新编大学英语4(浙大版)
浙大版新编大学英语第四册第三单元课文翻译
Unit 3从文化角度看性别角色l 在过去的几十年里，已经无数次地证实了这样一个事实：构成男子阳刚之气和女子阴柔之气的各种不同类型的行为、情感、和兴趣都既是遗传又是文化熏陶的结果。
在成长的过程中，每个孩子学会了细微的行为举止，数量之多数以百计，这一切都带有文化的烙印，成了他们性别特征的一部分。
有些行为举止是直接学到的。
也就是说，别人教孩子如何恰如其分地行事，男有男的规矩，女有女的标准。
另一些跟性别有关的具体举止是无意识地或间接地学会的，因为文化为女孩子和男孩子提供的形象、向往的目标以及成人的榜样各不相同。
2 例如，最近对美国公立学校的一项研究显示，在教育中存在一种男孩比女孩更受偏爱的文化偏见。
据研究人员反映，这种偏爱是无意的、不知不觉的，但它确实存在，并每年都在影响着数百万计学生的生活。
为了研究在教育中存在的性别偏爱，戴维·赛德克博士和迈拉·赛德克博士，夫妇两个录制了教师在课堂上课的情形。
他们的研究显示，许多自认为无性别偏爱的教师惊奇地发现，从录像带上看他们竟是那么偏心。
从幼儿园到研究生课程，都可以看到教师们请男生回答问题的次数远比女生多。
这对学习过程有着巨大的影响，因为总的来说，那些积极的课堂活动参与者对学习更加乐观有信心，并能在今后取得更大的成就。
事实上，在20世纪60年代末期，当美国东北部多所最好的女子学院向男生开放之后，教授们和女学生们都发现男孩们正在“接管”课堂讨论，而女生积极参与的程度则明显下降。
近年来，在法学院和医学院的课堂上也发现了类似的情况：与男生相比女生处于次要的地位。
3 赛德克夫妇所做的研究显示，教师有时候会按照固有的性别模式给女孩子和男孩子布置不同的任务，这样便不知不觉地使女孩子不能像男孩子一样积极地参与。
例如，有位教师在给幼儿园的孩子上自然科学课时，不断地让小男孩去操作科学“实验”，而让女孩子只是做一些安置材料的工作。
既然使用课堂材料动手操作是早期教育的一个重要方面，这些女孩子就这样被剥夺了重要的学习经历，这会影响到她们今后的整个人生。
新编大学英语4课后答案(浙江大学)
新编大学英语4（浙大版）课内阅读译文及课后习题答案Unit 1享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。
这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。
那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。
这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。
我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。
这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。
3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。
而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。
我们都听人说过这样的话：“我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。
”有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。
一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。
一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。
一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。
这么说是有道理的。
4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。
我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。
通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。
而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。
布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。
外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：“啊哈，你又上了我的当。
”5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。
第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。
大学英语四[浙大版]
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新编大学英语（四）（浙大版）causal ['k3:zl]adj.原因的，关于因果的changeable ['t5eind94bl]adj.易变的，不定的committedadj.坚定的，献身的，忠诚的competingadj.抵触的，相互矛盾的contemplative ['k3ntempleitiv]adj.(好)沉思的，(爱)思考的engender [in'd9And4]v.造成，引起ethical ['e7ikl]adj.道德的，合乎道德标准的exterior [eks'ti4ri4]adj.外部的，外面的 n.外部，外表，外貌extrovert ['ekstrouv4:t]n.性格外向的人extrovertedadj.性格外向的fluctuate ['fl8ktjueit]v.起伏，波动，涨落fraternal [fr4't4:nl]adj.异卵双生的；兄弟(般)的，友爱的gloom [glu:m]n.忧郁，沮丧；昏暗，阴暗gloomy ['glu:mi]adj.忧郁的，沮丧的；昏暗的，阴暗的hunch [h8nt5]n.预感，直觉individualistic [individ9u4'listik]adj.显示个人独立性和个性的；个人主义的introvert ['intr4v4:t]n.性格内向的人lasting ['la:sti6]adj.持久的，永久的，耐久的metropolitan ['metr4'p3lit4n]adj.大都会的，大城市的mushroom ['m85rum]n.蘑菇 v.迅速生长，迅速发展mythical ['mi7ikl]adj.想象的，虚构的prematurelyadv.过早地，比预期时间早地pursuit [p4'sju:t]n.从事的事务，研究rating ['reiti6]n.评定的结果，品级rebound [ri'baund]v.恢复，振作，回升restraint [ris'treint]n.克制，抑制，限制；约束措施，约束条件sage [seid9]n.哲人，圣贤之人serenity [si'reniti]n.安详，宁静shackle ['51kl]n.脚镣，手铐 v.束缚spouse [spauz]n.配偶subjective [s8b'd9ektiv]adj.主观的，个人的supportive [s4'p3:tiv]adj.起支持作用的，支援的totalitarian [t4ut1li'tA4ri4n]adj.极权主义的virtuous ['v4:tju4s]adj.道德的，善良的，正直的be grounded in以……为基础，以……为根据in short总之，简而言之scores of许多；大量beck [bek]n.点头，招手chancellor ['t5a:ns4l4]n.(德国、奥地利等国的)总理collegiate [k4'li:d9iit]adj.大学的，大学生的czarina [z2:'ri:n4]n.沙皇皇后，女沙皇defect [di'fekt]n.缺点，缺陷，毛病diphtheria [dif'7iri4]n.白喉dismay [dis'mei]n.惊恐，惊愕；失望，气馁duchess ['d8t5is]n.公爵夫人，公爵遗孀，女公爵duke [dju:k]n.公爵，(欧洲公国的)君主empress ['empris]n.女皇，皇后fluentlyadv.流利地，流畅地governor ['g8v4n4]n.地方长官，州长liberal ['lib4r4l]adj.赞成进步或改革的；不受传统和准则约束的；开明的mythology [mi'73l4d9i]n.[总称]神话needleworkn.针线活，缝纫手艺nobleman ['n4ublm4n]n.出身或地位高贵的人，贵族princess [prin'ses]n.公主，王妃prominence ['pr3min4ns]n.显著，杰出revolt [ri'v4ult]n.起义，反叛willful ['wilf4l]adj.任性的，固执的be at someone's beck and call听候……的吩咐deny something to someone/deny someone something 拒绝给予fall ill得病put down镇压，平定；记下，写下reach an agreement取得一致意见，达成协议turn someone against someone else使……转而反对……，使……对……有偏见afflict [4'flikt]v.使苦恼，折磨altruistic [1ltru'istik]adj.利他主义的，无私的bald [b3:ld]adj.秃顶的custody ['k8st4di]n.监管，监护effortlesslyadv.毫不费力地，轻易地essentially [i'sen54li]adv.本质上地，实质上地ex-wifen.前妻internet ['int4net]n.国际互联网，因特网multiple ['m8ltipl]adj.多重的，复合的，多种多样的remarry ['ri:'m1ri]v.再婚sclerosis [sklir4'rousis]n.硬化(症)spiritual ['spiritju4l]adj.精神上的，心灵上的truism ['tru:izm]n.自明之理，众所周知的道理virtually ['v4:tju4li]adv.几乎，实际上aside from除……之外draw/come to/reach a conclusion得出结论，做出推论for life终身，一辈子live up to不辜负(期望)，达到(预期的标准) look up查找，查阅；抬头看miss the point没抓住要领，没领会含义owe it to someone to do something认为自己有必要为某人做……stumbling block绊脚石，障碍物take pleasure in以……为乐，以……为荣take the easy way out以省事的、但非最好的做法来回避困难aqueduct ['1kwid8kt]n.高架渠，渡槽，导水管，渠道barbarism ['b2:b4rizm]n.残暴行为，暴行cathedral [k4'7i:dr4l]n.教区总教堂，大教堂compromise ['k3mpr4maiz]n.妥协，折衷办法 v.妥协，折衷genocide ['d9en4said]n.种族灭绝，灭绝种族的大屠杀Gothic ['g37ik]adj.哥特式的，尖拱式的，哥特风格的inactive [in'1ktiv]adj.不活动的，消极的inquiry [in'kwai4ri]n.询问，打听；调查，探究lighten ['laitn]v.变得明亮，使……明亮liquor ['lik4]n.(AmE)酒，烈性酒mistreatmentn.虐待nonrenewableadj.不可再生的pyramid ['pir4mid]n.金字塔unavoidable [8n4'v3id4bl]adj.无法避免的unspoken ['8n'spouk4n]adj.未说出口的a feather in someone's cap某人的卓越成就，某人值得自豪的荣誉be subject to易受……；常遭……equate something with/to something else 把……和……等同起来for the better好转，向好的方面for the worse向坏的方面，恶化have no alternative but to do something 除……外别无选择，只好sit back袖手旁观，不采取行动admiration ['1dm4'rei54n]n.羡慕，钦佩；赞赏adorable [4'd3:r4bl]adj.迷人的，讨人喜欢的，可爱的aggravation [1gr4'vei54n]n.烦恼，恼火allowance [4'lau4ns]n.津贴，补贴，零用钱angle ['16gl]v.(用暗示等方法)取得，谋取 n.角，角度angst [16st]n.忧虑，疑惧(尤指对于世界局势) astonishment [4s't3ni5m4nt]n.惊奇，惊讶awhile [4'wail]adv.一会儿，片刻，暂时bait [beit]n.诱饵，诱惑物blazingadj.强烈的，燃烧的，炫目的brood [bru:d]v.忧思，沉思；(禽类)孵蛋confess [k4n'fes]v.承认；坦白crave [kreiv]v.渴望得到，迫切需要darkly ['da:kli]adv.悲观地，忧郁地detain [di'tein]v.耽搁；留住epistemology [ipist4'm3l4d9i]n.认识论expound [iks'paund]v.详述，阐述exult [ig'z8lt]v.狂喜，欢欣鼓舞forgivable [f4'giv4bl]adj.可原谅的，可宽恕的，可饶恕的gorgeous ['g3:d94s]adj.非常漂亮的，令人愉快的gourmet ['gu4mei]adj.美食(酒)的；菜肴(酒)精美的gross [gr4us]adj.粗俗的，粗野的；总的，毛的harshly ['ha:5li]adv.严酷地，无情地，严厉地injustice [in'd98stis]n.非正义，不公正，无道义meditativelyadv.深思地，沉思地name-dropv.借名流权贵来抬高自己narcissistic [`n2:si'sistik]adj.自我陶醉的，孤芳自赏的needy ['ni:di]adj.(处于)缺少或欠缺状态的；极其贫穷的；无生计的nonstop [n3n'st3p]adv.不停地 adj.不停的offensive [4'fensiv]adj.冒犯的，讨厌的，令人不快的outshine [aut'5ain]v.胜过，优于，使相形见绌overwhelming ['4uv4'hwelmi6]adj.巨大的，势不可挡的permissible [p4'mis4bl]adj.许可的，可允许的proclaim [pr4'kleim]v.宣告，宣布，声明restrained [ris'treind]adj.克制的，自制的，受约束的rivalry ['raiv4lri]n.竞争，竞赛，对抗scarf [ska:f]n.围巾，披肩scholarlyadj.有学者风度的，有学问的senate [senit]n.参议院，议会，最高立法机构senator ['sen4t4]n.参议员，议员shamelessly ['5eimlisli]adv.不知羞耻地，不谦虚地show-offn.爱炫耀或卖弄的人strut [str8t]v.炫耀技能、才智等；趾高气扬地走suffering ['s8f4ri6]n.肉体或内心的痛苦terrace ['ter4s]n.(房屋外的)平台，露台throb [7r3b]v.震颤，颤动；(急速强烈地)跳动，搏动tidings ['taidi6z]n.(plural, formal)消息，音信toot [tu:t]v.发出鸣声或嘟嘟声trashy ['tr15i]adj.毫无用处的，毫无价值的all of a sudden突然，出乎意料地angle for使用暗示手段以期获得某物count as看成，视为entitle somebody to something给……权利/所有权/资格lay/put one's cards on the table彻底公开，和盘托出show off炫耀自己的能力、财富、智慧等toot one's own horn(AmE. informal)自吹自擂，炫耀自己的才能、功绩work... into...把……穿插进，把……插入allege [4'led9]vt.(无证据或发现证据之前)指控，宣称alleged [4'led9id]adj.被指控的，嫌疑的aspic ['1spik]n.(花色)肉冻bigotry ['big4tri]n.偏执的行为、态度或信念blatant ['bleitnt]adj.无耻的，露骨的blowup ['blou'8p]n.(informal)激烈的争论，脾气爆发brawl [br3:l]n.争吵，打架burning ['b4:ni6]adj.强烈的，热烈的，迫切的calculation ['k1lkju'lei54n]n.计算，推算，估计(的结果)dealingsn.(plural)(私人或商务)交往、关系diaper ['dai4p4]n.(AmE)尿布effectiveness [i'fektivnis]n.有效，能产生预期效果embrace [im'breis]v.拥抱，怀抱 n.拥抱，怀抱forthrightlyadv.言行坦诚地，直率地harangue [h4'r16]n.慷慨冗长的训话，言辞激烈的讲话innocentlyadv.无恶意地，无害地miscarry [mis'k1ri]v.流产momentarily ['moum4nt4rili]adv.短暂地，瞬间地，片刻地Nazi ['n2:tsi:]adj.纳粹党的nightly ['naitli]adj.每夜的，夜间的obligate ['3bligeit]v.(在法律或道义上)强制……做某事，使负有责任，负有义务pajamas [p4'd9a:m4z]n.睡衣裤pandemonium ['p1ndi'mounj4m]n.大混乱，嘈杂骚乱(的场面)prosecution ['pr3si'kju:54n]n.控方，代表原告的律师rave [reiv]v.极力夸奖，狂热赞扬relieve [ri'li:v]v.缓解，减轻，解除(痛苦、忧虑、麻烦)repent [ri'pent]v.懊悔，后悔rundownn.扼要报告，总结sofa ['s4uf4]n.(长)沙发stun [st8n]v.使震惊，使目瞪口呆testify ['testifai]v.作证(尤指出庭)，证明tolerance ['t3l4r4ns]n.忍受，容忍unthinking [8n'7i6ki:6]adj.考虑不周的，疏忽的withdrawal [wi0'dr3:l]n.(社交场合或情绪方面的)冷漠；提款zip [zip]v.(用拉链或像拉链那样)合上或打开in order合适的，适宜的；整齐，有条不紊blurt out脱口而出come up出现，发生eat one's words承认说错，收回前言in the way妨碍，阻碍make peace with (someone)和解，言归于好run into (someone)偶然遇见(某人)speak up明确而坦率地发表意见straighten out处理，解决，整顿take... to heart对……深为感动，为……而悲痛weigh... against...权衡，掂量，斟酌zip one's lips缄口不言，不露风声appraisal [4'preizl]n.对……做出的评价；评价，鉴定，评估bothersome ['b304s4m]adj.引起麻烦的，令人厌烦的buster ['b8st4]n.(AmE)起破坏、制止作用的人或物completion [k4m'pli:54n]n.完成imperative [im'per4tiv]adj.必要的，紧急的incentive [in'sentiv]n.刺激，鼓励ingrained [in'greind]adj.根深蒂固的，牢固的interruption ['int4'r8p54n]n.中断，打断，阻碍manageable ['m1nid94bl]adj.可管理的，可处理的，易控制的momentum [mou'ment4m]n.动力，冲力，势头procrastinate [pr4u'kr1stineit]v.耽搁，拖延recommend ['rek4'mend]v.推荐，举荐；建议，劝告repercussion [ri:p4'k854n]n.(间接的)影响、后果representation ['reprizen'tei54n]n.表现，描述，描绘subconscious [s8b'k3n54s]adj.下意识的，潜意识的trivial ['trivi4l]adj.琐碎的，不重要的unrealistic ['8nri4'listik]adj.不切实际的，不现实的break down... into...把……分解为、分(类)为bring... to a halt使停止，使停顿下来clean up做完，完成；彻底扫除，收拾干净；整治，清除cross... off划掉，勾销fall victim to成为……的受害者、牺牲品put... into effect实行，实现，使生效accessory [1k'ses4ri]n.附件，附属品；(为全套衣服增加美感的)服饰，小件air-conditionern.空调器appalling [4'p3:li6]adj.骇人的，严重的begrudge [bi'gr8d9]v.吝啬，舍不得给bloated ['bloutid]adj.极其富裕娇惯的boom [bu:m]v. & n.激增，繁荣，迅速发展burial ['beri4l]n.埋葬，葬礼butt [b8t]n.柄，底端，蒂头cemetery ['semitri]n.公墓；墓地collection [k4'lek54n]n.收取，取走，收集；收藏品，收集的东西conservation ['k3ns4'vei54n]n.保存，保护，避免浪费disorganization [dis'3:g4n4'zei54n]n.无组织，无秩序，混乱dispensable [di'spens4bl]adj.不必要的，不重要的，可省去的disposal [dis'p4uz4l]n.消除，处置，处理；(装在厨房洗涤槽排水管内的)弃菜碾碎器doting ['douti6]adj.溺爱的，宠爱的dump [d8mp]v.丢弃，倾卸，倾倒；倾销，抛售duplication [dju:pli'kei54n]n.重复，复制errand ['er4nd]n.差使(如送信、买东西等)；(短程)差事exclude [iks'klu:d]v.将……排除在外，不包括exclusive [iks'klu:siv]adj.不包括的，不算在内的；独有的，独享的expediency [iks'pi:dj4nsi]n.权宜之计facial ['fei54l]adj.面孔的，面部用的Fifin.一种名贵的宠物狗finance [fai'n1ns, fi-]n.财务管理，财政，金融；财源，资金flush [fl85]n.冲刷，冲洗；脸泛红fondnessn.喜爱，深情foresight ['f3:sait]n.先见之明，深谋远虑gallon ['g1l4n]n.[液量单位]加伦groom ['gru:m]v.刷洗，照看(马、狗等)haul [h3:l]v.(用车等)运送，拖运；(用力)拖，拉householder ['haushould4]n.房主，户主insulation [insju'lei54n]n.隔热、隔音、绝缘材料lavish ['l1vi5]v.滥用，挥霍，慷慨地给予(plural)leftoversn.剩饭菜litter ['lit4]n.杂物，垃圾 v.乱丢东西于……，使……一片凌乱lure [lju4]v.引诱，诱惑，吸引marked [ma:kt]adj.明显的，易见的marketing ['m2:kiti:6]n.销售，经销obtainable [4b'tein4bl]adj.能得到的，可获得的occupant ['3kjup4nt]n.居住者，占用者offender [4'fend4]n.犯罪者，犯错误者package ['p1kid9]v.包装，把……装盒/袋(尤其为出售) n.包，包裹，包在一起的东西painfully ['peinfuli]adv.困难地，麻烦地，痛苦地parlor ['pa:l4]n.(AmE)专营……的店patriotic ['p1tri'3tik]adj.爱国的，有爱国心的poodle ['pu:dl]n.长鬈毛狗populace ['p3pjul4s]n.百姓，平民，大众recycle ['ri:'saikl]v.回收利用(废物等)spendthrift ['spend7rift]n.挥霍者，败家子spur [sp4:]n.刺激(物)，激励 v.激励，鞭策，促进statisticallyadv.根据统计数据来看，从统计学的观点来看steepen ['sti:p4n]v.使(物价或数额)过高，(使)变得昂贵surplus ['s4:pl4s]n.过剩，剩余 adj.剩余的，过剩的thermostat ['74:m4st1t]n.恒温器throwaway ['7rou4wei]adj.用后即扔的，浪费的widespread ['waidspred]adj.普遍的，广泛的wrap [r1p]v.裹，包burn up(炉火等)烧旺起来，燃烧；烧毁cut down on减少，削减exclusive of不包括，不算在内(at) full blast全力地，全速地，开足马力地lavish... on/upon滥用，浪费，慷慨地给予lure into诱骗……进入(某处(或做(某事)spur-of-the-moment即兴的，一时兴起的run up积欠(账款、债务等)wind up落得……下场，以……告终authoritarian [3:'73ri'tA4ri4n]adj.主张绝对服从权力的boredom ['b3:d4m]n.厌烦；厌倦collaborativeadj.协作的，合作的daycaren.日托，日间照管儿童flextime ['flekstaim]n.弹性工作时间制harassment ['h1r4sm4nt]n.骚扰high-profileadj.引人注目的integrity [in'tegriti]n.正直；诚实investor [in'vest4]n.投资者mindful ['maidful]adj.注意……的；留心……的mindless ['maindlis]adj.无须动脑筋的；无须集中注意力的ongoing ['3ngoui6]adj.进行中的，不间断的operator ['3p4reit4]n.(设备、机器等的)操作员，话务员prestigious [pres'tid9i4s]adj.有声望的profitability [pr3fit4'biliti]n.赢利temporarily ['temp4r4rili]adv.暂时地，临时地varied ['vA4rid]adj.不同的；各种各样的workforcen.劳动力be mindful of注意；留心be reluctant to do something不情愿做某事be sensitive to something对……敏感的；对……同情理解的judge... by以……来判断；用……衡量；从……看lay off(暂时)解雇雇员make some difference有些……作用或影响make a difference有……作用或影响make no difference没有……作用或影响to the best of one's potential尽其所能blackout ['bl1kaut]n.断电，停电individualism [indi'vid9u4lizm]n.个性(独立思考、行动的原则或习惯) leisure ['le94]n.空闲；闲暇paperworkn.文书工作pleasurable ['ple94r4bl]adj.令人愉快的；使人快乐的urban ['4:b4n]adj.市镇的workaholic [w4:k4'h3lik]n.工作狂，工作迷workaholismn.沉迷于工作，迷恋工作be incapable of (doing something) 不能做某事fill up填满；装满let someone/something go松开或释放某人/某物make room for给……腾出地方on a(n)... basis以某方式或方法wear someone out使某人筋疲力尽bitterness ['bit4nis]n.怨恨conceivably [k4n'si:v4bli]adv.想象中；可能dearly ['di4li]adv.充满深清地deceased [di'si:st]adj.已死的，死去了的discreetly [dis'kri:tli]adv.(言行)审慎地，慎重地instantly ['inst4ntli]adv.立即，马上lineup ['lain8p]n.一行人，一排人monthly ['m8n7li]adj.每月的；每月一次的obituary [4'bit5u4ri]n.讣告replacement [ri'pleism4nt]n.替代人，替代物；接替者，接替物salad ['s1l4d]n.色拉look someone in the eye直视某人make inquiries about询问pick someone/something out辨认出，分辨出stay up不去睡；醒着amusement [4'mju:zm4nt]n.娱乐；消遣assemble [4'sembl]vt.聚集；收集briefcase ['bri:fkeis]n.公文包cab [k1b]n.出租汽车chapter ['t51pt4]n.(书等的)章，回，篇cityscape ['sitiskeip]n.城市风光，城市景色clutter ['kl8t4]n.使杂乱，乱堆放communal ['k3mjunl]adj.公有的，共有的commute [k4'mju:t]v.(指在城市与郊区之间上下班的)定期往返，通勤dressing ['dresi6]n.穿衣embark [im'ba:k]v.(使)上船(或飞机/汽车等)flashy ['fl15i]adj.奢华的；炫耀的flirt [fl4:t]v.卖弄风情，调情fuss [f8s]v.过分关心；过分体贴 n.大惊小怪；小题大做groan [gr4un]v.呻吟；叹息；抱怨headquarters ['hed'kw3:t4z]n.总部；司令部ignorant ['ign4r4nt]adj.不知道的，无知的，愚昧的import [im'p3:t' 'imp3:t]v.进口；输入；引进kimono [ki'mounou]n.和服mustache [m4s'ta:5]n.(AmE)髭,八字须necktie ['nektai]n.(AmE)领带neon ['ni:3n]n.氖noodle ['nu:dl]n.(常用复数)面条outing ['auti6]n.短途旅行；远足partition [pa:'ti54n]n.分隔物；隔墙；隔板pickle ['pikl]n.腌菜pornographic [p3:n4'gr1fik]adj.色情的；淫秽作品的scrub [skr8b]v.彻底擦洗seniority [si:ni'2:iti]n.资深；职位高；年长，年高slack [sl1k]adj.懈怠；懒散sushi ['su:si]n.寿司throng [7r36]n.一大群；聚集的人群a batch of(人或物的)一批adapt (...) to something(使)适应，(使)适合body and soul全心全意地；完完全全地count on依靠，指望dig in开始吃embark on开始；从事(尤指新的或困难的事) fuss over过分关心；过分体贴hail someone/something as something 热情赞扬head for朝……行进let someone down使某人失望push one's way往前挤；挤scrub... down彻底擦洗slack off懈怠；懒散touch on/upon提及或涉及abdicate [1bdi'keit]v.放弃(责任、义务)academician [4k1d4'mi54n]n.学者，大学教师，知识分子bud [b8d]v.萌发；发芽，长出花蕾 n.芽，苞，蓓蕾code [k4ud]n.准则，规范；密码，代码conceptual [k4n'sept5u4l]adj.概念的，观念的dishonest [dis'3nist]adj.不诚实的dual ['dju:4l]adj.双(重)的，两重的flourishing ['fl4:i5i6]adj.繁荣的，盛行的frustratingadj.使人沮丧的，令人泄气的gifted ['giftid]adj.有天才的, 有才华的hackern.利用电脑系统窃取资料或存款者，黑客inconsistency [ink4n'sist4nsi]n.不一致，前后矛盾ingenious [in'd9i:nj4s]adj.(设计)巧妙的，有独创性的irresistible ['iri'zist4bl]adj.非常诱人的，无法拒绝的，无法抗拒的outspoken [aut'spouk4n]adj.坦率的，直言不讳的pamphlet ['p1mflit]n.小册子pedagogical [ped4'g3d9ikl]adj.教学(法)的peek [pi:k]v.偷看，窥视precaution [pri'k3:54n]n.预防，防备，预防措施presumably [pri'zju:m4bli]adv.据推测，大概，可能prevalent ['prev4l4nt]adj.流行的，普遍的prospect ['pr3spekt, pr4s'pekt] n.前景，前途seminar ['semina:]n.研究班；研讨会shoplifting ['53plifti6]n.(装作顾客进行)商店货物扒窃sub-committeen.(委员会下的)小组委员会，小组tempting ['tempti6]adj.诱人的, 吸引人的troublingadj.令人不安的，令人烦恼的visor ['vaiz4]n.帽舌Walkmann.随身听cut down on减少，削减for one举个例子说for the most part多半，在很大程度上get a handle on理解，控制lay/put a guilt trip on使……有负罪感on the threshold of在……的开始(或初期)take root确立，建立，根深蒂固dilemma [di'lem4]n.困境，(进退两难的)窘境furtive ['f4:tiv]adj.鬼鬼祟祟的，偷偷摸摸的impoverishedadj.贫困的，赤贫的lobby ['l3bi]n.大厅，门厅，穿堂mosque [m3sk]n.清真寺municipal [mju:'nisip4l]adj.市的，市政的Muslim ['muzlim]n.伊斯兰教徒plaza ['pl2:z4]n.广场，市场pollster ['poulst4]n.民意测验者，民意调查者populous ['p3pjul4s]adj.人口稠密的，人口众多的revealingadj.发人深省的，揭露内情的，坦诚的shrine [5rain]n.圣殿，神庙staggering ['st1g4ri6]adj.惊人的stall [st3:l]n.店铺，摊位unnoticed ['8n'noutist]adj.未察觉的，未注意到的in action在活动，在运行中on the spot立即；在现场turn in交上，上缴；交(作业、写好的文字材料) wrestle with全力对付，努力克服arrogant ['1r4g4nt]adj.傲慢的，自大的civilized ['sivilaizd]adj.有教养的，文雅的concede [k4n'si:d]v.承认，承认……为真(或正确)coward ['kau4d]n.懦夫，胆小鬼credibility ['kredi'biliti]n.可靠性，可信度evasion [i'vei94n]n.回避真相的说法，借口fake [feik]v.假装，伪装flattery ['fl1t4ri]n.奉承，恭维话incorruptible [ink4'r8pt4bl] adj.不受腐蚀的，廉洁的，正直的initially [i'ni54li]adv.起先，开始intolerant [in't3l4r4nt]adj.不容忍的justifiedadj.正当的，有理的liar ['lai4]n.说谎者oversleep ['4uv4'slip]v.睡过头presumptuous [pri'z8mptju4s] adj.专横的，自以为是的triangulation [trai16gju'lei54n] n.形成或分成三角(关系)back up证实，支持；复制；(使)倒退be stuck with无法摆脱，解脱不了build up(使)增强、增大carry off成功地处理或应付；拿走，夺走end/wind up doing something结果……give away暴露，泄露go along (with)赞成，附和indulge in纵容，放纵keep/hold... at bay阻止……发生，使……无法靠近last resort最后一着on behalf of代表某人；为了某人on the grounds of由于……的原因shelter... from使……免于……，防止……遭受……up a storm热情地，干劲十足地ace [eis]n.A纸牌，幺点骨牌analogy [4'n1l4d9i]n.相似(之处))，类比，比拟bluff [bl8f]v.虚张声势，用假象骗人 n.虚张声势，欺骗bluffer [bl8f4]n.用假象骗人的人concealment [k4n'si:lm4nt]n.隐藏, 掩盖，隐瞒deception [di'sep54n]n.欺骗, 蒙蔽defendant [di'fend4nt]n.被告，被告人distrust [dis'tr8st]n.怀疑falsehood ['f3:lshud]n.谎言，欺骗forcefullyadv.强有力地，有说服力地fraud [fr3:d]n.骗子，欺诈行为indifferent [in'difr4nt]adj.冷漠的，不关心的integral ['intigr4l]adj.必不可少的，构成整体所必需的legal ['li:gl]adj.法律(上)的，合法的，法定的Midwesternadj.美国中西部的obligation ['3bli'gei54n]n.义务，职责，责任obstacle ['3bst4kl]n.障碍(物)，妨碍openheartednessn.亲切和善，真诚坦率piously ['pai4sli]adv.虔诚地poker ['p4uk4]n.扑克preach [pri:t5]v.宣讲，劝告prevailing [pri'veili6]adj.占优势的，普遍的resigned [ri'zaind]adj.听任于，顺从sleeve [sli:v]n.袖子statesman ['steitsm4n]n.政治家tactic ['t1ktik]n.