2003华东师大考博英语阅读及答案
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编12(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编12(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．The detectives kept a ______ watch of the suspect’s house.A．keenB．completeC．thoroughD．close正确答案：D解析：close a.严密的，密切的。
keen a．热心的，渴望的(on)；敏锐的，敏捷的(of)。
complete a.完全的，完整的。
thorough a.彻底的，完全的。
2．The police searched all the houses but found no______.A．connectionsB．cluesC．relationshipsD．ties正确答案：B解析：clue(to)n.线索，提示。
3．Many skiers ______ around the fire and drink hot chocolate in the evenings.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)A．padB．packC．squeezeD．cluster正确答案：D解析：本题空格处是说“许多滑雪者成群地围在火堆边”。
D项“cluster丛生，成群”符合题意．如：The boys and girls clustered together round the camp fire telling stories and singing songs．(孩子们成群地围着营火堆讲着故事唱着歌。
)其他三项“pad加上垫衬；pack包装：squeeze压榨”都不正确。
4．A substance such as sand may be either fine or ______.A．coarseB．courseC．largeD．tough正确答案：A解析：coarse a．粗的，粗糙的；粗劣的；粗俗的。
考博英语(阅读理解)历年真题试卷汇编7(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编7(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionWe have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them. But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down, and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us, that is, scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable, either socially or biologically. As we approach the beginning of the 21st century, the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles, responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex, and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought to be “ beyond dispute”. We can safely say, with a few minor exceptions, that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19th century to the 1960s. The role distinction, raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model, lasted throughout this period, appealing for its justification to nature, religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman bore children and took care of the home. The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary. The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the time-honored order of things. It was felt to be against nature, a deviation from the norm. Sex roles were determined according to the “place” appropriate to each. Women’s place was, first and foremost, in the home. The outside world, i.e. workshops, factories and business firms, belonged to men. This sex-based division of the world(private and public)gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes, which conferred on each is special identity. The woman, sequestered at home, “cared, nurtured and conserved. “ To do this, she had no need to be daring, ambitious, tough or competitive. The man, on the other hand, competing with his fellow men, was caught up every day in the struggle for survival, and hence developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man. Today, many women go out to work, and their reasons for doing so have changed considerably. Besides the traditional financial incentives, we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstances, and the wish to have a social life and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all, for all women, work is invariably connected with the desire for independence.1．It is only in recent years that we have recognized that______.A．there is almost no clue to the identity of both sexesB．the role distinction between different sexes is conspicuousC．the different definitions of sexes bears on the development of cultureD．the progress of civilization greatly influences the role definitions of sexes正确答案：D解析：细节题。
2012年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】2012年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解时间：180分钟Paper One注意：答案请做在答题卡上，做在试题上一律无效Part I Vocabulary and Structure(15%)Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer SheetⅠwith a single line through the center 1.The concept of vocational or professional identity differs______between the United Sates and Japan.A.clearB.markedlyC.outstandinglyD.greedily【答案】B【解析】句意：美国和日本在职业或专业身份的概念定义上存在明显差异。
markedly明显地；显著地。
clear清楚的；明显的。
outstanding杰出的；突出的。
greedily贪婪地；贪食地。
此处需要的是具有“明显，显著”含义的副词。
2.Now that her son was old enough to support the family,Mr.Williams decided to leave everything at his______.A.handB.advocacyC.tacklingD.disposal【答案】D【解析】句意：既然她的儿子已长大到足以支撑整个家庭，威廉姆斯先生决定将所有事都交给他来处理。
2007年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2007年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解Paper OnePartⅠVocabulary and Structure(15%)Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.1.We hadn’t enough money to pay our bus fare,and in______we had to walk.A.particularB.consequenceC.possessionD.succession【答案】B【解析】句意：我们没有足够的钱付车费，结果我们就不得不走路。
in particular特别。
in possession(法)占有，持有。
in succession接连着。
2.Wealthy people sometimes feel a______to steal things they can easily afford to buy.A.prioritypulsionC.privilegeD.repulsion【答案】B【解析】句意：富人有时会一时冲动，偷窃他们明明能买得起的东西。
compulsion（心理）难以抗拒的冲动。
priority优先。
privilege特权。
repulsion（医）排斥，斥力。
3.This young man,______with a craving for materialistic gratification,cares about nothing but money.A.obsessedB.negotiatedpromisedD.provided【答案】A【解析】句意：这个年轻人，太痴迷于物质上的满足，除了金钱，他什么都不在乎。
2003医博统考听力题解析原文
2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension (30 %)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example. You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Sample AnswerA B DNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. A shop assistant. B. A physician. C. A pediatrician. D. An ophthalmologist.2. A. To make a call to the hospital. B. To go to the man’s house immediately.C. To expect the doctor’s call.D. To take a message.3. A. There’s only one point he doesn’t understand.B. He refuses to take any help.C. These q uestions won’t be on the exam.D. He would like some help.4. A. Dr. Smith isn’t a good choice.B. She’s never been treated by Dr. Smith.C. She’s been sitting in the waiting room for too long.D. She’d like to recommend a magazine t o the man.5. A. The man has seen the fungi for three times.B. The man is not careful enough.C. The man has been watching it for three days.D. The man is the woman’s teacher.6. A. He was fired. B. He was blamed for bad service.C. He was promoted.D. He was warned not to be late again.7. A. People enjoy shopping in the drug store.B. People spend little time in the drug store.C. People who spent shorter time in the store are more likely to buy something there.D. People spend too much time reading articles about quick cures sold there.8. A. His computer doesn’t work.B. He doesn’t understand his stuff working on computer.C. He registered for the wrong course.D. He doesn’t know how to apply the computer theories.9. A. It is easy to take care of her three teenage boys.B. Nancy’s life is easy compared with the woman’s.C. Nancy lives a more difficult life.D. Nancy would like to take care of her three boys.10. A. New York. B. San Francisco. C. Seattle. D. San Diego.11. A. Sunny bought a new computer. B. Sunny got a bargain.C. Mike bought a new computer.D. Mike got a bargain.12. A. The patient is ringing a bell. B. Her name sounds beautiful.C. Nancy Johnson is ringing the bell now.D. Her name sounds familiar.13. A. The woman doesn’t like orange juice. B. The woman forgot to buy orange juice.C. The man was in a car crash this morning.D. The man broke the container of juice.14. A. John is a plumber.B. John was too busy to come.C. John was not at home when the woman called.D. The woman dialed the wrong number.15. A. His luck ha sn’t been good. B. He is a lucky man.C. He decided not to do the lottery again.D. He doesn’t care about money.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage One16. A. Bridge-building experts. B. Washington Roebling.C. John Roebling.D. The Roeblings.17. A. Only the Roeblings had confidence in it.B. It came up against financial problems.C. Experts showed great interest.D. It took John Roeblings 13 years to complete the project.18. A. He was killed at the building site. B. He was injured in a traffic accident.C. He was seriously eyesight-damaged.D. He was seriously brain-damaged.19. A. His language. B. His limbs. C. His brain. D. His mind.20. A. Because the project was spectacular.B. Because the project seemed impossible.C. Because the building instructions were given with one finger.D. All of the above.Passage Two21. A. The American population increased by 40 percent.B. So many school children died of polio in the nation.C. A polio plague swept the nation.D. A polio vaccine was developed.22. A. A vaccine for polio. B. A rare form of cancer.C. A disease similar to AIDS.D. A virus from monkeys.23. A. They were at risk of getting cancer.B. They became victims of poliomyelitis.C. They were involved in a medical investigation.D. They were injected with tainted vaccines.24. A. 30 percent. B. 40 percent. C. 50 percent. D. 60 percent.25. A. All the injections given 40 years ago were contaminated.B. The contaminated vaccines may cause cancer in humans.C. Vaccines are responsible for brain tumors.D. Brain tumors had increased by 40%.Passage Three26. A. 1969. B. 1977. C. 1997. D. 2000.27. A. To help answer parents’ questions about children’s growth.B. To separate fat babies from normal ones.C. To rev ise the familiar children’s growth chart.D. To identify whether a person is overweight.28. A. It can differentiate between fat babies and thin.B. It can identify a child’s possibility of growing fat from babyhood.C. It can give par ents some advice on children’s diet.D. It can remind parents of something they neglected in their childhood.29. A. When his BMI is at 23rd percentile or above.B. When his BMI is at 75th percentile or above.C. When his BMI is at 95th percentile or above.D. When his BMI is at 97th percentile or above.30. A. Setting a good example for their children.B. Disciplining their children.C. Reflecting the nature of modem-day life.D. Changing their children’s hea lth behavior.2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension(30%)Section A1. D 通过对话中的glasses和vision-chart可知女士是名眼科医师。
考博英语(阅读理解)练习试卷7(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷7(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionWould you like to know if your body is older or younger than it should be? Dr David Wikenheiser has been studying ageing in Vancouver, Canada, for the past 10 years and has found the average person is 15 or more years older biologically than chronologically. He says: “We all know people who are 30 but look over 40, and others who are 70 yet look 50. The difference comes down to lifestyle. Some people’s bodies get rusty faster than others, and this makes them age more quickly. “Virtually every ageing process is related to the oxidative compounds or free radicals produced by our body as a reaction to pollution, ultraviolet light, stress, smoking, alcohol and pesticides. But these can be neutralised by antioxidants. After conducting more than 3 000 tests, Dr. Wikenheiser believes that, on average, you can lower your biological age by 10 years in three months with the right lifestyle changes. “You can’t alter your genetics but you can make other changes, such as eating the right food, drinking enough water to flush out toxins, exercising and managing stress,”he says. But exercising too much is just as bad as not doing enough. Walking out for more than two hours at a time every day puts too great a strain on your heart. “Multivitamin and antioxidant supplements are important even if you’re eating the right amount of fruit and vegetables. Today’s soil tends to lack essential minerals so these are no longer found in the food we eat, in large enough quantities. We should also swap (交换)bleached white table salt for natural sea salt which is much better for us. “It’s also important to eat three meals a day. Missed meals put a strain on your brain as your blood sugar level drops. Many of us are also eating the wrong fats or avoiding fat altogether, so we miss out on important nutritional oils. “You should also ask your dentist what kind of fillings you have. Amalgam fillings in your teeth are not stable and will contribute to toxic metal levels in your body.” says Dr. Wikenheiser. (351 words)1．From the first paragraph, we can see______.A．Wikenheiser is an American scientistB．Wikenheiser is a doctorC．a lot of us look older than our actual ageD．we don’t know we are 15 years older than others正确答案：C解析：第一段里有…has found the average person is 15 or more years older biologically than chronologically。
