12月期末考试题

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《材料物理性能》期末考试试卷A卷及参考答案A,2019年12月

第 1 页#############材料科学与工程专业《材料物理性能》期末考试试卷（A) （后附参考答案及评分标准）考试时间：120分钟考试日期：2019年12月一、单项选择题。

（请将正确答案填入对应题号处，共 20 分，每题 2 分） 1. 关于材料热容的影响因素，下列说法中不正确的是。

A ．热熔是一个与温度相关的物理量，因此需要用微分来精确定义B ．实验证明，高温下化合物的热容可由柯普定律描述C ．德拜热容模型已经能够精确描述材料热容随温度的变化D ．材料热容与温度的精确关系一般由实验来确定2. 晶格的热传导必须用声子的（1）近似来解释，此时的声子（2）理想气体，因为声子之间（3）碰撞。

A ．（1）简谐（2）是（3）不发生B ．（1）非简谐（2）是（3）发生C ．（1）近自由电子（2）不是（3）发生D ．（1）紧束缚（2）不是（3）不发生3. 在评价电介质的主要电学性能指标中，属于导电性性能指标的是_________。

A ．介电常数B ．耐电强度C ．损耗因素D ．体电阻率与表面电阻率年级专业姓名学号装订线4. 附图是导体、半导体、绝缘体在热力学温度T = 0 K时的能带结构图。

其中属于绝缘体的能带结构是。

A. (1)B. (2)C. (1)、(3)D. (3)5. 如果(1)锗用锑(五价元素)掺杂，(2)硅用铝(三价元素)掺杂，则获得的半导体分别属于下述类型：。

A．(1)、(2)均为n型半导体B．(1)为n型半导体，(2)为p型半导体C. (1)为p型半导体，(2)为n型半导体D．(1)、(2)均为p型半导体6. 根据电介质的分类，H2O属于。

A．非极性电介质B．极性电介质C．铁电体D．铁磁体7. 对于顺磁体与抗磁体，下面表述正确的是__________。

A．正常顺磁体的磁化率随温度变化而变化，反常顺磁体的磁化率与温度无关B．不论是正常顺磁体，还是反常顺磁体，其磁化率都随温度变化而变化C．正常抗磁体的磁化率随温度变化而变化，反常抗磁体的磁化率与温度无关D．不论是正常抗磁体，还是反常抗磁体，其磁化率都与温度无关8. 下面列举的磁性中属于强磁性的是。

辽宁省大连市2022-2023学年高一上册12月期末考试数学试卷(含解析)