方法，策略treacherous ['tret54r4s]adj.背信弃义的，不忠的tycoon [tai'ku:n]n.(企业界的)巨头，大亨unethical [8n'e7ikl]adj.不道德的warrant ['w3r4nt]n.证明(某事物)正当、有理或恰当abide by遵守，信守call for要求，需要depart from背离，违反(every) now and then有时，不时地frown on/upon不赞许，对……皱眉get (someone) off逃脱惩罚，使……逃脱惩罚in the long run从长远来看，最终match... against... 使……与……相较量on that account由于那个缘故reflect on招致非议，给……带来影响with (some) heat情绪激烈地academicallyadv.学业上assertive [4's4:tiv]adj.果断的，自信的，有冲劲的attractivenessn.魅力，吸引力consistency [k4n'sist4nsi]n.一贯性，前后一致conversational [k3nv4'sei54nl] adj.善于辞令的，会话的determinant [di't4:min4nt]n.决定因素deviate ['di:vieit]v.背离，偏离disconcertingadj.令人不安的，令人烦恼的drastically ['dr1stik4li]adv.极端地，严厉地favorable ['feiv4r4bl]adj.赞同的，称赞的；有利的，顺利的favorably ['feiv4r4bli]adv.赞同地，有利地heart-warmingadj.暖人心房的imperfection [imp4'fek54n]n.缺陷，缺点，不完美likable ['laik4bl]adj.可爱的，值得喜欢的moderately ['m3d4ritli]adv.适中地，有限地overstate ['ouv4'steit]v.言过其实，夸大pervasivenessn.遍布，普遍蔓延polished ['p3li5t]adj.有礼貌的，文雅的sexuallyadv.两性之间地sincerity [sin'seriti]n.真诚，诚挚，诚实startling ['sta:tli6]adj.令人吃惊的，惊人的stature ['st1t54]n.身高stepsister ['stepsist4]n.同父异母(或同母异父)的姐姐或妹妹surmise [s4:maiz]v.推测，猜测unfavorable [8n'feivr4bl]adj.否定的，不利的unruly [8n'ru:li]adj.不守规矩的，不受约束的urbanize ['4:b4naiz]v.使都市化wicked ['wikid]adj.坏的，邪恶的be concerned with关心give someone the benefit of the doubt给予肯定的判断；或者假定某人是无辜的point to显出大有可能……，表明是……的迹象spring from出于，由……而来，由……造成top it (all) off更有甚者，最妙的是，最糟糕的是amateur ['1m4t4:]n.外行，粗通某一行的人；业余爱好者；业余运动员ascertain ['1s4'tein]v.查明，确定，弄清beige [bei9]n.米黄色 adj.米黄色的determinable [di't4:min4bl] adj.可确定的，可测定的discredit [dis'kredit]v.使不相信，使怀疑distinctly [dis'ti6ktli]adv.清楚地，显然duplicate ['dju:plikit]v.重复；复制，复印erroneous [i'r4unj4s]adj.错误的，不正确的extrasensory ['ekstr4'ses4ri] adj.超感官的frivolous ['friv4l4s]adj.不重要的，无意义的glorify ['gl3:rifai]vt.使显得更重要，美化hypothesis [hai'p37isi:z]n.假设，假说hypothesize [hai'p374saiz] v.假设，假定，猜测ineffective [in4'fektiv]adj.无效的，效率低的intrinsic [in'trinsik]adj.固有的，内在的，本质的intuitivelyadv.直觉地neighborhood ['neib4hud] n.四邻，街坊；邻近地区，附近nondescript ['n3ndiskript] adj.平凡无奇的，无明显特征的perk [p4:k]v.振作，活跃起来precondition ['pri:k4n'di54n]v.预先影响或处理，使先有准备predominance [pri'd3min4ns]n.(力量，数量等的)优势preliminary [pri'limin4ri]adj.初步的，预备的receptionist [ri'sep54nist]n.接待员shabby ['51bi]adj.衣衫褴褛的，不体面的；破旧的splurge [spl4:d9]v.挥霍，乱花statistic [st4'tistik]n.统计数值，统计资料statistics [st4'tistiks]n.统计学statistical [st4'tistikl]adj.统计(上)的，统计学(上)的subconsciouslyadv.下意识地，潜意识地suburban [s4'b4:b4n]adj.城郊的，在郊区的versus ['v4:s4s]prep.(比赛等中)以……为对手，对……；与……相对，与……相比之下at random随意地，任意地average out (at/to/into)平均(为……)cater to迎合，投合clear-cut清楚的，明显的，不含糊的early on在初期，在早期hold up证明属实，经受考验in all probability很可能，十之八九in charge主管；掌管in the long run从长远看，终究set something in motion开动，使某物开始运转或工作straight out坦率地，直言地alphabetize ['1lf4b4taiz]v.依字母顺序排列band [b1nd]n.乐队；带，带形物boarding schooln.寄宿学校bulletin ['bulitin]n.小报，会刊；简明新闻，新闻快报catalog ['k1t4l3g]n.目录(册)，一览表cavalier ['k1v4'li4]adj.满不在乎的，轻蔑的charitable ['t51r4t4bl]adj.仁慈的，慷慨的，慈悲为怀的clipping ['klipi6]n.剪报closet ['kl3zit]n.壁橱，橱柜corsage [k3:'s2:9]n.(佩带的)装饰花束coupon ['ku:p3n]n.优惠券，礼券den [den]n.舒适的房间、私室或书斋drainer ['drein4]n.滴水用具，滤干器excavation ['eksk4'vei54n] n.挖掘或发掘现场flea [fli:]n.跳蚤foil [f3il]n.箔，金属薄片geranium [d9i'reinj4m]n.天竺葵hardwood ['h2:dwud]n. & adj.硬木(的) heading ['hedi6]n.标题heirloom ['A4lum]n.传家宝memento [mi'ment4u]n.纪念品messy ['mesi]adj.零乱的，杂乱的，肮脏的plea [pli:]n.请求，恳求profession [pr4'fe54n]n.职业，专业工作reuse ['ri:'ju:z]v.再使用rinse [rins]v.冲洗salvage ['s1lvid9]v.挽救，抢救sloppinessn.凌乱，马虎unvarying [8n'veri6]adj.经久不变的，从无变化的wad [w3d]v.使……成一团wardrobe ['w3:dr4ub]n.衣橱at heart本质上，实际上clear off清理，清除cut down (on)减少finish with (something)完成，结束，用完in one's mind's eye在想象中，在记忆中in one's way挡道的，妨碍人的part with放弃，舍弃pass something on (to someone)传给(另外的人)pile up堆积；积聚toy with the idea (of doing something)随随便便地对待，不很认真地考虑affordableadj.支付得起的，不太昂贵的alienate ['eilj4neit]v.使疏远，使不友好aspiring [4s'pai4ri6]adj.积极追求的，有抱负的biceps ['baiseps]n.二头肌bittersweet ['bit4swi:t]adj.又苦又甜的，苦乐参半的blazer ['bleiz4]n.(与裤子不配套的)男式便上装bombard [b3m'ba:d]v.不断给予，连珠炮似地发问；炮击，轰炸bulge [b8ld9]v.鼓起,膨胀cosmetic [k3z'metik]adj.美容用的，整容的cripplingadj.造成严重后果的dividend ['dividend]n.回报，效益；红利，股息elevate ['eliveit]v.提高，使上升equity ['ekiti]n.公平；公正financially [fai'n1n94li]adv.经济上，财政上gel [d9el]n.凝胶体girly ['g4:li]adj.像少女的，女人气的greed [gri:d]n.贪心，贪婪hairlinen.头发轮廓线，发际线handful ['h1ndful]n.一把；少量，少数，一小撮hysterical [his'terik4l]adj.歇斯底里的，情绪异常激动的insane [in'sein]adj.蠢极的，荒唐的；精神错乱的，疯狂的insanity [in's1niti]n.疯狂，精神错乱；极端的愚蠢，荒唐jaw [d93:]n.上、下颌，下巴，口部journalistic ['d94:n4'listik]adj.新闻业的liability ['lai4'biliti]n.不利条件lotion ['lou54n]n.护肤液，洗液，洗剂manicure ['m1nikju4]n.修指甲manufacturer ['m1nju'f1kt54r4]n.制造商，制造公司moisture ['m3ist54]n.潮湿，湿气moisturizern.润肤霜mud [m8d]n.泥，泥浆nationwide ['nei54nwaid]adv.在全国范围内 adj.全国性的pedicure ['pedikju4]n.修脚趾甲，足部治疗perpetuate [p4'petjueit]v.使永久存在potbelly ['p3tbeli]n.大肚皮，大腹radius ['reidj4s]n.半径范围，半径readership ['ri:d45ip]n.(某一报刊杂志等的)读者们saturated ['s1t54reitid]adj.饱和的，充满的shortcoming [53:t'k8mi6]n.缺点；短处silken ['silk4n]adj.柔软光滑的softener ['s3fn4]n.起软化作用的东西，软化剂，柔软剂suitor ['sju:t4]n.求婚者toiletriesn.梳妆用品，化妆品underdeveloped [8nd4di'vel4pt]adj.不发达的，落后的，发育不全的underlying ['8nd4'laii6]adj.含蓄的，内在的，潜在的underwear ['8nd4wA4]n.内衣裤vanity ['v1niti]n.虚荣心whitener ['waitn4, 'hw-]n.增白剂even out(使)相等，(使)平均fall short of未达到目标、令人满意的标准等have a thing about对……有某种强烈的感情，对……讨厌、关注on one's way正在(做……)，正在(变成……)put on搽，抹thumb through浏览adman ['1dm4n]n.广告商affirm [4'f4:m]v.证实，确认aptly ['1ptli]adv.适当地，恰当地believable [bi'li:v4bl]adj.可相信的belittle [bi'litl]v.轻视，小看，贬低cleaner ['kli:n4]n.去污剂cola ['koul4]n.可乐cooking ['kuki6]n.烹饪deceptive [di'sAptiv]adj.骗人的，容易使人上当的defenseless [di'fenslis]adj.无防御的，无保护的，无助的downright ['daunrait]adj.彻头彻尾的，完全的，十足的hollow ['h3l4u]adj.空的，中空的，空心的；空洞的，无价值的maid [meid]n.女仆；少女，未婚的年轻女子meaninglessnessn.无意义modifier ['m3difai4]n.修饰语，修饰成分nonsense ['n3ns4ns]n.胡说八道observer [4b'z4:v4]n.观察者oven ['8vn]n.烤炉，烤箱parity ['p1riti]n.相同，相等render ['rend4]v.使得，使成为rhetorical [ri't3:rikl]adj.修辞的suck [s8k]v.吮吸superiority [sju:'p4ri'3riti]n.优越(性)，优势，优等supportingadj.次要的，辅助性的。
新编大学英语(第三版浙江大学编著)4视听说教程原文Unit 3
新编大学英语（第三版/浙江大学编著）4视听说教程原文Unit3Part1Listening 1Three guys are out having a relaxing day fishing. Out of the blue, they catch a mermaid who begs them to set her free in return for granting each of them a wish.One of the guys just doesn’t believe it, and says, “OK, if you can really grant wishes, then double my IQ.” The mermaid says, “Done!” Suddenly, the guy starts to recite Shakespeare flawlessly and then make an extremely insightful analysis of it. The second guy is so amazed that he says to the mermaid, “Hey, triple my IQ.”The mermaid says, “Done!”The guy begins pouring out all the mathematical solutions to problems that have puzzled scientists in all fields.The last guy is so impressed by the changes in his friends that he says to the mermaid, “Quintuple my IQ.” The mermaid looks at him and says, “You know, I normally don’t try to change people’s minds when they make a wish, but I really wish you‘d reconsider.”The guy says, “No, I want you to increase my IQ by five times, and if you don’t do it, I won’t set you free.”“Please,” says the mermaid, “you don’t know what you’re asking for. It’ll change your entire view of the universe. Won’t you ask for something else? A million dollars or anything?”But no matter what the mermaid says, the guy insists on having his IQ increased by five times its usual power. So the mermaid sighs and says, “Done!” And he becomes a woman.Listening2Dr. Rose Herring, author of a book on language and communication, is being interviewed by Bob White, a writer for an academic journal on communication.Bob White: Good morning Dr. Herring! We both know that many communication specialists believe that gender bias exists in language, culture and society. Do you think this is really so? Dr. Herring: Yes, I certainly do. How we talk and listen can be strongly influenced by cultural expectations, and these begin during childhood. Children usually play together with other children of the same gender, and this is where our conversational style is learned.Bob White: Can you give some specific examples?Dr. Herring: Certainly. We find that girls use language mainly to develop closeness or intimacy as a basis for friendship. Boys, on the contrary, use language mainly to earn status in their group. Bob White: But, in communication through electronic devices like e-mail discussion groups, thereshould be no gender distinction if writers’ names are not used in the messages.Dr. Herring: One might think so, but in fact, e-mail writing style is more comparable with spoken language, so basic language styles are still evident.Bob White: I thought e-mail messages were gender neutral!Dr. Herring: No. while theoretical gender equality exists for the Internet, in reality women are not given equal opportunity because of different communication and language styles between the sexes.Bob White: How does that happen? Do you have any hard facts to back up this impression?Dr. Herring: Yes. I’ve done a research project using randomly selected e-mail messages from online discussion groups. I found that females use language that is more collaborative and supportive, such as “Thanks for all the tips on…”,”Good point.” and “Hope this helps!”. Men tend to use more aggressive or competitive language such as “Do you understand that?”, “You should realize that…”, “It is absurd to think…”.Bob White: How great are these gender differences?Dr. Herring: Males write messages using aggressive, competitive language more than twice as often as females do, while females use collaborative and supportive language three times as often as males do. In this study, it is clear that there is gender difference in e-mail messages just as in other communication media.Bob White: So the “battle of the sexes” is still with us, even online.Listening3John: Cathy, do you think it’s appropriate for females to continuously expect guys to behave in a standard gentlemanly fashion like opening car doors?Cathy: Well, I think it would be nice if men could do such things.John: My side of the theory is that we all have to admit that we are living in a changes world. Right? Sometimes the equation changes if the driver is a girl and the passenger is a guy who doesn’t drive. So what happens? Should the girl open the door for the guy or should the guy open the door for the girl? Maybe we should just adopt an “open your own door” policy. Cathy: Yeah, I agree, John. But…sometimes it’s just a matter of courtesy. It doesn’t matter who opens the door for whom. Maybe females just should not expect too much. Life isn’t a fairy tale after all.John: That’s absolutely true. Sometime I feel that there isn’t any difference in the roles both genders can perform. Of course I’m not saying that men can give birth. Rather what I meant was that except for the physical and natural differences between both sexes, there isn’t much difference between them.Cathy: But honestly, although I don’t expect guys to open doors for me, or to pull out a chair for me, I’m usually quite impressed if they do so, as many guys don’t do it. If the guy was walking in front of me and went through the door first, I’d appreciate it if he could hold the door and not let it slam in my face.John: Well, if I’m the one walking in front, I will open the door and hold it for the people behind me, be it a girl or a boy. I’ve actually had the door slammed right in my face a number of timesthough, when the person walking closely in front of me didn’t hold the heavy glass door and let it swing back in my face. Of course, I tried to hold the door, but it was too heavy and too late. But I think it was more embarrassing for him than me as everyone was looking at him, while I was rubbing my squashed nose.Cathy: So, being a gentleman does not stop at opening doors. There are many other aspects I believe.Listening4Do you know how you learned to be a woman? Do you know how you learned to be a man? What makes the difference in terms of gender and our roles in society? Even when our physical structures are revealed to be really similar, women and men “tend”to play different roles in society. In an article in the latest issue of Psychology Today, we find a study that reflects how parents of 15 girl-babies 15 boy-babies differed in their descriptions of their babies. Despite the fact that objective data such as birth length, weight, irritability, etc. did not differ, when the parents were asked to describe their babies, they said that girl-babies were softer, litter, more beautiful, prettier, cuter than boy-babies. Based on these facts, we could conclude that parents’attitudes are influencing their children.Our parents and later our school, television and Internet all show us a whole set of expected behaviors that create our patterns. Thus, a simple cartoon can suggest to children how they are supposed to act. Male cartoon characters are not only more prominent than female characters, but they also portray a broader range of masculine traits. Male characters are powerful, strong, smart and aggressive.Of course roles have been changing over the past decades. Women are not necessarily expected to stay home raising their family and supporting their husbands. In the same way, men are no longer expected to be the only breadwinner like they used to be; now women and men share these responsibilities. But traditional roes still have a big influence.Part2Listening 1“Equal” does not always mean “the same”. Men and women are created equally but boys and girls are not born the same.You throw a little girl a ball, and it will hit her in the nose. You throw a little boy a ball, and he will try to catch it, then it will hit him in the nose.A baby girl will pick up a stick and look in wonder at what nature has made. A baby boy will pickup a stick and turn it into a gun.When girls play with Barbie dolls, they like to dress them up and play house with them. When boys play with Barbie dolls, they like to tear their hair off.Boys couldn’t care less if their hair is untidy. If their hair got cut a quarter-inch too short, girls would rather lock themselves in their room for two weeks than be seen in public.Baby girls find mommy’s makeup and almost instinctively start painting their face. Baby boys find mommy’s makeup and almost instinctively start painting the walls.Boys grow their fingernails long because they’re too lazy to cut them. Girls grow their fingernails long—not because they look nice—but because they can dig them into a boy’s arm.Girls are attracted to boys, even at an early age. At an early age, boys are attracted to dirt.Most baby girls talk before boys do. Before boys talk, they learn how to make machine-gun noises.Girls turn into women. Boys turn into bigger boys.Listening 2In order to understand this story, you have to know the nursery rhyme Hickory, Dickory, Dock. In this nursery rhyme, the words in the title have no meaning. The rhyme gone like this:Hickory, Dickory, Dock,The mouse ran up the clock.The clock struck one,The mouse ran down!Hickory, Dickory, Dock.Here is the story:One day I took my seven-year-old son with me to buy an electronic wall clock for the kitchen, and found a whole counter full of them on sale at a discount store. I had trouble deciding which clock to buy. While I held one clock in my hand and looked at another, I asked my son which one he liked best. He said, “The one you’re holding with the mouse in it, Mom.”Before I understood his words, a real, live mouse jumped out onto the counter and ran away. I screamed so loud that everyone turned to see what was wrong. I was so embarrassed. I tried to make my way quietly out of the store, but my delighted son recited Hickory, Dickory, Dock. What a naughty boy!Listening 3Men, it is said, are generally more aggressive than women and enjoy taking risks. They play fighting games and enjoy “dares”. More men than women are convicted for crimes, especiallycrimes of violence.Some say that this is simply a matter of biology; others suggest than it is a function of the way we organize the sex and gender roles in our society. In fact, many of the findings, in this area, have turned out to be unsatisfactory, and often there turns out be very small differences with a large degree of overlap.Biologically, men certainly seem to be the weaker sex. On average, men experience heart attacks 10 years earlier than women, but have a better rate of survival if they survive the first year after an attack. Symptoms also vary by sex:Women experience shortness of breath, fatigue, and chest pain; most male heart attacks come on as sudden, striking pain in the chest. In adulthood, men are more likely to be infected with viruses and have a shorter average lifespan.In recent years, a great many biological sex differences have been found throughout the body, including the brain. However, regardless of the findings that sex differences really do exist after all and despite the pressure to deny them, socially, we still expect women to behave like women and men like men.Listening 4It is my belief that gender stereotypes are very real gender characteristics that are exaggerated to the extreme ends with no gray areas. So in truth a woman is “weak” physically only because a man is in reality “stronger”. A woman is “submissive”only because a man in reality is more “aggressive”. A woman is “emotional”only because a man is “less emotional”. All these are observed facts.Are there ways to avoid the stereotyping? This is hard to do. We as males and females love to exaggerate our differences. It seems we love to do this in many ways. We love to exaggerate gender traits as if to say “Look how female I am” or “Look how male I am”. Do we go so far as to actually create differences that do not exist? Not from what I see. I think we like to exaggerate our differences because the more male we feel or the more female we feel, the more attractive we feel.So, all in all, I believe stereotypes are true differences that are exaggerated. I don’t think stereotypes should be avoided because they are real. I don’t think that we should be attribute extremes of a trait to a gender as a whole, and most certainly not limit someone’s potential abilities based on a stereotype. Stereotypes should apply in general but not to an individual. They should serve to help make judgments but not as an absolute.。
