习
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牛津上海版英语九年级上册全书
语法知识汇总
现在完成时
I.现在完成时的概念。
①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
She has been ill for three days. (她病了三天了。)
②表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
We've known each other since we were children. (我们从小就认识。)
I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.
II.构成:”助动词have, has + 过去分词”
现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以work为例):
注:规则动词的过去分词的构成与过去是相同,不规则动词的过去分词见附表。
练. 把下面变否定句、一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答。
1. I have done my homework.
否定句:_______________________________________
一般疑问句:___________________________________
回答:_________________________________________
2. The plane has arrived.
否定句:_______________________________________
一般疑问句:___________________________________
回答:_________________________________________
III.现在完成时用法归纳
1. 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现已完成,对现在造成的影响和结果。(此种用法谓语动词用结束性动词)
如:The plane has arrived.
常用的时间状语和副词:
already (已经) 用于肯定句中,位置比较灵活,但通常放在have/ has 与过去分词之间
如:I have already done my homework.
yet (还,仍然,已经) 用于否定句和疑问句的句末。
如:Has she finished cooking yet? 他做完饭了吗?
练:I have already done my homework. (变为否定句)_________________________________ ever (曾经),句中,多用于疑问句
如:Have you ever been to Shanghai?
never (从不) ,本身否定;before (以前),句尾,独立用;just (刚刚),用于肯定句中,常用在助动词和过去分词之间。
如:I have just heard the news. 我刚刚听到消息。
2. 完成时可用于表示某时间段里完成的动作,常与today, these days, recently等时间状语连用。如:
Have you seen her these days? 译:______________
Have you been to the library today? 译:____________
Have you read the book recently? 译:______________
3.现在完成时表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,可能延续到将来的动作和状态。
常与表示过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语连用。如:
a.for + 一段时间:for two hours
b.since + 时间点:since 1999, since last year
c.since + 一段时间+ ago: since two days ago
d.since + 从句(用过去时)
e.up to now, till now, until now, so far
f.in the past two years, in the last few days
g.recently, lately
如:Miss Zhao has taught math for five years.
His mother has worked in the shop since 1990.
The Greens have lived in London since three years ago.
[注]:其中在a,b,c,d 这四种结构中,谓语动词必须为延续性动词。
如:
这本书我已买了一年半了!)
4. 短暂性动词怎样和表示一段时间的状语连用。
英语中的短暂性动词,也叫做终止性动词、瞬间动词或非延续性动词,只表示一时的动作,在肯定句式中不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。常见的短暂性动词有:go, come, leave, find, buy, arrive, give, stop, join, marry, die, begin, start, borrow, close, open, lend等。
eg. I have bought this book for three months. (×)
非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法:
(1)将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。
leave- have (has) been away from close- be closed
join- have (has) been (in) begin/start- be on
buy- have (has) had go- be there
die- have (has) dead finish- be over
come (arrive)- have (has) been here borrow- have (has) kept