中科院考博英语03.3有答案
中国科学院2003年3月博士研究生入学考试试题PAPER ONEPART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear ten short conversations betwen two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The question will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. She is sick. B. she is hungry.C. She was bitten by an ant.D. She had a long bicycle ride.2. A. He's outgoing. B. He's considerate.C. He's successful.D. He's nice to all.3. A. 30 minutes. B. 25 minutes.C. 20 minutes.D. 15 minutes.4. A. Take the air. B. Park the car.C. Fill in the from.D. Work on a text.5. A. Apply for a created. B. Get a driver's license.C. Buy an insurance.D. Rent a vehicle.6. Crime need to be treated as a disease.B. Primitive punishment will do no good.C. Severe punishment is necessary to stop crime.D. Primitive people had trouble with crime treatment.7. A. The sale of the old houses.B. The pulling down of the gas company.C. The proposal of the council.D. The building of the office blocks.8. A. He will not be able to marry Cindy.B. He has financial problems.C. He has yet to buy furniture.D. He may not be recovered until the wedding.9. A. Both are having a cold.B. Both are on holidays.C. The woman feels sorry for the man.D. The woman hopes to see the man in the school.10. A. He felt sympathy for the Vietnamese.B. He used to the U S unlawfully.C. He aided illegal immigration to the U S.D. He dealt with 7,000 immigration cases.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear three short passages. At the end of each passage, there will be a questions. Both the passage and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During te pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.11. A. To make children grow tall and strong.B. To keep the soul in the body.C. To prevent someone from saying evil things.D. To protect someone against catching a cold.12. A. They think a good spirit may help the child grow.B. They want to drive away the devil “sneeze.”C. They say it as a curse for the child to stop sneezing.D. They consider a sneeze an obstacle to the child's growth.13. A. The German. B. The Italian.C. The Japanese.D. The Hindus.14. A. All peoples are afraid of sneezing.B. Some people never sneeze in their lives.C. The moment of sneezing is very dangerous.D. Many people say prayers when they sneeze.15. A. A lack of available flights. B. Long delays at the airport.C. When flying over cities.D. When flying at high altitudes.16. A. On short trips. B. On long trips.C. When flying over cities.D. When flying at high altitudes.17. A. It fuels with nuclear energy.B. It rests on a cushion of pressurized air.C. It flies above magnetically activated tracks.D. It uses a device similar to a jet engine.18. A. She is poor in school grade.B. Her major is thought to be useless.C. Her job expectation is too high.D. There is now an economic recession.19. A. Undergraduates. B. Experienced M. B. A.s.C. Laid-off workers.D. Liberal-arts majors.20. A Unemployment rate will get still higher.B. There will be no multiple job offers.C. 2 million job seekers will compete for jobs.D. First-time job requirements will be lowered.(THE IS THE END OF LISTENING COMPERHENSION)PART ⅡVOCABULARYDirections: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. His tick convinced none but the most__________.A. credulousB. plausibleC. trustworthyD. feasible22. Many people proposed that a national committee be formed todiscuss__________to existing mass transit systems.A. substitutesB. measuresC. duplicatesD.alternatives23. He is a hypocrite, a liar, a thief__________, he is the greatest devil I everknow.A. as a consequenceB. as a ruleC. as a matter of factD. as amatter of routine24. Since she was alone, she opened the door__________, leaving the chainlock fastened.A. warilyB. consciouslyC. audaciouslyD.recklessly25. In the last few minutes the conversation has becomeseemingly__________as if the discussion were of some minor domestic matte r and not survival itself.A. crucialB. centralC. casualD.causal26. I didn't listen to Mom and I was not surprised at the look of__________onher face.A. take upB. complimentC. negligenceD.reproach27. The victims of drunken driving in America over the pastdecade__________an incredible 250,000, with three killed every hour of every day on average.A. take upB. add up toC. count forD. turnout to28. He is believed to have been shot by a rival gang in__________for theshootings last week.A. revengeB. reserveC. reverseD.remedial29. These pollutants can be_______hundreds and eve thousands of kilometersby large air masses.A. containedB. conveyedC. contaminatedD.conserved30. There are a few small things that I don't like about my job,but__________it's very enjoyable.A. all at onceB. once and for allC. so much asD. by andlarge31. In a divorce, the mother usually is granted__________of her children.A. supportB. retentionC. perseveranceD.custody32. What he had in mind__________to nothing less than a total reversal of thetraditional role of the executive.A. contributedB. dedicatedC. amountedD. added33. Some Heads of Government now fear that negotiations will_______beforea settlement is reached.A. wear outB. come alongC. break offD. endup34. A ________of soap and two brightly colored towels were left beside thebath, the women smiled politely at Nicole and withdrew carefully form the room.A. loafB. barC. stickD.block35. of the 1,200 million people who call themselves Chinese,__________a verysmall number speak what is referred to as standard Chinese.A. none butB. but forC. all butD. butthen36. __________recent brain and behavioral research, Dr. Goleman wrote afascinating book entitled “Emotional Intelligence.”A. Drawing upB. Drawing onC. Putting upD.Putting on37. Many people think of deserts as__________regions, but numerous speciesof plants and animals have adapted to life there.A. remoteB. virginC. alienD.barren38. Attempts to persuade her stay after she felt insulted were__________.A. of no availB. out of focusC. queerlyD. in noway39. Scientists are__________certain that there is a cancer-inhibiting agent inthe blood of the shark.A. dubiouslyB. virtuallyC. queerlyD.randomly40. The integration of staff for training has led to a good exchange of ideas,greater enthusiasm, and higher staff__________.A. moralB. mortalC. moraleD. moresPART Ⅲ CLOZE TESTDirections: There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.It is appropriate on an anniversary of the founding of a university to remind ourselves of its purposes. It is equally appropriate at such time for students to__41__ why they have been chosen to attend and to consider how they can best__42__the privilege of attending.At the least you as students can hope to become__43__in subject matter which may be useful to you in later life. There is,__44__, much more to be gained. It is now that you must learn to exercise your mind sufficiently__45__learning becomes a joy and you thereby become a student for life.__46__this may require an effort of will and a period of self-discipline. Certainly it is not__47__without hard work. Teacher scan guide and encourage you, but learning is notdone passively. To learn is your__48__.There is__49__the trained mind satisfaction to be derived from exploring the ideas of others, mastering them and evaluating them. But there is__50__level of inquiry which I hope that some of you will choose. If your study takes you to the __51__of understanding of a subject and, you have reached so far, you find that you can penetrate to__52__ no one has been before, you research.Commitment to a life of scholarship or research is__53__many other laudable goals. It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even__54__other facets of life prove disappointing. I strongly__55__it.41. A. count B. reflect C. depend D. comment42. A. benefit from B. take over C. apply for D. go through43. A. efficient B. excellent C. professional D. proficient44. A. however B. therefore C. indeed D. after all45. A. if B. because C. so that D. before46. A. Of late B. Consequently C. Afterwards D. At first47. A. acquired B. accomplished C. approached D. assured48. A. ambition B. conscience C. responsibility D. challenge49. A. to B. on C. in D. by50. A. any B. one C. another D. no51. A. ends B. limits C. borders D. edges52. A. elsewhere B. what C. whichever D. where53. A. compatible with B. responsible forC. followed byD. relevant to54. A. shall B. will C. would D. should55. A. declare B. recommend C. advise D. contendPART Ⅳ READING COMPREHENSIONDirections: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1Small, pink and very ugly. Hardly the qualities of a star, but they describethe deformed mouse that was the media darling at a recent science exhibition in Beijing. With a complex tissue structure in the shape of a human ear grafted on to its back, the rosy rodent was a stunning symbol of the serious strides China is making in the field of biotechnology.China is fast applying the latest life-science techniques learned from the West to aggressively pursue genome research. It's establishing its own centers of technical excellence to build a scientific base to compete directly with the United States and Europe. With a plentiful supply of smart young scientists at home and lots of interest abroad biotechnology is on the brink of a boom in China. And in the view of foreign scientists, Beijing is playing a clever hand, maximizing the opportunities open to them.For the moment, the cooperation exists mostly with Europe and the U.S. But Asia's other biotech leaders, Japan, Singapore and Korea, also are recognizing China's potential as an attractive low-cost base to conduct research. These partnerships—and China's advancement in the field of biotechnolo-gy—could help benefit the rest of Asia: China's rapid progress in improving crop yields will address food-security concerns in the region. In addition, China is more likely to focus on developing cheap technology that its predominantly poor population—and those of other Asian countries—can afford.There remain, however, serious barriers to the development of a strong biotech industry. Among them are a poor domestic legal framework, weak enforcement of intellectual-property rights and loose adherence to international standards. China is a signatory of the International Bio Safely Protocol, which should mean adherence to global standards governing the conduct of field trials. But some observers are skeptical. “The regulations look goo d, but I haven't met one scientist who believes they are being fully adhered to,” says a European science analyst.If shortcuts are taken, then some of the recent scientific achievements trumpeted in the official press may never make it to market. But no matter how strict lab test are, other problems lie in wait. For example, there is a number of tasks it would take years to fulfill in the patents office, says one lawyer, leaving innovators with little protection if they take a product to market in China.56. The mouse on display is most significant in that__________.A. it has an ear in the shape of a human earB. it is unusually small and ugly as a starC. it is the focus of the media at the exhibitionD. it indicates China's progress in biotechnology57. The phrase “on the brink of a boom” (in boldface in Paragraph 2) in thecontext means __________.A. having an edge in competitionB. in great demandC. on the way to successD. preparing for challenge58. In the field of biotechnology China is thought to__________.A. have been making an utmost effort learning from the WestB. have become a country among the advancedC. have been able to rival the United States and EuropeD. have launched a biotechnological revolution59. Japan, Singapore, and Korea will also be interested in cooperating withChina in biotechnology because__________.A. it has made extraordinary contributions to the worldB. it has large supplies of talents and advanced research centersC. its research focuses on the benefits of all Asian countriesD. its cooperation with the US and Europe proves profitable60. Science analysts are worried that China, in the course of biotech development,__________.A. might refuse to join efforts to adhere to global standardsB. may put too much emphasis on developing cheap technologyC. cannot afford to fulfill years of tasks in assessing patentsD. may not seriously follow the International Bio Safely Protocol61. As implied in the context, the shortcuts that might be taken include__________.A. publicizing recent achievements in the official pressB. the protection of innovators with their productsC. the violation of intellectual-property rightsD. making lab tests as strict as possiblePassage 2The sizzling streams of sunlight were just beautifully glimmering down on the crisp green schoolyard. Such a wonderful day that was. Nothing could have ruined it. Little Jimmy, since it was such a wonderful day, decided to go to the corner store and but himself a little treat. As Jimmy started walking over to the store, clouds flocked over the dazzling sun and the sudden pitch dark meant to trouble. On the other side of the road were three white boys from Jimmy's same school. Upon recognizing Jimmy, the boys ran over the street to where he was.