第6课 补语的翻译
现代汉语补语的翻译
250现代汉语补语的翻译安巧 海丽恰姆•买买提 伊犁师范大学 中国语言文学学院摘要：补语是汉语特有的一种语法形式，目的语中没有与汉语补语相对应的句法成分，与此同时汉语补语所具有的复杂性和多样性也使得补语成为翻译的一大难点。
本文从汉语补语的分类及用法的角度出发，将存在补语成分的汉语句子进行翻译，并对其分析、比较与归纳，最终得出补语在翻译中的表达规律。
关键词：汉语补语；翻译一、现代汉语补语的概述补语是汉语中独有的一种句法成分，也是现代汉语句法特色之一，充分反映出了汉语的灵活性及简朴性。
目前学界对于补语的看法各不相同，补语的分类更是十分复杂，分类标准、分类方式更是各有不同。
截至目前，语言学界对于补语的分类依然存在着分歧。
本文参考刘月华《实用现代汉语语法》一书中对于补语的分类方式，对汉语补语的翻译进行研究。
二、现代汉语补语的翻译现代汉语补语的体系庞大，内容丰富。
本文将从结果补语、趋向补语、可能补语、情态补语、程度补语、数量补语、介词短语补语七类补语的角度出发，探讨其翻译方法。
(一)结果补语汉语结果补语主要表示动作或状态的结果，与中心语存在因果关系，常用形容词和动词表示。
1.若语义中心落在补语上，补语完全可以说明或表达语意，此时仅译补语，补语直接表达为谓语。
“他们打<破>了世界纪录。
”“打破”语义中心在“破”，所以只译补语“破”，不译谓语“打”。
因此将其译为“我们把世界纪录破了。
”此时动词位于句末，补语译为谓语。
2.若语义中心在谓语上，一般可借助目的语中的助动词表达。
“今天的作业写<完>了。
”语义中心在谓语上，此时谓语动词以副动词+助动词形式出现，“写完”使用助动词进行表达，助动词与副动词结合表示动作全部完成。
3.若动词所造成的结果的原因不止一种，且如果不译动词会产生歧义，此时谓语和补语都要进行翻译。
“他淹<死>了。
”由于前一种动作“淹”的发生导致了后一种结果“死”。
那么谓语动词“淹”与该行为所造成的结果“死”都必须进行翻译，如果不将结果“死”翻译出来，那么很有可能会造成读者误解，所以此处谓语“淹”和补语“死”都要翻译出来。
《新概念英语》第二册第6课
Lesson 61:I have just moved to a house in Bridge Street. Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door.1) :move:1>. move 搬,移动A: We need more space for the fridge. 我们需要更多的空间来放冰箱.B: Right. Let's move this chair to the living room. 没错,那我们把这张椅子搬到客厅吧.2>. move 搬迁英to (cause to) change the place where one lives or does businessA: I'm moving to Taichung because teahouses are more popular there.我要搬到台中去,因为红茶店在那里比较受欢迎.B: Good luck then. I hope you make a fortune.那麼祝你好运罗,我希望你能赚大钱.3>. move 感动英to affect with tender emotion or feeling A: Did he send you any flowers or chocolates?他有送你花或是巧克力吗?B: No. But he wrote a lot of moving letters.没有,不过他写了很多动人的情书2) :beg1>. 口语中说的I beg your pardon可以有多种用法：(1) 用于道歉，比用I’m sorry更正式。
如：I beg your pardon. I suppose I should have knocked. 对不起，我想我本来应该敲门的。
(2) 用于没听清或没听懂对方的话，请对方再说一遍（可只说Pardon，说时用升调）。
牛津英语6年级 第六课 课文翻译 习题 及语法
现在是周日早上的八点半天气温暖而晴朗孩子们今天没有课。
大卫正在给高山打电话。
他们谈论着周末的计划。
大卫：你好！是高山吗？高山：是的，请讲。
大卫：你今天打算做什么？高山：爸爸和我打算下午去看京剧。
你想不想要加入我们？大卫：是的，我很乐意。
高山：那我们一点半在花园剧场前面见面怎么样？大卫：好的。
高山：顺便问一下，明天你打算做什么？大卫：明天下午学校会有一场音乐剧。
我要去演奏小提琴。
高山：太棒了！南茜明天也会在音乐会上演奏吗？大卫：当然。
她将会去弹钢琴。
你明天想来吗？高山：当然了。
我将会和王兵、刘涛还有杨玲一起来。
大卫：太好了！三．根据句意思填入单词的正确形式：1. A:What are you going to go tomorrow?B:I’m going to _______ (play) computer games.2. Wang Bing ______ (want) to go shopping with his friends.3. _____ Su Hai and Su Yang going to pick apples?4. _______ they often call their grandparents?5. We are ________ (have) supper now.6. Look ! My sister _________ ( play ) with the toy cars .7. I _______ ( get ) up at 6:30 every morning .8. Do they like ________ (swim) ?9. Tom’s mother _______ (have) a nice jacket .10. Can you _______ (make ) a paper plane for me ?四、选择填空。
( ) 1. ________ some orange juice in the bottle.A. There isB. There areC. There has( ) 3. ‘Be quite ‘means you _______ make noise here.A. shouldB. shouldn’tC. can( ) 4. —Happy birthday, David. This present is for you. —________ .A. Not at all.B. Thank youC. You’re welcome.( ) 5.I _________ a Beijing opera last year.A. seeB. watchedC. saw五．翻译句子1、A：你在劳动节准备做什么？B：我准备a paper plane去远足。
新概念英语第二册：第6课课文详解及语法解析
【导语】为了⽅便同学们的学习，为您精⼼整理了“新概念英语第⼆册：第6课课⽂详解及语法解析”，希望有了这些内容的帮助，可以为⼤家学习新概念英语提供帮助!如果您想要了解更多新概念英语的相关内容，就请关注吧！ 课⽂详注 Further notes on the text 1.I have just moved to a house in Bridge Street. 我刚刚搬进了⼤桥街的⼀所房⼦。
move常⽤的意义是“动”、“移动”。
在这句话⾥它的意思是“搬家”、“迁移”，为不及物动词。
在表达“搬家”这个意思时move可以单独使⽤，也可以组成短语move to, move into, move in, move out等： Jack has moved out. John will move in the day after tomorrow. 杰克已经搬⾛了。
