介词和介词词组

介词和介词词组

介词是一种虚词，不能单独作句子成分。必须有名词或代词作它的宾语构成介词词组或短语。英语中的介词大致可以分为：

简单介词，如：at, after, by, in, of, till, to, with 等合成介词，如：into, outside, upon, without 等成语介词，如：according to, as to, because of 等1．介词的位置

(a)介词一般放在名词或代词前。

The arrival of the delegation was warmly welcomed.

After midnight, the rain began to fall.

(b)介词可放在疑问句或定语从句末。

Who(m) were you talking to just now on the phone?

Do you remember the name of the book which the teacher referred us to?

(c)介词可以放在连接代词和之前，甚至放在句首。如：With whom did you go shopping yesterday? At what time do you have supper every day?

2.介词的用法

介词的用法非常复杂，要掌握它就要下工夫，首先要了解一些主要介词的基本意思，同时要注意和其它词的搭配，特别是动词、形容词和名词与介词的搭配，在学习时，一定要熟记一批这样的固定搭配关系。如：

(a)和动词的固定搭配

advise against doing sth agree about sth. agree to a proposal agree with sb. aim

at/for a target apologize to sb.for sth. apply to sb.for sth. approve of

sb./sth. arrive at/in ask for sb./sth.

laugh at /about sb./sth. listen to sb./sth.

look after sb./sth.

look at sb./sth. look

for sb./sth.

meet with sb.

object to sb./sth.

pay for sb./sth. quarrel with sb.about sth.

read about sth.

begin with sth. believe in sb./sth.

belong to sb/sth. borrow from sb.

choose between confess to sb./to sth deal with sb./a problem depend on sb./sth. differ from sb./sth.

dream about/of doing emerge

from a place fail in reason with sb. refer to

sb./sth.

rely on sb./sth reply to sb. report on sb/sth to sb.

resign from a job

retire from one ' sjob search for sb./sth.

talk to sb.about sth.

(it) smell of sth.

succeed in doing sth.

suffer from sth.

trade with sb./in sth. trust in sb./sth. vote for/against sb./sth.

wait for sb./sth.

write to sb.about sth 的结构中 explain sth.to sb. forgive sb.for sth. hide sth.from sb. identify sth. with/as sth. include sth. in sth.else inform sb.of/about sth. insure sb.against sth. interest sb.in sth. invest money in sth. lend sth.to sb. neglect sb./sth.for sb./sth. refer sb.sth.to sb. remind sb.of sb./sth. repeat sth.to sb. reserve sth.for sb. rob sb.of sth. share sth.with sb. steal sth. from sb. stop sb.from doing sth. discuss sth.with sb. excuse sb. for sth. free from full of sth. good at(doing) sth. grateful to sb.for sth. happy about/at/over/with interested in/by sb./sth. keen on (doing)sth. kind to sb. late for work obliged to sb./sth.

pleased about/with sb./sth. sad

about sb./sth. satisfied with

sb./sth. seperated from sth.

sorry about/for(doing) sth.

sorry for sb.

identify with sb. insist

on doing knock at know of

/about wish for (b) 在 “动词＋宾语＋介词 absent oneself from work accuse sb.of sth.

adapt sth.to sty. add

sth .to admire sb.for sth.

advise sb.about sth. appoint

sb.as/to a post arrange sth.

for sb. assess sth at a price

associate sb./sth. with attach

sth.to sth.

blame sb.for sth.

charge sth.to my account

charge sb.with a crime combine

sth.with sth.

compare sb./sth.with

congratulate sb.on sth.

convert sb.to sth. defend

sb. from sth. tell

sb.about sth.

translate sth.from/into

(c) 在与形容词连用的结构中

absent from a place afraid

of sb./sth. angry at/about

sth.

angry with annoyed at

/about annoyed with sb.

anxious about/over

sb./sth. aware of sb./sth.

awful at (doing) sth. bored

by/with sb./sth. capable

of (doing)sth. careless of

danger connect with sth.

contrary to sth.

different from/to sb./sth.

eager for sth.