“Hey Negro, what's up?” one of the white boys said.“Did your mamma pack you enough to eat today?” another hooted.“Just leave me alone,” Little Jimmy said.“Oh no, Jimmy's really getting pist off!?” the first boy retaliated.“Just shove off and let me be,” Jimmy answered.It is like this everyday, everywhere, and every time, people suffer discrimination. All because they have differences amongst each other. Different beliefs, different cultures, different skin colors, all of these act like building blocks to help construct what we know as Racism.Racism has become one of the many burdens amongst multi-cultural worlds like Canada and the States. Racism is a part of each every one of us. No doubt, we are all racist, but the term racism has been used too loosely. Racism has been mutated to such an extent that it could be a reason for war, a symbol of terrorism, and even an excuse for neglecting.Is that all there is to it? No actually it is just the beginning. Racism is just like warfare in which there is no shelter and nobody is neutral.Nobody is exempt form this demon. He has haunted us with a bitter curse. On one occasion I remember, nobody would play with me at school. I would walk around by myself and ask people if we could play together. Everywhere that I went, like the process of induction, everyone would avoid me, like two inducted poles with the same polarity, they would just shimmer off into the distance and continue to do whatever they're doing. Because of racial differences, they neglect me.People are afraid of the unknown, and it is this difference amongst people that spread rumors and distrust amongst people. Corrupting our thoughts and reasons, we get accustomed to thinking differences are omens. Amongst smaller kids, there is no difficulty in getting them to all play together. Their thoughts are not totally corrupted as others. Probably the demon has no time to bother with smaller children.62. With the description of the weather and Jimmy's feeling about it the authorintends to show that __________.A. what a happy world it is for humansB. what an innocent boy Jimmy wasC. what an unusual thing hat was to happen to JimmyD. what a wonderful world that people have ignored63. From the conversation with the three white boys, we learn that Jimmy__________.A. must have offended them beforeB. was a pleasant boy to be talked toC. was being humiliated for being blackD. must have got used to their behaviors64. According to the author, Racism__________.A. leads to a world with no varietyB. does not see the differences between culturesC. hinders the world's economic developmentD. does not tolerate coexistence of different cultures65. By saying “No doubt, we are all racist” (in boldface in Paragraph 3) theauthor admits that __________.A. we are all warlike by natureB. we all discriminate against other peoplesC. we are all proud of our own race and nationD. we all focus on the difference between races66. To be continued, the passage would probably be followed by a paragraphthat deals with __________.A. how children's thoughts are corrupted by racism as they growB. the author's far more miserable experience of being neglectedC. how the black people should unite to fight against the WhitesD. the education of smaller children to behave pleasantly to each other67. Which of the following can best describe the tone of teh passage?A. Provocative.B. Indignant.C. Sentimental.D. Sarcastic.Passage 3This week marks the 10th anniversary of the Alar apple scare, in which many American consumers were driven into a panic following the release of a report by an environmental organization claiming that apples containing the chemical Alar posed a serious health threat to preschoolers. The report was disseminated through a PR (Problem Report) campaign and bypassed any legitimate form of scientific peer review. Introduced to the American public by CBS“60 Minutes,”the unsubstantiated claims in the report led some school disricts to remove apples from their school lunch programs and unduly frightened conscientious parents trying to develop good eating habits for their children.Last month,Consumers Union released a report warning consumers of the perils of consuming many fruits and vegetables that frequentlycontained“unsafe” levels of pesticide residues. This was especially true for children, they claimed. Like its predecessor 10 years earlier, the Consumers Union report received no legitimate scientific peer review and the public's first exposure to it was through news coverage.Not only does such reporting potentially drive children for consuming healthful fruits and vegetables, the conclusions were based on a misleading interpretation of what constitutes a “safe” level of exposure. Briefly, the authors used values known as the “chronic reference doses.” set by the U. S. environmental Protection Agency, as their barometers of safely. Used appropriately, these levels represent the maximum amount of pesticide that could be consumed daily for life without concern. For a 70-year lifetime, for example, consumers would have to ingest this average amount of pesticide every day for more than 25,000 days. It is clear, as the report points out, that there are days on which kids may be exposed to more; it is also clear that there are many more days when exposure is zero. Had the authors more appropriately calculated the cumulative exposures for which the safety standards are meant to apply, there would have been no risks and no warnings.Parents should feel proud, rather than guilty, of providing fruits and vegetables for their children. It is well established that a diet rich in such foods decreases the risk of heart disease and cancer. Such benefits dramatically overwhelm the theoretical risks of tiny amounts of pesticides in food. So keep serving up the peaches, apples, squash, grapes and pears.68. In the Alar apple scare, many Americans were frightened because__________.A. scientists warned that apples were dangerousB. many school children became ill after eating applesC. it was reported that apples were harmful to healthD. apples were discovered to have too much pesticide69. The warning message about the Alar apple was given__________.A. by Consumers UnionB. by a health centerC. through an news agencyD. through the government70. The last month report parallels that on the Alar apple scare in that__________.A. neither really caused worry among the publicB. neither underwent a scientific peer reviewC. neither provided statistical supportsD. neither aimed for the public good71. The “chronic reference doses” (in boldfac e in Paragraph 3) refer to__________.A. the safe levels of pesticide exposureB. the amount of fruits one can safely eatC. one's digestive capacity for fruitsD. health values of fruits and vegetables72. With regard to the pesticides in food, this passage seems to argue that__________.A. parents should keeps their children from the food with pesticidesB. they should be applied to fruits and vegetables wit cautionC. more research needs to be done on their harmfulness to healthD. they are not as threatening as said to children most of the time73. The primary purpose of this passage is to explain that__________.A. not all reports on food are scientifically soundB. it is important for the public to know the risks of pesticidesC. vegetables and fruits can be harmful to children's healthD. there should be no public concern over pesticidesPassage 4Abortion. The word alone causes civil conversation to flee the room. This is largely because the prochoice and pro-life positions are being defined by their extremes, by those who scream accusations instead of arguments.More reasonable voices and concerns, on both sides of the fence, are given little attention.For example, pro-life extremists seem unwilling to draw distinctions between some abortions and others, such as those resulting from rape with an underage child. They would make no exception in the recent real-life case of a woman who discovered in her fifth month that her baby would be born dead due to severe disabilities.On the other hand, pro-choice extremists within feminism insist on holding inconsistent positions. The pregnant woman has an unquestionable right to abort, they claim. Yet if the biological father has no say whatsoever over the woman's choice, is it reasonable to impose legal obligations upon him for child support? Can absolute legal obligation adhere without some sort of corresponding legal rights?The only hope for progress in the abortion dialogue lies in the great excluded middle, in the voices of average people who see something wrong with a young girl forced to bear the baby of a rapist.Any commentary on abortion should include a statement of the writer's position. I represent what seems to b ea growing“middle ground” in pro-choice opinion. Legally, I believe in the right of every human being to medically control everything under his or her own skin. Many things people have a legal right to do, however, seem clearly wrong to me: adultery, lying to friends, walking past someone who is bleeding on the street. Some forms of abortion fall into that category. Morally speaking, my doubts have become so extreme that I could not undergo the procedure past the first three months and I would attempt to dissuade friends from doing so.Fanatics on both sides are using reprehensible and deceitful tactics. An honest dialogue on abortion must start by re-setting the stage, by denouncing the approaches that block communication.74. According to the passage, the pro-life and pro-choice positions on abortion are__________.A. complementary to each otherB. opposed to each otherC. similar in natureD. reconcilable in a way75. To a pro-life extremist,__________.A. all babies should be carried to termB. babies resulting form rape should not be bornC. deformed babies can be aborted when detectedD. an underage girl has no right to give birth76. According to the pro-choice position,__________.A. a pregnant woman cannot abort her baby if its father arees to keep itB. a pregnant woman has an absolute right of choice over an abortionC. the baby's father also has a say over its mother's choice of abortionD. the baby's father has an unalienable obligation to support the baby77. Who would insist that the baby be born whether or not it is the child of a rapist?A. The authorB. Average peopleC. A pro-choice advocateD. A pro-life extremist78. The author doubts the legal right to lie to friends as well as the one to__________.A. abort a fetus in its fifth monthB. view the photos of late-term abortionC. give birth to a baby in one's teenageD. dispose of what ever under one'sskin79. The author, as a “middle ground” person,__________.A. actually holds a mild pro-life opinionB. proposes that a rapist's baby never be bornC. advocates a serious dialogue on abortionD. denies the principle “a woman's body, a woman's right”Passage 5In the absence of optimism, we are left