新编大学英语(第三版浙江大学编著)4视听说教程原文Unit 6
新编大学英语（第三版/浙江大学编著）4视听说教程原文Unit6Part1Listening 1Husband: Oh! It’s unbelievable!Wife: What’s the matter?Husband: The article says that lifespan varies according to race, income level and whether you are male or female. Now, can you guess which is the most important factor?Wife: Hmm, I think it might be the sex.Husband: That’s right! My grandma lived four years longer than my grandpa. Generally speaking, women live longer than men. In 1993, the average lifespan of women was 6.9 years longer than that of men in the United States.Wife: 6.9 years! I can’t believe it. Then how about race?Husband: About race, the paper says white women live 5.1 years longer than black women. Wife: So this means I am doubly lucky since I am a white woman.Husband: Yes. But actually the largest risk you could run is being poor. Being poor is far more likely to kill you than smoking, drinking, a hereditary disease, or an unhealthy lifestyle.Wife: That’s true. If you are poor, you may not have good living conditions, good medical care and good nutrition. But still I have a question. Why do women live longer than men?Husband: I think you’d better ask the experts.Listening 2The possibility that something bad will happen is a risk. Risk can also be defined as the degree of danger that goes along with an opportunity. All risks have possible negative results. However, some risks are worth taking. For example, suppose that you have the chance to join a school football team. You risk a possible injury while playing to achieve the sense of accomplishment that comes with being on the team. You decide that the pleasure of playing is worth the risk of injury. By being fit, you can also reduce the risk of physical injury.How can we determine the risks involved in an action? Many risks that relate to health choices have been studied. These risks relate to choices made over activities or behavior that influence one’s health, either positively or negatively. Scientists can use statistics to measure these risks. Statistics is a branch of mathematics that helps determine the possibility that something willoccur. The information about this possibility is called statistical risk and can help you make healthy choices.For example, statistics indicate that in the United States the chance of dying from cancer is about 20 percent. In other words, two out of every 10 deaths are due to some kind of cancer. Therefore, the risk of death from cancer is quite high. However, statistics also show that 80 percent of all cancers are related to things over which you have some control. In other words, you can make choices that will reduce your risk of developing cancer. These include such things as avoiding pollution, not smoking and eating a diet high in fiber. If you do these things, you are less likely to develop cancer.Listening 3If you plan to go hiking in the wilderness or a national park, make sure you are prepared. A compass, a knife, and maps are all essential items to take with you. You should also take wooden matches in a waterproof case; some concentrated food such as nuts and dried fruit and water in a canteen. Plan for emergencies as well. Take along first-aid equipment, shelter for the rain, and extra clothes. In order to stay warm, your head, hands and feet must be kept warm, so you should bring gloves, extra socks and a wool hat.If you get lost in the woods, first try to backtrack and find the trail you were on. Look for trail signs other people may have left, such as piles of rocks, tied bunches of grass, or broken branches. Sit down and try to figure out which direction you came from and then go back that way.If you can’t find the trail, try to explore the area, making your path as you go. Climb a tree and look for landmarks. During the day, look for roads or rooftops in the distance. At night, look for lights and sniff the air. You may be able to smell smoke from a campfire. If you detect any of these signs, start to walk in their direction, but if it is dark, find shelter for the night and wait until the morning. Even a full moon won’t give you enough light to see; it can throw shadows that hide dangers.If you are lost, do not expect to be rescued. Even if someone knows you are lost and sends out a search party, it may not find you. Therefore, if you can get out on your own, do so. However, if you cannot move far for some reason, build a bright fire at night and a smoky one during the day. Try to clear an area that can be seen from the air, and use rocks to write a message. You can also use bright colors, shiny metal or mirrors to signal aircraft. Above all, do not panic.Listening 4I’ve been in a lot of dangerous situations. Over in Bolivia, for example, I was working for a small airline, and we carried just about everything: animals, whisky, dynamite, and, of course, people. There were times when I felt I was flying a bomb, not a place. Once I was taking dynamite to the mines. Dynamite! Man, I had never seen so much. They had even put some on the floor right next to me. I was certainly nervous on that trip. Well, I was flying over the mountains whensuddenly the engine stopped. Somehow I got my parachute on, and got down without the plane, but I was hurt. I was flying out there for about four days before they found me. They told me later that they had almost given me up for dead. Anyway, they got me back to the hospital, and three months later I was flying again. No, I’m not afraid of flying. But there’s a lot to worry about as a pilot.Part2Listening 1Balley: Hello, fire service.Grace: Oh, em, I’m ringing because I think there’s a fire in the house across the street. Smoke is coming out of the upstairs windows, and I can see flames too.Balley: Can you give me your name and address and telephone number, Madam?Grace: Yes. Grace Litton, 17 Mallett Street, Alford.Balley: I’m sorry. Can you spell Mallett, please?Grace: yes, M, A, double L, E, double T. The telephone number is 6943168. The fire’s in number 18, just across the road.Balley: Is anyone in the house?Grace: No, they’ve gone on holiday. They went to Bournemouth last Saturday, for two weeks. Balley: All right, Madam. We’ll send a fire engine up to Mallett Street straightaway.Grace: What shall I do? Shall I warn the neighbors?Balley: Yes, you’d better tell the people living next door, at number 16 and number 20. But don’t go into the house.Listening 2Six days ago, in Russia, a mine was flooded and lots of miners were trapped underground. Nobody knew how much air was inside and what the situation was for the tapped miners. Rescue teams tried every way to get some message from the miners, but it all seemed in vain. This caused worldwide concerns. The accident was reported by the world media. But this morning, to people’s great surprise, came the dramatic news that rescue teams had dug 60 meters and tunneled through. They had discovered survivors in the part of the mine not flooded. For the rest of the miners, however, those were really anxious moments. They had prepared themselves for the worst. Now suddenly there was hope that they could see their loved ones again. And then they too were rescued and brought out of the mine. Exhausted and wounded, they were not strong enough to wave to their relatives or friends. Wrapped with blankets, these survivors werecarefully handed over to the ambulances and taken to nearby hospital. However, not everyone survived. One miner was reported to have been found dead, another missing.Listening 3Joe Burns is a famous racing driver. He is being interviewed on a sports program.Reporter: You’ve had a very dangerous life, haven’t you, Joe? I mean, you’ve been almost killed several times?Joe: Yes. I suppose that’s right.Reporter: When was your worst accident?Joe: I’d say last year. It was during the British Grand Prix. I smashed into a wall. The car was completely ruined and my left leg was broken. Luckily, nobody was killed.Reporter: Is that the only time you’ve been close to death?Joe: No. Once, during the Mexican Grand Prix, two cars in front of me had a bad accident. One of them ran into the other. I swerved to avoid them and hit a fence. My car was badly damaged, but luckily, I wasn’t even hurt.Reporter: You must enjoy danger. I mean, you wouldn’t be a racing-driver otherwise?Joe: I don’t know about that. I had a very frightening experience quite recently. I was frightened to death! I thought I was going to be killed at any moment.Reporter: Really? Was that during your last race?Joe: No. It was on my way to this studio. I had to drive through London during rush hour.Listening 4On the morning of April 10, 1912, the luxury liner, Titanic, left English on a voyage to New York. Four days later, she lay at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. On July 18, 1956, the ocean liner, Andrea Doria, left Italy. It was also traveling to New York. Eight days later, this great ship also lay at the bottom of the Atlantic.The sinking of these two huge ships shocked the world. Reports of the two tragedies filled the newspapers for days. When Andrea Doria went down, people compared her sinking with the sinking of Titanic. There were similarities between the two events; however, there were also important differences.What were some of these similarities? First of all, both ships were transatlantic ocean liners. In addition, they were both luxury liners. They carried many of the world’s rich and famous people. In fact, 10 American millionaires lost their lives when Titanic went down. Today, millions of dollars worth of gold, silver and cash may still remain locked inside these two sunken ships.Another similarity, is that as each ship was sinking, there were acts of heroism and of evil. Some people even gave up their lives so that others could live. There were also some people who acted like cowards. For example, one man on Titanic dressed up as a woman so that he could get into a lifeboat and save his own life. One last similarity, is that both of these ships were considered“unsinkable”. People believed that they would never sink.There are also differences between these great ship disasters. To begin with, Titanic was on her very first voyage across the Atlantic; Andrea Doria, on the other hand, was on her hundred and first transatlantic crossing. Another difference is that the ships sank for different reasons. Titanic struck an iceberg; while Andrea Doria collided with another ship. Also, Andrea Doria had radar to warn of the approach of another ship; but Titanic was not equipped with radar—It had only a lookout. The lookout was only able to see the iceberg moments before the ship struck it. But, of course, the greatest difference between these two terrible accidents is the number of lives lost. When Titanic sank, more than 1500 people died—They drowned or froze to death in the icy, North Atlantic water. Also, about 700 people survived the sinking. In the Andrea Doria accident, 60 people lost their lives, and around 1650 lives were saved. One of the reasons that so many people died on Titanic is that the ship was considered to be unsinkable, and so there were about half the number of necessary lifeboats to rescue all the people aboard. Andrea Doria had more than enough lifeboats to rescue every person on the ship. However, they were only able to use about half of the lifeboats due to a mechanical problem. The passengers and crew of Andrea Doria were very lucky that another ship was able to rescue most of them. The passengers on Titanic were not so fortunate. It is interesting too that the wreck of Titanic was only found in September, 1985.。
新编大学英语(第4册)1,2,6,9,10习题答案.doc答案
新编大学英语（第四册）习题答案Unit11. 1) A entertaining B entertainment C entertained D entertainer2) A recognizable B recognized C recognition3) A tempting B temptation C tempt4) A reasoned B reasoning C reasonable D reason5) A analyzed B analytical C analyst D analysis6) A valuable B valuation C valued/values D values7) A humorist B humor C humorous D humorless8) A understandable B understanding C understand D misunderstood2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction10) a sense of urgency3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention10) we buy our tickets in advance4. 1) certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6)agreed 7) individually8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) troubleUnit2Step OneColumn B The Compound Words createdColumn Athrough day throughoutup man upbeat, upliftdraw eared drawbackteen ready teenagehand conscious handout, handwrittenbirth back birthday, birthstonechair distance chairmanrag beat rag-earedever lift Ever-readyover age overdue, overagelong due Long-distance, long-earedself stone Self-consciousmile out mileage, milestonetype wishing typewriter, typewrittenwell Writer/written Well-wishing, well-writtenStep Two1) long-distance 2) upbeat 3) ever-ready 4) overdue 5) typewriter 6) milestone 7) handwritten 8) uplifted 9) self-conscious 10) rag-eared 11)birthday 12) throughout 13) drawbacks 14) chairman 15) teenageintrigued intrigue 2) straining strain 3) savor savored 4) treasure treasure5) credited credit 6) boost boost 7)note noted 8) signed sign 9)totaled total10) stuffed stuff 11)count count 12)last last 13)complimented compliment 14)flood flooding 15) contact contact3. 1) thrives 2) strategy 3) annual 4) deserve 5) spontaneous 6) sincere 7) investments8) enterprise 9) follow up 10) characterized 11) lingered 12) acknowledged4. column 1) D 2) A 3) B 4) C tough 1) D 2) B 3) E 4) F 5)C 6) A）complementary complimentary complimentary 2）stationery stationary stationary3）typist typewriter typist 4）vulgar vague vague 5）pad pat pad 6）own owed owes owned6. 1) searched 2) clever 3) solution 4) wasted 5) tolerate 6) hidden 7) dumb 8) subject9) noise 10) extra 11) purchased 12) replaced 13) appreciation 14) hurried 15) warrant 16) strangeUNIT 6sensible 2)relative 3) mechanism 4) requires 5)eliminate 6) crashcharacter 2)end up 3)Rarely 4)casual 5)risky6)all manner of 7)inform 8)sensible 9)definitelyOn the strength of 2) all manner of 3) feed on 4) reduce…to 5) end up6) associated with 7) focus on 8) turned to 9) participate in 10) involved inUNIT 9invent available Avail Innovation Innovate Adaptable Adapt Discovery Discover Acceptance AcceptEvolution Evolve Objectivity Objective Observation Observe Experimentation Experiment Prosperity Prosper disastrous disaster1) observation 2) available 3) discoveries 4) acceptance 5) experimentation6) inventions 7) evolution 8) adaptable 9) innovative 10) objectivity2. 1) out of the ordinary 2) preceded 3) To be exact 4) Contradict(ed) 5) Prosperity6) Gave birth to 7) Catch our breath 8) had in mind 9) proposed 10) converted11) disastrous 12) negative3. 1) She had hardly sat down2) Especially if/ when you want to reserve a seat3) is not necessarily the most useful4) What sort/kind of person do you have in mind5) There’s a limit on the time6) Spend part of his childhood7) three times as many girls as boys8) as do most of the people who live in this village9) but on the other hand it would be sad to lose the family atmosphere10) Depite/ In spite of international pressureUNIT 10bring down brought in bring back bring about brought up2) Going by gone down went off go about going around3) make of makes up for made up made for make out4) thought nothing of think twice about thought better of thought highly of think badly of5) on account of On no account on that account take account of/ take intoconsideration by/from all accountsn f m g j b c e I l k a hlater separated effective first signed suffering which claimed meeting/encounter attended seated attraction/ affection finally almost by。
新编大学英语浙江大学 第三版 4视听说教程 unit8听力原文及答案
