静态动词教学内容
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静态动词
静态动词
英语静态动词是没有进行式的动词。主要包括状态、拥有、感到(认知、情感)类的动词。
拥有是获得的结果,感到是看、听、摸、尝、闻、想的结果,喜欢、厌恶是情感的结果,都是状态,不是动作。所以没有进行式。
主动词按其基本词汇意义可以分为动态动词(Dynamic Verb)和静态动词(Stative Verb)。静态动词表示一种静止状态,
包括“存在”和“拥有”的动词,如be, have, own, belong, exist, hold(容纳)等;
含有静态动词be和have意义的动词,如apple to(适用于),belong to,differ from, cost,weigh,measure,fit(适合),hold(可容纳),lack,resemble等。例如:
表示度量的动词,如cost, weigh, measure等;
表示五官感觉的动词,如see, hear, taste, smell, fell等;
表示心理状态的动词,如 believe, think, know, remember, forget, understand, love, like ,hate, detest(讨厌)等。
静态动词的最主要语法特征是不用于进行体,若用进行体往往会改变含义,即变成了动态动词。例如:
He is being foolish(=is acting foolishly).
We’re having a wonderful time (=are enjoying ourselves).
比较:
He resembles his father.
He is resembling his father (=is becoming more and more like his father as the years go by.
This camera costs 140 dollars.
This mistake is costing us dearly (=is bringing great injury to us).
当表示感觉的动词用于表示主动含义时,便是动态动词。比较:
I (can) feel a pin in it somewhere. /I’m feeling(摸) this cushion.
I (can)taste pepper in it / I’m tasting (品尝)this soup.
See和hear用于进行体也通常改变意义。例如:
I am hearing (=attending) lectures at the university.
He is seeing (=visiting) the sights.
但是,表示肉体感觉的动词,如ache, feel, hurt等,用进行体和不用进行体均可,含义不变。例如:
My foot aches / is aching.
I don’t feel / I am not feeling very tired.
表示心理或情感状态的动词用于进行体时通常改变含义:
Be quiet. I’m thinking (=giving thought to a problem).
Surely you’re imaging things (=entertaining or indulging yourself with illusions).
Now you’re understanding (=beginning to understand ) this a little better.
但在口语中,间或也有用进行体而不改变含义的情况。例如:
How do you like this hot weather ? / How are you liking this hot weather?
还有少数几个动词用进行体表示婉转口气的用法也属于这一类情况。例如:
Were you wanting to see me?
I’m hoping you’ll look after the children for us.