with nothing but critics, naysayers, and prophets of doom. When a nation expects the worst from its people and institutions, and its experts focus exclusively on faults, hope dies. Too many people spend too much tie looking down rather than up, finding fault with their country's political institutions, economic system, educational establishment, religious organizations, and—worst of all —with each other.Faultfinding expends so much negative energy that nothing is left over for positive action. It takes courage and strength to solve the genuine problems that afflict every society. Sure, there well always be things that need fixing. But the question is, Do you want to spend your time and energy tearing things down or building them up?The staging of a Broadway show could illustrate my point. Let's say a new production is about to open. A playwright has polished the script, investor have put up the money, and the theater ahs been rented. A director ahs been chosen, actors have been auditioned and selected, and the cast has been rehearsing for weeks. Set, lighting, and sound engineers have been hard at work. By the time opening night arrives, nearly a hundred people have labored tirelessly—all working long hours to make magic for their audience.On opening night ,four or five critics sit in the audience. If they pan it, the play will probably close in a matter if days or weeks. If they praise it, the production could go on for a long and successful run. In the end, success or failure might hinge on the opinion of a single person—someone who might be in a bad mood on opening night! What's wrong with this scene? In one sense, nothing. Critics have a legitimate role. The problem arises when we make critics our heroes or put them in control of our fate. When we empower the critic more than the playwright, something is wrong. It is much easier to criticize than to create. When we revere the critics of society, we eventually become a society of critics, and when that happens, there is no room left for constructive optimism.80. According to the author, critics usually__________.A. ignore minor imperfectionsB. overemphasize flawsC. see both sides of a coinD. pin their hopes onimprovements。
2003年考博英语题
历年考博英语题2003年一、Directions:21. ____ for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving.A. Had it not beenB. Be it notC. Were it notD. Should it not be答案：A. Had it not been22. There have been numerous novel _____ in the curriculum of the university this semester.A. inspirationB. innovationC. intersectionD. irrigation答案：B. innovation23. The teacher said the most important thing is to construct a_____ argument in writing a paper.A. colonialB. closetC. coherentD. cautious答案：C. coherent24. In the early times, people had the_____ that the sun moved round the earth.A. notationB. notionC. junctionD. inflation答案：B. notion25. It’s difficult to break down the ______ which separates different classes.A. badgeB. bandageC. bronzeD. bruise答案：A. badge26. Having no job and no children, the old woman had to live on the _____ allowance.A. miseryB. misfortuneC. militantD. miserly答案：D. miserly27. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds ____his arguments in favor of the new theory.A. which to base onB. to base on whichC. on which to baseD. which to be based on答案：C. on which to base28. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ____a sudden loud noise.A. being thereB. should be thereC. there wasD. there having been答案：B. should be there29. The monument is ____ to the memory of soldier killed in the defence of the countryA. dedicatedB. delegatedC. degeneratedD. degraded答案：A. dedicated30. As long as we maintain independence and keep the ___in our own hands, we may be successful.A. narrativeB. initiativeC. authoritativeD. cumulative答案：B. initiative31. An urgent social challenge in the future will be to ensure that science and technology develop ____ in this direction.A. inclusivelyB. cohesivelyC. exclusivelyD. emperically答案：C. exclusively32. They lose their way in the forest, and ____ made matter worse was that night began to fall.A. thatB. whatC. itD. which答案：B. what33. The success of some of the most important concepts in physics was_____ to these mathematical systems.A. obligedB. distributedC. contributedD. attributed答案：D. attributed34. The western culture has pervaded every aspect of our daily life, and this ____ will change our outlook and way of life.A. by turnsB. at every turnC. in turnD. in return答案：D. in return35. Ocean don’t ____ divide the world____ unite it ; they serve to unite countries rather than to divide them.A. as much…asB. so much…asC. as many…asD. as well…as答案：B. so much…as36. It will be safer to walk on the streets without carrying large amounts of cash; virtually all financial___ will be conducted by computer.A. transmissionsB. transformationsC. transactionsD. transitions答案：C. transactions37. One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships ____ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.A. skillfullyB. safelyC. obedientlyD. currently答案：C. obediently38. The rive is already ___ its banks of excessive rainfall, and the city is threatened with a likely flood.A. flush withB. level inC. flat onD. parallel to答案：A. flush with39. Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable____ to the total cost of the product.A. connectionB. correspondenceC. correlationD. proportion答案：D. proportion40. The survival____ of some wild animals is not very high as they are ruthlessly hunted for their skins.A. rateB. degreeC. ratioD. scale答案：A. rate二、Reading comprehension41. Carnegie was able to develop his vast industrial fortune_____.A. with the act of five enterprise system.B. through large loans from the American government.C. because the American government had special tariffs to protect the American steel and iron industry.D. because he had relatives in the English steel industry.答案：C. because the American government had special tariffs to protect the American steel and iron industry.42. Carnegie followed his ancestors’ footsteps______.A. by developing a large industrial company.B. in caring for and improving benefits for the worker and the poor.C. by furthering Spencer’s Philosophy.D. by being a follower of social Darwinism.答案：B. in caring for and improving benefits for the worker and the poor.43. The industry Carnegie was not concerned with was______.A. the manufacturing steelB. the transporting of the finished product.C. the movement of raw materialsD. the lumber business答案：D. the lumber business44. Carnegie’s trips to England_____.A. were poorly for pleasure and visiting relatives.B. introduced him to charitist ideals which would influence his life.C. helped him gain steel contracts with the British industrialists.D. led him to believe that the industrial future would be with steel.答案：D. led him to believe that the industrial future would be with steel.45. which happened first?A. The foundation of the Carnegie Steel Co.B. the introduction of charitist idealsC. the foundation of the J.Edgar Thomson Steel Mills.D. Andrew Carnegie’s trips to Great Britain.答案：B. the introduction of charitist ideals46. we may conclude from the passage that a painting by an artist who has been influenced by other artists______.A. might be called an example of craft , not art.B. must be considered an imitation ,not an original work.C. might still be considered an original work.D. cannot properly be rated on an “originality scale”答案：C. might still be considered an original work.47. The author specifically mentions his dissatisfaction with the fail of dictionaries to______.A. distinguish clearly between art and craft.B. indicate that originality is a matter of degreeC. recognize that a reproduction may be true artD. mention that a work of art must be original答案：B. indicate that originality is a matter of degree48. The author suggests that an “originality scale” might be used to_____.A. distinguish an original work from a copy.B. determine the artistic greatness of a workC. show that originality is always relativeD. explain the difference between art and craft答案：C. show that originality is always relative49. According to the author, the aim of the artist and the aim of the craftsman are ____.A. quite different from one anotherB. more or less practical in natureC. both basically artisticD. difficult to define答案：D. difficult to define50.which of the following statement would the author be least likely to make in talking about a great painting?A. the painter is more than a good craftsmanB. the painting has considerable artistic significanceC. the painting has a strange, unusual qualityD. the painters owe nothing to other painters答案：D. the painters owe nothing to other painters51. people turn their eyes eagerly to the sea____.A. to look for cheap oilB. with a strong wish to take out more oil out of it bottomC. to enjoy their artificial islandsD. to try to find the best site for storing their oil products答案：B. with a strong wish to take out more oil out of it bottom52. the distinguishing feature of the Selmer method is______.A. that the concrete platform legs are cast at an angleB. that the mold is raised on jacksC. that the jack will be built in the concrete and form part of the leg being castD.that the mold can be constructed at an incline of up to 15 degrees答案：C. that the jack will be built in the concrete and form part of the leg being cast53. in order to increase the stability of a deep sea production platform each of its reinforced concrete legs should be made____.A. inclined outwards at an angle of up to 15degrees with the vertical lineB. inclined outwards at an angle of up to the sea levelC. inclined inwards at an angle of up to 15degrees with the vertical lineD. inclined inwards at an angle of up to the sea level答案：D. inclined inwards at an angle of up to the sea level54. slip casting is a construction technique______.A. which is invented by Ingenior F.Selmer A/S of OsloB. which is otherwise called the Selmer methodC. which is used to solely to produce large-scale tripod-legged platformsD. which is widely used in reinforced concrete work答案：B. which is otherwise called the Selmer method55. the advantage of the Selmer method over other methods in building oil production platform is ______.A. that the construction work can be cheaper and easierB. that the platform can last safely through the severest ocean stormsC. that the platform can operate at a greater depthD. both B and C答案：A. that the construction work can be cheaper and easier56. this article ______.A. describes the origin of a concept which is a part of our hesitage.B. explains the reasons behind the loyalty oathC. opposes the law which requires a witness to tell the truthD. explains why a man should be forced to testify against himself.答案：A. describes the origin of a concept which is a part of our hesitage.57. Lilburne refused to testify at his own trial because he______.A. was unwilling to testify on matter s of which he was accusedB. believe he would be forced to testify about crimes not charged against him.C. was really guiltyD. was innocent of the charge答案：B. believe he would be forced to testify about crimes not charged against him.58. the immunity from testifying against oneself_____A. did not become law until the Bill of Right was writtenB. became law in the nineteenth centuryC. was common in England before the end of seventeenth centuryD. is a universally accepted law答案：C. was common in England before the end of seventeenth century59. as a result of Lilburne’s claim_______A. a man cannot testify in his own defenseB. a man is protected from furnishing evidence against himselfC. a man is considered guilty until he is proven innocentD. the accused cannot be tried twice for the same crime答案：B. a man is protected from furnishing evidence against himself60. which of the following is implied in the passage?A. the oath which one takes to tell the truth was used against the accused with devastating effectB. the Fifth Amendment is a hindrance to law enforcementC. we owe some of our liberties to the courage of unknown men.D. Lilburne was guilty.