约翰后天搬进来。
2.He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer. (他问)我要⼀顿饭和⼀杯啤酒。
在表⽰请求时，可以⽤ask+sb.+for+sth.，也可以直接⽤ask for： Don't always ask others for help. 别总向他⼈求助。
He never asks his parents for money. 他从来不向⽗母要钱。
3.in return for this 作为报答，作为交换 in return可以单独使⽤，也可以加介词for说明原因： You lent me this interesting book last month. In return (for it), I'll show you some picture books. 你上个⽉把这本有趣的书借给了我。
作为报答，我将给你看⼀些画册。
In return for your help, I invite you to spend the weekend with my family. 你帮了我的忙。
日语翻译(2.6.3)--补语的翻译(下)
补语的翻译（下）一、翻译下列句子1. 田中先生很想得开。
2.他找你，是他対你看得起。
3. 根据刑法，决定对其非法所得人民币1，500元，予以没收。
4. 走自己的路让别人说去吧。
5. 她顿时昏死过去。
6. 走慢点儿,人家走不动了。
7. 上午虽然显得有些冷清,一到下午就会热闹起来。
8. 他一拿起电话就说个没完。
9. 关于那件事我们商量一下再做決定吧。
10. 他是个水手,陆上的活干不了,只能在船上工作。
二、翻译下列句子1. 每年开学,父母都要把我送到火车站。
2. 村边的那棵大槐树被台风刮倒了。
3. 十年没回农村老家,一进院子,一条狗朝他扑上来。
4. 做同样一件事,他比小毛多用了两个小时。
5. 团体旅行比个人去要合算得多了。
三、翻译短文前几天去上海出差，在一家商店看中一条丝巾，颜色十分漂亮。
售货员说，这种丝巾原价二百多元，现在一百元两条，不过要是只买一条就得75元。
我只想买一条，可是花75元觉得有点儿贵，一百元两条倒是便宜了，可多买了又用不着。
正想着，旁边一位年轻女子搭话说：“我也只想买一条，咱们合买两条行吗？”据说，这种与陌生人合伙消费的现象在南方一些城市很流行，这样既能少花钱，又能买到喜欢的东西，没准儿还能交个新朋友呢。
购买商品的数量不同实行不同的价格本是促销手段之一，商家自然不希望顾客合买，而且万一商品出现质量问题，只有一方有发票也会给商场带来许多麻烦。
参考答案一、翻译下列句子1．田中さんはとても諦めがいい。
2. 彼が君に頼んできたのは、君に一目置いているからだよ。
3．刑法に基づき、その不法所得人民元1，500元に対し、没収を決定する。
4. お前の道を進め、人には勝手なことを言わせておけ。
5．彼女は卒倒してしまいました。
6．ゆっくりいってくれよ。
こっちは歩けないんだから。
7. 午前は確かにいくらか寂れていますが、午後になるときっとにぎやかになりますよ。
8．かれはいったん電話をかけ出すと、もうとめどがなくなります。
第一课-第六课句子翻译
第一课III. 五个句子参考译文1. I am sure that love of their homes must have been very strong among the early settlers of the United States. 我相信，美国的早期定居者爱家的情感一定非常强烈。
(SVC)2. Boys and girls left their parents’ homes and lived in dwellings of their own. 少男少女们离开父母家，住进自己的房子。
(SVA)3. The teacher picked me to be the princess in the school play.老师选中我扮演学校上演的剧中的公主。
(SVOC)4. A few minutes before the play, my teacher came over to me and handed me a dandelion. 演出前几分钟，老师走到我面前，递给我一朵蒲公英。
(SVA, SVoO)5. In widely separated geographic areas suddenly appeared the most highly successful group of inventors and revolutionaries. 在相隔遥远的地域突然出现了成就最为卓著的一批发明家和革命家。
(AVS)第二课1. 天子山风景秀丽，气候宜人。
Mt.Tianzi has / boasts / enjoys beautiful scenery and a pleasant climate.2. 每块石头有两千多斤重。
Each stone is more than 1000 kg in weight / weighs more than 1000 kg.3. 客厅里走出来一位穿西服的老先生。
第二册第六课译文和答案
第六课建筑物那么小，象火柴盒课文（1）（在飞机上）藤田：妈妈，您看，能看到下面的景色吗？母亲：看得很清楚啊。
建筑物那么小，就像火柴盒。
藤田：已经在大海上空了。
瞧，能看到船吧。
母亲：对，对。
简直像玩具一样。
藤田：今天天气真好。
（十分钟后）母亲：这是用来做什么的？乘务员：那是耳机。
母亲：哦。
我想听听单口相声。
乘务员：是吗？您稍等。
好了，您听听。
母亲：来，我听听。
声音太小了听不清。
乘务员：把这个旋钮往左转能把声音放大。
母亲：啊，这回听得很清楚了。
乘务员：请慢慢欣赏。
母亲：真是太方便了。
（2）（在宿舍）村上：约翰，要不要去佐藤老师府上拜访一下。
约翰：好啊。
去年在大学庆祝活动上见面时还约好了要去拜访呢。
村上：那就下周什么时候去吧。
（在佐藤老师家）佐藤：约翰，好久不见。
请坐。
请随意……约翰，你适应这儿的生活了吗？约翰：完全适应了。
刚来日本的时候还想家呢。
佐藤：一开始大家好像都这样。
约翰：虽然很辛苦，但都是些有益的经历。
佐藤：你在大学庆祝活动时的演讲很精彩啊。
村上：其他老师也都觉得好，都夸你呢。
约翰：那时候紧张没说好。
佐藤：哪里，非常精彩。
夫人：来，没什么好招待的，大家吃吧。
约翰：这么多，都是您做的吗？夫人：是的。
约翰：您的手艺真好。
约翰：我吃饱了。
夫人：再吃一点吧。
约翰：已经吃了很多了。
谢谢。
夫人：那就到那个房间喝点红茶吧。
约翰：谢谢。
（3）地震日本是个地震很多的国家。
一年大约有上千次。
听到这个数量时外国人一般都会吃一惊。
但是，要是小地震日本人可不怎么担心。
在日本，地震研究发达，都是些坚固的建筑物。
因此，即使有地震，很少会有建筑物倒塌的事。
很多古寺、大佛等古老建筑也依然保存挺立不倒。
如果发生地震了，该怎么办？在用火的话应该马上把火熄灭。
比起房子倒塌，引起火灾更危险。
然后打开门、窗，做好外逃的准备。
但是，即使发生了地震，安全起见也不要马上逃出去。
如果从上面掉下什么东西就危险了，所以要躲到桌子或床的下面。
过一分钟左右即使地震仍在持续也比较安全了，这时检查一下火或者煤气是否安全。
新概念第6课
He ate the food and drank the beer. Then he put a piece of cheese in his pocket and went away. Later a neighbor told me about him. Everybody knows him. His name is Percy Buttons. He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.