辽宁省大连市2022-2023学年高一上册12月期末考试数学试卷（含解析）第Ⅰ卷（选择题）一、单项选择题（本大题共8小题，每题5分，共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．）1.已知集合{}1,2,3,4A =，集合()(){}130B x x x =+-<，则A B = （）A.{}1,0,1,2,3- B.{}1,2,3 C.{}1,2 D.{}2【答案】C2.已知向量()1,2a =r ，(),4b x =- ，且//a b r r，则实数x =（）A.2B.1C.1- D.2-【答案】D3.若1x ，2x ，…，10x 的方差为2，则131x +，231x +，…，1031x +的方差是（）A.18B.7C.6D.2【答案】A4.中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会于2022年10月16日在北京开幕．党的二十大报告鼓舞人心，内涵丰富．某学校党支部评选了5份优秀学习报告心得体会（其中教师2份，学生3份），现从中随机抽选2份参展，则参展的优秀学习报告心得体会中，学生、教师各一份的概率是（）A.120 B.35C.310D.910【答案】B5.下列函数中，其图像如图所示的函数为（）A.13y x-= B.23y x=C.13y x = D.23y x -=【答案】A6.“北溪”管道泄漏事件的爆发，使得欧洲能源供应危机成为举世瞩目的国际公共事件．随着管道泄漏，大量天然气泄漏使得超过8万吨类似甲烷的气体扩散到海洋和大气中，将对全球气候产生灾难性影响．假设海水中某种环境污染物含量P （单位：mg L ）与时间t （单位：天）间的关系为：0ektP P -=⋅，其中0P 表示初始含量，k 为正常数．令2121P P t t μ-=-为[]12,t t 之间海水稀释效率，其中1P ，2P 分别表示当时间为1t 和2t 时的污染物含量．某研究团队连续20天不间断监测海水中该种环境污染物含量，按照5天一期进行记录，共分为四期，即(]0,5，(]5,10，(]10,15，(]15,20分别记为Ⅰ期，Ⅱ期，Ⅲ期，Ⅳ期，则下列哪个时期的稀释效率最高（）．A.Ⅰ期B.Ⅲ期C.Ⅲ期D.Ⅳ期【答案】A7.已知0x >，0y >，且满足20x y xy +-=，则92x y+的最大值为（）A.9 B.6 C.4D.1【答案】D8.已知定义域为D 的函数()f x ，若1x D ∀∈，都2x D ∃∈，满足()122x f x a +=，则称函数()f x 具有性质()P a ．若函数()f x 具有性质()1P ，则“()f x 存在零点”是“2D ∈”的（）A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件【答案】B二、多项选择题（本大题共4小题，每题5分，共20分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，有多项符合题目要求，全部选对的得5分，有选错的得0分，部分选对的得2分．）9.十六世纪中叶，英国数学家雷科德在《砺智石》一书中首先把“＝”作为等号使用，后来英国数学家哈利奥特首次使用“＜”和“＞”符号，不等号的引入对不等式的发展影响深远．若a ，b ，R c ∈，则下列命题正确的是（）A.若0ab ≠且a b <，则11a b> B.若a b >，01c <<，则a bc c <C.若1a b >>，1c >，则log log a b c c<D.若1a b <<-，0c >，则c ca b b a ⎛⎫⎛⎫> ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭【答案】BCD10.同时掷红、蓝两枚质地均匀的骰子，事件A 表示“两枚骰子的点数之和为5”，事件B 表示“红色骰子的点数是偶数”，事件C 表示“两枚骰子的点数相同”，事件D 表示“至少一枚骰子的点数是奇数”，则（）A.A 与C 互斥B.B 与D 对立C.A 与D 相互独立D.B 与C 相互独立【答案】AD11.已知点P 为ABC 所在平面内一点，且230PA PB PC ++=，若E 为AC 的中点，F 为BC 的中点，则下列结论正确的是（）A.向量PA 与PC可能平行B.点P 在线段EF 上C.:2:1PE PF =D.::1:2:3PAB PAC PBC S S S =△△△【答案】BC12.已知函数()()21350f x x x x =+->，()22e2xf x x =+-，()3ln 24f x x x =+-的零点分别为1x ，2x ，3x ，则下列结论正确的是（）A.123x x x <<B.232x x +=C.()310f x <D.()()3223f x f x =【答案】BC第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）三、填空题（本大题功4小题，每小题5分，共20分．）13.2log 522log 4+=______．【答案】714.已知向量a ，b满足()1,2a =- ，(),1b x =r ，3a b += ，则实数x =______．【答案】115.在考察某中学的学生身高时，采用分层抽样的方法抽取男生24人，女生16人，得到了男生的平均身高是170cm ，女生的平均身高是165cm ，则估计该校全体学生的平均身高是______cm ．【答案】16816.函数()()()224f x xxax b =-++满足：x ∀∈R ，都有()()20222024f x f x -=-，则函数()f x 的最大值为______．【答案】16四、解答题（本大题共6小题，共70分，解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤）17.如图所示，在ABC 中，D 为BC 边上一点，且2BD DC =．过D 点的直线EF 与直线AB 相交于E 点，与直线AC 相交于F 点（E ，F 两点不重合）．（1）用AB，AC 表示AD；（2）若AE AB λ=，AF AC μ=，求12λμ+的值．【答案】（1）1233AD AB AC=+（2）3.【解析】【小问1详解】在ABD △中，由AD AB BD =+,又2BD DC =，所以23BD BC =，所以23AD AB BD AB BC=+=+ ()23AC ABAB =+- 2233AB ACAB =-+ 1233AB AC =+【小问2详解】因为1233AD AB AC =+ ，又AE AB λ= ，AF ACμ=所以1AB AE λ= ，1AC AF μ=，所以3231A E D A A F μλ=+，又,,D E F 三点共线，且A 在线外，所以有：12133λμ+=，即123λμ+=.18.已知集合{}13A x x =-≤≤，集合{}22,R B x m x m m =-≤≤+∈．（1）若{}03A B x x ⋂=≤≤，求实数m 的值；（2）若:p x A ∈，R :q x B ∈ð，且p 是q 的充分条件，求实数m 的取值范围．【答案】（1）2m =（2）{5m m >或}3m <-．【解析】【小问1详解】因为{}03A B x x ⋂=≤≤，所以2023m m -=⎧⎨+≥⎩，所以21m m =⎧⎨≥⎩，所以2m =；【小问2详解】{R 2B x x m =<-ð或}2x m >+，:p x A ∈，R :q x B ∈ð，且p 是q 的充分条件由已知可得R A B ⊆ð，所以23m ->或21m +<-，所以5m >或3m <-，故实数m 的取值范围为{5m m >或}3m <-．19.近年来，“直播带货”受到越来越多人的喜爱，目前已经成为推动消费的一种流行的营销形式．某直播平台800个直播商家，对其进行调查统计，发现所售商品多为小吃、衣帽、生鲜、玩具、饰品类等，各类直播商家所占比例如图1所示．（1）该直播平台为了更好地服务买卖双方，打算随机抽取40个直播商家进行问询交流．如果按照分层抽样的方式抽取，则应抽取小吃类、玩具类商家各多少家？（2）在问询了解直播商家的利润状况时，工作人员对抽取的40个商家的平均日利润进行了统计（单位：元），所得频率分布直方图如图2所示．请根据频率分布直方图计算下面的问题；（ⅰ）估计该直播平台商家平均日利润的中位数与平均数（结果保留一位小数，求平均数时同一组中的数据用该组区间的中点値作代表）；（ⅱ）若将平均日利润超过420元的商家成为“优秀商家”，估计该直播平台“优秀商家”的个数．【答案】（1）小吃类16家，玩具类4家；（2）（i ）中位数为342.9，平均数为352.5；（2）128.【解析】【小问1详解】()40125%15%10%5%5%16⨯-----=，4010%4⨯=，所以应抽取小吃类16家，玩具类4家.【小问2详解】（i ）根据题意可得()0.00130.0030.0050.007501a ⨯++++⨯=，解得0.002a =，设中位数为x ，因为()0.0010.003500.2+⨯=，()0.0010.0030.007500.55++⨯=，所以()3000.0070.20.5x -⨯+=，解得342.9x ≈，平均数为()2250.0012750.0033250.0073750.0054250.0024750.0015250.00150352.5⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯⨯=，所以该直播平台商家平均日利润的中位数为342.9，平均数为352.5.（ii ）4504200.0020.0010.0015080012850-⎛⎫⨯++⨯⨯=⎪⎝⎭,所以估计该直播平台“优秀商家”的个数为128.20.第56届世界乒乓球团体锦标赛于2022年在中国成都举办，国球运动又一次掀起热潮．现有甲乙两人进行乒乓球比赛，比赛采用7局4胜制，每局11分制，每赢一球得1分，选手只要得到至少11分，并且领先对方至少2分（包括2分），即赢得该局比赛．在一局比赛中，每人只发2个球就要交换发球权，如果双方比分为10：10后，每人发一个球就要交换发球权．（1）已知在本场比赛中，前三局甲赢两局，乙赢一局，在后续比赛中，每局比赛甲获胜的概率为35，乙获胜的概率为25，且每局比赛的结果相互独立，求甲乙两人只需要再进行两局比赛就能结束本场比赛的概率；（2）已知某局比赛中双方比分为8：8，且接下来两球由甲发球，若甲发球时甲得分的概率为23，乙发球时乙得分的概率为12，各球的结果相互独立，求该局比赛甲得11分获胜的概率．【答案】（1）925；（2）49.【解析】【小问1详解】设“甲乙两人只需要再进行两局比赛就能结束本场比赛”为事件A ，若两局比赛就能结束，则只能甲连胜两局，所以()3395525P A =⨯=；【小问2详解】设“该局比赛甲得11分获胜”为事件B ，甲得11分获胜有两类情况：甲连得3分，则甲11:8获胜；甲得3分，乙得1分，则甲11:9获胜，此时有三种情况，每球得分方分别为乙甲甲甲，甲乙甲甲，甲甲乙甲，所以()22112112111221143323322332233229P B =⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯=.21.已知函数()14xb f x a =++的定义域为R ，其图像关于点11,22⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭对称．（1）求实数a ，b 的值；（2）求122022202320232023f f f ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫+++ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭的值；（3）若函数()412log 22xg x f x x+⎛⎫=++ ⎪-⎝⎭，判断函数()g x 的单调性（不必写出证明过程），并解关于t 的不等式()()2121g t g t -++>．【答案】（1）2,2a b ==-（2）1011（3）103t -<<【解析】【小问1详解】有条件可知函数()f x 经过点11,22⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭，()()112210122f f f ⎧⎛⎫= ⎪⎪⎪⎝⎭∴⎨⎪+=⨯⎪⎩，即12112411114b a b b aa ⎧+=⎪⎪+⎨⎪+++=⎪++⎩，解得：2,2a b ==-，()2414242xx xf x -=+=++；【小问2详解】由于120222************1,1,,1202320232023202320232023+=+=+= ，1202222021101110121,1,,1202320232023202320232023f f f f f f ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫∴+=+=+= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭，1220221011202320232023f f f ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫+++= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭；【小问3详解】由于42log 2x y x +=-是奇函数，根据函数平移规则，()()12h x g x =-也是奇函数，并且由于()f x 是增函数，42log 2xy x+=-也是增函数，()h x ∴也是增函数，定义域为()2,2-不等式()()2121g t g t -++>等价于()()11212022g t g t --++->，即()()2120h t h t -++>，()()()2122h t h t h t ->-+=--，由于()h x 是增函数，2122212222t t t t ->--⎧⎪∴-<-<⎨⎪-<+<⎩，解得103t -<<；综上，（1）2,2a b ==-；（2）1220221011202320232023f f f ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫+++=⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭；（3）103t -<<.22.已知函数()f x 的图像与函数()31xg x =-的图像关于直线y x =对称，函数()()9log 1h x x a =-+．（1）若4a =，求()()()F x f x h x =⋅在[]0,4x ∈上的最大值；（2）设()()(){}max ,2H x f x h x =，[]0,4x ∈，求()H x 的最小值，其中{},max ,,a a ba b b a b ≥⎧=⎨<⎩．【答案】（1）()F x 在[]0,4x ∈上的最大值为12（2）()H x 的最小值()()()3min 33log 1,0log 1,082log 3,8a a a H x a a a ⎧-≤⎪⎪⎛⎫=+<<⎨ ⎪⎝⎭⎪⎪-≥⎩【解析】【小问1详解】解：因为函数()f x 的图像与函数()31xg x =-的图像关于直线y x =对称，即()f x 与()g x 互为反函数，所以()()3log 1f x x =+当4a =，有()()9log 41h x x =-+，则()()()()()3939log 1log 41log 1log 5F x x x x x =+⋅-+=+⋅-()()331log 1log 52x x =+⋅-，又[]0,4x ∈时，[][]11,5,51,5x x +∈-∈，所以()()33log 10,log 50x x +≥-≥，所以()()()()()()()()2233223333log 1log 511111log 1log 5log 15log 29222882x x F x x x x x x ⎛⎫++-⎡⎤=+⋅-≤=+-=--+≤ ⎪⎣⎦⎝⎭，当且仅当()()33log 1log 52x x x ⎧+=-⎨=⎩，即2x =时等号同时成立，所以()F x 在[]0,4x ∈上的最大值为12；【小问2详解】解：()()()9322log 1log 1h x x a x a =-+=-+，()()2f x h x <等价于11x x a +<-+，即x x a <-，因为[]0,4x ∈，当0a ≤时，x a x a x -=-≥恒成立，所以()()2f x h x ≤，则()()3log 1H x x a =-+，所以()H x 在[]0,4x ∈上单调递增，所以()()()min 30log 1H x H a ==-；当04a <<时，[)[],0,,,4a x x a x a x a x a ⎧-∈⎪-=⎨-∈⎪⎩，此时当0,2a x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦时，()()2f x h x <，当,42a x ⎛⎤∈ ⎥⎝⎦时，()()2f x h x >，所以()()()33log 1,0,2log 1,42a a x x H x a x x ⎧⎡⎤-+∈⎪⎢⎥⎪⎣⎦=⎨⎛⎤⎪+∈ ⎥⎪⎝⎦⎩，()H x 在0,2a x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递减，在,42a x ⎛⎤∈ ⎥⎝⎦上单调递增，所以()min 3log 122a a H x H ⎛⎫⎛⎫==+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭；当4a ≥时，x a a x -=-，当48a ≤<时，()H x 与上一种情况相同，所以()min 3log 122a a H x H ⎛⎫⎛⎫==+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭；当8a ≥时，x a a x x -=-≥恒成立，所以()()2f x h x <，则()()3log 1H x a x =-+，所以()H x 在[]0,4x ∈上单调递减，所以()()()min 34log 3H x H a ==-；综上，()H x 的最小值()()()3min 33log 1,0log 1,082log 3,8a a a H x a a a ⎧-≤⎪⎪⎛⎫=+<<⎨ ⎪⎝⎭⎪⎪-≥⎩.。

