中英文翻译

毕业论文英文翻译资料题目：China western economy problemDiscuss院（系）：成人教育学院专业：经济学学生姓名：杨凯班级：20091197551学号：2009119755139指导教师：黄鉴妙2012年10月20 日China western economy problem discussWestern economy in recent years has made great development, GDP year average growth rate up, but the overall level of development is still in a relatively backward state, western economic development is not only related to the western region of the people's living standards, but also related to the national stability and unity. This article from the economic resource element to set out, through the population, capital, resources present situation analysis, focused on the macroscopic policy of the government, a description of the development of western economic necessity, and try to explain its economy to develop the reason of lag and the existing problems.China western area, because of geographical, climate, history, humanities, and many other reasons, resulting in its economic development compared to the eastern region is serious lag, although since reforming and opening, western region economy development to a certain extent, but the local economic development remains slow, especially as Tibet, Xinjiang and other minority Autonomous region. Therefore, the concrete will from the following several aspects carries on the analysis discussion.A western region economy development situation and characteristic.On Resources -- the advantage of rich resources has not been transformed into real economic dominant position.1 natural resources: western grassland, forest, water, mineral, energy is very rich in natural resources. This is western economic development favorable conditions. It has been found that the mineral is amounted to 100 a variety of, reserves of ascertain mineral products ranks the top five have a dozen, but due to transportation, energy, technology and other aspects, the development and utilization of mineral resources is not enough.2 energy resources: most of the western region, high elevation and low latitude, intense solar radiation, total radiation values close to the maximum, in the world after sub-Saharan Africa, the wealth of the development and utilization of solar energy has great potential. In addition, the western land resource large area ranks first in the nation; energy reserves in the forefront of the country; the forest resources, plant resources, animal resources are of inestimable prospect, but these advantages have not yet into the advantages of industry development.3 human resources: human resources include a variety of cultural resources, such as language, dress, music, drama, religious and rich historical and cultural resources. For example, Tibet has spread throughout the rich ethnic characteristics of traditional cultural resources, in order to Tibetan Buddhist culture as the core of the national traditional culture. The world cultural heritage -- Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple, Buddhist temple and traditional Tibetan style is the Tibet cultural industries relying on resources. But because the infrastructure is backward, especially the traffic condition ispoor, the cultural resources development utilization rate is low, the cultural industry has just begun sprouting.4: the central government policy resources always will be the West as a national special poor areas to care and support, for western developed a series of policies and flexible measures. As one of China's five ethnic autonomous regions are located, West enjoy many preferential policies and treatment. Only in the reform and development in thirty years since, the central has several held western development work conference, western has formulated a series of preferential policies. In addition, the West also has a strong policy of flexible space, there are conditions to develop and implement some special policies, such as the western people development production has good mobility and promoting effect. In the mainland provinces ( area), can enjoy these preferential policies for the treatment of the only western area.Two. Education resources shortage, low labor quality.Western although the area natural resources is very rich, but the social resource is lacked very however, causing the main reason is western area 's level of education, education resources and education system of general lag. From the roots to illustrate the problem, western area with much land and few people, productivity level is low in the East, is not conducive to the promotion of the city, this will result in local government cannot concentrate advantage power in quality education base. To this, the central and local governments should strengthen western area population density, the initial formation of town dimensions, concentrate advantage resource construction of high quality teaching base, the central and local governments should give support energetically. At the same time, we should strengthen the occupation education, improve the quality of laborer; in large and medium-sized city, colleges and universities should be listed as an important support object, increase scientific research expenditure, the students' study and life to grant, form a complete set of perfect talent training mode, strengthen western the foundation of big development resources -- human resources development and improvement.Three. The extensive economic development mode should transition to intensive model of economic development.Since the founding of the PRC, western economy although there is a certain degree of development, but in the economic development behind, there is a resource exploitation utilization and serious destruction of ecological environment, to this, we should be rational knowledge to, GDP growth behind, most of them are false, we should use the " green GDP" method to measure a region's economic development level, the western region industry structural adjustment and economic transition be imperative, to carry out the sustainable development strategy, this is not only in conformity with the requirements of the scientific outlook on development, but also accords with the benefit of the future generations of requirements. Therefore, specifically from the following severalaspects of economic restructuring and adjustment:1 strengthen the examination of various industrial sewage to discharge, did not meet the enterprises should limit for rectification, the rectification is not qualified to be ordered to shut down. At the same time, the government should intensify efforts to control the