Part 1Listening 1Ex1: 1) rocks 2) Yes 3) stones 4) not 5)sand 6) No 7) waterEx2:1) time management business students 2) wide-mouthed produce at a time 3) dumped work themselves down 4) grabbed filled to the top illustration5)eager beaver how full your schedule is fit some more things 6) get them in at all Script:One day an expert on the subject of time management was speaking to a group of business students and, to stress a point, used an illustration I'm sure those students will never forget. After I share it with you, you'll never forget it either.As this man stood in front of the group of high-powered overachievers, he said, "Ok, time for a quiz." He pulled out a large, wide-mouthed jar and set it on a table in front of him. Then he produced about a dozen fist-sized rocks and carefully placed them, one at a time, into the jar.When the jar was filled to the top and no more rocks would fit inside, he asked, "Is this jar full?"Everyone in the class said, "Yes."Then he said, "Really?" He reached under the table and pulled out a bag of little stones. Then he dumped some of them in and shook the jar causing the little stones to work themselves down into the spaces between the big rocks.Then he smiled and asked the group once more, "Is the jar full?" By this time the class was onto him. "Probably not," one of them answered. "Good!" he replied. And he reached under the table and brought out a bag of sand. He started dumping the sand in and it went into all the spaces left between the rocks and the little stones. Once more he asked the question, "Is this jar full?""No!" the class shouted. Once again he said, "Good!" Then he grabbed a bottle of water and began to pour it in until the jar was filled to the top. Then he looked up at the class and asked, "What is the point of this illustration?"One eager beaver raised his hand and said, "The point is, no matter how full your schedule is, if you try really hard, you can always fit some more things into it!""No," the speaker replied, "that's not the point. The truth this illustration teaches us is: If you don't put the big rocks in first, you'll never get them in at all."Listening 2Ex1: B C A B D C B B A DEx2: F T F F TScripts:Throughout the day, energy rises and falls. At its peak, you're likely to perform 30 to 40 percent faster and more accurately, than at its lowest, says Lynne Lamberg. So by synchronizing your schedule with your natural energy supply ,it will help you use it more efficiently.She also says, alertness is highest and concentration the most between 9a.m. and early afternoon—the best time to crunch numbers or write a report. You should dive into the hardest tasks first, and your extend high-energy mornings with a late lunch. Many people are still going strong until 1 or 2 p.m., so why break the momentum?During mid-afternoon, you might attend to some routine tasks, such as paying bills or sorting through a pile of junk mail. Work that involves physical activity, such as running down the hall tophotocopy a memo, or talking to other people (that includes phone calls)—will keep your energy level from dropping way down.When full alertness returns—around 4 p.m.—you might do a few small projects that give you a feeling of satisfaction and accomplishment. Send off an important letter. Or plan and prioritize for the next day.The dark side of your cycle is equally important: For daylong energy we need a good night's sleep. On average, Americans get about seven-and-one-half hours, although some need more and others get by on less. We 're getting enough sleep if we wake up without the help of an alarm clock and don't feel the urge to nap during the day.Listening 3Ex1: 1) London 2) What a wonderful Life 3) Globe 4) changes developmentsnatural resources cities nuclear warEx2: T F T T FScript:(Do you feel depressed when you read newspapers? Does the news always seem bad? To many people it does, but not to Alexander Dubois, a French scientist living in London. Unlike many scientists, he believes that the world will be a better place in the future. His book, What a Wonderful Life, will be on sale, and Globe sent Reporter Catherine Brown to talk to him. Here is part of their conversation.)Catherine Brown: What changes will we see in the next few years?Alexander Dubois:Today, work is the most important part of many people's lives.In the future, machines will do much of our work. This meansthat we'll have more time to think about how to live happily.Catherine Brown: What developments will there be in medical science?Alexander Dubois:The day will come when we will eliminate killer diseases suchas diphtheria and typhoid. Also, there will be fewer babies bornwith birth defects because doctors will be able to operate onchildren before they are born.Catherine Brown:And what about natural resources? Will there be an adequatesupply of coal, oil and gas?Alexander Dubois:Of course! Research shows that there are sufficient resourcesfor the next 20,000 years within one kilometer of the earth'ssurface.Catherine Brown:Will cities continue to grow and become more and moreovercrowded?Alexander Dubois:No, they won't. People will return to smaller communitieswhere they can really know their neighbors and participate incommunity life.Catherine Brown: Aren't you worried about the possibility of nuclear war?Alexander Dubois: Yes, I am. I expect there will be a nuclear war in the future, butit won't end our world. Life will continue.Statements:1. Alexander Dubois holds an optimistic point of view for the world's future.2. Alexander Dubois believes that, people's jobs will play the most important part in their lives.3. Alexander Dubois thinks that,6 some defects in babies will be treated before birth.4. Alexander Dubois predicts that someday some people will move from big cities to smallercommunities.5. Alexander Dubois believes that a nuclear war can be the end of the world.Listening 4Ex1: e c b f a dEx2:1)biased 2) unaware 3) success 4) fun 5)control 6) environment7) flexibility 8)optimal 9)wings 10）exploreScripts:Professor Zimbardo: Time perspectives are easy to identify when people are making decisions. For some people, it’s only about what is in the immediate situation, what other people are doing, and what they are feeling. And those people, when they make their decision in that form, we’re going to call “present-oriented”, because their focus is what is now.Student A: Then maybe , I’m not ”present-oriented”. It seems what I care most is always what will be in the future.Professor Zimbardo: Yes. You might be among those ”future-oriented”. There focus is always about anticipated consequences. OK, anybody here who is neither “present-oriented” nor “future-oriented”?Student B: Myself. I think neither of your description about this two time perspectives fits me well.Professor Zimbardo: Then you mast belong to the third type. We call them “pat-oriented” because they focus on what was. For them, both the present and the future are irrelevant. Thire decisions are based on past memories.Student B: That’s true, but sometimes, I just fell my time perspectives are a mixture. Professor Zimbardo: That’s very likely the case. There are actually six time perspectives: past-positive or past-negative; present-hedonistic or present-fatalist: future-oriented or transcendental future, as a matter of fact, these six time perspectives might coexist in a person. But they are biased in different situations. Either of them may rise to be the dominating one that influences us to make decisions. But we’re totally unaware.Student A: But do those perspectives show bias in their influence on human life, for example, positive or negative?Professor Zimbardo: In a sense, that’s right. Any time perspective in excess has more negatives than positives, you know what those future-oriented people sacrifice for success. They sacrifice family time . they sacrifice friend time. They sacrifice fun time. And they sacrifice sleep. So it affects their health. And they live for work, achievement and control.Student B: Yes. That’s ture. We just never realized that before. But professor, do you think time perspective is something inherent or something we learn?Professor Zimbardo: People’s time perspectives result from the social environment and their life experiences, and they can be learned and be changed . That’s the last point I want to make today. one needs to develop the mental flexibility to shift time perspectives fluidly, depending on the demands of the situation; that’s what you’re got to learn to do. The optimal temporal mix is Whatyou get from the past-positive gives you roots. What you get from the future is wings to soar to new destinations, new challenges. What you get from the present hedonism is energy, the energy to explore yourself, places, people, sensuality.Further ListeningListening 1Ex1: F F F F T T F TEx2: 1)friend 2) end 3) weeks 4)know 5)terrible 6)rang 7)younger 8)tired 9)game 10）make 11）show 12）thinking 13）distance 14）corner 15）telegram16）deserveScripts:Around the Cornerby Henson TowneAround the corner I have a friend,In this great city that has no end.Yet the days go by and weeks rush on,And before I know it, a year is gone.And I never see my old friend's face,For life is a swift and terrible race,He knows I like him just as well,As in the days when I rang his bell,And he rang mine.But we were younger then,And now we are busy, tired men.Tired of playing a foolish game,Tired of trying to make a name."Tomorrow," I say, "I will call on JimJust to show that I'm thinking of him."But tomorrow comes and tomorrow goes,And distance between us grows and grows.Around the corner! — yet miles away."Here's a telegram sir—Jim died today."And that's what we get and deserve in the end.Around the corner , a vanished friend.Listening 2Ex1: 1)clocks 2) promptness efficiency 3) impatient 4) household appliances save time 5)control miss avoidEx2: F T F F FScript:Almost every American wears a watch, and in nearly every room in an American home, there's a clock. "Be on time." "Don't waste time." "Time is money." "Time waits for no one." Allof these familiar sayings reflect the American obsession with promptness and efficiency. Students and employees displease their teachers and bosses when they arrive late. This desire to get the most out of every minute often affects behavior, making Americans impatient when they have to wait. The pressure to make every moment count sometimes makes it difficult for Americans to relax and do nothing.The desire to save time and handle work efficiently also leads Americans to buy many kinds of machines. These range from household appliances to equipment for the office such as calculators, photocopy machines and computers. One popular machine is the videocassette recorder, which gives Americans a new kind of control over time. Fans of professional football don't have to miss the Sunday afternoon game on TV because of a birthday party. They simply videotape it and watch the game in the evening. What's more, they can actual save time by fast-forwarding through all the sales ads and commercials shown during te game. So a 3.5-hour game, seen later on, might only last 1.5 hours.Listening 3Ex1: A B A B DEx2: 1)pessimistic 2)doubled 3)coal 4)chickens 5) artificial 6)well-designed7)fresher 8)leading 9)unnecessaryScript:What will life be like 100 years from now? Some experts are optimistic; others, far more pessimistic. They think that by then the population will have doubled. We will have run out of essential materials, like oil and coal. We may even have run out of water to drink. They believe that we will be living like chickens- living in little boxes, and eating artificial food.But those who are more optimistic say that life in the future will be much better than it is today. We may be living in well-designed , systematic communities. We may be getting more sunlight, breathing fresher air, living in a better environment and leading far more pleasant lives than we are today.Life will certainly have become far more mechanized by the year 2100. It may even have become too mechanized. Mechanization has already caused quite a few problems and will cause still more. For example, many jobs will have been “automated”. People will no longer be able to learn only one job in their lifetime. Many of the jobs that young people are doing today will have become unnecessary by the time they are 40.Questions:1. What can definitely be said of life in the next century?2. What does "many jobs will be 'automated'" mean according to the passage?3. What will the influence of automation be upon people in terms of employment?4. Is there any possibility hat some jobs will disappear in decades from now? Why or why not?5. What would the future job market look like?Listening 4Ex1: F T T F FEx2: 1) Because they could have a large house and yard there2) The cities have grown larger3) During the last 10 or 15 years of the 20th century4) Because they want to change them into apartment buildings5) It saves people time for traveling back and forthScript:Starting in the early 1900s, many Americans living and working in large cities moved to the suburbs. They wanted to live where they could have a large house and yard, instead of a small apartment with no yard. The problem that this has brought is that as the cities have grown larger, people must travel a long way to their place of work. Often the trip takes as much as two hours each way. Thus they have very little time to enjoy their houses and yards.Therefore, during the last decades of the 20th century, some people became interested in moving back to the business areas of the cities. Many old buildings with businesses or factories on the first few floors have upper floors that are empty- Other old buildings are completely empty. Architects have been buying these buildings and changing them into attractive apartment buildings. Most have large comfortable rooms with big windows, which let in a lot of light. The apartments in these buildings are quickly bought by people who want to move back downtown. As one new apartment owner said, "I don't have a yard anymore, but I also don't have to sit in my car for over three hours a day. And there are nearby parks that I can visit now that I have more time."。
新编大学英语（第4册）1,2,6,9,10习题答案.doc答案
新编大学英语（第4册）1,2,6,9,10习题答案.doc答案新编大学英语（第四册）习题答案Unit11. 1) A entertaining B entertainment C entertained D entertainer2) A recognizable B recognized C recognition3) A tempting B temptation C tempt4) A reasoned B reasoning C reasonable D reason5) A analyzed B analytical C analyst D analysis6) A valuable B valuation C valued/values D values7) A humorist B humor C humorous D humorless8) A understandable B understanding C understand D misunderstood2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3)a sense of inferiority4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction10) a sense of urgency3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance4. 1) certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15)troubleUnit2Step OneColumn B The Compound Words created Column Athrough day throughoutup man upbeat, upliftdraw eared drawbackteen ready teenagehand conscious handout, handwrittenbirth back birthday, birthstonechair distance chairmanrag beat rag-earedever lift Ever-readyover age overdue, overagelong due Long-distance, long-earedself stone Self-consciousmile out mileage, milestonetype wishing typewriter, typewrittenwell Writer/written Well-wishing, well-writtenStep Two1) long-distance 2) upbeat 3) ever-ready 4) overdue 5) typewriter 6) milestone 7) handwritten 8) uplifted 9) self-conscious 10) rag-eared 11) birthday 12) throughout 13) drawbacks 14) chairman 15) teenage2.1) intrigued intrigue 2) straining strain 3) savor savored 4) treasure treasure5) credited credit 6) boost boost 7)note noted 8) signed sign9)totaled total10) stuffed stuff 11)count count 12)last last 13)complimented compliment14)flood flooding 15) contact contact3. 1) thrives 2) strategy 3) annual 4) deserve 5) spontaneous 6) sincere 7) investments8) enterprise 9) follow up 10) characterized 11) lingered 12) acknowledged4. column 1) D 2) A3) B 4) C tough 1) D 2) B 3) E 4) F 5) C 6) A5.1）complementary complimentary complimentary 2）stationery stationary stationary 3）typist typewriter typist 4）vulgar vague vague5）pad pat pad 6）own owed owes owned6. 1) searched 2) clever 3) solution 4) wasted 5) tolerate 6) hidden 7) dumb 8) subject9) noise 10) extra 11) purchased 12) replaced 13) appreciation 14) hurried 15) warrant 16) strangeUNIT 61.1)sensible 2)relative 3) mechanism 4) requires 5)eliminate 6) crash2.1)character 2)end up 3)Rarely 4)casual 5)risky6)all manner of 7)inform 8)sensible 9)definitely3.1) On the strength of 2) all manner of 3) feed on 4) reduce…to5) end up6) associated with 7) focus on 8) turned to 9) participate in 10) involved inUNIT 91.Invention invent available A vail Innovation InnovateAdaptable Adapt Discovery Discover Acceptance AcceptEvolution Evolve Objectivity Objective Observation Observe Experimentation Experiment Prosperity Prosper disastrous disaster1) observation 2) available 3) discoveries 4) acceptance 5) experimentation6) inventions 7) evolution 8) adaptable 9) innovative 10) objectivity2. 1) out of the ordinary 2) preceded 3) To be exact 4) Contradict(ed) 5) Prosperity6) Gave birth to 7) Catch our breath 8) had in mind 9) proposed 10) converted 11) disastrous 12) negative3. 1) She had hardly sat down2) Especially if/ when you want to reserve a seat3) is not necessarily the most useful4) What sort/kind of person do you have in mind5) There’s a limit on the time6) Spend part of his childhood7) three times as many girls as boys8) as do most of the people who live in this village9) but on the other hand it would be sad to lose the family atmosphere10) Depite/ In spite of international pressureUNIT 101.1) bring down brought in bring back bring about brought up2) Going by gone down went off go about going around3) make of makes up for made up made for make out4) thought nothing of think twice about thought better of thought highly of think badly of5) on account of On no account on that account take account of/ take into considerationby/from all accounts2.d n f m g j b c e I l k a h3.married later separated effective first signed suffering which claimed meeting/encounter attended seated attraction/ affection finally almost by。