2022年苏州城市学院机械设计期末考试试题

苏州大学文正学院机械设计课程期末试卷（A 卷）共6页考试形式开卷（线上） 2022年12月系科年级专业学号姓名成绩一、选择题（单项选择，每题2分，共40分）1. 在有限寿命疲劳极限的符号rN 当中，N 表示寿命计算的。

A. 循环基数 B . 循环次数C. 寿命指数D. 寿命系数2. 由试验知，有效应力集中、绝对尺寸和表面状态只对有影响。

A. 应力幅 B .平均应力 C. 应力幅和平均应力3. 各种油杯中，可用于油脂润滑。

A. 针阀油杯B. 油绳式油杯C. 旋盖式油杯4. 被连接件是锻件或铸件时，应将安装螺栓处加工成小凸台或沉孔，其目的是。

A. 易拧紧B. 避免偏心载荷C. 增大接触面D. 外观好5. 在铰制孔用螺栓连接中，螺栓杆与孔的配合为。

A. 间隙配合B. 过渡配合C. 过盈配合6. 普通螺栓受横向载荷时，主要靠来承受横向载荷。

A. 螺栓杆的抗剪切能力B.螺栓杆的抗挤压能力C. 接合面的摩擦力7. 某螺栓的材料性能等级为6.8级，其数字6.8代表。

A. 对螺栓材料的强度要求B. 对螺栓的制造精度要求C. 对螺栓材料的刚度要求D. 对螺栓材料的耐腐蚀性要求8. 确定普通平键剖面尺寸b ×h 的依据是。

A.轴的转矩 B. 轴的直径 C.轴的材料9. 当键连接强度不足时可采用双键，使用两个平键时要求两键布置。

A.在同一直线上B.相隔90°C.相隔120°D.相隔180°10. V 带轮槽楔角与V 带楔角间的关系是。

A. B. C.11. 在普通V 带传动中，从动轮的圆周速度低于主动轮的圆周速度，则v 2<v 1，其速度损失常用滑动率121/)(v v v 表示，值随所传递的载荷的增加而。

A. 增大B. 减小C. 不变12. V 带轮轮槽与带的三种安装情况如图所示，其中种情况是正确的。

13. 一减速齿轮传动，主动轮1用45钢调质，从动轮2用45钢正火，则它们齿面接触应力的关系是。

河南省湘豫名校联考2022-2023学年高三上学期12月期末摸底考试英语试题

绝密★启用前湘豫名校联考2022年12月高三上学期期末摸底考试英语注意事项：1.本试卷共8页。

时间100分钟，满分120分。

答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷指定位置，并将姓名、考场号、座位号、准考证号填写在答题卡上，然后认真核对条形码上的信息，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