答案：C. we owe some of our liberties to the courage of unknown men.61. the languages of uncivilized groups as compared to Western languages are limited in ______.A. sound patternsB. vocabulariesC. grammatical structuresD. both B and C答案：B. vocabularies62.The author says that professional linguists recognize that_______.A. western languages are superior to Eastern languagesB. all languages came from grunts and groansC. the hierarchy of languages is difficult to understandD. there is no hierarchy of languages答案：D. there is no hierarchy of languages63. the article states that grunt-and-groan forms of speech are found____.A. nowhere todayB. among the Australian aboriginesC. among Eastern culturesD. among people speaking “backward” languages答案：A. nowhere today64. According to the author, languages, whether civilized or not, have _____.A. the potential for expanding vocabularyB. their own sound patternsC. an ability to transfer idealsD. grammatical structure答案：A. the potential for expanding vocabulary65.which of the following is implied in the passage?A. the study of languages has discredited anthropological studiesB. the study of language has reinforced anthropologists in their view that there is no hierarchy among cultureC. the study of language is the same as the study of anthropologistsD. the study of language casts a new light upon the claim of anthropologists答案：B. the study of language has reinforced anthropologists in their view that there is no hierarchy among culture66. by diverting some or all of the money spent on preparations for war to peaceful purpose, all of the following would occur EXCEPT____A. taxes would be reduceB. education could be improvedC. science could be focused on improving human welfareD. the population explosion could be controlled答案：D. the population explosion could be controlled67. Schools at present time often have to make use of_____A. untrained teachersB. poor buildingsC. lies to promote hatred of possible enemiesD. a tiny fraction of the missiles答案：C. lies to promote hatred of possible enemies68. the problem of undernourishment will become more critical because______.A. there is inadequate shippingB. of the population explosionC. of lack of irrigationD. the American surplus will be used up in the relief of famine答案：B. of the population explosion69. in the first paragraph, “predicament”means_____.A. predictionB. expenditureC. difficultyD. investment答案：C. difficulty70. the adjective that best describes this author is ______A. pessimisticB. pragmaticC. utopianD. radical答案：B. pragmatic71. this piece of writing is ____-.A. preface to a course bookB. a professor’s advice to teachersC. the record of an introductory speechD. from a school announcement答案：A. preface to a course book72. to read this book______.A. previous courses in chemistry are necessaryB. a good mastery of biochemistry is essentialC. one needn’t have studied chemistry beforeD. one must first review his high school courses答案：C. one needn’t have studied chemistry before73. the author feels that previous books for a similar course_____A. are too simpleB. are unbalancedC. are full of mistakesD. are too difficult答案：B. are unbalanced74. in the author’s experience, the students are most interested in______A. inorganic chemistryB. organic chemistryC. biochemistryD. chemistry as a whole答案：C. biochemistry75. paragraph 4 suggests that one thing characteristic of this book is its____A. simplicity in presentationB. vividness of the languageC. thoroughness in the fieldD. adaptation to various needs答案：D. adaptation to various needs三、translation1. I give my boss a printout of the data I have entered so that he can check for errors。
Tnxnqa医学博士英语2003考博英语试题(2021年整理精品文档)
Tnxnqa医学博士英语2003考博英语试题编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（Tnxnqa医学博士英语2003考博英语试题）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为Tnxnqa医学博士英语2003考博英语试题的全部内容。
Time will pierce the surface or youth, will be on the beauty of the ditch dug a shallow groove ; Jane will eat rare!A born beauty，anything to escape his sickle sweep.-— Shakespeare 2003part II31.Sometimes you can get quite _____ when you are trying to communicate with someonein English。
A。
frustrated失败的，落空的 B.depressed 沮丧的, 降低的 C.approved被认可的 D。
distracted 心烦意乱的32.The company has ____ itself to a policy of equal opportunity for all.A。
promisedB。
committed commit oneself to委身于，专心致志于C.attributed attribute sth。
to认为某事物是..。
的属性；把某事物归功于; 认为某事物是(某人）创造的D.converted33.I haven’t met anyone ____ the new tax plan。
2009年华东师范大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2009年华东师范大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English Translation 6. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Mr. Smith is supposed______for Italy last week.A．to have leftB．having leftC．to leaveD．to be leaving正确答案：A解析：句子大意为：史密斯先生上周就——动身去意大利了。
本题考查常用动词suppose的用法。
sb．be supposed to do sth．相当于sb．should do sth．，意为“某人应该做某事”；sb．be supposed to have done sth．相当于sb．should have done sth．，意为“某人本应该做某事”。
由于本题涉及过去的时间，故须使用完成时态，表示虚拟语气。
所以，正确答案是A。
2．With an initial investment of only ten thousand dollars, both partners have increased their money______.A．by two thousand moreB．by two thousandC．for two thousand moreD．for two thousand正确答案：B解析：句子大意为：由于初始投资只有一万美元，双方各自又——了两千美元。
本题考查常用动词的搭配用法。
动词increase常和介词by搭配，表示具体增加的量。
副词more在本题中属于累赘。
所以，正确答案是B。
3．A______from every person, no matter how small, will help the Red Cross reach its goal of $100,000.A．contractB．concentrationC．contributionD．construction正确答案：C解析：句子大意为：不论多么微小的个人——都有助于红十字会实现其十万美元的募捐目标。
华东师大历年考博英语真题
2017年华东师范大学攻读博士学位研究生英语题型注：1、试题词汇涵盖六级或以上程度的词汇，但以六级词汇为主。
结构部分包括动词非谓语形式、虚拟语气、倒装语序、强调句式和复合句中的连接词，另有一些特殊句型。
2、阅读理解部分有5篇文章，内容涵盖科技、教育、经济、金融、哲学、生活以及社会热点。
每篇文章后有5道选择题，主要考查对文章主题的理解、对细节的判断推理、对作者观点和态度的识别等。
3、英汉互译为各种题材的段落翻译。
4、作文要求考生语法规范、措辞精当、语句流畅。
5、试卷一所选答案须用2B铅笔涂在答题卡上，试卷二试题的答案须用钢笔或原珠笔做在相应的答题纸上。
6、考试时间为180分钟。
华东师范大学2014年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：英语共12页时间：180分钟Paper One(注意：答案请做在答题卡上，做在试题上一律无效)Part I Vocabulary and Structure (15%)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through thecenter.1. Teaching students of threshold level is hard work but the effort is very ________.A. preciousB. rewardingC. worthD. challenging2. The explorer lost his way so he climbed to the top of the hill to ________ himself.A. spotB. locateC. placeD. situate3. The city has decided to ________ smoking.A. do away withB. take awayC. get away withD. put away4. The old building is in a good state of ________ except for the wooden floors.A. observationB. preservationC. conservationD. compensation5.____me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.A. That amazedB. It amazedC. Which amazedD. What amazed6. Recycling wastes slows down the rate ________ which we use up the Earth’s finite resources.A. inB. ofC. withD. at7. Gasoline is ________ by the spark plugs in the engine.A. ignitedB. inspiredC. excitedD. illuminated8. The travelers ________ their journey after a short break.A. recoveredB. resumedC. renewedD. restored9. Cultural ________ indicates that human beings hand their languages down from one generation to another.A. translationB. transitionC. transmissionD. transaction10. We must look beyond ________ and assumptions and try to discover what is missing.A. justificationsB. illusionsC. manifestationsD. specifications11. No one imagined that the apparently ________ businessman was really a criminal.A. respectiveB. respectableC. respectfulD. realistic12. Hurricanes are killer winds, and their ________ power lies in the physical damage they can do.A. cumulativeB. destructiveC. turbulentD. prevalent13. In some countries, students are expected to be quiet and ________ in the classroom.A. skepticalB. faithfulC. obedientD. subsidiary14. After four years in the same job his enthusiasm finally ______.A. deterioratedB. dispersedC. dissipatedD. drained15. For years now, the people of that faraway country have been cruelly ______ by a dictator.A. depressedB. immersedC. oppressedD. cursed16. Ever since the rise of industrialism, education has been ______ towards producing workers.A. harnessedB. hatchedC. motivatedD. geared17. The prospect of increased prices has already ______ worries.A. provokedB. irritatedC. inspiredD. hoisted18. You should have put the milk in the ice box; I expect it ________ undrinkable by now.A. becameB. had becomeC. has becomeD. becomes19. Codes are a way of writing something in secret; ________, anyone who doesn't know the codewill not be able to read it.A. that isB. worse stillC. in shortD. on the other hand20. Our house is about a mile from the station and there are not many houses ________.A. in betweenB. among themC. far apartD. from each other21. Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially ________ containing as manydifferent subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.A. oneB. the oneC. thatD. such22. You can't be ________ careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case.A. veryB. quiteC. tooD. so23. The ratio of the work done by the machine ________ the work done on it is called theefficiency of the machine.A. againstB. withC. toD. for24. ________ the flood, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A. In case ofB. In spite ofC. Because ofD. But for25. I ________ to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards.A. ought to have writtenB. must have writtenC. couldn't have writtenD. needn't have written26. No longer are contributions to computer technology confined to any one country; ________ isthis more true than in Europe.A. hardlyB. littleC. seldomD. nowhere27. ____in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for the wedding gown.A. Unpopular has as white beenB. White has been as unpopularC. Unpopular has been as whiteD. Unpopular as white has been28. ____for a long time, the fields are all dried up.A. There has been no rainB. Having no rainC. There having been no rainD. There being no rain29. Joseph’s car has a flat tire. now is to walk to the nearest telephone.A. That he can doB. All what he can doC. All that he can doD. He can do something30. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment____.A. which they are happeningB. they are happeningC. which they happenD. they have happenedPart Ⅱ Cloze (20%)Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of suitable word(s) marked A, B, C and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter ofthe word(s) you have chosen with a single bar across the bracket on Answer SheetⅠ.Why does a company want to 31 its money with other people? There are several reasons. First, the company may 32 very well. It may need money to 33 . By selling shares of 34 , the company can get the money it needs. Sometimes, it is 35 for the company to go public for tax reasons. Because of the tax 36 , the company may save money on taxes by selling shares on the stock exchange. Sometimes, a company may owe a lot of money 37 banks. By selling shares of stock, it may be able to pay the banks. Many companies sell stock for this reason. However, the reasons why companies sell their stocks on the stock exchange are often 38 . In general, all companies 39 sell shares of stock on the stock exchange need to 40 money for one reason or another.Investors 41 buy shares of stock in a company may make money in two ways. They may begin to make money 42 . Suppose that a person invests in a company, and the company makes money. The company shares this money with the 43 . This money that is shared is called a 44 . Dividends are usually sent to investors once every three months while they 45 the stock. A second way that investors may 46 is to sell the stock at a higher price than they 47 when they bought it. The 48 of each share of stock goes up if the company does well. It may also 49 for many other reasons. But when it does go up, a person may sell it and make a 50 .31. A. distract B. permeate C. share D. recede32. A. have done B. be doing C. do D. have been doing33. A. perplex B. dominate C. integrate D. expand34. A. stake B. stock C. stalk D. stack35. A. potential B. advantageous C. sensitive D. actual36. A. utilities B. contributions C. earnings D. laws37. A. to B. for C. on D. from38. A. complex B. essential C. comprehensive D. understandable39. A. what B. that C. which D. while40. A. locate B. admit C. proclaim D. raise41. A. who B. which C. until D. if42. A. by mistake B. to date C. on earth D. right away43. A. observer B. director C. investor D. instructor44. A. tuition B. postage C. tip D. dividend45. A. offer B. own C. convince D. equip46. A. sell money B. share money C. take money D. make money47. A. confronted B. extracted C. spilled D. paid48. A. price B. investment C. cost D. value49. A. tighten up B. stock up C. go up D. stir up50. A. profit B. benefit C. award D. inputPart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (25%)Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on Answer SheetⅠwitha single line through the center.