定语从句和阅读

定语从句的理解

一、定语从句的位置

（一）从句在主句的前面

例如:As is well-known, man could’t live without water.

（二）从句在主句的后面

例如:This is the house where his father was born.

（三）放置在主句中

例1:The day when they got married was just on February 14.

二、理解定语从句要注意:

A.准确判断定语从句所修饰的对象。

由于定语从句与其所修饰的对象之间常有分割成分，而该分割成分中与定语从句紧挨着的名词常常会被误认为是定语从句的先行词。在理解上会造成障碍。因此遇到这种结构一定要根据上下文和常识进行判断。

1.The days are gone when we suffered so much．

2.There are many people on the platform who are waiting for the train．

3.Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago, when I came to your house and borrowed a necklace of yours?

4.At all times you may find things happening which are hard to explain．

B.要注意区分从句的层次。

定语从句是最可能出现嵌套结构的。一句话中往往包括好几个定语从句，这些从句有时是相互并列的关系，有时是嵌套关系。理解句子的时候应注意区分。

The boss got a chance to visit the village where he used to work ，which he had been dreaming of for 20 years.

老板终于得到机会去访问他工作过的村庄，他一直梦想了20年

2、America has more than fifty states，one of which，Kentucky，is the place where Abraham Lincoln was born. 美国有50多个州。其中之一的肯塔基州是林肯出生的地方。

三、找出阅读篇章中的定语从句,并理解这些句子。

1.When he was17 years old, he traveled across Europe and Asia with his father, who wanted to do trade with the Chinese.

2. He was very impressed by Beijing and the Emperor's Palace, especially the Summer Palace which he described as "The greatest palace that ever was... ”

3.There were inventions and developments in China which were not available in Europe at that time.

4.However, Marco was lucky enough to meet another prisoner who enjoyed listening to his stories about China.

5.The prisoner then wrote the stories in a book called The Description of the World, which became one of the best-selling books in Europe. (L30)

读得懂：

在认得出的基础上，理解含定语从句的句子。

关键：弄清楚逻辑关系，把各个从句剔出来单独理解，再灵活处理把大意拼凑起来，构成整个长句的意思，就可降低长句的理解难度，准确理解文意。

在理解含定语从句的句子时，一定要考虑到中英文的表达习惯。常见的理解方式有以下几种：

一、前置法:把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。

Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.

太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。

二、后置法:把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句。

单独把定语从句翻译出来的话，并重复先行词，还可以用代词代替先行词来重复。

I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。

They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.

他们制定出一种新方案，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。

三、融合法:把定语从句和它所修饰的先行词结合在一起翻译。

There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.楼下有人要见你

A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded.

司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。

He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for

尽管他并没有这样的需要，他坚持要再买一幢房子

He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter.

为了引起公众对这一事件的注意，他想写一篇文章。

She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.

她对孩子们很有耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。

In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。