作答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并收回。

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AAre you fond of watching films?Does the colorful, natural, or spectacular scenery in the films attract you to travel to their locations? Although many films nowadays use many special effects, most scenes are captured in natural places, which can create lasting impressions on audiences. We have selected four beautiful film locations in China. Check them out!Xixi National Wetland Park & If You Are the OneLying in Hangzhou,East China's Zhejiang province,less than 5 kilometers from West Lake, Xixi National Wetland Park covers a total area of 11.5 square kilometers. It has rich ecological resources,beautiful natural scenery, and profound culture. Rivers, ponds, and lakes make up over 70 percent of the park, which is China's first national wetland park integrating（合并）urban，agricultural，and cultural wetlands.Great Bamboo Sea of China & Crouching Tiger,Hidden DragonThe Great Bamboo Sea of China,commonly known as the Anji Bamboo Sea,is a national 4A-level tourism attraction dominated by Moso bamboo forests located in Anji county, Huzhou, East China's Zhejiang province. It has been recognized as the largest ecological leisure and tourism area featuring bamboo culture in southeastern China.Moso bamboo grows all over the mountains in the scenic area, creating a magnificent landscape. The largest bamboo stalk（茎），which has been exhibited at the National Agricultural Exhibition Center,has a diameter of 17 centimeters, with most stalks having a diameter of more than 10 centimeters.Kaiping Diaolou Cultural Tourism Area & Let the Bullets FlyLocated to the southwest of the Pearl River Delta in South China's Guangdong province, Kaiping Diaolou Cultural Tourism Area is a well-known scenic spot that also serves as a base for scientific education. The magnificent and distinctive gardens,traditional and simple folk houses, and the diaolou (a multi-story folk residence)complexly joined with Chinese and Western architectural forms are wonderfully integrated with the surrounding mountains and rivers, ponds,farms, and rice fields in the tourism area.With a long history and profound cultural resources,Kaiping Diaolou was on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2007.Wulong Karst Tourism Area & Curse of the Golden Flowe rWulong Karst Tourism Area,located in Chongqing's Wulong district, has unique karst landscapes including three sections and also impresses visitors with distinctive folk customs of the Tujia, Miao, and Mulam ethnic groups.The Three Natural Bridges in Wulong is a rare geological wonder of typical karst landforms and is home to three magnificent natural limestone arch bridges. They span the Yangshuihe Canyon in parallel and connect the mountains on both sides,forming an unusual landscape of "three bridges sandwiched by two pits".1.Who will be most interested in the places above according to the text?A.Cyclists and tourists.B.Film fans and outdoor enthusiasts.C.Actors and geologists.cators and writers.2.What is special about Kaiping Diaolou Cultural Tourism Area?A.It offers a well-known scenic spot.B.It provides wonderful Western architectural forms.C.It is a rare geological wonder of typical land-forms.D.It was on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2007.3.What do the four places have in common?A.They are open to special events.B.They enjoy convenient transportation.C.They offer unique and spectacular scenery.D.They are located in the same part of China.BWhen I first met professor Dalecki,I respected him greatly. He walked in the class in formal business suits as if he was prepared fora conference. He greeted everyone with a loud and clear"Good morning"like Jon Stewart from Daily Show. Then he started introducing himself and told everyone his name is Jacek, atypical Polish name that no one knows how to pronounce. He shared his frustration with the class and said,"People have already invented more than ten odd ways of calling my name inthe past decade,and most Americans prefer to call me Jay-cek,but it is really ya-cek.”From that moment, I knew there was something about him that made him stand out among all the professors I'd known before.Professor Dalecki never believed in exams. He understood the huge workload that students have and never intended to make the exam questions hard for us to memorize.I once told him that I almost felt like the hell gate opened for me if I got a C. But he laughed and said,"If it were not for my loving girl friend giving me the exam questions,I can tell you I'd still be in high school somewhere in Warsaw."What impressed me most was the exten the would go to avoid bias（偏见）in the classroom. He could turn an entire class into a battleground where everybody gets excited for a heated debate while staying objective as a mediator（调解人）who refused to force his own opinions on any side.I visited him during his office hours once after class, eager to find out what his stances are on some of the issues we've covered in the class, so I asked,“In China, people really aren't that serious with when it is okay for teenagers to drink. What do you think of the minimum drinking age in America being set at 21?""I'm not supposed to answer that question,"he said."But why? You don't seem to take any side during the class and I'm just curious to hear how you really feel!""I choose not to share it because I don't want it to cloud your own judgments about how you think about certain things."At that moment,I finally understood how much effort it really took for Dalecki to let us do our thinking on our own. His incredible mindset（观念模式）still has a huge influence on me till this day. So I will end this article with his quote:"It is at this stage in the class that I must ask myself,'Did I lie to you?'"4.Why did professor Dalecki share his frustration with the class?A.Because he wanted to be comforted.B.Because he was really sad as his name was odd.C.Because he cared much about the pronunciation.D.Because he tried to introduce himself in a unique way.5.What did professor Dalecki want to express in Paragraph 2?A.To laugh at the author.B.To make himself stand out.C.To tell the author not to be nervous about the exams.D.To encourage the author to look for a girlfriend to help him.6.What does the underlined word“stances”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Circumstances.B.Altitudes.C.Attitudes.D.Performances.7.What can we learn from the text?A.Professor Dalecki is humorous and expert at education.B.Professor Dalecki is objective when dealing with our quarrels.C.Professor Dalecki once scolded the author in his office.D. Professor Dalecki always refuses to communicate with his students.CThere is a phenomenon education experts call"summer melt". High school students graduate with the best of intentions to go to college,even committing to a school,but then life happens: jobs, family, and fear all get in the way.Over the pandemic（疫情），the register at four-year colleges remained stable for Lancaster students, opposite to national trends. But the register at two-year colleges fell by nearly half, suggesting that students who would otherwise pursue community college were rethinking their plans. Community colleges were slower than universities to return to in-person instruction. Financial insecurity over the course of the pandemic also likely played a role in the phenomenon, as families struggled with their ability to pay for college. This summer a new factor is likely to be on the table for low-income students: the attraction of high-paying jobs.Brahmin Ntege,who graduated from McCaskey in the spring, was working in a factory this summer producing battery wires and cables full-time. The son of an immigrant from central Africa, he was accepted to several colleges,including Pennsylvania State and Temple universities,and plans to attend Millersville University, a public college just outside Lancaster. Some of his friends,Ntege said,have different plans. They want to go to college, but have decided to work for now to save up money—something he said wouldn't sway him and he would go to college, earn a degree and start making more money so that he wouldn't have to do the 9-to-5 job which might kill his body.For colleges and universities,it's in their best interest to try to prevent“summer melt”. That's especially important as the register has declined by nearly 10 percent over the course of the pandemic, according to the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center. Every student, no matter whether they intend to go to college or not, needs to have access to quality advising to help them sort through possible plans, preferably from someone who already knows them. If all the students had that kind of support,they'll be better off,whether they choose to go to college or not.8.What is "summer melt" according to the text?A. Universities decrease their admissions.B.Fewer students work during the holidays.C.High school graduates can't go to college.D.The number of community colleges is declining.9.Which is an effect on community colleges' register?A.Students can't afford their college fees.B.College graduates are hard to get a good job.C. Community colleges only offer online teaching.D.The pandemic makes community colleges shut down.10.What should colleges do with“summer melt”?A.Offering every student education loans.B.Supporting students with free education.C.Providing consulting services to students.D.Helping students work to cover their expense.11.What can be the best title for the text?A.The pandemic's influences on collegesB.The difficulty colleges face in registrationC.The new choices for high school graduatesD.The best interest of colleges and universitiesDAbout two years ago,several lunar missions showed that some lunar soil contains minute amounts of water molecules. But where did water on the moon come from? Answering that question can help us understand the moon's history and evolution, but also allow future engineers to potentially tap into this resource when building a sustainable moon base.Chinese scientists have discovered that minerals in lunar soil might have got that substance （物质）critical for life from solar wind bombarding（轰炸）the moon's surface with hydrogen ions （氢离子），according to a study published in the journal Nature Communication on Saturday.In a previous study,published in June,Chinese scientists concluded that most water found on the moon may have originated in its interior. That study,like the new one,was conducted on lunar samples from China's Chang'e-5 mission in 2020.The study in June found that lunar soil had around 30 parts per million of water content inthe form of hydroxyl（羟基），a close chemical relative of water. However，lunar minerals may contain water content of up to 179 ppm.One ppm of water would yield（产生）around 1 gram of water per metric ton（公吨）of soil.The latest study essentially confirmed the estimates from the previous research,and those lunar minerals could contain even more water. Moreover, the new study identified solar wind as a key mechanism for the existence of water on the moon's surface.The study found that the solar wind resulted at least 170 ppm of water content in lunar samples gathered by the Chang'e-5 mission. Lunar minerals such as pyroxene,plagioclase, and olivine are likely the main reservoirs（水库）of solar wind-derived water."This study has important implications for understanding the evolution of water on the lunar surface and evaluating the contribution of solar wind protons（质子）to the water reservoirs of the lunar surface,"the researchers said.Lunar samples collected during the Chang'e-5 mission may hold the keys to answering these questions, since they are much younger than the ones collected by US and Soviet moon missions. So, the water content in the Chinese samples has had less time to be influenced by other factors,making these samples ideal for studying the moon's water.12.What is the first paragraph intended for?A.To answer the question.B.To introduce the topic.C.To clarify a concept.D.To help us know the moon better.13.What do Chinese scientists find about the water found on the moon from the latest study?A.It could mainly come from the solar wind.B.It could originate in the moon's interior.C.Lunar soil contains abundant amounts of water.D.Lunar minerals contain less water than expected.14.What can we infer from Paragraph 5 and Paragraph 6?A.Lunar soil contains more water than Lunar minerals do.B.Lunar minerals contain rich water coming from solar wind.C. Solar wind should account for the existence of water on the moon.D.The latest study basically confirmed all the estimates of previous study.15.What is the author's purpose in writing the text?A.To report the success of the Chang'e-5 mission.B.To introduce how to build a sustainable moon base.C.To explain the role of solar wind on the moon.D.To report the findings of recent studies on the moon.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，全科免费下载公众号《高中僧课堂》从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019年12月深圳广播电视大学期末考试管理学基础答案(开放大学)2019年考试题库