10、Everybody knows him. 每一个人都知道他。 every强调大家都，但谓语动词要用单数。 11、call sb. = ring sb. = call sb. up = ring sb. up 给某人打电话。例句：I will call you. call on sb. 拜访（某人）。例句：I will call on you. call at = call in 拜访，光顾（某人家）。例句：I will call at/in your home. call by (at) 顺便光顾（某地）。例句：I will call by at the shops on my way home. 12、in the street [英] = on the street [美] 13、once a month 每月一次。扩展：twice a month, once every two months, three weeks a week 注意a/an的用法：seventy-five beats a minute, five kilometers an hour
新概念第二册课文讲解：第6课
新概念第二册课文讲解：第6课Lesson 6 Percy Buttons☆beggar n.乞丐注意这是我们当前为止学到的的以-ar结尾的名词。
v.beg 乞求beg for：乞求得到ask for：请求得到☆pocket n.衣服口袋inner pocket：大衣、西服内口袋jacket pocket;coat pocketpocket book：袖珍书;pocket dictionarypocket money：零花钱(小孩的)(不是零钱，零钱是change：get exact change)男人的零花钱：beer money18世纪，在小说里有时能见到女人的零花钱是针线钱。
但是随着时代的进步，剩下的money都归女人管，所以女人无零花钱。
pocket pick：车上的小偷☆call v.拜访，光顾call sb/call up sb：给某人打电话call back：回电话我们昨天学的电话用语-Can you take a message for me?如果不想让第三人知道，你能够说：Can you tell him to call back?关于call的几个短语：call at+地点=visit someplacecall on sbI will call on you.=I will call at your home.call out=shout 大声喊call in sb 招集和邀请For the project,the government called in a lot of experts.☆ask sb for sth：问某人要什么东西for：为了这个目的去请求某人。
sb更多的时候并不出现，而直接说ask for sth,因为强调的是东西而不是人。
eg：The boy asks (his parents)for money again/once more.☆in return：作为回报He doesn't want anything in return.in return for sth：作为对……的回报I'll buy a present for him in return for hospitality.☆stand on one's head：倒立(头着地)用手着地：stand on one's hand/hands跪着：stand on one's knees躺着：lie on one's back(仰面)/side(侧躺)/stomach(趴着)☆tell sb about sthabout：关于，通过其它事自己得出结论tell sb sth：告诉某人某件事(把事情直接告诉)☆所有的不定代词作主语一律为单数看待。
新概念英语第二册第6课 完整
e.g. The book on the desk is Jim’s. 书桌上的那本书是吉姆的． The chairs are there. 椅子在那里．
指谈话双方都知道的人或事物．
e.g. Where is the kite? 风筝在哪儿？（双方都知道指的是哪只风筝．） Open the door, please.请把门打开．（双方都知道要打开哪扇门．）
用在某些建筑物和旅馆的名称之前．
The Summer Palace
8.
用在表示乐器的名词之前． e.g. the violin the piano
冠词的分类
定冠词的用法
9.
用在一些习惯用语中 e.g. in the day in the morning / afternoon/ evening the day before tomorrow/ yesterday the next morning / week/ month/ year in the sky/ water/ field/ country in the dark in the rain in the distance in the middle (of) in the end on the whole by the way go to the theatre (cinema)
begsbdosth乞求某人做某事begsbdosth乞求某人不做某事他知道他伤害了她现在乞求她原谅他heknewhehadhurtherbeggedherforgivehim他们乞求我们不要惩罚他们beggeduspunishthemsupplementaryreadingafterreadingdetailedreadingglobalreadingbeforereadingunit食物不可数heavyfood油腻而难消化的食物mentalfood精神食粮foonewwords没有食物和水我们活不了
新概念2第6课
call on sb 拜访某人
I will call on you.=I will call at your home.
Listen to the tape and answer the questions.
1.Has the writer just moved to Bridge Street? Yes,she has. 2.Who knocked at her door yesterday? A bagger. 3.What did he do for a meal and a glass of beer? He stood on his head and sang songs. 4.What did the writer give him?
.
The text:
• 在表达“搬家”这个意思时move可以单独 使用，也可以组成短语move to, move into, move in, move out等：
Jack has moved out. John will move in the day after tomorrow. 杰克已经搬走了。约翰后天搬进来。
• stand on one's head:倒立（头着地）
用手着地：stand on one's hand/hands 跪着：stand on one's knees
躺着：lie on one's back(仰面)/side（侧躺） /stomach（趴着）
• tell sb about sth 向某人讲述某事/有关...的情况 Tell me something about your job. • tell sb sth:告诉某人某件事（把事情直接告诉） Tell me your name, please! I told him my name. 我把名字告诉了他。 Tell me what happened. tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 Tell him to wait for me .