新编大学英语(浙大第三版4)视听说教程unit8听力原文及答案
新编大学英语(浙大第三版4)视听说教程u n i t8听力原文及答案-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1Part 1Listening 1Ex1: 1) rocks 2) Yes 3) stones 4) not 5)sand 6) No 7) waterEx2: 1) time management business students 2) wide-mouthed produce at a time 3) dumped work themselves down 4) grabbed filled to the top illustration5)eager beaver how full your schedule is fit some more things 6) get them in at all Script:One day an expert on the subject of time management was speaking to a group of business students and, to stress a point, used an illustration I'm sure those students will never forget. After I share it with you, you'll never forget it either.As this man stood in front of the group of high-powered overachievers, he said, "Ok, time for a quiz." He pulled out a large, wide-mouthed jar and set it on a table in front of him. Then he produced about a dozen fist-sized rocks and carefully placed them, one at a time, into the jar.When the jar was filled to the top and no more rocks would fit inside, he asked, "Is this jar full"Everyone in the class said, "Yes."Then he said, "Really" He reached under the table and pulled out a bag of little stones. Then he dumped some of them in and shook the jar causing the little stones to work themselves down into the spaces between the big rocks.Then he smiled and asked the group once more, "Is the jar full" By this time the class was onto him. "Probably not," one of them answered. "Good!" he replied. And he reached under the table and brought out a bag of sand. He started dumping the sand in and it went into all the spaces left between the rocks and the little stones. Once more he asked the question, "Is this jar full""No!" the class shouted. Once again he said, "Good!" Then he grabbed a bottle of water and began to pour it in until the jar was filled to the top. Then he looked up at the class and asked, "What is the point of this illustration"One eager beaver raised his hand and said, "The point is, no matter how full your schedule is, if you try really hard, you can always fit some more things into it!""No," the speaker replied, "that's not the point. The truth this illustration teaches us is: If you don't put the big rocks in first, you'll never get them in at all." Listening 2Ex1: B C A B D C B B A DEx2: F T F F TScripts:Throughout the day, energy rises and falls. At its peak, you're likely to perform 30 to 40 percent faster and more accurately, than at its lowest, says Lynne Lamberg. So by synchronizing your schedule with your natural energy supply ,it will help you use it more efficiently.She also says, alertness is highest and concentration the most between 9a.m. and early afternoon—the best time to crunch numbers or write a report. You should dive into the hardest tasks first, and your extend high-energy mornings with a latelunch. Many people are still going strong until 1 or 2 p.m., so why break the momentum?During mid-afternoon, you might attend to some routine tasks, such as paying bills or sorting through a pile of junk mail. Work that involves physical activity, such as running down the hall to photocopy a memo, or talking to other people (that includes phone calls)—will keep your energy level from dropping way down.When full alertness returns—around 4 p.m.—you might do a few small projects that give you a feeling of satisfaction and accomplishment. Send off an important letter. Or plan and prioritize for the next day.The dark side of your cycle is equally important: For daylong energy we need a good night's sleep. On average, Americans get about seven-and-one-half hours, although some need more and others get by on less. We 're getting enough sleep if we wake up without the help of an alarm clock and don't feel the urge to nap during the day.Listening 3Ex1: 1) London 2) What a wonderful Life 3) Globe 4) changes developments natural resources cities nuclear warEx2: T F T T FScript:(Do you feel depressed when you read newspapers Does the news always seem bad To many people it does, but not to Alexander Dubois, a French scientist living in London. Unlike many scientists, he believes that the world will be a better place in the future. His book, What a Wonderful Life, will be on sale, and Globe sent Reporter Catherine Brown to talk to him. Here is part of their conversation.)Catherine Brown: W hat changes will we see in the next few years?Alexander Dubois:Today, work is the most important part of many people'slives. In the future, machines will do much of our work. Thismeans that we'll have more time to think about how to livehappily.Catherine Brown: W hat developments will there be in medical science?Alexander Dubois:The day will come when we will eliminate killer diseases suchas diphtheria and typhoid. Also, there will be fewer babiesborn with birth defects because doctors will be able tooperate on children before they are born.Catherine Brown:And what about natural resources Will there be an adequatesupply of coal, oil and gasAlexander Dubois:Of course! Research shows that there are sufficient resourcesfor the next 20,000 years within one kilometer of the earth'ssurface.Catherine Brown:Will cities continue to grow and become more and moreovercrowded?Alexander Dubois:No, they won't. People will return to smaller communitieswhere they can really know their neighbors and participate incommunity life.Catherine Brown: A ren't you worried about the possibility of nuclear war?Alexander Dubois: Y es, I am. I expect there will be a nuclear war in the future,but it won't end our world. Life will continue.Statements:1. A lexander Dubois holds an optimistic point of view for the world's future.2. A lexander Dubois believes that, people's jobs will play the most important part in their lives.3. A lexander Dubois thinks that,6 some defects in babies will be treated before birth.4. A lexander Dubois predicts that someday some people will move from big cities to smallercommunities.5. A lexander Dubois believes that a nuclear war can be the end of the world.Listening 4Ex1: e c b f a dEx2: 1)biased 2) unaware 3) success 4) fun 5)control 6) environment7) flexibility 8)optimal 9)wings 10）exploreScripts:Professor Zimbardo: Time perspectives are easy to identify when people are making decisions. For some people, it’s only about what is in the immediate situation, what other people are doing, and what they are feeling. And those people, when they make their decision in that form, we’re going to call “present-oriented”, because their focus is what is now.Student A: Then maybe , I’m not ”present-oriented”. It seems what I care most is always what will be in the future.Professor Zimbardo: Yes. You might be among those ”future-oriented”. There focus is always about anticipated consequences. OK, anybody here who is neither “present-oriented” nor “future-oriented”Student B: Myself. I think neither of your description about this two time perspectives fits me well.Professor Zimbardo: Then you mast belong to the third type. We call them “pat-oriented” because they focus on what was. For them, both the present and the future are irrelevant. Thire decisions are based on past memories.Student B: That’s true, but sometimes, I just fell my time perspectives are a mixture.Professor Zimbardo: That’s very likely the case. There are actually six time perspectives: past-positive or past-negative; present-hedonistic or present-fatalist: future-oriented or transcendental future, as a matter of fact, these six time perspectives might coexist in a person. But they are biased in different situations. Either of them may rise to be the dominating one that influences us to make decisions. But we’re totally unaware.Student A: But do those perspectives show bias in their influence on human life, for example, positive or negative?Professor Zimbardo: In a sense, that’s right. Any time perspective in excess has more negatives than positives, you know what those future-oriented people sacrifice for success. They sacrifice family time . they sacrifice friend time. They sacrifice fun time. And they sacrifice sleep. So it affects their health. And they live for work, achievement and control.Student B: Yes. That’s ture. We just never realized that before. But professor, do you think time perspective is something inherent or something we learn?Professor Zimbardo: People’s time perspectives result from the social environment and their life experiences, and they can be learned and be changed . That’s the last point I want to make today. one needs to develop the mental flexibility to shift time perspectives fluidly, depending on the demands of the situation; that’s what you’re got to learn to do. The optimal temporal mix is What you get from the past-positive gives you roots. What you get from the future is wings to soar to new destinations, new challenges. What you get from the present hedonism is energy, the energy to explore yourself, places, people, sensuality.Further ListeningListening 1Ex1: F F F F T T F TEx2: 1)friend 2) end 3) weeks 4)know 5)terrible 6)rang 7)younger 8)tired9)game 10）make 11）show 12）thinking 13）distance 14）corner 15）telegram16）deserveScripts:Around the Cornerby Henson TowneAround the corner I have a friend,In this great city that has no end.Yet the days go by and weeks rush on,And before I know it, a year is gone.And I never see my old friend's face,For life is a swift and terrible race,He knows I like him just as well,As in the days when I rang his bell,And he rang mine.But we were younger then,And now we are busy, tired men.Tired of playing a foolish game,Tired of trying to make a name."Tomorrow," I say, "I will call on JimJust to show that I'm thinking of him."But tomorrow comes and tomorrow goes,And distance between us grows and grows.Around the corner! — yet miles away."Here's a telegram sir—Jim died today."And that's what we get and deserve in the end.Around the corner , a vanished friend.Listening 2Ex1: 1)clocks 2) promptness efficiency 3) impatient 4) household appliances save time 5)control miss avoidEx2: F T F F FScript:Almost every American wears a watch, and in nearly every room in an American home, there's a clock. "Be on time." "Don't waste time." "Time is money." "Time waits for no one." All of these familiar sayings reflect the American obsession with promptness and efficiency. Students and employees displease their teachers and bosses when they arrive late. This desire to get the most out of every minute often affects behavior, making Americans impatient when they have to wait. The pressure to make every moment count sometimes makes it difficult for Americans to relax and do nothing.The desire to save time and handle work efficiently also leads Americans to buy many kinds of machines. These range from household appliances to equipment for the office such as calculators, photocopy machines and computers. One popular machine is the videocassette recorder, which gives Americans a new kind of control over time. Fans of professional football don't have to miss the Sunday afternoon game on TV because of a birthday party. They simply videotape it and watch the game in the evening. What's more, they can actual save time by fast-forwarding through all the sales ads and commercials shown during te game. So a 3.5-hour game, seen later on, might only last 1.5 hours.Listening 3Ex1: A B A B DEx2: 1)pessimistic 2)doubled 3)coal 4)chickens 5) artificial 6)well-designed 7)fresher 8)leading 9)unnecessaryScript:What will life be like 100 years from now Some experts are optimistic; others, far more pessimistic. They think that by then the population will have doubled. We will have run out of essential materials, like oil and coal. We may even have run out of water to drink. They believe that we will be living like chickens- living in little boxes, and eating artificial food.But those who are more optimistic say that life in the future will be much better than it is today. We may be living in well-designed , systematic communities. We may be getting more sunlight, breathing fresher air, living in a better environment and leading far more pleasant lives than we are today.Life will certainly have become far more mechanized by the year 2100. It may even have become too mechanized. Mechanization has already caused quite a few problems and will cause still more. For example, many jobs will have been “automated”. People will no longer be able to learn only one job in their lifetime. Many of the jobs that young people are doing today will have become unnecessary by the time they are 40.Questions:1. What can definitely be said of life in the next century2. What does "many jobs will be 'automated'" mean according to the passage3. What will the influence of automation be upon people in terms of employment4. Is there any possibility hat some jobs will disappear in decades from now Why or why not5. What would the future job market look likeListening 4Ex1: F T T F FEx2: 1) Because they could have a large house and yard there2) The cities have grown larger3) During the last 10 or 15 years of the 20th century4) Because they want to change them into apartment buildings5) It saves people time for traveling back and forthScript:Starting in the early 1900s, many Americans living and working in large cities moved to the suburbs. They wanted to live where they could have a large house and yard, instead of a small apartment with no yard. The problem that this has brought is that as the cities have grown larger, people must travel a long way to their place of work. Often the trip takes as much as two hours each way. Thus they have very little time to enjoy their houses and yards.Therefore, during the last decades of the 20th century, some people became interested in moving back to the business areas of the cities. Many old buildings with businesses or factories on the first few floors have upper floors that are empty- Other old buildings are completely empty. Architects have been buying these buildings and changing them into attractive apartment buildings. Most have large comfortable rooms with big windows, which let in a lot of light. The apartments in these buildings are quickly bought by people who want to move back downtown. As one new apartment owner said, "I don't have a yard anymore, but I also don't have to sit in my car for over three hours a day. And there are nearby parks that I can visit now that I have more time."。
新编大学英语（4）课后答案完整版（浙大）