environment, environmental awareness, consciously cultivate the habit of protect environment is very high, people's awareness of environmental protection.2 to strengthen the development of high and new technology enterprises. The local government should reduce the access threshold of high-tech enterprises, and in the circumstances allow proper tax reduction or exemption, good business development of logistics, it is not only conducive to the development of our country's high-tech industry, but also can promote western economic ring to maintain growth, full employment.3 rational development and utilization of wind, solar, geothermal energy and other natural resources. The area has be richly endowed by nature 's natural resources, if local government in this respect, pay attention to the development and utilization, its economic benefits, environmental benefits are very considerable.Four. The problem of industrial structure presence and adjustment measures.Adjust industrial structure, stimulative economy grows the change of means, it is implementation western economy society spans type development strategy choice. In the center of western informal discussion of job put forward clearly to western economy grows main task: the stable development of the first industry, focusing on the development of the second industry, vigorously develop the tertiary industry, prosperity and social undertakings, to lay a good foundation for the long-term development.For example, since the founding of the PRC, Tibet autonomous region industrial structure evolution is composed of the following characteristics:In 1 the tertiary industry the proportion in GDP has been on the rise. In 2002 exceeded 50%, reaching 51% in 2003. Look from countrywide circumstance, the tertiary industry in 2002 more than 50% only Beijing, Shanghai and Tibet. According to the general law of the development of the industry, the tertiary industry accounted for GDP accounted for more than 50%, is generally considered to enter a more developed economy society's symbol, is the so-called " hind industrial society " feature, this and Tibet's actual development level does not match.2 of second industries in Tibet three industrial development process had high speed growth. According to the three law of the development of industries, the first is the development of the first industry, followed by the development of the second industry, namely, industrialized process, and then in the first and second industry, the full development of the tertiary industry development based on the. Tibet's situation is the second industry peaked in 1979, 27.7%, 1988 second industry in thethree industry in the proportion fell to the lowest level since 1959 11.9%. Tibet economy not formed the "two or three, " or "two, three, " the industrial structure, the second industry never played as the first.3 the first industry declined. According to the trend of change of structure of industry, along with the growth of GDP per capita, the first industry the proportion in GDP declined. In 1984 Tibet the first industry basically stable dropped below 50% in 1997, later reduced to 40%, 2001 to drop to below 30% in 2003, the proportion of the first industry has been ranked third. From the three times industry adjustment proportion, agricultural structural adjustment already obtained corresponding achievement.Now the western economic industrial structure, although the basic form of benign development pattern, but the three industrial structure interior not coordinate. The data indicates that the tertiary industry, the increase in the value of the 60% or so from the central finance allowance, not only that, the tertiary industry in Tibet with apparent consumption, extensive features, to a national economy pulling effect is not obvious. Three big industry second industry in the western region in recent years, mainly to the construction, the construction industry in the proportion of the 60% above, this is central to western investment mainly concentrated in infrastructure construction to reflect, more western industrial development serious deficiencies in the performance of. Western industrial structure is unreasonable also performed in, industrial structure is not directly reflect the western area advantage, resource advantage and characteristics. Industrial structure adjustment should be based on this, in the consolidation and development of the first industry energetically on the foundation of the development of the second industry and the tertiary industry, especially in the characteristics of the product processing production should be somewhat greatly, but that is not the case, that the name of economic development to a certain extent is also dependent on the first industry, industrialized process also is very long.Relative to the East, the western area development pattern is too monotonous, mainly rely on an industry -- agriculture. As everyone knows, the western area of barren land, rely on agriculture to the development of the local economy is an utterly inadequate measure, not to the economic development of the target, and the two industry -- industry in the western region development is lag, in view of this, the central government should actively guide the local government to develop the tertiary industry, tourism is the main industry in the development of the tourism industry, once developed, other three industries -- transportation industry, catering industry and so on will soon drive up, therefore, the local government should from the following aspects to:1 the development of local cultural characteristics. The area has very much the minority, the local government should guide the minority areas develop their own national culture, so in retain their nationality essence and attract tourists visit, tourism, promoting the three industry development.2 to strengthen the protection and development of natural landscape. The area has many of China's natural landscape and the world intangible cultural heritage, if the energy of these scenic landscape protection and development, for the development of tourism is a very broad prospect.3 three times to accelerate industrial development, the government should solve western region economy development bottleneck problem, namely the government should accelerate the improvement of the infrastructure construction in west.In five, western region economy gross low, farming herdsman income growth is slow, urban and rural difference is pulled big.In Tibet and Xinjiang autonomous