新概念第二册第六课讲解.doc
Lesson 6 Percy Buttons【New words and expressions】★beggar n. 乞丐beg v.乞求I beg your pardon?beg for 乞求得到ask for 请求得到（ask sb. for sth. 向某人索要某物）★food n. 食物（不可数）a lot of food★pocket n. 衣服口袋inner pocket 内口袋；jacket pocket 夹克的口袋；coat pocket 大衣口袋pocket book 袖珍书；pocket dictionary 袖珍词典pocket pick 车上的小偷pocket money (小孩的)零花钱change 零钱get exact change 准备好正确的零花钱beer money (男人的)零花钱★call v. 拜访, 光顾① vt.&vi. 叫，喊I heard someone calling.call out =shout 大声喊② vt. 呼唤，召唤Lucy is sick. Please call a doctor.③ vi. 访问，拜访；（车、船等）停靠Amy called (at our house) yesterday.The train calls at large stations only. 这列火车只停大站。
call on sb. 拜访某人I will call on you. 我要去你家。
call at+地点＝visit someplace 拜访某地I will call at your home. 我要去你家。
④ vt.&vi. 打电话call sb =call up sb. 给某人打电话call back 回某人电话Can you take a message for me? =Can you tell him to call back?call in sb. 招集和邀请某人For the project, the government called in a lot of experts.【课文讲解】1、Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door.★knock v. 敲门① vi. 敲门I knocked, but no one answered.knock at 敲（门、窗等）knock at the door；knock at the window② vt.&vi. 碰撞You always knock things off the table. 你总是碰掉桌上的东西。
精读6第六课翻译
现代大学英语课文译文VI-6小猪之死E．B．怀特1．在一个九月的中旬，为了照看一头生病的猪，我花费了好几个日日夜夜，被某种力量驱使着要把这个时段描述出来，尤其是因为这头猪死了而我还活着。
事情很容易颠倒过来，不过那样的话就没有人留下来讲述这件事了。
甚至现在，距这件事情发生时间如此之近，我却回想不起事情发生的确切时间，也说不清那头猪死于第三个还是第四个晚上。
对时间的不确定让我感觉到我的确体质上大不如前；倘若我身体健壮，岂能搞不清我与这只病猪究竟熬过了多少个不眠之夜呢!2．春暖花开时节买一头猪崽，然后经过从夏至秋几个月的精心饲养，寒冷的冬季来临的时候宰杀，这对我来说是再熟悉不过的计划，延续着古老的模式。
这就好像绝大多数的农场里上演的精确地忠实于原剧脚本的一幕幕悲剧。
这杀戮蓄谋已久，毋庸置疑，然而手段敏捷利落，提供给喜庆盛宴的熏肉和火腿便是它们的结局，至于这样的结局是否值得则无人质疑。
3．偶尔事情也会出错---某个演员提前念了台词，那么整个演出就会出现混乱，以致停滞。
我的猪该吃食的时候没有出场，我的担心的情绪马上散布开来。
这部经典悲剧的轮廓和步骤消失殆尽。
我俨然发现自己开始扮演起猪的朋友和私人医生--- 一个拿着助推器灌肠剂袋子当道具的滑稽角色。
就在当天下午我有一种预感，这部剧将永远不会再获平衡，而我的同情心完全趋向了我的病猪一边。
这是一部闹剧---一场戏剧性的表演吸引了我的老达克斯猎犬弗瑞德。
他又是守夜，又是拖灌肠剂袋，当一切结束的时候又充当葬礼主持。
死猪尸体下葬的时候，我们两个都伤心欲绝，我们失去的不是餐桌上的火腿，而是失去了一头猪，一个家庭成员。
事实证明这头猪对于我来说非常珍贵，不是在我饥饿时提供大餐，而是他在这个苦难世界里经历了一次磨难。
我把故事讲过头了，现在回来从头讲起。
4．我的猪栏设在一个旧果园的末端，一所房子的底层。
我饲养过的猪生活在一个过去曾是冰库的褪色的建筑中，有一个可以走动的惬意的院子，一棵苹果树伏在低矮的篱笆上遮着阴凉。
第六课课文详解
第六课课文详解Lesson 6 The Man in the WaterPlane Crash into PotomacOn this day in 1982, an Air Florida Boeing 727 plunges into the Potomac River in Washington, D.C., killing 78 people. The crash, caused by bad weather, took place only two miles from the White House.The Air Florida flight took off from Washington National Airport in Arlington, Virginia, with 74 passengers and 5 crew members on board. The plane had flown into Washington from Miami in the early afternoon and was supposed to return to Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, after a short stop. However, snow in Washington temporarily closed the airport. When it reopened, the plane was de-iced with chemical anti-freeze, but the plane still had difficulty moving away from the gate due to the ice. When it eventually made i t to the airport’s only usable runway, it was forced to wait 45 minutes for clearance to take off.Not wanting to further delay the flight, the pilot, Larry Wheaton, did not return for more de-icing, and worse, failed to turn on the plane’s own de-icing system. In fact, the pilot and co-pilot discussed the situation, and the co-pilot said "It’s a losing battle trying to de-ice these things. It gives you a false sense of security, that’s all it does." During the delay, however, ice was accumulating on the wings, and by the time the plane reached the end of the runway, it was able to achieve only a few hundred feet of altitude.Thirty seconds later, the plane crashed into the 14th Street Bridge over the Potomac River, less than a mile away from the runway. Seven vehicles traveling on the bridge were struck by the727 and the plane fell into the freezing water. It was later determined that 73 of the people on board the plane died from the impact, leaving only six survivors in the river. In addition, four motorists died in the crash.Terrible traffic in Washington that day made it difficult for rescue workers to reach the scene. Witnesses didn’t know what to do to assist the survivors who were stuck in the freezing river. Finally, a police helicopter arrived and began assisting the survivors in a very risky operation.Two people in particular emerged as heroes during the rescue: Arland Williams and Lenny Skutnik. Known as the "sixth passenger," Williams survived the crash, and passed lifelines on to others rather than take one for himself. He ended up being the only plane passenger to die from drowning. When one of the survivors to whom Williams had passed a lifeline was unable to hold on to it, Skutnik, who was watching the unfolding tragedy, jumped into the water and swam to rescue her. Both Skutnik and Williams (along with bystander Roger Olian) received the Coast Guard Gold Lifesaving Medal. The bridge was later renamed the Arland D. Williams Jr. Memorial Bridge.I In troduction to the TextThis is a short essay about an air crash that took place in the capital of the United States in the year 1982. a plane that tool off from the Washington National Airport did not clear the bridge over the Potomac River because of the thick on the wings. It hit the gridge and fell right into the river, bringing all the passangers to their instant death except five from the tail sction who found themselves grasing and struggling in the icy water. These five people however survived, and they were able to survive because of four heroes. The author wrote this essay in praise of theseheroes, three of whom had risked their lives to rescue the survivors and were able to live to tell the story, but the man that really held the whole nation’s attention was the fourth man who had kept pushinghis lifeline救生索and flotation rings救生圈to others until he went under.Heroism of course has always been admired. But this man’s heroism was unusual. People usually expect revolutionaries to die martyrs; they also expect true believers to be willing to die for their faith; they might also expect some people to