(1)Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one’s side, or that in Italy and som e Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell.Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that “Gift” means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm’s length away from others. Latinos and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable.Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them.When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. Then attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives—usually the richer—who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation’s diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters.For many years, American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.51. It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners wouldmost probably ________.A. stand stillB. jump asideC. step forwardD. draw back52. The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their ________.A. cultural self-centerednessB. casual mannersC. indifference towards foreign visitorsD. arrogance towards other cultures53. In countries other than their own most Americans ________.A. are isolated by the local peopleB. are not well informed due to the language barrierC. tend to get along well with the nativesD. need interpreters in hotels and restaurants54. According to the author, Americans’ cultural bl indness and linguistic ignorance will ________.A. affect their image in the new eraB. cut themselves off from the outside worldC. limit their role in world affairsD. weaken the position of the US dollar55. The author’s intention in writi ng this article is to make Americans realize that ________.A. it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friendsB. it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairsC. it is necessary to use several languages in public placesD. it is time to get acquainted with other cultures(2)Your friends might be in Australia or maybe just down the road, but they are all just a few clicks away. Life has changed for millions of teenagers across the world who now make friends online. Whether you use chat rooms, QQ, MSN or ICQ, you are part of a virtual community.“I rarely talk with my parents or grandparents, but I talk a lot with my old friends on QQ,” said Fox’s Shadow, the online nickname used by a Senior 2 girl in China. “Eighty percent of my classmates use QQ after school.”QQ is the biggest messaging service in China. A record shows 4 million people used it one Saturday night in October, according to Tencent, the company which developed QQ.And Fox's Shadow might well have been one of them. “I log in on Friday nights, and Saturdays or Sundays when I feel bored. I usually spend about 10 hours chatting online every week,” she said. “But I rarely talk with strangers, especially boys or men.”Even though she likes chatting, she is careful about making friends with strangers online. “You don’t know who you’re talking to. You should always be careful about who you trust online.”Many people would like to meet offline when they feel they have got to know someone very well. Fox’s Shadow once met one of her online friends face to face. It was a girl who was a comic fan like herself and they went to a comic show together.However, not all teenagers have been so fortunate. At the beginning of this year, a 17-year-old girl in Liaoning Province was raped after meeting a friend she had found on QQ. The criminal wasn’t caught until last month.A 16-year-old Beijing boy, known online as Bart Simon, dislikes QQ users. “I used to chat on QQ, but I found that most people were talking nonsense,”he said. Now he chats online in English, using MSN. “I only chat online because I’ve got friends in Japan, the US and Singapore,”he said.“I want to learn more about foreign cultures.” But he spends little time chatting as he sees it a waste of time and money.“If you are really addicted to it, sometimes you just can’t concentrate in class,” he said. “And the friends in your real life are always more important than those so-called friends you meet online.56. This passage centers on .A. teenagers making friends onlineB. the advantages of the InternetC. the functions of chat rooms, QQ, MSN, or ICQD. the internet changing your life57. Which of the following is true about Fox’s Shadow?A. She often talks with her relatives on QQ.B. She has a strong sense of self-protection.C. She is a senior at college.D. She logs in every night.58. What can be inferred from the passage?A. People, both old and young, like to get online.B. Girls prefer QQ better than boys.C. There is no danger for male QQ users, even if they meet each other.D. QQ users like to talk face to face after sometime of intercourse online.59. What is Not the Beijing boy’s opinion of chatting online?A. He can’t practice oral English if he uses QQ.B. Chatting online with Chinese friends is a waste of time and money.C. Most topics for conversation on QQ are meaningless.D. He can learn foreign cultures through MSN.60. This passage may be a .A. a lectureB. an essayC. a reportD. an editorial(3)What most people don’t realize is that wealth isn’t the same as income. If you make $ 1 million a year and spend $ 1 million, you’re not getting wealthier, you’re just living high. Wealth is what you accumulate, not what you spend.The most successful accumulators of wealth spend far less than they can afford on houses, cars, vacations and entertainment. Why? Because these things offer little or no return. The wealthy would rather put their money into investments or their businesses. It’s an attitude.Millionaires understand that when you buy a luxury house, you buy a luxury life style too. Your property taxes skyrocket, along with the cost of utilities and insurance, and the prices of nearby services, such as grocery stores, tend to be higher.The rich man’s attitude can also be seen in his car. Many drive old unpretentious sedans. Sam Walton, billionaire founder of the Wal-Mart Store, Inc., drove a pickup truck.Most millionaires measure success by net worth, not income. Instead of taking their money home, they plow as much as they can into their businesses, stock portfolios and other assets. Why? Because the government doesn’t tax wealth; it taxes income you bring home for consumption, the more the government taxes.The person who piles up net worth fastest tends to put every dollar he can into investments, not consumption. All the while, of course, he’s reinvesting his earnings from investments and watching his net worth soar. That’s the attitude as well.The best wealth-builders pay careful attention to their money and seek professional advice. Those who spend heavily on cars, boats and buses, I’ve found, tend to skimp on investment advice. Those who skimp on the luxuries are usually more willing to pay top dollar for good legal and financial advice.The self-made rich develop clear goals for their money. They may wish to retire early, or they may want to leave an estate to their children. The goals vary, but two things are consistent: they have a dollar figure in mind--the amount they want to save by age 50, perhaps -- and they work unceasingly toward that goal.One thing may surprise you. If you make wealth--not just income--your goal, the luxury house you’ve been dreaming about won’t seem so alluring. You’ll have the attitude.61. Which of the following statements is true?A. Wealth is judged according to the life style one has.B. Inheritance builds an important part in one’s wealth.C. High income may make one live high and get rich t the same time.D. Wealth is more of what one has made than anything else.62. By the author’s opinion, those who spend money on luxury houses and cars_____.A. will not be taxed by the governmentB. have accumulated wealth in another senseC. live high and have little savedD. can show that they are among the rich63. The rich put their money into business because_____.A. they can get much in return to build their wealthB. they are not interested in luxury houses and carsC. their goal is to develop their companyD. that is the only way to spend money yet not to be taxed by the government64. The U.S. government doesn’t tax what you spend money on _____.A. carsB. housesC. stockD. boats65. To become wealthy, one should______.A. seek as much income as he canB. work hard unceasinglyC. stick to the way he livesD. save up his earnings(4)Seeking a competitive advantage, some professional service firms (for example, firms providing advertising, accounting, or health care services) have considered offering unconditional guarantees of satisfaction. Such guarantees specify what clients can expect and what the firm will do if it fails to fulfill these expectations. Particularly with first-time clients, an unconditional guarantee can be an effective marketing tool if the client is very cautious, the firm’s fees are high, the negative consequences of bad service are grave, or business is difficult to obtain through referrals and word-of-mouth.However, an unconditional guarantee can sometimes hinder marketing efforts. With its implication that failure is possible, the guarantee may, paradoxically, cause clients to doubt the service firm’s ability to deliver th e promised level of service. It may confl ict with a firm’s desire to appear sophisticated, or may even suggest that it is begging for business. In legal and health careservices, it may mislead clients by suggesting that law suits or medical procedures will have guaranteed outcomes. Indeed, professional service firms with outstanding reputations and performance to match have little to gain from offering unconditional guarantees. And any firm that implements an unconditional guarantee without undertaking a corresponding commitment to quality of service is merely employing a potentially costly marketing gimmick.66. The primary purpose of this passage as a whole is to .A. account for the popularity of a practiceB. evaluate the usefulness of a practiceC. demonstrate how to institute a practiceD. explain the reasons for pursuing a strategy67. Which of the following statements concerning unconditional guarantees is Not mentioned inthe passage?A. They are helpful when firms want to retain their long-standing clients.B. They are effective when firms want to get business through client recommendations.C. They are useful when firms charge substantial fees for its services.D. They are feasible when firms suffer from significant adverse effects of poor service.68. Which of the following is a goal of some professional service firms in offering unconditionalguarantees of satisfaction?A. To limit their liability.B. To compete successfully with their rivals.C. To justify their fee increases.D. To attain an outstanding reputation in a field.69. An unconditional guarantee may create an impression on the client that the firm .A. tends to be suspicious of the client’s financial statusB. does not want to beg for businessC. may have some problems with its managementD. is not sophisticated enough to be able to provide good service70. Which of the following is true, according to the passage’s description of the issue raised byunconditional guarantees for health care or legal services？A. The standards of practice of the legal and medical professions could be violated by attemptsto fulfill such unconditional guarantees.B. The result of a lawsuit or medical procedure can hardly be predicted by the professionalshandling a client’s case.C. The dignity of the legal and medical professions could be undermined by any attempts atmarketing professional services, such as offering unconditional guarantees.D. Clients whose lawsuits or medical procedures have unsatisfactory outcomes cannot beadequately compensated by financial settlements alone.