regions, with the mainland and the widening of the income gap, Tibet area farming herdsman income is lower than the national average, and the income of urban residents in Tibet are higher than the national average, 2004 countrywide town dweller year average income is 6907 yuan, and the corresponding period of Tibet town dweller year average income is as high as 7912 yuan, is the 114% of national average level, the income gap between urban and rural areas is not only significant in Tibet and more than the national average, and this difference still is continueing to pull big, therefore, the market mechanism can't adjust economy and occurs in a variety of problems, need government carries out the following necessary control:1, accelerate western area rural development, accelerate urban and rural economic integration, the western region to reduce and eliminate " two yuan of structure of urban and rural economy ", realize economic modernization, must be based on the combination of urban and rural, complementary advantages, mutual service, the principle of coordinated development of urban and rural economy two yuan, breaking the boundaries, execute unified program, unified industry policy, unified and coordinated management, reasonable division of labor and cooperation, and gradually realize the integration of urban and rural economy, industrialization and city change synchronous development. In 2 the government should use more fiscal policies to control, through tax, all kinds of relief subsidies of transfer payments rise western rural residents disposable income.3 introduced the relevant benefit farming policy Huimin to solve urban and rural difference plays big phenomenon.Six, about the money. The government should help energetically western area, the formation of the western economy "hematopoiesis " mechanism, so that the rapid economic growth.1 when the western economy is underdeveloped, the country should increase the investment of the west, not to move or retreat carry out carry out " western big development " strategic thought, eliminate the bottleneck that economy grows effect, rise western area residents' welfare level, and increase social total demand.2 similar reconstruction after Wenchuan earthquake experience -- eastern provinces counterparts in disaster aid method, namely eastern developed provinces and municipalities to make aid westernunderdeveloped provinces and autonomous regions.3 in line with sustainable development under the guidance of the idea, the central government can to the west the area increases the introduction of foreign capital to the development of local economy. Seven, the development of border trade.Western area with more than 10 countries border on, and there is a long line of terrestrial border land, mineral resources, water resources, biological resources and tourism resources are relatively rich, but economy is relatively backward, therefore, should make great efforts to open, the opening of the gold zone, as open to the outside world frontier, efforts to develop border trade, including the development of border economic development strategy planning, do a good job in port construction, establishing trade base, do well the trade products production, strengthen trade management, exert oneself through the border trade to promote western border area transportation, information, tourism development.Eight, coordinating development of economy and society, material civilization and spiritual civilization construction to pay equal attention to.Economy and society is in the western region of the two subsystems, both and mutual promote, indispensable. Economic development is the foundation of social development, science and technology, education, instead, medical, cultural career revitalize, ideological and political work, moral education, democracy and legal education, strengthening population control and other social development and support and promote economic development. Therefore, in the actual construction should adhere to the harmonious development of economy and society, material civilization and spiritual civilization progress jointly.To sum up, the implementation of the western development strategy, accelerate the development of the western region, to expand domestic demand, spur economic growth, enhance national power, contractible area difference, promote common prosperity, strengthening the national unity and social stability, consolidating frontier defense, and enhance China's international status has an important significance and far-reaching impact. Therefore, in the process of western great development, western, Eastern and central to the three forces to form resultant force, in order to achieve the desired effect. Western development is the most fundamental force is on the western region of the vast number of cadres and the masses of the people, therefore, western area people should establish master thought, independent, self-reliance, to carry forward the spirit, work hard and perseveringly rely through one's own efforts. At the same time, in the development of Western mentioned above, in some aspects of the condition is poorer, and eight, ninety in the eastern development period compared with big development, the task is more formidable, need longer. The eastern region of the cadres and the masses should establish overall situation concept, actively support, improve and strengthen the targeted aid and various forms of cooperation, mutual benefit,common development. The central government should take " the market mechanism, economic means " mode and " plan mechanism, administrative means " model of combining, appropriate concentration of financial resources, increase right western area finance move to pay strength, expand western region public investment scale, developed to support the western development policy, various departments of the central government shall adopt various forms to help and support, accelerate western area politics, economy, cultural development. At the same time, the western development process, should pay attention to implementation population, resource, environment and economy, the coordinated development of society, the fragile ecological environment of western region, along with the development of industry, the pollution of the environment can not be ignored. Therefore, in the development construction must implement a sustainable development strategy.中国西部经济问题的探讨西部经济近几年有了很大的发展，GDP年平均增长率加快，但其总体发展水平仍处于相对落后状态，西部经济的发展不仅关系着西部地区人民的生活水平的提高，同时也关系着国家的安定团结。