be ready to lay down their lives in performing their duty; they also believe that many people would show courage in their attempt to win power, influence, money or to save their loved ones. But this man in the water did not fit in any of these descriptions. He did not have to give his rings to others; he did not even know these people; and he died anonymous, unidentified. He was extraordinary precisely because he was ordinary. He shoued what everyone of us could do. The display of his heroism was a song to the beautiful human character. In our world today, we do not have to be reminded that there are a lot of displayss of human weakness. But it is this kind of true story that reminds us that we have no reason to be pessimistic or cynical.The fact that this hero happened to be an American should not bother us. When people talk about the American character, they sometimes go to an extreme. But blind hatred is just as wrong as blind worship. The United States has their share of human trash垃圾of course, but they also have numerous decent, honest, brave people like the one in the water who have made their country what it is today. And it is this side of their national character we should learn from.II Detailed Discussion of the Text1.As disaster go, this one was terrible, but not unique, certainly not among the worst U.S.air crashes on record.Air crashes usually involve a heavy loss of lives. Comapred with other air crashes, this one was not the worst. This air crash was remembered for a different reason.as disasters go: compared with the average disaster of this type.More examples of the use of “as something goes”:As writers go, Oscar Wilde was not the most talented. But he was among the most popullar.As businessmen go, he is considered pretty honest.2.There was the unusual element of the bridge , of course, and the fact that the plane hit it at amoment of high traffic.One thing that was unusual about this disaster was that the plane hit the bridge.“Element” here means “factor”.high traffic: heavy traffic; heavy flow of vehicles along the road3.Washington, the city of form and rules, turned chaotic by a blast of real winter and a singleslap of metal on metal.the city of form and rules: See Note in Notes to the Text.turned chaotic: became chaotic; was thrown into a terrible confusiona blast of real winter: a sudden strong really could windThe word”blast” could also re fer to a sudden explosion or a sudden very loud noise, e.g.The human-bomb exploded and more than 20 people were killed in the terrible blast.The music came in full blast form the next door, and I had to call the police to stop it.slap: a quick blow with something flat as in “a slap across the face”. Here of course it is used figuratively.4.presidential monumentsSee Note 3 in Notes to the Text.5.And there was the aesthetic clash as well---blue-and-green Air Florida, … sunk down amonggray chunks of ice in a black river.When the air crash occurred, it was not just a clash (a loud sound made by two objects) of metal against the bridge, but also a clash between colors: the blue-green color of the plane and the gray and black color of the ice and river.the aestheitc clash:the combination of different colors which look very bad (“aesthetic”: something connected with the study of beauty)Air Florida: The Florida Airlline. Also: Air France; Air Japan (JAL) chunk: a fairly large amount of, e.g.a chunk of meat; a chunk of rice6.Still, there was nothing very special in any of it, except death, which, while always special,does not necessarily bring millions to tears or to attention.while aways special: although (it is) always special, e.g.Money, while desirable and useful, can corrupt.Their life, while rich and comfortable, somehow lacks meaning.not necessarily: possibly but not certainly, e.g.New things are not necessarily better.Teachers do not necessarily know more than students sometimes.bring millions to tears or to attention:make millions cry or attract millions of people’s attention7.Why, then, the shock here?(1)Why was there such a shock here?Notice the structure of this kind of elliptical sentence, e.g.Five o’clock? Why so early?To go to Afghanistan? Wy me?If so many businesses can’t compete with other countries, why WTO then?8. a mechanical failureWe are talking about the cause of the disaster there: whether it is a mechanical problem or a human error.9.Here, after all, were two forms of nature in collision: the elements and human character.the elements: the bad weatherthe two forms of nature: the bad weather and the human character. Both are forms of natural power.collision:clash; two people or vehicles or ideas hitting each other while moving directly toward each otherNote: Do not mix up with the word “coalition”./doc/6c12599944.html,st Wednesday, the elements, indifferent as ever, brought down Flight 90. And on that sameafternoon, human nature---groping and struggling ---rose to the occasion.(2)indifferent as ever: unconcerned about the consequences as alwaysbrought down: made the plane fall downNotice the difference between these sentences:A.The plane fell into the river.They brought down an enemy plane by bulletsB.He grew up in a small mountain village.He was brought up by his siter-in-law.C.The fire went out after two weeks.The fire was brought under control in the end.flight: It refers to a plane making a particular journey.rise to the occasion: to deal successfully with a dificult situation or problem, e.g.I’m sure that he will rise to the occasion when he realizes what is at stake.groping and struggling: groping for the flotation rings and struggling in the icy waterBut these two words may also be interpreted figuratively, referring to human nature.11.Of the four acknowledged heroes of the event, three are able to account for their behavior.Only three out of these four heroes lived to tell people what they actually had done nand now they had rescued the five survivors.account for: to give a satisfactory explanation of what has happened.12.Donald Usher … a park police helicopter team, risked their lives every time they dipped intothe water to pick up survivors.park police: police whose job it is to look after a park.every time: whenever13.