(5)Recent studies on the male-female wage gap predict that even though entry-level salaries for males and females in the same occupation are nearly equal because women’s market skills have improved vastly, the chances of the overall gap closing in the foreseeable future are minimal. This is due to several factors that are likely to change very slowly, if at all. An important reason is thatwomen are concentrated in occupation —service and clerical —that pay less than traditional male jobs. It is possible that more women than men in their twenties are hesitant to commit themselves to a year-round lifetime career or job for many reasons. There is lingering attitude on both the part of women and their employers that women are not cut out for certain jobs. Not only does this attitude channel women into lower-paying work，but it also serves to keep them from top management positions.Another significant factor in the widening wage gap between men and women after entering the work force, even in comparable jobs, is that women often drop out at critical points in their careers to have a family. Women still have the primary responsibility for child rearing; even if they continue to work, they often forgo overtime and promotions that would conflict with home responsibilities. The ages of 25 to 35 have been shown repeatedly to be the period when working consistently and hard is vital to advancement and job security. These are precisely the years when women are likely to have children and begin to slide away from men in earning power. Consequently, a woman’s income is more likely to be s een as secondary to her husband’s.71. According to recent studies on the male-female wage gap, ____ .A. there is much hope of narrowing the male-female wage gap in the near futureB. working women will have many opportunities to hold high-paying jobs in the near futureC. women’s pay will still stay at a level below that of men in the near futureD. salaries for males and females in the same occupation will be equal in the near future72. Women are kept from top management positions partly because they .A. decide to devote themselves to certain lifetime jobs in their twentiesB. are inclined to rank family second to workC. tend to have more quarrels with their employersD. still take an incorrect attitude towards themselves73. Which of the following is implied in the passage as a partial reason for women’s concentrationin certain occupations？A. Social division of labor.B. Social prejudice against them.C. Employment laws.D. Physiological weakness.74. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that .A. men’s jobs are subject to changeB. women tend to be employed off and on at the same jobC. men’s chances of promotion are minimalD. women used to be employed all the year round75. Which of the following statements is NOT true？A. Women’s market skills have improved greatly.B. Child care is still chiefly women’s work.C. Women are typically employed in clerical and service jobs.D. Domestic duties no longer conflict with women’s jobs.Paper Two（注意：以下各题的答案必须写在Answer Sheet Ⅱ上）Part Ⅳ Translation (25%)Section A (10%)Directions: Put the following into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.Faith and science have at least one thing in common: both are lifelong searches for truth. But while faith is an unshakable belief in the unseen, science is the study of testable, observable phenomena. The two coexist, and may at times complement each other. But neither should be asked to validate or invalidate the other. Scientists have no more business questioning the existence of God than the theologians had telling Galileo the Earth was at the center of the universe.Science is in a perpetual state of becoming. Yesterday’s observations give rise to today’s theories, which will be tested through painstaking research. Just as any good scientist must be ready to abandon a bad idea, he or she must continue to support the results of unbiased evidence and experimentation.Section B (15%)Directions: Put the following into English. Write your English version on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.1995年，第四次世界妇女大会在北京召开，这使得中国妇女的状况备受世界关注。
华东师范大学2003年博士生入学考试英语试卷及答案
华东师范⼤学2003年博⼠⽣⼊学考试英语试卷及答案华东师范⼤学2003年招收博⼠学位研究⽣⼊学考试英语试卷Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension 15% (20 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear ten short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A. From the policemen. C. In the town.B. In the car. D. At the police station.2. A. Doctor. C. Receptionist.B. Secretary. D. Patient.3. A. Mr. Bixy's secretary. C. A typist.B. Mr. Bixby's friend. D. Mr. Bixby's client.4. A. Ron. C. Lucy.B. Ron's friend. D. Lucy's husband.5. A. Visiting as many places as he can. C. Visiting his friends here.B. Visiting a variety of museums. D. Visiting the art museums.6. A. The first speaker's is going to spend the weekend there and then visit some friends.B. The first speaker is going to visit some friends there.C. The first speaker is going to attend a conference there.D. The first speaker is going to see a doctor there.7. A. Making some money.B. This spring.C. Thinking.D. Putting on a show.8. A. By subway. C. By bus.B. By taxi. D. On foot.9. A. 39 B. 27 C.54 D. 9310. A. The second speaker had a very serious accident.B. The first speaker is feeling well.C. The first speaker doesn't know what happened to the second speaker.D. The first speaker thought that the accident was not serious.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage 1Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A. Why people need to sleep. C. Two purposes of sleep.B. Two kinds of sleep. D. Why and how people sleep.12. A. Active sleep. C. Physical sleep.B. Passive sleep. D. Emotional sleep.13. A. Only when people sleep well, will they feel rested.B. Dreaming occurs in active sleep and helps restore our energy.C. All people dream for one and a half hours during eight hours of sleep.D. Dreaming won't occur until the passive sleep period is over.Passage 2Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A. Chinese readers. C. The Romans.B. German readers. D. Non-Chinese.15. A. The first of January. C. The middle of winter.B. The middle of November. D. The beginning of the harvest season16.A. It means a period of rest from workB. It brings us a good life.C. It symbolizes a new life with new hope.D. It embodies a happy occasion.17. A. The celebration of the New Y ear.B. The difference between the western New Y ear and Chinese New Y ear.C. The origin of the New Y ear festival.D. The significance of the New Y ear festival.Passage 3Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A. When she was a graduate. C. When she entered a university.B. At the age of sixteen. D. Before she entered a university.19. A. Because she wanted to make friends with the staff.B. Because she wanted to earn extra money for the summer vacation.C. Because she wanted to get some experience in a hotel.D. Not mentioned.20. The head waiter had a sense of humorB. The woman didn't care much about her appearance.C. The woman was easy-going and carefree.D. The hotel was not far from where they lived.Part II Vocabulary (10%) (10 minutes)Directions: Below each sentence, there are four words marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentenceor that best completes the sentence. Write the corresponding letter onyour Answer Sheet.21. Smith's position in this agency provides him with authority to award contracts and to __ obligations for payment of bills as well.A. incure C. resumeB. support D. incite22. For all her rich experience in practicing law, the lawyor failed to pry much information out of the witness.A. sophisticated C. obstinateB. sober D. gloomy23. Shanghai Orient Men Basketball Team attributed its National League Basketball Tournament in 2002 to a number of factors.A. losing...ominous C. winning...advantageousB. embarrassing...optimistic D. winning...adventurous24. A(n) of employment opportunities prospective employees entering the job market.A. excess...impedes C lack…inspiresB. surfeit...hinder D. dearth...discourages25. Anyone who believes that war is stupid and unnecessary thinks that to lose one's life on the battlefield is .A. glorious C. heroicB. futitle D. courageous26. Unruly people may well become if they are delt with by the people around them.A. composed...respect C. angry...benevolenceB. clam...irritation D. dangerous...favoured27. I was absolutely when I received a C on the exam in mathematics, for I was positive that I could have got an A.A. elated C. incitedB. frustrated D. contented28. In this youthhood, Jack was withdrawn, preferring the company of books to that of people; consequently, in his adulthood Jack was socially .A. successful C tranquil29. Scientists believe that a conclusion which is drawn readily before all of the relevant data are collected, analyzed and contemplated is called .A. insincere C. prematureB. premise D. presumption30. The advancement of science and technology has demonstrated that a fact appearing to contradict to certain theory may actually be a more advanced formulation of that theory.A. consistent with C. eliminated byB. in opposition to D. incompatible with31. Nancy is an advocate of consumer rights and has spent a great part of her professional career attempting to __ the deceitful claims of business companies.A. show onB. show outC. show offD. show up32. The lover of democracy has an towards totalitarianism.A. empathy C. sympathyB. antipalthy D. symphony33. As he has faith in Mary's integrity, Mr. Lee offers to with the president on her behalf concerning the "cheating" matter.A. interrupt C. interjectB. interfere D. intervene34. Jenny's wealth of practical experience and psychological acuity (sharpness) more than her lack of formal academic training.A. compensate for C. speak volumes forB. account for D. make for35. Applied science is discovering ways to use the knowledge of theoretical science.A. concerned about C. concerned forB. combined with D. concerned with36. The former president is to verify at a human rights court heating cases of atrocities.A. testify C. provide37. As is known to all, the rail service now operates without a sum of money granted by the government for assistance.A. bonus C. yieldB. pension D. subsidy38. In the Anti-Japanese War, flexibility and mobility were the features of the Chinese Eighth Route Army and Communist guerrillas.A. characters C. contributesB. attributes D. properties39. As a yieldance to the public outcry, the government reduced the tax on income.A. recession C. concessionB. permission D. possession40. In the dim light, I managed to discern the shadowy figure of a big dog among the trees.A. make off C. make outB. make up D. make overIII. Structure (5%) (10 minutes)Directions: There are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D beneath each sentence. You are to choose the one which can best complete the sentenceif inserted at the blank space. Write the corresponding letter on yourAnswer Sheet.41. If this evil man remained unpunished, our social moral standard .A. will undermine' C. would be underminedB. would undermine D. will be undermined42. Mary' s eyes are red now, she must on hearing the sad news.A. cry C. be cryingB. have been crying D. have cried43. She brought her rage under control, her smiling face her real feeling.A. disguised C. disguiseB. disguising D. to disguise44. The mechanic couldn't operate the machine his efforts.A. for all C. but forB. owing to D. according to45. Eating more nutritious food than is needed doesn't make it function better, overfilling the tank makes a car move faster.A. not more than C. less thanB. no more than D. any more than46. David was so careful on the test that his paper was .A. with some errors C. full of errorsB. free from errors D. not having some errors47. The TV star accompanied by many fans deliver a speech in no time.A. are to C. is toB. are being to D. is being to48. The manager thinks it desirable that some adjustments without delay.A. are made C. be madeB. made D. will be made49. I met with something difficult to deal with and intended to turn to my teachers for help yesterday. I