介词加关系代词引导的定语从句

由介词 + which / whom引导的定语从句
例句：
1) Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music?
2) They may start as a group of high-school students, for whom practising their music in someone’s house is the first step to fame.
3) Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash.
4) The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.
5) However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band.
6) They produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band.
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。

当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。

例如：
The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher.
=The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.
一、基本构成
1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom(指人) ，即：介词+which/whom。

（1）The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.
（2）The city in which she lives is far away.
（3）The little girl is reading a book,in which there are many cartoons.
注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。

2.关系副词when，where，why可用“介词＋which”来代替。

关系副词实际上是介词＋先
行词。

其中
when=表时间的介词（如：in，at,on,during等）+which；
Where=表地点的介词（如：in，at,on,under等）+which；
Why=表原因的介词（如：for）+which
(1)当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时
也可选用表示时间的介词＋which来代替关系副词when。

I still remember the day when I came here. ( on the day =when)
(2)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此
时也可选用表示地点的介词＋which来代替关系副词where。

This is the house where I lived last year. ( in the house= where) (3)当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，
此时也可以用for which来代替关系副词why。

There are many reasons why people like traveling. (for the reasons =why)
注意：
1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开, 介词仍放在短语动词的后面。

如: look for, look after, take care of， pay attention to, look forward to 等。

This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for.
2.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most,
each, few等代词或者数词,表示先行词的一部分或全部。

He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
二．介词的选择
1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。

Eg:Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?
The school (which/that ) he once studied in is very famous.
=The school in which he once studied is very famous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。

2.根据从句中动词与形容词的搭配。

The student to whom I want to be grateful is Tom.
3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：
Eg:1949 was the year in which the P.R.C was founded.
4.根据从句的意义来确定介词。

My computer, without which I can’t play computer games, broke down yesterday.
昨天我的电脑坏了，没有它我不能玩电脑游戏。

5. whose可转换为“ of +关系代词”型。

They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.
一. 填空。

1. This is the gun _____ _______ the hunter shot the antelope.
2. The athletes _______ _____ he will compete come from Greece and Czech Republic.
3. He’ll never forget the day ____ ______ he was admitted to the Olympic Games
for the first time.
4. The musicians _____ ______ we have great interest toured Europe with us.
5. The sun gives us heat and light, _______ which we can’t live.
6. I’ll never forget the day ___ which she said good-bye to me.
7. Who can give me the reason ____ which he hasn’t turned up yet?
8. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ________ she could turn
for help.
9. The man __________ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.
10. The room __________ my family live used to be a garage.
11. Did you find the pen ___________ I wrote just now?
12. Did you find the paper __________ I wrote my letter?
13. Did you find the composition ______ I wrote just now?
Keys:1.with which 2.against whom 3.on which 4.in whom 5.without 6.on 7.for 8.to whom 9.with whom 10.in which 11.with which 12.on which 13.which。