主谓一致 1

Examples:
Subject
Either my brothers or my father is coming. NP NP agrees with a closely preceding noun phrase in the subject
Subject
No one except his own supporters agree with him. NP NP
2.2 Problems of Concord with Nouns Ending in –s
1) Disease Names Ending in –s: 2) Game Names Ending in –s: 3) Subject Names Ending in –ics: 4) Geographical Names Ending in –s: 5) Names for Things Made of Two Parts： ： 6) Nouns Usually Taking Plural Endings: 7) Nouns Ending in –ings： 8) Nouns Ending in –s with both Singular and Plural Meaning:
Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me. Plural Form singular meaning singular
3) Proximity
The Rule: the verb agrees with a closely preceding noun phrase in the subject. Subject NP +NP++NP NP singular plural Predicate Verb Verb… Verb singular plural
Lecture 2
Subject-verb Concord (I)
Lecture 2 Subject-verb Concord (I)
Definition: Main Points:
2.1 Guiding principles 2.2 Problems of concord with nouns ending in –s 2.3 problems of concord with collective nouns The agreement between subject and predicate verb in number.
Verb
Main verb of the Simple Verb Phrase Auxiliary of the Complex Verb Phrase
Examples:
1. Happy families _____all alike; each unhappy are family is unhappy in its own. is 2. His brother rather than his parents ____to blame. 3. Children interfering in their parents’ right to has remarry ______become a social problem. are 4. What he did and what he said ______totally different. 5. Because they are dead languages_____no language is reason why they should be ignored in academic circles.
Examples
Neither Julia nor I am going.
Neither Julia nor I Subject:__________________________ NP close to I predicate verb:__________________________ singular verb form:__________________________
Exception:
when used in other senses than subject names can be plural
4) Geographical Names Ending in –s: Rules:
1. Archipelagos群岛 群岛 mountain ranges straits falls 2. country names Plural verb
the Rule: The verb must match its subject in number.
Subject Verb
Subject
plural plural
singular /a mass noun singular
Head word of the Phrase The amount of Clauses
The late president’s remains areWagesin the churchyard. buried odds Ashes troops
7) Nouns Ending in –ings Rules:
generally plural Clippings , diggings Earnings , fillings, findings Lodgings, surroundings, Sweepings, combings plural / singular rubbings, worryings ,
Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Example
Rule
Exception
1) Disease Names Ending in –s:
Rules:
mostly treated as singular arthritis 关节炎 bronchitis 支气管炎 diabetes 糖尿病 measles 麻疹 mumps 腮腺炎病 phlebitis 静脉炎 rabies 狂犬病 rickets 软骨病 shingles 带状疱疹
5) Names for Things Made of Two Parts
scissors / shears U 刀
Rules:
usually plural
pincers / pliers 钳 glasses 镜 短裤
Exception:
determined by unit noun The scissors are on the ground. This pair of scissors belongs to the tailor
Exception:
can be used singular / plural
2) Game Names Ending in –s:
Rules:
generally singular billiards 台球 bowls 保龄球 darts 投镖游戏 Chinese draughts 象棋 marbles 弹子游戏 checkers 跳棋 tiddlywinks 挑圆片 skittles 九柱戏 dominoes 多米诺骨牌
shorts / pants trousers 裤
suspenders / braces 77 裤带 7 sugar-tongs scales Gloves 天平称 手套 糖夹 糖夹
Socks 短袜 stockings 长袜子 Shoes鞋子 boots靴 鞋子 靴
6) Nouns Usually Taking Plural Endings: Rules:
8) Nouns Ending in –s with both Singular and Plural Meanings: Rules:
Plural meaning Singular meaning Barracks, 军营 headquarters, 总部 Plural verb means, Singular verb 方法 series, 系列
Exception:
1. cards
usually plural
2. Not for name
usually plural
3) Subject Names Ending in –ics:
Rules:
mostly treated as singular physics 物理学 mathematics 数学 mechanics 机械学 optics 光学 acoustics 声学 politics 政治学 statistics 统计学 economics 经济学 linguistics 语言学 athletics 体育学 tactics 兵法
2.2 Problems of Concord with Nouns Ending in –s
Nouns that end in –s A: not countable treated as singular plural either singular or plural B: countable according to grammatical concord
2.1 Guiding Principles
There are three principles guiding subjectverb concord:
1. Grammatical Concord 2. Notional Concord 3. Proximity
1) Grammatical Concord
Singular verb
eg. The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life. The straits of Gibraltar have not lost their strategic importance. In early January 1976, the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1953.
Heቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱd part of the Subject Predicate Verb singular
Plural Form
with singular meaning
Singular Form
with plural meaning
plural
Examples:
The government have asked the country to decide by a vote. Singular Form plural meaning plura l
generally plural Archives Arms Clothes Contents
Exception:
Whereabouts 行踪, Eaves Fireworks plural / singular dramatics 舞台艺术 Remains 遗体，遗迹，遗物 Goods Minutes The goods are to be exported to Canada. Stairs Morals The remains of an ancient city was/were found there Suburbs Thanks
2) Notional Concord
the Rule: The verb can sometimes agree with the subject according to the notion of number rather than to the actual presence of the grammatical marker for that notion.
Exception:
tidings
belongings , savings The clippings of the hedges are usually burnt. Doings, leavings, makings Good tidings have cheered them up. The tidings has comes a little late. Shavings, winnings, furnishings