unit 16 长句翻译

2、将整理出的各语义点按汉语表达习惯重新排列。
(1)It would take me an entire book to list all of the people I have known in my life who spent the majority of their lives as single people, but who were the undisputed focus of a large group of friends-- usually serving as problem-solvers, and widely respected and loved. * It would take me an entire book to list（1）all of the people I have known in my life who spent the majority of their lives as single people（2）, but who were the undisputed focus of a large group of friends（3）-- usually serving as problem-solvers, and widely respected and loved（4）. 我毕生认识了许多人，他们一生中大部分时间都是单身 （2），但在朋友群中却无可非议地是个核心人物（3）。他 们经常帮人解决问题，广受尊敬，广受爱戴（4）。要把这 些人的姓名一一列出的话，恐怕要写一本书（1）。
【分析】先看句子结构,
原文句子主干结构为there are also people who object to…，在该there be 存在 句型中， people后面有一个由who引导的定语从句， 其中，on the grounds的后面跟有三个由that引导的 同位语从句，这三个同位语从句是句子翻译是否成功 的关键。原译文似乎无原则性错误，但显得苍白无 力，过于单调；改译后增加了表明次序的词，句子脉 络清晰，是地道的汉语。 【改译】 也有一些人对童话故事持反对的态度，他们 主要基于以下三点理由：一是童话故事客观上并不真 实；二是那些所谓的巨人啦、双头龙啦、魔毯啦什么 的并不存在；三是应该教授儿童怎样通过学习历史知 识和力学知识来适应这个世界，而不是沉溺于虚幻的 童话世界中。

Байду номын сангаас
No/Not…but…
There
are no parents but wish to please their children. There is not a single person among us but agrees on the proposal. There is scarcely a man but has his weak side. There is no rule but has exceptions. There is no one but wishes to go. There were few of us but admire his courage.
STAGE II: PRESENTATION
Step
5: enter on a tentative translation of each sentence division Step 6: rearrangement and synthesis（合成） Step 7: finishing polishing

(2) I wondered how she would feel if she learned that the Negro before whom she had behaved in such an unladylike manner was habitually a white man.
Exercise for last lecture
【例1】
Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading. 【?】 学会阅读变得越来越容易了，尤其 是当老师创造出一个学生可以在其中得到 机会去通过学会阅读来解决阅读问题的环 境的时候。
1、理顺原句内部关系，理出句中包含的各语义点
（1）The fact that the average Englishman's home has become his workshop is partly because he is keen on working with his hands and partly because he feels, for one reason or another that he must do for himself many household jobs for which, some years ago, he would have hired professional help. Structure：the fact that …is partly because… and partly because… 普通英国人的家已经成了自家的工场，一方面是因为 他热衷于自己动手干，另一方面是因为出于某种原因， 他觉得许多家务活必须自己干，而这些活在几年前他 会雇专人来干的。
【分析】原译文缺少动感，内容的安排
也不尽如人意；改译使用逆序技巧，重 新调整了句子结构，将句子重心后移， 因果关系非常明确，行文十分畅达。 【改译】 一辆货柜车与一辆逆向行驶的 赛车迎面相撞，致使6车发生连环追尾 事故，造成至少6死8伤。
【例3】
There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in a fairy tale, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. 【？】 反对童话故事的人认为：童话并不真 实；巨人啦、双头龙啦、魔毯啦什么的并不存 在；孩子不应该沉溺在虚幻的童话中，而应教 他们学习历史和技巧来适应这个世界。
Correct
comprehension, therefore, is always the first and foremost（首要的） step; and the dialectical（辩 证的） unity of faithfulness and smoothness is always what we should strive to achieve. This means we have to begin with a careful analysis of a long and complex sentence in the light of the context so as to understand clearly: (a) what the author is driving at? (b) what his argument or views are, and what "logic sequence" there is in the original; (e) what grammatical relations there are among the three, four, five, or even more "modifiers" in the long sentence to be translated.
【例2】 At
least six people were killed and eight others injured in a six car pileup as a result of a head-on collision between a delivery lorry and a sports car driving on the wrong side of the road. 【？】 在一次6辆车连环追尾事故中至少有 6人死亡，8人受伤，这一事故是由一辆卡车 和一辆误道行驶的赛车正面相撞造成的。
【分析】这是一个主从复合形长句，
Learning to read is made easier是句子主干 结构，后面是又when引导的状语从句，但这 个从句在这里并不表示时间，而是一个暗含的 条件句式，可理解为“如果……”或“只 要……”。原译未能摆脱原文句型桎梏，还误 会了when引导的从句作用，所以句义不够明 确；改译将原句结构按汉语习惯进行了调整， 先讲条件，再陈述结论，符合汉语习惯。 【改译】如果老师给学生创造出通过阅读来解 决学会阅读的机会，学习阅读就变得更加容易 了。
* I wondered （1）how she would feel（2）if she learned that the Negro（3）before whom she had behaved in such an unladylike manner （4）was habitually a white man（3）. 我心中思衬（1），在一个黑人面前表现得如 此有失女士风度（4），倘若得知这个黑人其 实是白人时（3），不知她作何感想（2）。
STAGE I: COMPREHENSION
Step
1: present the long sentence in a skeleton
form Step 2: infer the main idea from the context and the whole text Step 3: distinguish between the principal and subordinate elements. Step 4: find out the interrelations between principal and subordinate clauses
1. TWO STAGES AND SEVEN STEPS IN TRANSLATING A LONG SENTENCE

As some scholars have pointed out, the process of translating a typical English long sentence consists of two stages which contains six or seven steps.
长句翻译

The translation of long sentence is perhaps the most difficult all in the process of EnglishChinese translation. The prerequisites（前提） for the correct handling of long and complex sentences in English-Chinese translation lie in the translator's correct comprehension of the original and, in his/her capability for adequate representation of the thought of the author in the language to be translated into.
Know better than….
I know better than to go swimming after dinner. 我不致笨得吃过饭就去游泳。 You should know better than to say a thing like that. 你不应该说这么一句话。 I know better than to be proud and demanding. 不过我很明白识体，不至于会纵骄，也不会苛求。 She should know better than to poke the animal with her umbrella. 她应当知道不该用伞去捅动物. You ought to know better than to trust her. 你应当明白（她这人不能相信）.