新编⼤学英语（4）课后答案完整版（浙⼤）Unit 11. 1) A entertaining B entertainment C entertained D entertainer2) A recognizable B recognized C recognition D3) A tempting B temptation C tempt4) A reasoned B reasoning C reasonable D reason5) A analyzed B analytical C analyst D analysis6) A valuable B valuation C valued/values D values7) A humorist B humor C humorous D humorless8) A understandable B understanding C understand D misunderstood2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction10) a sense of urgency3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance4. 1) certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice13) directly 14) followed 15) troubleUnit2Step OneColumn A Column B The Compound Words created through day throughoutup man upbeat, upliftdraw eared drawbackteen ready teenagehand conscious handout, handwrittenbirth back birthday, birthstonechair distance chairmanrag beat rag-earedever lift ever-readyover age overdue, overagelong due long-distance, long-earedself stone self-consciousmile out mileage, milestonetype wishing typewriter, typewrittenwell Writer/written well-wishing, well-written Step Two1) long-distance 2) upbeat 3) ever-ready 4) overdue 5) typewriter6) milestone 7) handwritten 8) uplifted 9) self-conscious 10) rag-eared 11) birthday 12) throughout 13) drawbacks 14) chairman 15) teenage 3. 1) thrives2) strategy3) annual4) deserve5) spontaneous6) sincere7) investments8) enterprise9) follow up10) characterized11) lingered12) acknowledged4. column 1) D 2) A 3) B 4) Ctough 1) D 2) B 3) E 4) F 5) C 6) A6. 1) searched2) clever3) solution4) wasted5) tolerate6) hidden7) dumb8) subject9) noise10) extra11) purchased12) replaced13) appreciation14) hurried15) warrant16) strangeUnit 3Understanding the Organization of the Text(1) Introduction (para 1)It has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior, emotions, andinterests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture.(2) There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls. (para. 2-4)Supporting evidenceA. Teachers called on males in class far more than on female students. (para 2)i) Its consequence: This has a tremendous impact on the learning process.ii) The reason for this: Active classroom participants develop more positive attitudesand go on to higher achievement.iii) Two examples:a. In many of the former all-women’s colleges, the boys were takin g over the class-room discussions and active participation by women students had diminished noticeably.b. A similar subordination of female to male students has also been observed in lawand medical school classrooms in recent years.B. Teachers assigned boys and girls different tasks according to stereotyped gender roles. (para. 3)i) Its consequence: This prevented girls from participating as actively as boys inclass.ii) An example: A teacher had the little boys perform the scientific experiment while thegirls were given the task of putting the materials away.C. Gender-biased education is also reflected in the typical American teacher’ assumption. (para 4)i) The assumption: Boys will do better in the hard, masculine subjects of math andscience while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills.ii) Three examples:a. American boys do develop reading problems, while girls, who are superior to boys inmath up to the age of nine, fall behind from then on.b. In Germany, all studies are considered masculine and it is girls who developreading problems.c. In Japan, where early education appears to be nonsexist, both girls and boys doequally well in reading.(3) The educational bias begins at home. (para 5)A. Supporting evidence:i) Boy preschoolers were permitted to go away from home in a much wider area thangirl preschoolers.ii) Boys were encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills, whilegirls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to beapproved of for their goodness and obedience to rules.B. The consequence when these lessons carry over from the home to the classroom: Girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than its content, and more anxious about being right in theiranswers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original.C. Conclusion: Through the educational process that occupies most of the child’s wakinghours, society reinforces its established values and turns out each sex in its traditionaland expected mold.Vocabulary1. 1) genetic2) assign3) noticeably4) approved5) Bias6) deprived7) constituted8) participation9) unintentional10) postgraduate2.conscious- unconsciousencourage- discouragedirectly- indirectlysexist – nonsexistdependent- independentpositive – negativesuperior - inferiorbiased – fairlimited – unlimitedappropriately- inappropriately3. 1) C 2) D 3) A 4) E 5) B 6) C 7) F 8) B4. 1) turn out2) carry over3) calling on4) put away5) fallen behind6) take overUnit 4 CreativityWord Building (P 141)1. confuseA. I was confused in…B. There seems to be some confusion …2. intelligentA. have a low intelligenceB. intelligent3. humorA. A humorous thingB. people lacking in humor4. strategyA. improve his strategyB. … is of great strategic importance5. motivateA. students who are well motivated and happy in their leaningB. His motivation was so strong that…6. combineA. a combination of tiredness and boredom caused me to fall asleep in class.B. Sickness, combined with bad weather, made our trip impossible7. createA. the creation of a new exam systemB. the most creative writer8. pursueA. In pursuit of…B. She is pursuing her studies9. multiplyA. learning multiplicationB. if you multiple four by tree…10. employA. He was healthy but he did not know how to employ (使⽤;应⽤)his energyB. the employment of modern machineryFilling the blanks (P 142):1) Is just a working model; we haven’t perfected it yet.2) We need to find the best way of approaching the problem.3) Which do you value more, wealth and health.4) You’ll soon learn how the office functions (=work运作)5) …adopt a different approach (采⽤不同⽅法)6) The car… is in almost perfect condition.7) Children should honor (尊敬) their father and mother.8) The main function(功能) of the kidneys is to purity the blood.9) It’s an honor to be asked to speak at this meeting.10) For them, the main value of the house lay in its quiet location.Filling the blanks (p 143)1) We should not dismiss these ideas just because they are unfamiliar.2) Pain and illness are thought to be the unavoidable consequences (后果)3) The government is committed to (致⼒;投⼊) promoting the developmentand use of public transportation.4) The restriction no longer applies to him because he’s over 18.5) …are vital /very important to…6) His ideas were scorned (轻蔑;鄙视) by many American psychologists.7) Internet connections through conventional (平常的; 惯常的) hone lines are fairly slow.8) I have to buy a wedding present and I want to find something really original (新颖的; 独创的) Filling the blanks(p 143)1) consciously2) innovative solutions3) unconsciously4) consciously5) Imagination6) Are not aware how…7) in control of8) Your future is created by your thoughts…9) Your present no longer has to be an extension (延伸;延续) of your past.10) A powerful technique11) You are vulnerable(脆弱的;易受伤的) to others.12) …so your life is unfolding (展开) that way13) Joyful, creative, exciting experience.14) You…have everything to gain.15) Apply creative living to every area of your life.Unit5Understanding the organization of the text1) Introduction (para. 1)Athletes are chosen to be role models, and they can choose only to be good or bad ones.2) Athletes should be role models. (para. 2-5)The author’s arguments:A. Athletes should not refuse the responsibility of being a role model whileaccepting all the glory and the money that comes with being a famous athlete. (para. 2)B. I try to be a positive role model, but that doesn’t mean I am perfect. (para. 3)C. Qualities of a positive role model: (para. 4)a. He influences people’s lives in a positive way.b. He gives of himself in time or money to help those who look up to him.c. He displays the values like honesty and determination.D. Athletes cannot take the place of parents, but can help reinforce what parents try to teach their children. (para. 5)3) People sometimes expect so much that some athletes don’t want to be rolemodes. (para. 6-7)A. Sometimes people put athletes on a pedestal.Example: I have had parents in Utah put my picture on the wall beside JesusChrist. (para. 6)B. Constantly being watched by the public can be hard to tolerate at times.Example: 1: Negative publicity Michael Jordan received about gambling.2. Ever sin ce I played on the Dream Team, I can’t go anywherewithout being the center of attention and I can’t even buy amotorcycle I really want. (para. 7)4) Conclusion (para 8-9)The good things about being a role model outweigh the bad.A. It’s a great feeling to think you are part of the reason that a id decided to try to be good.B. But parents should remind their kids that there are no perfect human beings.C. Charles Barkley is a good role model.Vocabulary2. 1) is bound to 2) follow their lead 3) goes too far/is going too far4) take the place of 5) dropped out 6) have a fit 7) measure up to8) look up to 9) Let’s face it 10) you name it3. 1) outgrown 2) outdo 3) outwitted 4) outweigh 5) outlivedUnit 6 Risks1. Vocabulary (p 223)a. sensible adviceb. relative advantagesc. the mechanism that worked the alarmd. … requires skille. eliminate all the errorsf. a plane crash2. Filling the blanks (p 223)1) The true character of many risks is quite different from what we might have imagined.2) We end up preparing ourselves for the impossible risk3) Rarely do we learn the risk level4) Such a casual attitude towards the risk level certainly sells newspapers.5) because virtually (⼏乎) everything is risky (adj.)6) There are all manner of risks (n.) in our daily life.7) People should inform themselves not only about what is risky, but also what the level of the risk is …8) Because ignoring the risk level makes sensible risk management impossible.9) Unless someone can definitely tell you what level of risk is associated with a particular activity, do as you wish.3. Translation (p 223-224)1) On the strength of (基于)those grades, he won the scholarship to Syracuse University.2) The market has all manner of (各种各样) interesting things for sale.3) /Faith does not feed on (由…滋润) then air but on facts.4) The teacher told the girl to reduce an equation to (简化) its simplest form.5) Keep o n doing that and you’ll end up (最后以…为结局) in serious trouble6) The environmental problems are often associated with (和…有关系) nuclear waste.7) Today we are doing to focus on (把重点放…) the question of homeless people8) For assistance, they turned to (向…求助) one of the city’s most innovative museums.9) Everyone is the class is expected to participate actively in (参加) these discussions.10) The Southern Weekend identified at least two village officials said to be involved in(卷⼊).unit 71. belief – doubt deep- shallow learn- unlearn shame- pride inadequate-adequatesuccess- failure boring- interesting dependent-independent mediocre-excellent uselessuseful well-informed ---- ill-informed smart- dull painful-painless imaginativeunimaginative2. 1) deprived of 2) for the sake of 3) get away with 4) dropped out 5) by no means 6) got down to 7) distinguish…from8) look back on 9) gone through10) after all 11) be rid of 12) on my own3.choice secure hear who keep while now This pressure expecting testswithin had catch marks patents obtain/get teachers relax shapeunit 81. C E B D A F2. relearn再学习regain收回，重新获得redo 重做，再做rewrite重写，改写rearrange重新整理reclaim要求归还，收回remodel 重新塑造，改变replace取代rephrase重新措辞rejoin 再结合，在加⼊reform 改⾰readjust 重新调整reunited（使）再结合rebroadcast 转播，重播reread 再读review 复习3. B A D A D C A AA Bunit 91. 1) observation 2) available 3) discoveries 4) acceptance 5) experimentation6) inventions 7) evolution 8) adaptable 9) innovative 10) objectivity2. 1) out of the ordinary 2) preceded 3) To be exact 4) Contradict(ed) 5) Prosperity COLUMN A COLUMN Binvention inventavailable AvailInnovation InnovateAdaptable AdaptDiscovery DiscoverAcceptance AcceptEvolution EvolveObjectivity ObjectiveObservation ObserveExperimentation ExperimentProsperity Prosperdisastrous disaster6) Gave birth to 7) Catch our breath 8) had in mind 9) proposed10) converted 11) disastrous 12) negative3. 1) She had hardly sat down2) Especially if/ when you want to reserve a seat3) is not necessarily the most useful4) What sort/kind of person do you have in mind5) There’s a limit on the time6) Spend part of his childhood7) three times as many girls as boys8) as do most of the people who live in this village9) but on the other hand it would be sad to lose the family atmosphere10) Depite/ In spite of international pressure。
浙大版新编大学英语第四册第十单元课文翻译
UNIT10课内阅读参考译文不朽的诗人1 “哦，对了，”菲尼亚斯·韦尔奇博士说，“我可以使那些故去的名人还魂。
”2 他有点醉了，不然他不会这样胡说。
当然，一年一度的圣诞聚会，喝得有点醉也是无可厚非的。
3 斯科特·罗伯逊，某学校年轻的英文讲师，整整眼镜，环顾左右，看看是否有人无意间听到他们之间的谈话。
4 “当真啊，韦尔奇博士。
”5 “我是当真的。
还不只是灵魂，我还能使他们的肉体复生。
”6 “我觉得这不可能，”罗伯逊一本正经地说。
7 “为什么不可能?这只不过是简单的时间转移。
”8 “你是说时空旅行?那真是太——呃——离奇了。
”9 “会者不难嘛。
”10“那怎么做呢，韦尔奇博士?”1l“你以为我会告诉你吗?”物理学家严肃地说。
他心不在焉地环顾四周，想再找杯酒喝，但没有找到。
他说：“我已经让好几个人回来过了：阿基米德，牛顿，伽利略。
这帮可怜的家伙。
”12“他们不喜欢这里吗?我还以为他们会对我们的现代科学着迷呢，”罗伯逊说。
他已经开始喜欢他们之间的谈话了。
13“哦，是的，他们是着迷了，尤其是阿基米德。
我特意温习了一下希腊文，给他解释一点现代科学，我以为他听了会高兴得发狂，可是没有……没有……”14“出什么岔子啦?”l 5“就是文化差异，他们不习惯我们的生活方式，他们感到非常孤独，还怕得要死。
我只好把他们送回去了。
”J6“真糟糕”。
17“是啊。
伟大的智者，但头脑不灵活，不能随遇而安。
所以我试了试莎士比亚。
”18“什么?”罗伯逊喊了起来。
这下真的触动他了。
19“别喊，老兄，”韦尔奇说。
“多不雅啊。
”20“你说你把莎士比亚弄回来了?”2I“没错。
我需要一个通晓古今的智者。
一个了解人世，能与相隔几个世纪的人共同生活的人。
莎士比亚正是那样的人。
我有他的签名。
作为一个纪念，你知道。
”22“你带着吗?”罗伯逊问，眼睛瞪得老大。
23“就在这里。
”韦尔奇把马甲口袋一个个摸过来。
“啊，在这儿。
”24他将一个小小的硬纸片递给这位讲师。
浙大版新编大学英语第四册第七单元课文翻译
Unit 7PASSAGE I永远不会听到的毕业典礼演说1 我们这些教师对于在你们身上取得的教育成就一点都不感到自豪。
我们培养你们去适应的是一个根本不存在的世界——事实上也是不可能存在的。
在这里度过的四年时间里，你们一直以为失败是不会留下任何记录的。
要是学得不好，一个最省事的办法就是中途退出(不修这门课)，在布朗大学你们学会了这一点。
但是，从现在开始，在你们要涉足的世界里，失败是要给你留下疤痕的。
知难而退也会使你变成另一个人。
走出布朗，知难而退的人绝不是英雄。
2 你们可以跟我们争辩，说服我们为什么你们的错误不是错误，为什么平庸的作业是优秀的，为什么你们会对普普通通并不出色的课堂报告感到骄傲。
回想一下，毕竟你们中的大多数人在你们所学的大部分课程中都得了高分。
因此，在这里分数并不能作为区分优秀学生与学业平平的学生的依据。
但是，今后，在你们所要去的世界里，你们最好不要为自己的错误辩护，而应该从中吸取教训。
假如你们要求得到你们不该得到的表扬，诋毁那些不给你们表扬的人，这是不明智的做法。
3 多年来，我们创造了一个完全宽容的世界。
这里所要求于你们的仅仅是一点微不足道的努力。
当你们没有按约定的时间赴约时，我们就再约时间。
当你们没有按期交作业时，我们装作不在乎。
4 更糟糕的是，当你们的言谈枯燥无味时，我们却装作你们说的是重要的事情；当你们喋喋不休、不知所云时，我们认真倾听，似乎你们说的东西事关重大；当你们把根本没有花心思写的作业扔到我们桌上时，我们不仅拜读，甚至批改给评语，好像值得为你们这样做似的。
当你们犯傻时，我们装作你们聪明过人；当你们老生常谈、毫无想象力、平平淡淡时，我们却装作像在听什么美妙绝伦的新鲜事情一样；当你们要不劳而获时，我们拱手奉上。
所有这一切究竟是为了什么?5 对这一切尽管你们可以想入非非，但我们决不是因为想要讨你们的欢心，而是因为我们不想让你们来Ⅱ罗唆。
一个简单的办法就是作假：微笑，让你们轻轻松松都得B。
新编大学英语(浙大第三版4)视听说教程unit8听力原文及答案
Part 1Listening 1Ex1: 1) rocks 2) Yes 3) stones 4) not 5)sand 6) No 7) waterEx2:1) time management business students 2) wide-mouthed produce at a time 3) dumped work themselves down 4) grabbed filled to the top illustration5)eager beaver how full your schedule is fit some more things 6) get them in at allScript:One day an expert on the subject of time management was speaking to a group of business students and, to stress a point, used an illustration I'm sure those students will never forget. After I share it with you, you'll never forget it either.As this man stood in front of the group of high-powered overachievers, he said, "Ok, time fora quiz." He pulled out a large, wide-mouthed jar and set it on a table in front of him. Then he produced about a dozen fist-sized rocks and carefully placed them, one at a time, into the jar.When the jar was filled to the top and no more rocks would fit inside, he asked, "Is this jar full?"Everyone in the class said, "Yes."Then he said, "Really?" He reached under the table and pulled out a bag of little stones. Then he dumped some of them in and shook the jar causing the little stones to work themselves downinto the spaces between the big rocks.Then he smiled and asked the group once more, "Is the jar full?" By this time the class was onto him. "Probably not," one of them answered. "Good!" he replied. And he reached under the table and brought out a bag of sand. He started dumping the sand in and it went into all the spaces left between the rocks and the little stones. Once more he asked the question, "Is this jar full?""No!" the class shouted. Once again he said, "Good!" Then he grabbed a bottle of water and began to pour it in until the jar was filled to the top. Then he looked up at the class and asked, "What is the point of this illustration?"One eager beaver raised his hand and said, "The point is, no matter how full your schedule is, if you try really hard, you can always fit some more things into it!""No," the speaker replied, "that's not the point. The truth this illustration teaches us is: If you don't put the big rocks in first, you'll never get them in at all."Listening 2Ex1: B C A B D C B B A DEx2: F T F F TScripts:Throughout the day, energy rises and falls. At its peak, you're likely to perform 30 to 40 percent faster and more accurately, than at its lowest, says Lynne Lamberg. So by synchronizing your schedule with your natural energy supply ,it will help you use it more efficiently.She also says, alertness is highest and concentration the most between 9a.m. and early afternoon—the best time to crunch numbers or write a report. You should dive into the hardest tasks first, and your extend high-energy mornings with a late lunch. Many people are still going strong until 1 or 2 p.m., so why break the momentum?During mid-afternoon, you might attend to some routine tasks, such as paying bills or sorting through a pile of junk mail. Work that involves physical activity, such as running down the hall tophotocopy a memo, or talking to other people (that includes phone calls)—will keep your energy level from dropping way down.When full alertness returns—around 4 p.m.