任务二考题：单选题对于高层管理者来说，掌握良好的（概念技能）是最为重要的。

激励方法得当，有利于激发和调动职工的积极性。

根据美国哈佛大学的心理学家詹姆士在对职工的研究中发现，按时计酬的职工的能力仅能发挥 20%--30% ，而受到激励的职工的能力可发挥到（）。

答案： CA． 60%--70% B． 70%--80% C． 80%--90% D． 90% 以上28．对各种商品的规格、销量、价格的变动趋势等进行的预测就是（）。

答案： BA.产品预测B.市场预测C.财务预测D.技术预测21.计划工作的前提是（）。

答案： BA.决策B.预测C.管理D.领导18. 根据每个人的能力大小安排合适的岗位。

这就是人员配备的（B）原则。

A. 因人设职B. 量才使用C. 任人唯贤D. 因事择人28. 法约尔提出的管理五项职能或要素是（ C ）。

A. 计划、组织、决策、协调和控制B. 计划、组织、决策、领导和控制C. 计划、组织、指挥、协调和控制D. 计划、组织、激励、协调和控制7．为了保证计划目标得以实现,就需要有控制职能,控制的实质就是使（）。

答案：A A ．实践活动符合于计划B．计划接近实际活动C．实践活动具有指标约束D．计划得以严格执行20．（）是企业文化的核心。

答案： AA ．企业精神 B．经营理念 C．企业战略 D．经营哲学G 管理的首要职能是（ D ）。

D．计划21. 古典管理理论对人性的基本假设，认为人是（ B ）。

A. 复杂人B. 经济人C. 社会人D. 单纯人25．综合计划与专项计划之间是（）的关系。

答案： AA.整体与局部B.纵向与横向C.综合与专业D.普遍与特殊9．对于基层管理者来说，具备良好的（）是最为重要的。

答案： CA ．人际技能 B．概念技能 C．技术技能 D．管理技能10.对于高层管理者来说，掌握良好的（）是最为重要的。

答案： B11.A ．人际技能 B．概念技能 C．技术技能 D．管理技能27．选择方案就是根据评价结果，从各种可行方案中选出（）的方案。

临沂大学小学语文教学研究期末考试试卷级参考答案

小学语文教学研究2021年12月期末考试试卷（1）一、单选题（共10题，20分）1、下列选项中，属于课堂调控的常用方法的是A、非语言表达调控B、口头语言调控C、教学媒介调控D、以上都对正确答案：D2、实现人的全面发展的根本途径是（）。

A、教育与生产劳动相结合B、智力教育C、劳动教育D、阶级教育正确答案：c3、下列选项中，不是所谓以校为本的研究的含义的是A、为了学校的研究B、在学校中研究C、基于学校的研究D、超越学校研究正确答案：D4、写话教学是对哪一个学段作文教学的指称？A、第一阶段B、第二阶段C、第三阶段D、第四阶段正确答案：A5、写字教学的过程分为几个步骤A、2个B、3个C、4个D、5个正确答案：D6、课堂组织调控包括（）A、课堂纪律调控B、课堂时间调控C、教学节奏调控D、以上都对正确答案：D7、从课程的组织方式看，可以将课程分为：（）oA、学科课程与活动课程B、广域课程与核心课程C、国家课程与校本课程D、显性课程与隐性课程A、完备的智能品质B、良好的自我意识C、积极稳定的情绪D、坚强的意志品质正确答案：ABCD16、口语交际的特点有哪些？A、动态性B、复合性C、临场性D、简散性正确答案：ABCD17、对因“材”而异的原则中的“材”理解正确的是？A、文章的体裁不同B、文章材料不同C、不同的学生D、学生的个性不同正确答案：ABCD18、结束常用的方法有哪些A、总结法B、情感法C、争鸣式D、拓展式正确答案：ABCD19、世界各国语文教材的认定和采用制度的类型有哪些A、国定制B、审定制C、认定制D、自由制正确答案：ABCD20、识字教学中应采用哪些科学策略，从而提高识字教学的效率。

