生态女性主义论文：对和谐世界的追寻

生态女性主义论文：对和谐世界的追寻

【中文摘要】左拉·赫斯顿是美国20世纪一位杰出的黑人女作家、民俗学家和人类学家。《眼望上苍》是左拉·赫斯顿的代表作,被当今美国文学界和批评界誉为黑人文学的经典,女性主义文学的经典和20世纪美国文学的经典。赫斯顿的代表作《眼望上苍》可以从多种角度进行解读。本文主要运用生态女性主义理论来分析《眼望上苍》。生态女性主义着重研究文学、文化、自然和女性之间的关系。作为文学批评的一个分支,生态女性主义从自然和女性双重视角对文学文本进行研究,以改变自然和女性同被视为他者和边缘的地位,从而促进人们生态意识和女性意识的觉醒。生态女性主义者视自然为女性的朋友,认为父权制文化对自然和女性的压迫是一致的。它致力于从文学批评视角调查研究环境问题和性别问题,从而改变人们对待自然与女性的观点和态度,推进自然世界和人类社会,男性和女性关系的和谐发展。《眼望上苍》探索了现今存在的人类与自然及其他物种之间,男性与女性之间的关系。它触及生态女性主义所涉及的话题,如性别、父权制等,并希望建立一个和谐的、生机勃勃的世界,这个世界的所有组成部分皆处于平等地位,共同构成有机的统一整体。生态女性主义采取积极的行动主义寻找文本中自然和女性的缺场,倡导生态和文化多元化,并主张解构主宰西方社会的二元对立的文化思考模式。在这种思考模式下,黑人女性和自然都是被逻各斯中心文化压迫的对象,即黑人女性的身体同自然一样被视为显示男性权利的客体。

本论文以黑人女性骡子般的命运为出发点,结合生态女性主义的一些

基本观点来分析作品中男性对黑人女性的压迫和对自然的剥削之间

的相互联系。本文旨在通过主人公珍妮反抗父权制社会的压迫,亲近

自然,追求自我完善来解构人类中心主义和颠覆父权制,并倡导建立

一个人类与自然、男性与女性以及各种生物和谐共处的理想世界。

【英文摘要】Zora Hurston is a prominent Afro-American female writer, folklorist, and anthropologist. As her masterpiece, Their Eyes Were Watching God is considered as the literary classic of black Americans, the literary classic of feminism and the American literary classic in the 20th century by the American litterateurs and critics.As Hurston’s masterpiece, Their Eyes Were Watching God can be interpreted in a variety of angles. This thesis attempts to study Their Eyes Were Watching God based on ecofeminist theory. Ecofeminism focuses on studying the relationship among literature, culture, nature, and female. As a branch of literary criticism, ecofeminism studies on the literary text from the double perspectives of women and nature so as to change the other and marginalized position of women and nature. Finally it devotes to awakening humans’ecological consciousness and feminist consciousness. Ecofeminists regard nature as female’s friend. They think that patriarchal culture’s oppressions on women and

nature are consistent. It is committed to research on the environmental issues and gender issues from the perspective of literary criticism. Its aim is to change the way of humans’views and attitudes towards women and nature. And it also can accelerate the harmonious development of relationship between natural world and human society, and the relationship between men and women.Their Eyes Were Watching God explores the existent relationship among human beings, nature and other species, and the relationship between men and women. It touches upon the topics of ecofeminism, such as gender, patriarchy, etc. The author hopes to build up a harmonious and vital world, in which all elements are equal and they constitute an organic unity. Ecofeminism takes a positive action to search for the absences of nature and female in texts. It advocates ecological and cultural diversity and claims to deconstruct the thinking mode of western binary oppositional culture, which is in the dominant position. Under the influences of this mode, both women and nature are objects oppressed by logocentrism. Taking the mule-like fate of black women as starting point, this thesis analyzes the mutual relationship between the oppression of black women and the exploitation of nature in a male-dominated society based on the basic ecofeminist ideas. By means of Janie’