… they described their courage as all in the line of duty.in the line of duty: as part of one’s duty, e.g.They are paid by the people to provide these services. It’s all in the line of duty.14.“It’s something I never thought I would do.”“I never thought I would have the courage to jump into th eicy water to rescue somebody.”“It” here refers to his heroic deed.15.…delivering every hero’s line that is no less admirable for being repeated.… sayi ng something that has been said before by many people in similar situations, but it is still admirable.deliver a line: to make a remark. Also: to deliver a pseech; to deliver a lecture16.That somebody actually did so is part of the reason this particular tragedy sticks in themind.(3)English, we usually turn them into appositive clauses byadding the word “fact”. For example: The fact that somebody actually did so is part of the reason this particular tragedy sticks in the mind.stick in the mind: to be remembered17.… responsible for the emotional impact of the disaster(4)being the reason for the emotional impact of the disasteremotional impact of the disaster: how this disaster has moved peoplebe responsible for: to be the cause for, e.g.That policy was largely responsible for the mass hunger.The favorable weather conditions were partly responsible for our good harvest last year.18.This man was escribed … as appearing alert and in control.This man was described as a person who appeared alertandin control.alert and in control:able to think quickly and clearly; calm and with perfect presence of mind, e.g.although she is almost ninety, she still has an alert mind.19.Every time they lowered a lifeline and flotation ring to him, he passed it on to another of thepassengers.lifeline: a rope used to rescue people at seaflotation ring: some kind of life-belt or life-preserver20.“In a mass casualty, you’ll find people like him. But I’ve never seen one with thatcommitment.”We can always find hieroc people like him in a mass casualty because although not everyone is a hero, there’s bound to be a fair representation of heroes in a big crowd.mass casualty: large numbers of people hurt or killed in an accident or battle“Mass” here is an adjective as in m ass murder, mass audiences, mass protest, etc.commitent: Here: a strong sense of reponsibility or loyaltyNotice how the word “commit” and its derivatives are used: WTO commits China to give national treatment to all foreign business people.China is commited to lower its tariffs.We have a strong commitment to follow WTO rules.21.When the helicopter came back for him theman had gone under.go under: to sink; to be drwoned, e.g.In a fierce competition, these oiirly managed enterprises will go under.In case of an economic recession, these old and weak people will be the first to go under.The captain hoped that help would come before the ship went under.22.His selflessness was one reason the story held national attention; his anonymity another.The fact that the man in the water who had displayed such heroism did not leave his name and no one was ever able to find it out was another reason why the whole nation felt so touched by this story. It showed that the man was a very ordinary citizen. It also proved that he did what he did not for fame or anythign.anonymity: the state of being unknown by nameanonymous: (adj.)He preferred to remain anonymous.The author of this book is anonymous.Note how the anonymity is formed. An-means without, and nym comes form anoma in late Laitn which means name.CF: antonym, synonym, homonym, pseudonym23.The fact that he went unidentified gave him a universal character.gave him a universal character: gave him a universal quality; made him a representative man, like everyone of us could be; made people feel that it could have been anyone24.For a while he was Everyman, and thus proof (as if one needed it) that no man is ordianry.Notice that the word “Everyman” is captialized. It echoes the title of a medieval play about a typical human being. It conveys the idea that this anonymous man really represents the best of numan nature. What he did was not the act of a supernatural being, but the act of an ordianry person. Yet, theauthor says here that “no man is ordinary”, becau se every person is an individual moral eitity and is capable of rising to the occasion and making history.25.Still, he could never have imagined such a capacity in himself.(5)However, it was impossible for him to know that he would be capable of such heroism.What the man did was the natural response to the cirtical situation.Notice the use of the word “in” here. It is used to say what one should consider in an other.More examples:We all see a promising scholar in her.I don’t know what she saw in that man. He seemed to be very common. But she lovedhim.26.Only minutes before his character was tested, he was sitting …,listening to the stewardesstelling him to fasten his seat belt and saying something about …The author is imaging what must have been the situation. He used the past continuous to make the narration more real and vivid.stewardess:“-ess” is a noun sufix referring to t female, e.g.waitress, actress, mistress, hostess, lioness, countess27.So our man relaxed with the others, some of whom would owe their lives to him.our man: our hero, the man we are talking about hereof whom: Notice that here only “whom” can be used, not “that” or “who”.owe: We can say “I owe him five dollars” or “I owe five dollars to him”. Similarly:We can say “He brought me a dictionary” or “He bought a dictionary for me”, “It costs us a lot of money” or “It costsa lot of money to us”.28.