—you might do a few small projects that give you a feeling of satisfaction and accomplishment. Send off an important letter. Or plan and prioritizefor the next day.The dark side of your cycle is equally important: For daylong energy we need a good night's sleep. On average, Americans get about seven-and-one-half hours, although some need more and others get by on less. We 're getting enough sleep if we wake up without the help of an alarm clock and don't feel the urge to nap during the day.Listening 3Ex1: 1) London 2) What a wonderful Life 3) Globe 4) changes developmentsnatural resources cities nuclear warEx2: T F T T FScript:(Do you feel depressed when you read newspapers? Does the news always seem bad? To many people it does, but not to Alexander Dubois, a French scientist living in London. Unlike many scientists, he believes that the world will be a better place in the future. His book, What a Wonderful Life, will be on sale, and Globe sent Reporter Catherine Brown to talk to him. Here is part of their conversation.)Catherine Brown: What changes will we see in the next few years?Alexander Dubois: Today, work is the most important part of many people's lives.In the future, machines will do much of our work. This meansthat we'll have more time to think about how to live happily.Catherine Brown: What developments will there be in medical science?Alexander Dubois: The day will come when we will eliminate killer diseases suchas diphtheria and typhoid. Also, there will be fewer babiesborn with birth defects because doctors will be able to operateon children before they are born.Catherine Brown: And what about natural resources? Will there be an adequatesupply of coal, oil and gas?Alexander Dubois: Of course! Research shows that there are sufficient resourcesfor the next 20,000 years within one kilometer of the earth'ssurface.Catherine Brown: Will cities continue to grow and become more and moreovercrowded?Alexander Dubois: No, they won't. People will return to smaller communitieswhere they can really know their neighbors and participate incommunity life.Catherine Brown: Aren't you worried about the possibility of nuclear war?Alexander Dubois: Yes, I am. I expect there will be a nuclear war in the future,but it won't end our world. Life will continue.Statements:1. Alexander Dubois holds an optimistic point of view for the world's future.2. Alexander Dubois believes that, people's jobs will play the most important part in their lives.3. Alexander Dubois thinks that,6 some defects in babies will be treated before birth.4. Alexander Dubois predicts that someday some people will move from big cities to smallercommunities.5. Alexander Dubois believes that a nuclear war can be the end of the world.Listening 4Ex1: e c b f a dEx2:1)biased 2) unaware 3) success 4) fun 5)control 6) environment7) flexibility 8)optimal 9)wings 10）exploreScripts:Professor Zimbardo: Time perspectives are easy to identify when people are making decisions. For some people, it’s only about what is in the immediate situation, what other people are doing, and what they are feeling. And those people, when they make their decision in that form, we’re going to call “present-oriented”, because their focus is what is now.Student A: Then maybe , I’m not ”present-oriented”. It seems what I care most is always what will be in the future.Professor Zimbardo: Yes. You might be among those ”future-oriented”. There focus is always about anticipated consequences. OK, anybody here who is neither “present-oriented”nor “future-oriented”?Student B: Myself. I think neither of your description about this two time perspectives fits me well.Professor Zimbardo: Then you mast belong to the third type. We call them “pat-oriented”because they focus on what was. For them, both the present and the future are irrelevant. Thire decisions are based on past memories.Student B: That’s true, but sometimes, I just fell my time perspectives are a mixture.Professor Zimbardo: That’s very likely the case. There are actually six time perspectives: past-positive or past-negative; present-hedonistic or present-fatalist: future-oriented or transcendental future, as a matter of fact, these six time perspectives might coexist in a person. But they are biased in different situations. Either of them may rise to be the dominating one that influences us to make decisions. But we’re totally unaware.Student A: But do those perspectives show bias in their influence on human life, for example, positive or negative?Professor Zimbardo: In a sense, that’s right. Any time perspective in excess has more negatives than positives, you know what those future-oriented people sacrifice for success. They sacrifice family time . they sacrifice friend time. They sacrifice fun time. And they sacrifice sleep. So it affects their health. And they live for work, achievement and control.Student B: Yes. That’s ture. We just never realized that before. But professor, do you think time perspective is something inherent or something we learn?Professor Zimbardo: People’s time perspectives result from the social environment and their life experiences, and they can be learned and be changed . That’s the last point I want to make today.one needs to develop the mental flexibility to shift time perspectives fluidly, depending on the demands of the situation; that’s what you’re got to learn to do. The optimal temporal mix is What you get from the past-positive gives you roots. What you get from the future is wings to soar tonew destinations, new challenges. What you get from the present hedonism is energy, the energyto explore yourself, places, people, sensuality.Further ListeningListening 1Ex1: F F F F T T F TEx2: 1)friend 2) end 3) weeks 4)know 5)terrible 6)rang 7)younger 8)tired 9)game 10）make 11）show 12）thinking 13）distance 14）corner 15）telegram 16）deserveScripts:Around the Cornerby Henson TowneAround the corner I have a friend,In this great city that has no end.Yet the days go by and weeks rush on,And before I know it, a year is gone.And I never see my old friend's face,For life is a swift and terrible race,He knows I like him just as well,As in the days when I rang his bell,And he rang mine.But we were younger then,And now we are busy, tired men.Tired of playing a foolish game,Tired of trying to make a name."Tomorrow," I say, "I will call on JimJust to show that I'm thinking of him."But tomorrow comes and tomorrow goes,And distance between us grows and grows.Around the corner! — yet miles away."Here's a telegram sir—Jim died today."And that's what we get and deserve in the end.Around the corner , a vanished friend.Listening 2Ex1: 1)clocks 2) promptness efficiency 3) impatient 4) household appliances save time 5)control miss avoidEx2: F T F F FScript:Almost every American wears a watch, and in nearly every room in an American home,there's a clock. "Be on time." "Don't waste time." "Time is money." "Time waits for no one." Allof these familiar sayings reflect the American obsession with promptness and efficiency. Studentsand employees displease their teachers and bosses when they arrive late. This desire to get themost out of every minute often affects behavior, making Americans impatient when they have towait. The pressure to make every moment count sometimes makes it difficult for Americans torelax and do nothing.The desire to save time and handle work efficiently also leads Americans to buy many kindsof machines. These range from household appliances to equipment for the office such as calculators, photocopy machines and computers. One popular machine is the videocassetterecorder, which gives Americans a new kind of control over time. Fans of professional footballdon't have to miss the Sunday afternoon game on TV because of a birthday party. They simplyvideotape it and watch the game in the evening. What's more, they can actual save time byfast-forwarding through all the sales ads and commercials shown during te game. So a 3.5-hourgame, seen later on, might only last 1.5 hours.Listening 3Ex1: A B A B DEx2: 1)pessimistic 2)doubled 3)coal 4)chickens 5) artificial 6)well-designed7)fresher 8)leading 9)unnecessaryScript:What will life be like 100 years from now? Some experts are optimistic; others, far more pessimistic. They think that by then the population will have doubled. We will have run out ofessential materials, like oil and coal. We may even have run out of water to drink. They believethat we will be living like chickens- living in little boxes, and eating artificial food.But those who are more optimistic say that life in the future will be much better than it istoday. We may be living in well-designed , systematic communities. We may be getting moresunlight, breathing fresher air, living in a better environment and leading far more pleasant livesthan we are today.Life will certainly have become far more mechanized by the year 2100. It may even havebecome too mechanized. Mechanization has already caused quite a few problems and will causestill mo re. For example, many jobs will have been “automated”. People will no longer be able to learn only one job in their lifetime. Many of the jobs that young people are doing today will havebecome unnecessary by the time they are 40.Questions:1. What can definitely be said of life in the next century?2. What does "many jobs will be 'automated'" mean according to the passage?3. What will the influence of automation be upon people in terms of employment?4. Is there any possibility hat some jobs will disappear in decades from now? Why or why not?5. What would the future job market look like?Listening 4Ex1: F T T F FEx2: 1) Because they could have a large house and yard there2) The cities have grown larger3) During the last 10 or 15 years of the 20th century4) Because they want to change them into apartment buildings5) It saves people time for traveling back and forthScript:Starting in the early 1900s, many Americans living and working in large cities moved to the suburbs. They wanted to live where they could have a large house and yard, instead of a small apartment with no yard. The problem that this has brought is that as the cities have grown larger, people must travel a long way to their place of work. Often the trip takes as much as two hourseach way. Thus they have very little time to enjoy their houses and yards.Therefore, during the last decades of the 20th century, some people became interested in moving back to the business areas of the cities. Many old buildings with businesses or factories on the first few floors have upper floors that are empty- Other old buildings are completely empty. Architects have been buying these buildings and changing them into attractive apartment buildings. Most have large comfortable rooms with big windows, which let in a lot of light. The apartmentsin these buildings are quickly bought by people who want to move back downtown. As one new apartment owner said, "I don't have a yard anymore, but I also don't have to sit in my car for over three hours a day. And there are nearby parks that I can visit now that I have more time."。
浙大版大学英语book 4听力课本答案
新编大学英语视听说答案（浙江大学）Book 4Unit 1Part OneExercise 21. B2. C3. D4. AExercise 31. right before2. spring break3. ski trip4. about an hour5. catch up on6. wait a minute7. anytime you want 8. read the end 9. go to the cinema 10. care aboutPart TwoListening IExercise 11.A2. C3. A4.C5.C6. BExercise 21. F2. T3.F4. F5. TListening IIExercise 11. T2. F3.F4. F5. F 6 TExercise 21. B2. C3.C4.A5. DPart Three More ListeningPractice OneExercise 21.escape into2. horror films3. follow the detective4. around these days5. ring upPractice TwoExercise 11. T2. F3. T4. TExercise 21. A2. C3.B4. DPractice ThreeExercise 11. B2. B3.C4.B5. A6. A7. B8. C Exercise 21. T2. F3.T4. F5. T 6 T 7. F 8. FPractice FourExercise 11. D2. A3. D4. C5.C Exercise 2 1. F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5. F Part Four Testing YourselfSection 11. A2. C3. C4. A5. C6. B Section II1. C2. B3. D4.C5.B6. A Section III1) dinner/ band / cake 2) house / drinks 3) invite/ arrive/ fifty 4) drinks/ newUnit 2Part OneExercise 2 1. F 2. F 3.T 4. F 5. T 6 T Exercise 31. donations/ individuals and organizations2. dedicate/ time and resources3. loving and caring4. keep coming5. keep the best6. feel better about7. not necessarily8. lovely surprise9. truth/ understanding 10. real keyPart TwoListening IExercise 11. department store2. attend college3. difficult4.physical education5. terrifiedExercise 21. F2. T3. T4.F5. TListening IIExercise 11.80/ eighty2. Caps, sweaters and scarves3. Her daughter-in-law4. Because she is blind5. 19/ nineteen6. In China7. 1/ One8. Toronto Exercise 21. 60/ sixty2. making up3. various parts of the world4. a printed slip of5.Never before6. a personal letter7. who is wearing the clothingPart Three More ListeningPractice OneExercise 1 1.C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. BExercise 21. approaching2. left3. toilet4. locked5.Tickets6. please7. pushed8. stampedPractice TwoExercise 1 1. C 2. A 3. DExercise 2 2. 4. 5.6.8.9Practice ThreeExercise 1 Written language 2. 3. 5.6Spoken language 1. 4Exercise 21. spoken language2. sign language3.representations4. derived fromPractice FourExercise 11. misunderstanding 2 . lump 3. 5/ five 4. cancer 5. fine Exercise 21. T2. F3. T4. T5.T6.FPart Four Testing YourselfSection 11. A 2 . D 3. A 4. B 5. CSection II1. moods2. regularly3. meet4. risks5.hurt6. satisfy7. disappointed8. should9.unless 10. stuckSection III1. F2. T3. F4. F5.T6.FUnit 3Part OneExercise 21. react/ perform2. pick up3.brains4. society/ way Exercise 31. when it comes to2. get lost3. seem true / more than4. host/ active games5. college education / well-paid6 second-class citizens 7. leave/ raise 8. feel guilty9.are involved in/ available 10. getting readyPart TwoListening IExercise 1 5 4 1 6 2 3Exercise 21. F2. F3. F4. T5. TListening IIExercise 11. language, culture, society / cultural expectations2. develop closeness intimacy/ earn status3. collaborative supportive/ aggressive/ competitiveExercise 2 1.C 2. B 3. A 4. BPart Three More ListeningPractice OneExercise 11. hit2. in wonder3. dress up/ play house4. lock/ public5.painting their faces6 dig into7 boys 8.talkExercise 21. try to catch2. turn into3. tear off4. careless5. painting the walls6. lazy/ cut7. dirt8. make machine-gun noisesPractice TwoExercise 1 3. 2. 4.1Exercise 2 1. B 2 . D 3. A 4. C 5. BPractice ThreeExercise 1 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. TExercise 2 1. D 2 . A 3. B 4. A 5. BPractice FourExercise 1 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. FExercise 21. reflects/ descriptions2. parents’ attitude 3 suggest/ act4. raising their family/ supporting their husbands5. used to be/ share these responsibilitiesPart Four Testing YourselfSection 11. C 2 . A 3. D 4. C 5. DSection II1. T 2 . F 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. TSection III1. aggressive2. taking risks3. crimes4. biology5. function6. roles7. unsatisfactory8. weaker9. heart attack 10. rate of survival 11. vary12. be infected with 13. average lifespan 14. do exist15. deny 16. behaveUnit 4Part OneExercise 2 2.4.7.8.10.12Exercise 31. get my hands2. put an end3. must have known4.can’t afford5. come up with6. make it sticky7. stuck to the floor8. the wayPart TwoListening IExercise 1 1. F 2 . T 3. F 4. F 5.TExercise 2 1. C 2 . B 3. D 4. A 5. CListening IIExercise 1 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. F Exercise 21. race2. proceed3. wander4. proficient5. originalPart Three More ListeningPractice OneExercise 1 2. 1.3Exercise 21. China/ 7,900 BC2. stronger/ harden3. 3100 BC / quickly/ shapes4. artPractice TwoExercise 11. partly underground2. living3. digging into the ground4. wood / grass/ waterproofExercise 21.C2. D3. A4. B5. DPractice ThreeExercise 11.A2. C3. D4. C5. DExercise 21.35/ thirty-five2. dot/ broad white3. easy / studied4. every possible angle/ obviousPractice FourExercise 11.D2. A3. A4. F5. C6. E7.A8. B9. BExercise 21. 17622. 18883. 18904. 19775. 1514/15576. 1492/ 19037. 1925/ 1868Part Four Testing YourselfSection 11. bicycle2. rips3. overnight4. analyzed5. release6. cross7. weekly8. thorough9. show 10. bicyclesSection II1. B2. B3. C4. A5. ASection III1. T2. T3. F4. F5. T6. T7. T8. F9.F 10. TUnit 5Part OneExercise 21. R2. O3. Be4. Y5. Ba6. Be7. O8. R9. J 10. R 11. Be 12. O 13. Y 14. Ba 15. Ba 16. Be 17. Y 18. Be 19. Y 20. R 21. Be 22. Ba 23. Y 24. Ba Exercise 31. counted on2. keeps a good balance3. give up4. figure out5. Apart from6.makes excuses7. no one can match 8. in his time 9. would rather10. works wonders 11. comes across 12. proud ofPart TwoListening IExercise 1Ted: tennis quite youngMike: football a little kid/ nearly forty yearsLisa: skiiing rememberExercise 21. tennis2. football3. skiing4. skiing5. tennis6. skiing7. tennis8. skiing9. football 10. footballListening IIExercise 1 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. CExercise 21. T2. T3. F4. F5. F6. F7. F8. T9.T 10. TPart Three More ListeningPractice OneExercise 11. tobogganing2. building snowmen3. throw snowballs4. ice-skating5. skiingExercise 2Finland Germany Norway USA Sweden Italy Switzerland France RussiaPractice TwoExercise 1 2. 3. 5.7Exercise 2Bo BobSwedish Americancycling long distance runningAmerican 3000-meter championship 5:30a.m-12:00 a.m 10:00 am-5：00 p.mswimming listening to musicPractice ThreeExercise 11. team spirit2. A. spend time together B. individually/ pressureC. autonomy interfered drop a playerExercise 2 1.2. 4.6. 8. 