A、识写分开，多认少写B、自主识字、开放识字C、引导学生发现汉字的构字规律D、多种感官协同参与识字，努力借助游戏识字正确答案：ABCD三、填空题（共10题，20分）1、应变能力是（）技能的构成要素之一正确答案：第1空:课堂调控2、评课的注意事项可概括为“点”“线”“面”和（）o正确答案：第1空：“体”3、整个小学阶段，学生应背诵优秀诗文160篇，课外阅读总量不少于（）万字。

临沂大学财务管理期末考试试卷级参考答案

财务管理2021年12月期末考试试卷(1)一、单选题(共20题，40分)1、17.甲公司2年前以800万元购入一块土地，当前市价为920万元，如果公司计划在这块土地上兴建厂房，投资分析时应()。

A、以120万元作为投资的机会成本B、以800万元作为投资的机会成本C、以920万元作为投资的机会成本D、以920万元作为投资的沉没成本正确答案：c2、52.融腥租赁的一个重要特点是()oA、租赁设备的所有权与使用权归租赁公司B、租赁设备的所有权与使用权相结合C、租赁设备的所有权与使用权相分离正确答案：C3、下列各项中，属于应收账款机会成本的是A、坏账损失B、收账费用C、应收账款占用资金的应计利息D、对客户资信进行调查的费用正确答案：c4、由于股利比资本利得具有相对的稳定性，因此公司应维持较高的股利支付率, 这种观点属于A、股利政策无关论B、“一鸟在手”理论C、差别税收理论D、差别收入理论正确答案：B5、使公司的股利随着公司收益的变动而变动，股利支付不稳定的股利政策是A、剩余股利政策B、低正常股利加额外股利政策C、固定股利支付率政策D、固定股利或稳定增长股利政策正确: C6、18.下列各项中，不属于投资项目现金流出量的是()。

A、经营付现成本B、固定资产折旧费用C、固定资产投资支出D、垫支的营运资木正确笞B7、13.根据风险分散理论，如果投资组合中两种证券之间完全负相关，则()oA、该组合的风险收益为零B.该组合的非系统风险可完全抵消B、该组合的投资收益大于其中任一证券的收益B、向上移动，并且斜率减少C、向下移动，并且斜率增加D、向下移动，并且斜率减少正确答案：A二、多选题（共14题，28分）1、43. ±市公司发放股票股利可能导致（）oA、公司每股收益下降B、公司每股市价降低C、公司股东权益总额发生变化D、公司股份总额增加E、公司股东权益内部结构发生变化正确答案：ABDE2、延长信用期限有可能A、扩大销售收入B、增加收账费用C、增加坏账损失D、加速应收账款周转E、增加应收账款机会成本正确答案：ABCE3、7.下列哪些因素决定了债券的风险特征（）A、债券信用质量B、债券流动性C、债券到期期限D、契约条款和税收E、外汇风险正确答案：ABCDE4、72.公司持有现金的主要目的有（）oA、交易性需要B、预防性需要C、投机性需要D、流动性需要E、安全性需要正确答案：ABC5、68.交易性需要是公司持有现金以满足日常经营业务现金支付的需要，主要指（）oA、支付工资B、证券投资C、缴纳税款D、购买材料E、支付股利确答案• ACDF6、73.在据货模式中，最佳现金持有量是（）。

《功能材料概论》期末考试试卷及参考答案,2018年12月

第1页（共10页）######## 2018-2019学年第一学期材料科学与工程专业####级《功能材料概论》期末考试试卷（后附参考答案及评分标准）考试时间：120分钟考试日期：2018年12月一、填空题（本题14小题，共32空，每空1分，共32分）1. 晶体中的线缺陷即为位错，位错包括和两种基本类型。