…or to regret some harsh remark made in the office that morning.… or to feel sorry for the unkind things he might have said to his employee in the office that morning before he took the plane.The author imagined the man to be some kind of business executive.29.Like every other person on the flight, he was desperate to live, which makes his final act sostunning.His last act was stunning because like everyone else, he also valued his life and was desperate to live.stunning: shockingon that fllight: on board that plane“Which” here stands for what has been stated before.30.For at some moment in the water he must have realized that he would not live if he continuedto hand over the rope and ring to others. He had to know it, no matter how slow with effect of the cold.(6)Obviously it requires much more courage to face sure death knowing that you have a choice (keep one of the rings for yourself) than to face the possibility of death by, for example, a stray bullet in battle. The man in the story did not act on impulse. He did not pass on his rings to others with a total unawareness of the consequences. At some point he must have known that hewas freeaing to death and would go under any moment. But he still gave the chance for survival to the next person.no matter how slow the effect: however slow the effect of the cold might be31.Yet there was something else about our man that kept our thoughts on him, (7)that kept our thoughts on him: that held our attention to him; that made us think of him all the time32.He was there, in the essential, classic circumstance.What happened that day was a typical situation in which nature and man fought each other.And when nature begins to show its power, you always find man fighting back. He is alwaysthere. We can always expect to find such a hero.essential: basic, typical, the most importantclassic: very traditional or lang establlished33.So the age-old battle began again in the Potomac. For as long as that man could last, theywent at each other, nature and man…the age-old battle between nature and man: the author is using a very traditional idea here, the idea that huma civilized is a record of man’s gradual conquest of nature.go at: to attack; to start to fight, e.g.Those companies went at eachi other like hungry wolves.34.…the one making no distinctions of good and evil, acting on no principles offering nollifelines, the other acting wholly on distinctions, principles and perhaps, on faith.Nature is indifferent. It does not have any idea what is good or what is bad for human beings, and it does not care. It has nomoral principles. Human beings, on the other hand, are different.They have moral standards. They have feelings. They care and they love. Therefore they are able to choose between right and wrong.35.In reality, we believe the opposite, and it takes the act of theman in the water to remind us ofour true feelings in this matter.(8)Actually, the death of the man did not mean that human beings had lost the battle. In moral sense, man had won, because man’s courage to defy death was also a trementdous power.Therefore what happened to this man in the water should fill us with pride rather than sadness.36.It is not to say that everyone would have acted as he did (8)It is not to say: It does not mean37.Yet whatever moved these mento challenge death on behalf of their fellows is not peculiar tothem. Everyone feels the possibility in himself.Yet whatever enabled or made these men or gave these men the power to challenge death is not unique. Indeed, every one of us has the potentiality to be a hero.38.That is the enduring wonder of the story. That is why we would not let go of it.That is the lasting wonder of the story. That is what keeps our thoughts on this story. (That is why we keep thinking about this story. Thatis why this story will always livein our memory.) go of it39.If the man in the water gave a lifeline to the people gasping for survival, he was likewisegiving a lifeline to those who watched him.In this article, the author is giving the man’s action a symbolic meaning. When the man was giving a lifeline to the people gasping for survival, we might say that he was also giving the chance to live to everyone of us. He was showing by his own example the neaning of life, the dignity of human existence, the power of nobe human character.likewise: in the same way40.“Everything in Nature containshe powers of nature,”said Emerson.(9)For Emerson, see Note 11 in Notes to the Text.By “the powers of nature”, Emerson did not just mean such powers as coming from coal, oil, water,wind, etc. (He could haveincluded nuclear power if he had been able to see that far into the future.) He probably also meant the power unique to human beings: the power to love, the power to change, and the power to create.41.The man in the water set himself against an immovable, impersonal enemy; he fought it withkindness; and he held it to a standoff. He was the best we can do.set sb. against sb.: to make sb. start to fight or quarrel with another person, esp. a person with whom they had friendly relations before. e.g.There were outside forces who were trying to set one tribe against another. That was why there were endless civil wars in the country.I’m not going to set myself against my own classmates.An immovable, impersonal enemy: It refers to nature, which is indifferent and cannot be persuaded to change its attitude towards us humans. “Immovable” here means “impossible tobe changed or persuaded”.standoff: a situation in which neither side in a fight or battle can gain an advantage.He was the best we can do: The man in the water represented human nature at its best.III Translation of Text A“水中人”就灾难而言，这一次很可怕，但不是前所未有，当然更算不上美国空难史中最惨烈的一场。
第一课-第六课句子翻译
第一课III. 五个句子参考译文1. I amsure that love of their homes must have been very strong among the early settlers of the United States. 我 相信，美国的早期定居者爱家 的情感一定非常强烈。