10Practice FourExercise 1 1. C 2.B 3. BExercise 21. Criticism2. harmfully employed3. a big family4. Hostilities5. The majority of people6.continuedPart Four Testing YourselfSection 1 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. C 7.D 8. A Section II1. A2. C3. A4. A5. B6. D7. C8. B9. D 10. B Section III1. strength2. training3. coaching4. new and superior5. publication6. engineering7. sports clothing8, more comfortable 9. technological input 10.limits11. recordsUnit 6Part OneExercise 21. D2. A3. B4. C5. C6. AExercise 31. farm animals /hold / feed2. small pets3. bury/ toss them out4. real shame5. dangerous/ destructive/bring disease6.have a point7. humanely /limit8. time/ money/ warm place9. isolated/ company 10. storm of debatePart TwoListening I Exercise 11. B2. C3. D4. BExercise 21. T2. F3. F4. F5.T6.TListening II Exercise 11. Her son2. snake/ crocodile3. quiet4. picky/ particular Exercise 21. big2. dogs3. tiger4.bit5. cat6. friendly7. eat 8. clean 9. wash 10. space 11. noisy 12. train 13. speak 14. keep 15. quietPart Three More ListeningPractice One Exercise 11. 4.5.6.7Exercise 21. A2. B3. C4. A5.DPractice Two Exercise 11.3Exercise 21. for free2. small donation3. $204. hundreds5. eat little6. $507. annual shots8. numerous shots9. diseasePractice Three Exercise 11. C2. B3. D4. C5.AExercise 22.5.6.7Practice Four Exercise 11. C2. C3. A4. B5.DExercise 21. crowding / water/ grass2. what is happening/ low3. target practice/ over the area4. gotten rid of / stayPart Four Testing YourselfSection 11. F2. T3. F4. T5.F6.T7.T8. F9.F 10.TSection II1. A2. C3. D4. B5. B6. BSection III1. conserve nature2. donation3. eggs4. meat5. oil6. handbags7. shoes8. fur coats9. ivory 10. reduced 11. 5,000 12. embarrassed 13. advertise the furs 14. export bans 15. importation 16. turtlesUnit 7Part OneExercise 21. C2. B3. C4. D5. AExercise 31. fun holiday2. natural scenery/ historical interest3. summer/ too cold4. long history/ vast territory5. feed the monkeys6. as many places as possible7. you name it8. host city/ ancient civilization / modern architecture9. city wall / treat yourselves 10. express trainsPart TwoListening I Exercise 11. C2. B3. B4. C5. D6. AExercise 2Flight number SN 862 SN 863Time 17:50 on July 11 15:10 on July 14Listening II Exercise 1B C F G H IExercise 2Part 1 F T T TPart 2 F F T FPart 3 T T T T FPart Three More ListeningPractice One Exercise 1Advantages ADH Disadvantages EExercise 21. C2. D3. B4. CPractice Two Exercise 11. seedy2. company3. shared4. noisy5. early6. private7. booking8. convenient9. restaurants 10. bathrooms Exercise 21. T2. F3. T4. TPractice Three Exercise 11. Fuel2. Water3. Vehicles4. clothesExercise 21. passing lorries2. enough water3. drinking4. vehicle5. emergency6. self-sufficient7. car repairs8. cost mush / or be costly 9. sweaters 10. European winter Practice Four Exercise 1Occupations B a. actress A. b. actress and author1) A 2) B 3) B 4) A 5) B 6) A 7) A 8) BExercise 21. T2. F3. F4. F5.F6.T7.F8. T Part Four Testing YourselfSection 11. F2. T3. T4. T5.FSection II1. B2. C3. C4. C5. A6. DSection III1. D2. B3. C4. D5. AUnit 8Part OneExercise 2Section A5，7，1，4，6，3，2Section B 1) F H I 2) A 3) CEJ 4) BDGJExercise 31. passed out/ in shock2. back and forth3. knows the reason why4. no doubt/ living without her5. plays a great role6. brilliant boy7. very few cases8. deny/ nature9. bright or not/ CAN 10. thicker than/ genetic relationship 11. react to / not to mention 12. hard decisionPart TwoListening I Exercise 11.F2.F3. T4. F5. TExercise 21. genes2. sex3. blood4. tooth5. mirror6. left-handed7. right-handed8. language9. young 10. alike 11. separated 12. apart 13. careers 14. interestsListening II Exercise 11. B2. D3. A4. DExercise 21.4. 6. 8. 10. 11. 12Part Three More ListeningPractice One Exercise 13. 6. 9Exercise 21. six2. four3. 1954. broad5. slim6. extended7. short 8. elbows 9. knees 10. size-14 11. lungs 12. heartPractice Two Exercise 11.19212. fit the child3. ordinary schools4. adult conception Exercise 21. good being2. wise3. realistic4. psychology5. freedom to be themselves6. discipline7. suggestion8. religious instruction 9. scholars10. scholars 11. street cleanersPractice Three Exercise 11. C2. B3. C4. BExercise 2 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5.FPractice Four Exercise 11) A 2) C 3) D 4) AExercise 21. F2. T3. T4. T5.T6.TPart Four Testing YourselfSection 11. talent2. dancing3.creative4. early5.physical6. energy7. less8. curiosity9. particularly 10. cause 11. fundamental 12. meaning 13. superior 14. fluently 15. read 16. exceptional 17. preparation 18. fully Section II1. F2. T3. F4. F5. T6. F7.F 8 TSection III1. C2. A3. C4. B5.DUnit 9Part OneExercise 21.C2. C3. C4. W5. W6. C7. C8.C9.C 10.W 11. W 12. W 13. C 14. W 15. W 16. C 17. W 18.W Exercise 31. prefer / old-fashioned2. as old as3. account for4. own/ play/ earn a living5. very proud of6. 1.5 billion / had the chance7. hills / small bridges/ singing of birds8. full of energy9. holes / buttons/ precise notes 10. indirectly/ individualistic 11. places great importance 12. a universal languagePart TwoListening I Exercise 11.restaurants/ airports/ supermarkets / banks2.A. attitudes/ in the right moodB. a better feeling/ the people around himC. happy/ work better3. A. World War II / happy/ calmB. a machine/ kinds of music / different times/ faster/ slower Exercise 21. T2. F3. F4. T5.T6.F7. T8. F Listening II Exercise 11. eases their minds / operations2. classical / instrumental jazz3. A. reduce tension B. 50 / fifty male doctors C. MathematicsD. 1) quickly 2) calmly 3) chosen for them 4) No music5) the worstExercise 21. T2. F3. T4. F5.FPart Three More ListeningPractice OneExercise 1B D A CExercise 21. their own style2. the nature3. sounds / experimented4. songs records5. films/ awardsPractice Two Exercise 11. 1) 2) 3)2. 2) 1)Exercise 21. picks the strings2. as hard as3. makes the notes4. on the strings5. manages the bowExercise 31. learn2. carry3. popular4. satisfying5. progress6. easiest7. less satisfying8. most difficultPractice Three Exercise 11. T2. T3. T4. F5.F6.F7.F8. T Exercise 2Bruce Springsteen: communicative, direct, exciting, simpler Sting: naturalPeter Gabriel：musicalBranford Marsalis: brilliant, humorousYoussou N’Dour：not so heavy/ rhythmic/ sophisticated/unusualPractice Four Exercise 11. A2. B3. A4. C5. AExercise 21. T2. N3. T4. F5.TPart Four Testing YourselfSection 11. T2. F3. F4. T5.F6.T7.T8.T Section II2. 4.7. 8. 10. 12Section III1. falling2. nice3. cold4. inside5. raining6. tears7. happen8. arms9. fire 10. goneUnit 10Part OneExercise 21. F2. F3. T4. F5.T6.F7. T8. T Exercise 31.terrible rubbish / deafening/ stand2.slow-paced/ peaceful3.concentration on them4.dreamt of / afford5. dwell on the past / more freedom5.keep up with/ totally different 7. have a date8. on the Net/ not unusual 9. adapt to / we have been saying 10. kept complaining / let it bePart TwoListening IExercise 1 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. BExercise 2 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5.FListening II Exercise 11. quietly2. myself3. pity4. sympathy5. Understanding6. favor7. rocking8. wrong9. tired 10. lazy11. same 12. luckyPart Three More ListeningPractice OneExercise 1 1. name of the ship2. number of people/ passengers3. names of the people/ passengersExercise 21.N2. F3. T4. F5. TPractice TwoExercise 1 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.F 6.T 7.F 8. T Exercise 21. marvelous2. shines3. lovely4. little team5. the best players6. football stadium7. public8. name 9. notice board 10. in two weeksPractice ThreeExercise 11. beginners’2. copy down3. days of the week4. an 8th day5. sure enough6. convince7. Australia8. that oneExercise 2 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.TPractice FourExercise 11.work, family, health, friends, spirit2.work / bounce back / marked/ damagedExercise 21. undermine your worth2. special3. set your goals4. take for granted5. meaningless6. slip through your fingers7. all the days8. give up9. stop trying 10. encounter risks 11. to be brave 12. shut 13. give 14. hold 15. wings16. learn 17. treasure 18. retrieved 19. race 20. journeyPart Four Testing YourselfSection I 1. D 2. B 3. D 4.C 5. ASection II 1. C 2. B 3. D 4.A 5. BSection III1. interpret2. forest3. flowers4. chased5.run6. catch7. jumped8. giant9.long 10.black 11. white 12. shaking 13. wet 14. sweet 15. delicious 16. angel 17. grave 18. nights 19. days 20. taste。
浙江大学新编大学英语4视听说until2答案
浙江大学新编大学英语4视听说until2答案1、You should finish your homework as soon as possible. [单选题] *A. 赶快地B. 尽能力C. 一...就D. 尽快地(正确答案)2、The bookstore is far away. You’d better _______ the subway. [单选题] *A. sitB. take(正确答案)C. missD. get3、It' s a pity that we have to stay at home when we are having（）weather. [单选题] *A. so fineB. so fine aC. such fine(正确答案)D. such a fine4、My brother is _______ actor. He works very hard. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. theD. one5、_______ win the competition, he practiced a lot. [单选题] *A. BecauseB. In order to(正确答案)C. Thanks toD. In addition to6、Ordinary books, _________ correctly, can give you much knowledge. [单选题] *A. used(正确答案)B. to useC. usingD. use7、Grandfather lives with us. We all _______ him when he gets ill. [单选题] *A. look after(正确答案)B. look atC. look forD. look like8、Once you get on the road, here are some traffic _______ to remember. [单选题] *A. problemsB. positionsC. rules(正确答案)D. points9、--Mom, I will not eat fast food this year. Believe me.--If you make a _______, you must keep it. [单选题] *A. jokeB. noiseC. mistakeD. promise(正确答案)10、_____ yuan a month _____ not enough for a family of three to live on today. [单选题] *A. Five hundred; is(正确答案)B. Five hundreds; areC. Five hundred; areD.Five hundreds; is11、I think _______ is nothing wrong with my car. [单选题] *A. thatB. hereC. there(正确答案)D. where12、33．Will Mary's mother ______ this afternoon? [单选题] *A．goes to see a filmB．go to the filmC．see a film(正确答案)D．goes to the film13、When you are tired, listen to music and try to _______ yourself. [单选题] *A. supportB. showC. playD. relax(正确答案)14、You can _______ Bus 116 to get there. [单选题] *A. byB. take(正确答案)C. onD. in15、The yellow bag _______ me. [单选题] *A. belong toB. belongs to(正确答案)C. belongD. belongs16、Patrick bought her two handbags as gifts,but _____ of them was her style. [单选题] *A. eitherB. noneC. neither(正确答案)D. all17、The man called his professor for help because he couldn’t solve the problem by _______. [单选题] *A. herselfB. himself(正确答案)C. yourselfD. themselves18、78．According to a report on Daily Mail, it’s on Wednesday（）people start feeling really unhappy. [单选题] *A. whenB. whichC. whatD. that(正确答案)19、There is a popular belief _____schools don’t pay any attention to spelling. [单选题] *A.that(正确答案)B.whichC.whatD.whose20、What lovely weather,（）? [单选题] *A.is itB. isnt it(正确答案)C. does itD.doesn’t it21、She is a girl, _______ name is Lily. [单选题] *A. whose(正确答案)B. whoC. whichD. that22、Finally,I have _____ interesting to share with you,and I am sure you will be interested in it. [单选题] *A. everythingB. something(正确答案)C. nothingD. anything23、—Could you please make the bed?—______.（）[单选题] *A. Yes, I wasB. No, I don’tC. Sure, I’ll do it(正确答案)D. No, that’s no problem24、42．—________ meat do you want?—Half a kilo. [单选题] *A．How much(正确答案)B．How manyC．WhatD．Which25、-Do you have tickets for Friday? -Sorry, we've got _____ left. [单选题] *A. eitherB. none(正确答案)C. no oneD. neither26、She serves as a secretary in a university. [单选题] *A. 为…服务B. 担任…职务(正确答案)C. 竞争…服务D. 申请…职务27、8．Turn right ________ Danba Road and walk ________ the road, then you will findMeilong Middle school. [单选题] *A．in...alongB．into...along (正确答案)C．in...onD．into...on28、How I wish I（）to repair the watch! I only made it worse. [单选题] *A. had triedB. hadn't tried(正确答案)C. have triedD.didn't try29、She returns home every year to _______ the Spring Festival. [单选题] *A. celebrate(正确答案)B. shareC. watchD. congratulate30、We _____ three major snowstorms so far this winter. [单选题] *A.hadB. haveC. have had(正确答案)D.had had。
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新编大学英语4(浙大版)课文翻译单元一：享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。
这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。
那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。
这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。
我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。
这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。
3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。
而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。
我们都听人说过这样的话：“我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。
”有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。
一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。
一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。
一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。
这么说是有道理的。
4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。
我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。
通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。
而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。
布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。
外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：“啊哈，你又上了我的当。
”5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。
第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。
如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。
通常笑话都包含这三部分，而且每部分都必须交代清楚。
如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言，则有助于增强效果。
6 我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式，进行分析，从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。
举例来说，最常见的幽默有以下几种，包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。
7 “滑稽剧”是最明显的幽默。
它语言简单、直截了当，常常以取笑他人为乐。
说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。
它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。
几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。
一位男士问另一位男士：“昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的贵妇是谁？”那位男士回答道：“那可不是什么贵妇，那是我老婆。
”这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇，也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。
这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。
由于这是一个经典笑话，观众都知道要说什么，而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。
8 中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。
相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。
相声随处都能听到，无论是在乡村的小舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，抑或在广播、电视上。
它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。
9 “俏皮话”不像滑稽剧那样浅显，它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。
我特别喜欢的一个例子是三位年长的绅士在英国乘火车旅行的故事。
当火车慢慢停下来时，第一位绅士问道：“这是Wembley (温布利)吗？”“不，”第二位绅士说：“是Thursday (星期四)。
”“我也是，”第三位说道，“让我们下车喝杯啤酒吧。
”我们知道上了年纪的人往往耳背，因此会把Wembley（温布利）听成了Wednesday（星期三），把Thursday （星期四）听成了thirsty（渴了），这样一来就为第三位老人的妙语做好了铺垫。
10 著名的中国漫画家和幽默家丁聪便是一位俏皮话大师。
在他的一幅幽默漫画中，一位老师说：“你为什么一字不改地抄别人的作业？”那位年轻的学生回答道：“我没有一字不改地抄。
我把作业上的名字改成自己的了。
”在丁聪的另一幅经典漫画里，一位生气的父亲问道：“告诉我，1加2等于几？”儿子说：“我不知道。
”这位不耐烦的父亲接着说道：“比方说，你、你妈妈和我，我们加起来一共是几个，傻瓜？”儿子得意地回答道：“是三个傻瓜。
”这些故事无论是漫画还是笑话，是由演滑稽剧的喜剧演员说还是由搭档的相声演员讲，都为各地人们所喜爱。
人们喜爱这些有趣的故事，因为它们贴近现实生活，而且里面那些出人意料的妙语十分有趣。
11 双关语是一种更微妙的俏皮话。
它使用的技巧是利用发音相似的词或同一个词的不同意思。
有些批评家认为双关语是最低级的幽默，但我不同意这种观点。
双关语与其他形式的幽默相比需要更细微、更巧妙的语言技巧；然而，简单的双关语甚至很小的孩子也能利用。
例如，谜语或脑筋急转弯问题常使用双关语做铺垫、制造故事情节，而且更多地是用在妙语部分。
双关语是我最早懂得的幽默。
记得大约在五岁时我听到了下面这个谜语。
一个人问：“什么东西整个儿是黑的、白的和红的？”另外一个人通常猜不出来，于是问道：“我不猜了。
是什么呀？”出谜语的人回答：“是报纸。
”如果你知道在英语中“red （红色）”和“read（读）”的读音一样但意思完全不同，答案就很明显了。
12 DOUBLE ENTENDRES （法语中的“一语双关”）是双关语的特殊形式, 其中的词或短语有双重意思。
两个意思往往很不相同，一个比较恰当，另一个往往比较粗俗—但并不总是这样。
我喜欢那个关于一位中学教师和校长因看见学生在学校操场上接吻而感到担心的故事。
故事并不过火。
那位教师对学生们说；“我和校长已经决定停止在学校操场上接吻。
”听到笑声，她意识到她没有把意思表达清楚，于是补充说：“我的意思是不能再在我们的鼻子下面发生接吻这样的事了。
”当然，这个解释并没有纠正她的第一句话，反而使这个笑话的双重含义变得更加好笑。
13 一些专业的幽默家认为如今的幽默大多缺乏智慧，不够巧妙。
他们不喜欢在幽默中过多使用有色情意味或粗俗的语言，而且觉得大多数幽默家缺乏创造性。
的确，现在有些幽默令人震惊，但我认为这不是幽默的过错。
幽默本身是活泼健康的，它还会继续生存下去，只因为每天都有有趣的事情发生。
一些有幽默感的人会看到听到这些有趣的事情，并把它们编成妙趣横生、令人开心的笑话和故事。
单元二：便笺的力量1 我当体育编辑，最早是为蒙比利埃（俄亥俄州）的《企业导报》工作，当时我很少收到体育迷的来信。
因此，一天早晨放在我桌上的一封来信把我吸引住了。
2 打开来信，我看到了下面的话：“关于老虎队的述评很不错，再接再厉。
”签名的是体育编辑堂?沃尔夫。
当时我只是一个十几岁的小伙子（为每一竖栏写一英寸文字，稿酬总计达15美分），因此他的话最鼓舞人心了。
我把这封信一直放在书桌的抽屉里，后来它的边角都卷起来了。
每当我怀疑自己不是当作家的料时，重温一下堂的便笺，就又会树起信心来。
3 后来，我逐渐对堂有所了解，知道给各行各业的人写快捷而鼓舞人心的便笺是他养成的习惯。
他告诉我说：“当我使别人充满信心时，我也感觉好极了。
”4 因此毫不奇怪，他的朋友圈子就像附近的伊利湖那么大。
去年他去世了，享年75岁。
电话与悼函像潮水般涌向报社，都来自于曾经得到过他激励（文字）的人们。
5 多年来，我努力效仿堂以及我的其他朋友，他们关心别人，常写一些鼓舞人心的话语，因为我觉得，他们这样做是很有意义的。
在这样一个惯于冷漠、无动于衷的世界上，这种便笺给人们带来了温暖和安慰。
我们都时不时地需要鼓励，大家知道几行赞扬的话会改变一个人的一天，甚至一生。
6 那么，这些激励人心的便笺的作者为什么寥若晨星呢？我猜想很多人回避写，是因为他们太看重人们的看法。
他们担心会被误解，怕别人觉得他们自作多情或者言不由衷。
还有，写也要花时间，远不如打电话方便。
7 当然打电话的缺点是：说过的话留不住。
而一张便笺使我们的良好意愿显得更加珍贵。
便笺是白纸黑字记录在案的东西，而且我们写下的字可以反复阅读，细细品味并珍藏起来。
8 尽管写便笺会多花一些时间，但一些非常忙的人也在这么做，其中包括乔治?布什。
有人说，他政治上的成功在很大程度上归功于他那枝随时准备写字的笔。
这是怎么回事呢？在他整个职业生涯中，每次与人们接触之后，他几乎都随后写封信，内容亲切——一句赞美之辞，一行表扬的话，或一段感谢语。
他不仅写给朋友和同事，还写给萍水相逢的人以及完全陌生的人——比如那位借伞给他的人，后来收到他热情的赞扬信，感到很惊讶。
9 那些通常做作的公司高层经理们，其领导作风只能被形容为强硬、冷漠、脱离群众。
甚至这些人也开始学习写便笺去鼓舞人心，且从中获益匪浅。
唐纳德?彼得森，福特公司的前主席，把每天写便笺鼓励同事当作一件日常工作。
该公司在80年代时走出低谷取得成功主要是他的功劳。
“我只不过匆匆地在备忘录或信的角上写一些鼓舞人心的话，然后传递出去，”他说道。
“每天最重要的一段时间，就是鼓舞那些为你工作的人的那10分钟。
”10 “太多的时候，”他发表自己的看法说，“那些我们真正喜欢的人并不知道我们是怎么看待他们的。
太多的时候，我们会以为，我并没有说过什么批评的话，为什么非得去说好话呢？我们忘了，人类需要正面的肯定或鼓励——事实上，我们靠这个取得进步，获得成功！”11 怎样才能写出振奋精神、温暖人心的信呢？只要我们怀有要表示感激之情的心愿。
写这种便笺的高手都具有我所谓的“４S”技巧。
12 １）真诚 (sincere)。
没人要听虚假的赞美。
13 ２）简短 (short)。
如果不能用三句话表达出你的意思，你很可能过火了，写得太长。
14 ３）具体 (specific)。
赞扬一位业务伙伴“演讲精彩”太笼统含糊；告诉他“关于沃伦?巴菲特的投资策略讲得很精彩”才是一语中的。
15 ４）自然 (spontaneous)。
这使得便笺充满了生气，洋溢着热情，并使读者的心灵长久地感受这种生气和热情。
16 当你非得到处找写信用品时，写出来的东西就难以自然，因此我总是把纸、信封和邮票放在手边，甚至在旅行时也是如此。
信封信笺不需要很花哨，重要的是要表达的思想。
17 那么，你周围又有谁值得你写便笺表示感谢或鼓励呢？一位邻居？为你服务的那位图书馆管理员？一位亲戚？你的市长？你的伙伴？一位教师？你的医生？你不必富有诗意。
如果你需要一个写的理由，就找一个生活中的重要事件，例如你们共同参加的某个特殊事件的周年纪念日、生日或者节日。
例如，过去的25年里，我总是为远方的朋友每年准备一张圣诞卡，而且常常在上面亲笔写上一句感谢或祝贺的话。