2. 化学键包括共价键，和离子键三种基本类型。

3. 按照性能和用途可以将高分子材料分为、和纤维三大合成材料。

4. 超导材料按其化学组成可分为元素超导体，和。

5. 氢能源的开发，目前遇到两个主要问题是制氢工艺和。

6. 形状记忆效应有、和三种形式。

7. 从应用方面考虑，磁性材料可分为、、和一些特殊用途的磁性材料。

8. 光刻是集成电路中十分重要的一种加工工艺技术，光刻的三要素是、和。

9. 液晶的结构按分子排列方式的不同，可分为、和三种类型。

10. 世界上第一台固体激光器的工作物质是。

11. 按材料组分不同，光纤可分为、多组分玻璃光纤和等。

专业年级姓名学号装订线第2页（共10页）12. 光电效应主要有、和三种。

13. 一般介电陶瓷材料在电场下产生的极化可分为四种，即、、和空间电荷极化。

14. 、和是智能材料必需具备的三个基本要素。

二、单项选择题（请将正确答案填入表中相应题号处，本题9小题，每小题2分，共18分）15. 晶体的空间点阵就其对称性，可以分为种类型，隶属于个晶系。

（）A. 十三，七B. 十四，八C. 十四，七D. 十二，六 16. 分子晶体的结合是依靠分子之间的（）。

A. 液桥力B. 范德华力C. 共价键D. 强作用力 17. 面心立方结构每个晶胞有（）个原子。

A. 6B. 2C. 4D. 1 18. 晶体中热缺陷的浓度随温度（）。

A. 线性增加B. 呈指数规律增加C. 无变化规律D. 线性减少 19. 下列不是超导材料的临界参数的是（）。

2022-2023学年河北省张家口市宣化第一中学高一上学期12月期末演练考试英语试题

2022-2023学年河北省张家口市宣化第一中学高一上学期12月期末演练考试英语试题1. As an old saying in China goes, “The days of the Sanjiu period are the coldest days.” “Sanjiu period” , which is in Minor Cold, refers to the third nine-day period (the l9th to the 27th day) after the day of the Winter Solstice(冬至). There are many different customs related to Minor Cold in China.Eating hotpotDuring Minor Cold people should eat some hot food to benefit the body and defend against the cold weather. Winter is the best time to have hotpot and braised mutton with soy sauce. But it is important to notice that too much spicy food may cause health problems.Eating huangyacaiIn Tianjin, there is a custom to have huangyacai, a kind of Chinese cabbage, during Minor Cold. There are large amounts of vitamins A and B in huangyacai. As huangyacai is fresh and tender, it is fit for frying, roasting and braising.Eating glutinous rice (糯米饭)According to tradition, the Cantonese eat glutinous rice in the morning during Minor Cold. Cantonese people add some fried preserved pork, sausages and peanuts and mix them into the rice. Eating vegetable riceIn ancient times, people in Nanjing took Minor Cold quite seriously, but as time went by, the celebration of Minor Cold gradually disappeared. However, the custom of eating vegetable rice is still followed today. The rice is steamed and is unspeakably delicious. Among the ingredients (原料), aijiaohuang (a kind of green vegetable), sausages and salted duck are the specialties in Nanjing.1. What do we know about Minor Cold?A． It refers to the Winter Solstice.B． The Sanjiu period is in this period.C． It lasts twenty-seven days.D． It marks the first day of winter.2. What is a special custom in Tianjin in Minor ColdA． Eating hotpot. B． Having vitamin A and B pills.C． Having huangyacai. D． Buying cabbage.3. How do the Cantonese eat glutinous rice?A． They fry and toast it.B． They eat it for dinner.C． They mix it with many other things.D． They steam it with soy sauce.4. This text may be taken from the ________ column (栏目) of a newspaper.A． travel B． culture C． fashion D． science2. If you’re reading this, you were probably born in the 2000s. The ohohs. The 21st century.That would make you young, creative, connected, global, and no doubt smart. Maybe good-looking, too. Right? But what do other people think about your generation?Some adults worry that you’re more interested in the screen in front of you than the world around you. Th ey think of you as the “facedown generation” because you use your phone so much and they wonder how you will deal with school, friends, and family. Are today’s teenagers too busy texting and taking selfies to become successful in real life —or “IRL”, as you would say?Other adults worry that today’s youth are spoilt (宠坏的) and don’t want to face the challenges of adult life. Many children born in the 1990s and 2000s were raised by “helicopter parents”. They were always there to guide and help them with a busy schedule filled with homework andextra-curricular activities such as dancing, drawing, or sports. With parents who do everything for them, today’s youth seem to prefer to live like teenagers even when they are in their 20s or 30s.Does the face-down generation need a heads-up? Well, probably not. The fact is that many of today’s teenagers are better educated and more creative than past generations. They also seem to be enthusiastic (热情的) and willing to become leaders. More young people than ever volunteer to help their communities. There are also brave young people such as Malala Yousafzai, the teenager who won the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize for pushing girls’rights to go to school.So if you’re one of the ohohs, there’s reason to be hopeful about the futu re. Things are looking up for the face-down generation. Chances are that you will do GR8 (great) and LOL (laugh out loud).1. What can we learn about the oh-ohs ?A．They are addicted to screens.B．They are always in bad mood.C．They were born before the 2000s.D．They are busy with their texts.2. Which of the following is true about “helicopter parents”?A．They travel by air all year round.B．They instruct everything for their children.C．They depend on their teenagers.D．They avoid challenges of adult life.3. What qualities does the oh-ohs have in para 5 ?A．Proud. B．Awkward. C．Passionate. D．Peaceful.4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A．Face-down GenerationB．Promising GenerationC．Struggling TeenagersD．Generation Under Control3. In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y. — Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood — traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”1. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?A．To teach in a school. B．To study American history.C．To write a book. D．To do sightseeing.2. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?A．They enjoyed much respect. B．They had a room with a bathtub.C．They lived with the local kids. D．They suffered severe hardships.3. Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?A．The extreme climate of Auburn. B．The living conditions in Elkhead.C．The railroad building in the Rockies. D．The natural beauty of the West.4. What is the text?A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A children’sD．A diary entry.story.4. Many people think that hippos (河马) are cute and funny-looking. They are really fat and they have short, thick legs. They also have little round ears that wiggle (摆动) sometimes.Hippos look funny, but you shouldn’t judge a book by its cover. Hippos are extremely violent and dangerous. In fact, they kill more people than any other animal in Africa. Think of how many dangerous animals that Africa has. It has got crocodiles, snakes, lions, elephants and many more. Hippos are more dangerous than all of them.Hippos are naturally very dangerous animals, but there are some situations that make them even more dangerous than normal. They are very territorial. That means that they stay in one area which they consider to be their private area. If a person or animal enter a hippo’s area, the hippo will attack. Hippos also often attack when they are returning to the water. Hippos eat on land and return to water at dusk. If a hippo sees an animal when it’s returning to the water, it will become violent.Hippos are so strong that they often kill crocodiles. There are two reasons that explain why hippos and crocodiles often fight. First of all, hippos and crocodiles live in the same areas. Since hippos are territorial, they don’t like having crocodiles nearby. Also, crocodiles often eat young hippos. For that reason, adult hippos frequently kill crocodiles.Mother and daughter hippos have close relationships. However, hippos don’t have any other close relationship with each other. Hippos often live together in large groups, but scientists don’t know why. It’s hard to study the behaviour of mal e and female hippos, because males and females look the same.Hippos are violent, but they are herbivores. A herbivore is an animal that eat only plants. An adult hippo eats about 50 kilograms of plants every day. Hippos are much more comfortable in the water, but they can run fast on land. Their top speed is about 19 kilometers per hour. That’s much faster than humans can run.1. What is the text mainly about?A．The fight between hippos and crocodiles.B．How to tell male hippos and female ones.C．Africa’s most dangerous animal — hippos.D．Why hippos get violent.2. If an animal is territorial, what does that mean?A．It is afraid of other animals.B．It stays within a limited area.C．It does not like to live in large groups.D．It does not want other animals to enter its area.3. What can we learn from the text?A．Hippos swim faster than crocodiles.B．It is hard to explain why hippos live in groups.C．Male and female hippos look different.D．Violent animals usually eat plants.4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A．To inform. B．To entertain.C．To instruct. D．To persuade.5. Wildlife faces threats from habitat destruction, pollution, and some human activities. Although protecting wildlife may seem too hard at times, even small actions in your own neighborhood can help protect many different animals. Here are some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions. Create wildlife-friendly areas in your backyard.When trying to make your garden more beautiful, you can choose plants that can provide food and shelter for the native wildlife. This will also help cut down on pollution. Besides, bird or bat houses in your yard or garden can attract and shelter more species.Avoid harming the natural ecosystem (生态系统) in your backyard.Some plants from other places can kill or harm the native plants that provide food and shelter for wildlife.Have a greener lifestyle.By using less water and fewer fuels, you will do good to help protect the wildlife around you. Take buses or the subway if you can, turn off the electric devices when you’re not using them, take showers for a shorter time, and keep the temperature in your room at or below 68 Fahrenheit degrees in winter.Buy products that are friendly to wildlife.Don’t buy products that are made from endangered animals. Keep in mind that some endangered animals are killed by traps, or hunters who are eager to earn money with them.Donate money to organizations that protect wildlife and their habitats.You can give money to organizations or groups that protect wildlife in your neighborhood, thus promoting their work.1. The purpose of this passage is to ________.A．tell us why protecting wildlife is extremely important nowB．suggest that we protect wildlife through wordsC．explain why protecting wildlife is not as hard as people thinkD．give us some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions2. Which of the following threats to wildlife is NOT mentioned in the passage?A．Animal diseases. B．Destruction of habitat.C．Pollution. D．Hunters.3. What behaviour do you think the author would disagree with?A．Planting proper trees in gardens.B．Buying a sweater that is made from antelope fur as a gift.C．Donating some money to WWF.D．Reading books about wildlife.4. In which section of a newspaper would you most probably read this passage?A．Environment. B．Teaching.C．Business. D．Geography.6. Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. 1 It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.2 We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses.3 This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with (与……一致) our age and the climatic conditions we live in.It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. 4 For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. 5 This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.7. You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.For many years,I enjoyed living with my dogs,Tilly and Chance. Their________ was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year,I started dating, but with reservations. When I first dated Steve,I ________ he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was________ that he was an animal lover, I ________ that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack________,the cat.The next week we________our dogs together. It was a hot day.When we paused to catch our________, Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚)?I liked him too, but so soon? He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.________, I began to fall for him.We ________to date, though neither of us brought up the future.And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her________. I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly________ climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve suggested his house. All worked ________. The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, respected Flora’s space; Steve and I formed a good team ________ for Tilly. We made good housemates.A year later, much to my delight, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I________ him to. That’s only for giving ________to the dogs that brought us together.1.A．ownership B．membership C．companionship D．leadership2.A．feared B．doubted C．hoped D．learned3.A．unsatisfied B．amused C．terrified D．excited4.A．predicted B．worried C．regretted D．insisted5.A．Flora B．Chance C．Molly D．Tilly6.A．tied B．walked C．bathed D．fed7.A．breath B．balance C．attention D．imagination 8.A．By the way B．In that case C．By all means D．In that moment 9.A．continued B．decided C．intended D．pretended10.A．eye B．tail C．ear D．leg11.A．secretly B．constantly C．eventually D．unwillingly 12.A．late B．hard C．fine D．free13.A．looking B．caring C．waiting D．calling14.A．beg B．trust C．need D．aid15.A．toys B．awards C．food D．water8. My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.A． was repaired B． is repairedC． is being repaired D． has been repaired9. ______ you ______ the problems you’re causing?A．Do; aware of B．Are; aware of C．Do; aware that D．Are; aware that 10. Now with the development of science and technology, more robots ________ to do the housework.A．are using B．are being usedC．were used D．will be used11. Don’t be too ________about other people’s private affairs: the privacy right is protected by law.A．crazy B．concernedC．alarmed D．creative12. A study shows the speed ________ temperatures change will continue to increase over the next several decades.A．in that B．at that C．at which D．in which13. I’d love to spend more time with my family, but my new job ________ I am busy all day long always disappoints my expectations.A．to which B．by which C．for which D．with which 14. We have to hold the meeting in the small hall because the meeting room where we planned to hold the meeting _____.A． is being decorated B． is decoratingC． will be decorated D． will decorate15. The church ________ the 13th century.A．is dating from B．is dated from C．dates back to D．is dated back to 16. –I still remember the year ________ we got together to celebrate the anniversary.A．which B．that C．when D．in that17. The local government set up a ________ to protect the endangered species.A．herd B．extinction C．reserve D．harmony18. My parents ________ me day and night while I was in hospital.A．made progress B．watched over C．reminded of D．made out19. Only then ________what she meant.A．did I understand B．do I understand C．I understood D．had I understood 20. It is difficult for the animals to ________ the changes.A．adapt to B．search for C．die out D．stir up21. The measures were effective and in June 2015, The Tibetan antelope was ________ from the endangered species list.A．stopped B．protected C．prevented D．removed22. The farm ________ I visited last year is beautiful.A．who B．where C．whose D．which。