(SVC)2. Boys and girls left their parents 'homesand lived in dwellings oftheir own . 少男少女们 离开父母家，住进自己的房子 。
(SVA)3. The teacher picked me to be the princess in the school play. 老 师选中我扮演学校上演的剧中的公主 。
(SVOC)4. A few minutes before the play, my teacher cameover to meand handed me a dandelion . 演出前几分钟，老师 走到我面前，递给我一朵蒲公英 。
(SVA, SVoO)5. In widely separated geographic areas suddenly highly successful group of inventors and revolutionaries 地域突然 出现了成就最为卓著的一批发明家和革命家 第二课1. 天子山 风景秀丽，气候宜人 。
Mt.Tianzi has / boasts / enjoys beautiful scenery and a pleasant climate .2. 每块石头 有两千多斤 重 。
Each stone is more than 1000 kg in weight / weighs more than 1000 kg.3. 客厅里走出来一位穿西服的老先生 。
新编英语教程6的2、3、6、7、8、9、11课课文翻译
第二单元推迟的艺术"今天能做的事情决不要推到明天。
”切斯特菲尔德伯爵在1794年劝告儿子时说道，但是这位文雅的伯爵却从没有抽出时间来完成与孩子母亲的婚礼，也没有戒除让约翰逊博士此类名人在接待室久候的坏习惯，这足以证明，即使是有心人，也绝非毫无拖延，罗马的一位大将军昆塔斯费边马克西姆斯为了赢得尽可能多的喘息机会，推迟战斗时间，被冠以“拖延者”。
摩西为了使自己向法老传递耶和华法令过程中的犹豫合理化，颓唐语言有缺陷，当然，哈姆雷特把延迟上升为一种艺术形式。
世界上的人基本上可以分成均匀的两半：拖延者和马上行动者。
有些人二月份就准备好了个人所得税，预先偿还抵押借款，在常人难以忍受的6点半钟准时吃饭，而另外一些人则乐于在9点或10点钟时吃些剩菜剩饭，错放帐单和文件以期延长缴税的期限。
他们非要等到警告声变成恐吓声才肯去支付信用卡的帐单。
就象浮士德所遭遇的那样，他们推迟去理发店，看牙医或医生。
尽管延误会带来诸多不便，但延迟经常可以激发和唤醒具有创新意识的灵魂。
写下许多成功小说和剧本的作家琼克尔说到，她要把厨房每个汤罐头和酱瓶子上的标签看上一遍后，才能安心坐在打字机旁。
许多作家都关注着他们任务之外的大小琐事，譬如关注在缅因州法国人海湾和巴尔海港进行的海岸和土地测量，其中的地名，如古今斯暗礁、不伦特池塘、海鸥小山、伯恩特豪猪、朗豪猪、希波豪猪以及鲍尔德豪猪岛，都激起了他们的想象。
从“拖延者”年代到当今世纪，推迟的艺术实际上被军事（“赶快和等一下”）、外交和法律垄断了。
在过去的年代里，英国殖民地总督可以手中拿着杯酒，安逸的思考民族叛乱的形势，他应该庆幸没有电传和打印机在一旁喋喋不休地传递着命令，一会儿是增加机关枪啊一会儿又是增派军队啊。
直到二战时，美国将军还可以和敌方将军达成协议，休一天运动假，去掠夺村民的鸡和酒，明日再战。
律师是世界上最上瘾的延误者。
据一个来自贝弗利山的，号称从不拖延的推销员弗兰克.内森叙说，“没有留下遗嘱就去世的律师数不胜数。
现代汉语补语的翻译
现代汉语补语的翻译作者：安巧海丽恰姆·买买提来源：《北方文学》2019年第18期摘要：补语是汉语特有的一种语法形式，目的语中没有与汉语补语相对应的句法成分，与此同时汉语补语所具有的复杂性和多样性也使得补语成为翻译的一大难点。
本文从汉语补语的分类及用法的角度出发，将存在补语成分的汉语句子进行翻译，并对其分析、比较与归纳，最终得出补语在翻译中的表达规律。
关键词：汉语补语;翻译一、现代汉语补语的概述补语是汉语中独有的一种句法成分，也是现代汉语句法特色之一，充分反映出了汉语的灵活性及简朴性。
目前学界对于补语的看法各不相同，补语的分类更是十分复杂，分类标准、分类方式更是各有不同。
截至目前，语言学界对于补语的分类依然存在着分歧。
本文参考刘月华《实用现代汉语语法》一书中对于补语的分类方式，对汉语补语的翻译进行研究。
二、现代汉语补语的翻译现代汉语补语的体系庞大，内容丰富。
本文将从结果补语、趋向补语、可能补语、情态补语、程度补语、数量补语、介词短语补语七类补语的角度出发，探讨其翻译方法。
（一）结果补语汉语结果补语主要表示动作或状态的结果，与中心语存在因果关系，常用形容词和动词表示。
1.若语义中心落在补语上，补语完全可以说明或表达语意，此时仅译补语，补语直接表达为谓语。
“他们打<破>了世界纪录。
”“打破”语义中心在“破”，所以只译补语“破”，不译谓语“打”。
因此将其译为“我们把世界纪录破了。
”此时动词位于句末，补语译为谓语。
2.若语义中心在谓语上，一般可借助目的语中的助动词表达。
“今天的作业写<完>了。
”语义中心在谓语上，此时谓语动词以副动词+助动词形式出现，“写完”使用助动词进行表达，助动词与副动词结合表示动作全部完成。
3.若动词所造成的结果的原因不止一种，且如果不译动词会产生歧义，此时谓语和补语都要进行翻译。
“他淹<死>了。
”由于前一种动作“淹”的发生导致了后一种结果“死”。
裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记_第6课_课文讲解
TextI have just moved to a house in Bridge Street. Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door. He asked me for ameal and a glass of beer. In return for this， the beggar stood on his head and sang songs. I gave him a meal. He ate the food and drank the beer. Then he put a piece of cheese in his pocket and went away.Later a neighbour told me about him. Everybody knows him. His name is Percy Buttons. He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.I have just moved to a house in Bridge Street.just adv刚刚在国家/街道/城市前统统不加冠词，所以是in Bridge Street.move1v移动，改变位置eg move a chair nearer to the fire 把椅子移近这堆火2v搬家，迁居eg He couldn't pay his rent, so he had to move out. 他付不起房租，所以他不得不搬出。
3v使心动而（流泪/微笑等）eg Her story moved us to tears.eg We were greatly moved by his performance of the piano concerto. 我们为他的钢琴协奏曲的演奏而感动不已。
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第6课补语的翻译
1．教学目的（知识、能力）
补语是谓补结构中补充说明谓语的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分。
补语与谓语之间是补充与被补充、说明与被说明的关系。
本课的目的是使学生在了解补语表现的特点、作用的基础上，掌握补语表现的6种基本类型的翻译方法。
2．教学重点、难点
程度补语、结果补语、可能补语、趋向补语、时间/场所补语、动量补语的日译表现形式。
3．教学方法
根据补语表现类型的不同，分别以汉语句子为例，讲授汉语中补语成分的日译方法。
4．教学课时4课时两课时讲解理论，两课时确认作业
5．教学步骤
A．程度补语
（1）以“～ほど～だ”“～て～ほどだ（～しそうだ）”的形式翻译的情况
◆说话的声音小得听不见。
話し声が小さくて聞こえないほどだ。
（2）以“～てたまらない”“～てしかたがない”“～てしようがない”“～てやりきれない”等形式翻译的情况
◆肚子痛得厉害。
お腹が痛くてたまらない。
◆热得受不了。
暑くてやりきれない。
（3）以主谓结构“～が（は）～だ”形式翻译的情况
◆刘先生字写得非常好。
劉さんは字を書くのが大変上手だ。
（4）采用副词修饰的翻译方法
◆今天热得要命。
今日は無茶苦茶に暑い。
◆雪下得厉害。
雪がどかどか降る。
（5）使用惯用语的翻译方法
◆他们兄弟俩长得一模一样。
彼ら兄弟はまるで瓜二つだ。
◆羞得无地自容。
穴があれば入りたいほど恥ずかしい。
（6）其它翻译形式
◆高兴得哭了起来。
あまりの嬉しさに泣き出した。
◆腼腆得像个姑娘。
もじもじとまるで小娘みたいだ。
B．结果补语
（1）汉语中“动词＋得＋补语”的形式，一般用表示因果关系的“～て（で）～”形式翻译成日语。
◆风刮得尘土飞扬。
風が吹いて土埃が舞い上がる。
（2）汉语中“动词＋补语”的形式，这种情况多用日语中的复合动词翻译。
◆他的推理小说，我已经看腻了。
彼の推理小説は僕はもう読み飽きた。
C．可能补语
在汉语句中往往以“动词＋得（不）＋补语”的形式构成。
（1）表示动作或行为能否实现，根据后面补语的性质状况，这种表达同时也是在说明一种理由，因此日译过程中有时也需要对理由这部分
进行增译。
◆吃得了。
（たったこれだけ）いくらでも食べ切れる。
◆吃不了。
（こんなにたくさん）とても食べきれない。
（2）表示“情理上许可不许可”、“准许不准许”的意思，这种情况一般日译成“～してはいけない”的形式比较好。
◆那种地方去不得。
あんなところへはいっちゃいけない。
（3）表示特定的意思，是种惯用的表达。
在日译过程中需要注意选用恰当的词。
◆田中先生很想得开。
田中さんはとても諦めがいい。
D．趋向补语
汉语中动词后由表示趋向的动词“出、来、上去、下来”等构成补语，日译时可以用复合动词或“～てくる”“～ていく”的形式表达。
◆阿敏买来面包、香肠，大家凑合吃了一顿。
阿敏がパンやソーセージを買ってきたので、皆それを食べてなんと
か間に合わせた。
E．时间/场所补语
◆我在日本学习过一年。
私は日本に一年間留学した。
◆姐姐出生于1943年。
姉さんは1943年に生まれました。
F ．动量补语
◆今天的气温比昨天一下子降了8度。
今日の気温は昨日に比べていっぺんに８度も下がった。
G练习
一、把下面的句子翻译成日语
1. 也许因为刚吃完饭，皮带勒得要命。
さっきご飯を食べおわったばかりだからか、バンドがきつくてたまらない。
2. 今天早上公共汽车挤得要命。
今朝はバスが物凄く込んでいた。
3. 他去得起北京，去不起东京。
彼は北京にいく金はあるが、東京まで行く金はない。
4. 这部电影的外景拍摄在哪儿呢？
この映画のロケはどこでとったんですか。
5. 做同样一件事，他比小张多用了两个小时。
同じひとつの仕事をしても、彼は張君より2時間も余計に時間がかかった。
6. 关于那件事我们商量一下再做决定吧。
例の件については、ちょっと相談したうえで改めて決めましょう。
7.走慢点儿，人家走不动了。
ゆっくり行ってくれよ、こっちは歩けないんだから。
8.那天早上我们赶到现场时，天安门广场上已经人山人海了。
その日の朝我々が現場に到着したときは、天安門広場はすでに人の波で埋まっていた。
9.村边的那棵大槐树被台风刮倒了。
村外れのあの槐樹（えんじゅ）の大木が台風で吹き倒されてしまった。
10.这些美术明信片很好看，我每一样买了三张。
この絵はがきはとても綺麗だったので、どれも三枚ずつ買った。
11.那家商店经常卖假货，买不得。
その店はよく偽物を売っているから買っちゃあいけない。
12.他让钱愁得一夜之间好像老了许多。
彼は金の心配で、一晩のうちにすっかり老（ふ）けてしまった。
二、把下面的短文翻译成日语。
女性的和服，根据穿的人是已婚还是未婚，或者去什么场合，在质地、花样、颜色、款式上有各种区别。
腰带的作用是把和服固定在身体上，其系法有很多种，叫法也很多，即可作为一种装饰又能使和服穿着时显得协调。
过去，和服有一般
的服装，现在只在过年、成人节、大学毕业典礼、婚礼、茶道、插花表演、葬礼等主要场合才穿一下。
不过也有些老年妇女还是喜欢经常穿和服的。
西服是根据人的体型定做的，而和服要穿得得体，工夫是在着装上，所以不容易。
如今大多数妇女靠自己一个人已经穿不好和服了，所以碰到要穿和服的时候，只好到美容院求助于职业和服着装师了。
（女性の着物は、未婚か既婚かによって、あるいはどういう場に着ていくかによって、布地、模様、色合い、仕立て方など、いろいろな種類がある。
帯は着物を固定するために結ぶが、これにもいろいろな結び方と名称があり、アクセントと装飾になっている。
着物は昔は普段着であったが、現在では、正月、成人式、大学の卒業式、結婚式、お花やお茶の会、葬式などがおもな着用の機会となっている。
年配者のなかには日ごろから着用している人もいる。
洋服が着る人の体型に合わせて作られているのに対し、着物は着付けによって体に合わせていくため、着方が難しく、現代の女性の大部分は、ひとりで着物を着ることができなくなっている。
そのため、とくに正装するときには、美容院に行って専門の着付け師に依頼しなければならない。
）。