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Battery electric vehicle

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For electric vehicles other than battery powered vehicles, see electric vehicle. For passenger electric vehicles, see electric car. For the batteries themselves, see electric vehicle battery.

A battery electric vehicle (BEV), battery-only electric vehicle (BOEV) or all-electric

vehicle is a type ofelectric vehicle (EV) that uses chemical energy stored in rechargeable battery packs. BEVs use electric motors and motor controllers instead of internal combustion engines (ICEs) for propulsion. They derive all power from battery packs and thus have no internal combustion engine, fuel cell, or fuel tank. BEVs include bicycles, scooters,

skateboards, rail cars, watercraft, forklifts, buses, trucks and cars.

Cumulative global sales of highway-capable light-duty pure electric vehicles passed the one million unit milestone in September 2016. As of December 2016, the world's top selling highway legal all-electric car in history is the Nissan Leafwith global sales of over 250,000 units, followed by the Tesla Model S with more than 158,000 units delivered worldwide.[1][2]

Contents

∙1Terminology

∙2Vehicles by type

∙ 2.1Rail

∙ 2.2Electric bus

∙ 2.2.1Thunder Sky

∙ 2.2.2Free Tindo

∙ 2.2.3First Fast-Charge, Battery-Electric Transit Bus ∙ 2.3Electric trucks

∙ 2.4Electric vans

∙ 2.5Electric cars

∙ 2.6Special-purpose vehicles

∙ 2.7Two- and three-wheeled vehicles

∙ 2.8Electric boats

∙3Technology

∙ 3.1Motors

∙ 3.2Motor controllers

∙4See also

∙5References

∙6Further reading

∙7External links

Terminology

See also: Hybrid electric vehicle, Plug-in hybrid, and Plug-in electric vehicle

Vehicles using both electric motors and internal combustion engines are examples of hybrid electric vehicles[3], and are not considered pure or all-electric vehicles because they cannot be externally charged (operate in charge-sustaining mode) and instead they are continually recharged with power from the internal combustion engine and regenerative braking.[4]

Hybrid vehicles with batteries that can be charged externally to displace some or all of their internal combustion engine power and gasoline fuel are calledplug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), and run as BEVs during their charge-depleting mode. PHEVs with

a series powertrain are also called range-extended electric vehicles (REEVs), such as

the Chevrolet Volt and Fisker Karma.

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are a subcategory of electric vehicles that includes battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid vehicles, (PHEVs), andelectric vehicle conversions of hybrid electric vehicles and conventional internal combustion

engine vehicles.[4][5]

In China, plug-in electric vehicles, together with hybrid electric vehicles are called new energy vehicles (NEVs).[6] However, in the United States, neighborhood electric

vehicles (NEVs) are battery electric vehicles that are legally limited to roads with posted speed limits no higher than 45 miles per hour (72 km/h), are usually built to have a top speed of 30 miles per hour (48 km/h), and have a maximum loaded weight of 3,000 lbs.[7]

Vehicles by type

The concept of battery electric vehicles is to use charged batteries on board vehicles for propulsion. Battery electric cars are becoming more and more attractive with the advancement of new battery technology (Lithium Ion) that have higher power and energy density (i.e., greater possible acceleration and more range with fewer batteries) and higher oil prices.[8] BEVs include automobiles, light trucks, and neighborhood electric vehicles.

Rail

∙Battery electric railcars:

Main article: Battery electric multiple unit

∙Locomotives:

Main article: Battery-electric locomotive

∙Electric rail trolley:

Main article: Cater MetroTrolley

Electric bus

Main article: Battery electric bus