2022-2023学年江苏省苏州市高一上学期12月期末考试化学试题

2022-2023学年江苏省苏州市高一上学期12月期末考试化学试题1.我国承诺在2060年前实现“碳中和”，体现了中国对解决气候问题的大国担当，下列措施不利于．．．实现“碳中和”的是A．研究CO 2转化为淀粉的技术B．加强CO 2的捕集和再利用C．践行节能低碳的生活方式D．加大化石能源的消费比重2.下列物质的俗名与化学式对应正确的是D．胆矾- A．小苏打- B．纯碱- C．生石灰-3.下列物质中，既含有离子键又含有共价键的是A．B．C．D．4.下列有关物质的化学用语表示错误的是A．的结构示意图为：B．中子数为10的氧原子表示为：C．过氧化钠的电子式为：D．的电离方程式为：5.阿伏加德罗常数的值为，下列叙述正确的是A．溶液中，的数目为B．的盐酸含有氯离子数目为C．中约含有个电子D．标准状况下，水所含分子数为6.下列有关物质性质与用途具有对应关系的是A．明矾易溶于水，可用作净水剂B．受热易分解，可用于治疗胃酸过多C．具有两性，可用作耐高温材料D．次氯酸具有强氧化性，可用于杀菌消毒7.下列图示对应的操作规范的是A.称量 C.将剩余钠放回试剂8.下列说法错误的是A．是一种黑色有磁性的铁的氧化物，可由Fe、水蒸气高温反应制得B．为实现向的转化，可向含的溶液中通入或者滴加溶液C．由图可预测：高铁酸盐( )具有强氧化性，可将转化为D．、、均可与酸反应，只生成一种盐和水9.部分含硫物质的分类与相应的化合价关系如图，下列推断不合理的是A．b可与f反应生成aB．b既可被氧化，也可被还原C．酸雨包括e→d的转化D．d的浓溶液与Cu反应可生成c10.下列关于和的描述不正确的是A．固体中含少量杂质，可通过加热的方法除去B．溶液显碱性，所以属于碱C．热稳定性：D．等物质的量的和分别与足量盐酸反应，生成的的量相等11.下列反应的离子方程式书写正确的是A．向溶液中通入过量：B．二氧化锰制氯气：C．溶液与少量的溶液混合：D．氢氧化铝溶于氢氧化钠溶液：12.下列关于氯及其化合物说法正确的是A．二氧化硫和氯水都具有漂白性，二氧化硫通入氯水中漂白能力增强B．洁则灵不能与“84”消毒液混用，原因是两种溶液混合产生有毒的气体氯气C．漂白粉在空气中久置变质是因为漂白粉中的与空气中的反应生成D．实验室制取氯气的方法是：二氧化锰与稀盐酸共热13.下列制取氯气的实验装置或者操作正确的是干燥氯气吸收多余的氯气产生氯气除去中的气体B．B14.短周期主族元素X、Y、Z、W的原子序数依次增大，Y在短周期中原子半径最大，Z是地壳中含量最高的金属元素，X和W同主族，W的最高正化合价与最低负化合价的代数和为4。