rushed into the officeonly to find not a single teacher there.A. I could consult C. I could consult withB. could I consult on D. could I consult50. revealed the secret?A. Who was it that C. Who was it whoB. It was who that D. It was whom thatIV. Error Identification (5%) (10 minutes)Directions:There are four underlined words or parts marked A, B, C and D in each of the following sentences. Choose the one that you think incorrect, andwrite the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.51. Many motions submitted at the first session of the 10th National People's Congress called forABguarantees of the rights of laid -off workers, migrant labourers except for safeguardsfor theCDnational economy and social security system.52. To meet increasing demand, Shanghai has embarked upon the huge ShanghaiA BHarbour International Passenger Terminal Centre, locating on the City's HuanpuCRiver, at a cost of 3.2 billion yuan.D53. This scenic capital began construction of a massive project comprises a waterA B Cpipeline network and two water processing plants.D54. The training of performers, directors, and designers have been the purpose ofA B CAmerican National Theatre and Academy for over 50 years.D55. The infectious disease was broken out in Hainan that summer and hundreds ofA Bpeople were dead, many children included.C D56. I intended to have her accompany me to the concert yesterday evening, but sheA Brejected my request.C D57. All these dictionaries which have been donated by a publishing house are to beA B C Dused by the students here.58. Were it not for his illness last week, he would have been quite enthusiastic aboutA B Cthe plan and done something for it.D59. So far as the influence of computerization is concerned, nowhere we can see theA Bresults more clearly than in the US, which really have amazed us.C D60. Come in and have a look at the person seated by the window. He is no more a manA B Cthan the one you are looking for.DV. Reading (25%) (60 minutes)Directions: Read the fotlowing five passages carefully, choose the best answer to each question from the four choices given, and then write thecorresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Passage 1Birds sometimes exhibit benevolent feelings; they will feed the deserted young ones even of distinct species, but this perhaps ought to be considered as a mistaken instinct. They will feed, as shown in an earlier part of this work, adult birds of their own species which have become blind. Mr. Buxton gives a curious account of a parrot which took care of a frost-bitten and crippled bird of a distinct species, cleansed her feathers and defended her from the attacks of the other parrots which roamed freely about his garden. It is a still more curious fact that these birds apparently evince some sympathy for the pleasures of their fellows. When a pair of cockatoos made a nest in an acacia tree "it was ridiculous to see the extravagant interest taken in the matter by the others of the same species." These parrots also evinced unbounded curiosity and clearly had "the idea of property and possession." They have good memories, for in the Zoological Gardens they have plainly recognized their former masters after an interval of some months.Birds possess acute powers of observation. Every mated bird, of course, recognizes its fellow. Audubon states that a certain number of mating thrushes (Mimus polyglottus) remain all the year round in Louisiana, while others migrate to the Eastern States; these latter on their return are instantly recognized and always attacked by their southern brethren. Birds under confinement distinguish different persons, as is proved by the strong and permanent antipath or affection which they show without any apparent cause toward certain individuals. I have heard ofnumerous instances with jays, partridges, canaries, and especially bullfinches. Mr. Husscy has described in how extraordinary a manner a tamed partidge recognized everybody; and its likes and dislikes were very strong This bird seemed "fond of gay colors, and no new gown or cap could be put on without catching his attention." Mr. Hcwitt has described the habits of some ducks (recenfiy descended from wild birds) which at the approach of a strange dog or cat would rush headlong into the water and exhaust themselves in their attempts to escape; but they knew Mr. Hewitt's own dogs and catsso well that they would lie down and bask in the sun close to them. They always moved away from a strange man, and so they would from the lady who attended them if she made any great change in her dress. Audubon relates that he reared and tamed a wild turkey which always ran away from any strange dog; this bird escaped into the woods, and some days afterward Audubon saw, as he tho ught, a wild turkey and made his dog chase it; but to his astonishment the bird did not nm away, and the dog when he came up did not attack the bird, for they mutually recognized each other as old friends.Mr. Jenner Weir is convinced that birds pay particular attention to the colors of other birds, sometimes out of jealousy and sometimes as a sign of kinship. Thus he turned a reed-bunting (Emberiza sehoeniculus), which had acquired its black headdress, into his aviary, and the newcomer was not noticed by any bird except by a bullfinch, which is likewise black-headed_ This bullfinch was a very quiet bird, and had never before quarreled with any of its comrades, including another reed-bunting, which had not as yet become black-headed; but the reed-bunting with a black head was so unmercifully treated that it had to be removed.61. Why does Darwin cite Mr. Buxton?A. To support his theory about birds' powers of observation.B. To support his statement about birds' benevolence.C. To contrast with his own observations of birds,D. Both A and B.62. Why does Darwin mention jays, partridges, canaries, and bullfinches?A. To explain why some birds cannot be trained.B. To educate his reader on types of local birds.C. To contrast with a later discussion of shore birds.D. To support his discussion of birds' memories.63. What does Darwin mean by "a sign of kinship"A. Mark of common parentage.B. Premonition of future union.C. Symbol of compatibility.D. Evidence of family relationship.64. A good title for paragraph 3 might beA. "Different-Colored Birds"B. "Bullfinches and Their Colors"C. "An Example of Color Recognitiion in Birds"D. "Captive Birds"65. The main purpose of this passage is toA. compare three species of birdsB. review current studies of birdsC. compare wild birds to confined birdsD. discuss some traits of birdsPassage 2At the end of what seemed a tedious while, I had managed to pack my head full of islands, towns, bars, "points," and bends; and a curiously inanimate mass of lamber it was, too. However, inasmuch as I could shut my eyes and reel off a good long string of these names without leaving out more than ten miles of river in every filly, I began to feel that I could make her skipthose little gaps. But of course my complacency could hardly get start enough to lift my nose a trifle into the air, before Mr. Bixby would think of something to fetch it down again. One day he turned on me suddenly with this settler:"What is the shape of Walnut Bend?"He might as well have asked me my grandmother's opinion of protoplasm( 原⽣质)。
华东师范大学考博英语-试卷1.doc
华东师范大学考博英语-试卷1(总分：148.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.Research shows heavy coffee drinking is ______ a small increase in blood pressure, but not enough to increase the risk for high blood pressure.（分数：2.00）A.associated withpared withC.attributed toD.referred to2.A large______of the sunlight never reaches the earth while infra-red heat given off by the earth is allowed to escape freely.（分数：2.00）A.proportionB.ratioC.rateD.fraction3.It is amusing that she______her father's bad temper as well as her mother's good looks.（分数：2.00）A.retainedB.inheritedC.preservedD.maintained4.______the few who have failed in their examination, all the other students in the hall are in very high spirits.（分数：2.00）A.In spite thatB.But forC.For the sake ofD.Apart from5.The decline in moral standards, which has long concerned social analysts, has at last______the attention of average Americans.（分数：2.00）A.clarifiedB.cultivatedC.capturedD.characterized6.That he brought the company big profits wouldn't______putting the company's money into his own pockets.（分数：2.00）A.justifyB.clarifyC.testifyD.amplify7.We're______50 new staff this year as business grows.（分数：2.00）A.taking overB.taking inC.taking onD.taking up8.Is the theory of evolution in direct ______with religious teachings, or does it leave room for debate?（分数：2.00）parisonB.distinctionC.disturbanceD.contradiction9.Libraries are an investment for the future and should not be allowed to fall into______.（分数：2.00）A.dissolutionB.decayC.declineD.depression10.A transplant operation is successful only if doctors can prevent the body from rejecting the ______organ.（分数：2.00）A.borrowedB.strangeC.novelD.foreign11.Then in June 1967 the country______diplomatic relations with Israel after the outbreak of the Six Day War.（分数：2.00）A.broke awayB.broke offC.cut outD.cut down12.Everyone has faced the embarrassing______of deciding how much extra to give a waiter or taxi-driver.（分数：2.00）A.incidentB.eventC.dilemmaD.menace13.The school arranged road trip appears to______the spring break.（分数：2.00）A.conform toB.coincide withC.consist inD.collide with14.The new airport terminal is sure to______the development of tourism.（分数：2.00）A.imitateB.fascinateC.imposeD.facilitate15.The Huntington Library has an______collection of rare books and manuscripts of British and American history and literature.（分数：2.00）A.intensiveB.intentionalC.extensiveD.extensional16.Inflation will reach its highest in a decade across most of Asia this year, threatening to______ recent productivity gains.（分数：2.00）A.reverseB.reserveC.retrieveD.revise17.Those governments will provide big food and fuel______according to the Asian Development Bank.（分数：2.00）A.substitutesB.substancesC.subsequencesD.subsidies18.In mild winters apple buds began to break soon after Christmas, leaving them______to frost damage.（分数：2.00）A.reluctantB.toughC.hostileD.vulnerable19.What is happening is a survival-of-the-fittest struggle affecting ______ smaller factories in relatively low-tech, labor-intensive industries.（分数：2.00）A.primarilyB.rationallyC.primitivelyD.respectively20.A traditional critic has the advantage of being able to______standards and values inherited from the past.（分数：2.00）A.turn upB.turn overC.turn toD.turn in21.Susan never took any cookery courses; she learned cooking by ______ useful tips from TV cookery programs.（分数：2.00）A.bringing upB.picking upC.putting upD.pulling up22.The President______his deputy to act for him while he was abroad.（分数：2.00）A.promotedB.substitutedC.displacedD.authorized23.It______without saying that consumers would be happier if prices were lower.（分数：2.00）A.takesB.appearsC.goesD.makes24.The world economic recession put an______end to the steel market upturn that began in 2002.（分数：2.00）A.irregularB.illegalC.absurdD.abrupt25.I'm______about how you discovered my website, and I'm very glad if you enjoy it.（分数：2.00）A.mysteriousB.furiousC.curiousD.serious26.The Labor Party's electoral strategy, based on an______with other smaller parties, has proved successful.（分数：2.00）A.acquaintanceB.integrationC.intimacyD.alliance27.The new aircraft will be______to a test of temperatures of -65℃ and 120℃.（分数：2.00）A.suspendedB.suppressedC.subjectedD.summoned28.The money I got from teaching on the side was a useful______to my ordinary income.（分数：2.00）A.supplementB.profitC.subsidyD.replacement29.Chinese people are now enjoying better dental heath, as shown by the declining______ of tooth decay.（分数：2.00）A.incidenceB.treatmentC.consequenceD.misfortune30.Many countries have conservation programs to prevent certain ______ of fish from becoming extinct.（分数：2.00）A.sourcesB.speciesC.numbersD.members二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Given the advantage of electronic money, you might think that we should move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically【C1】______, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been【C2】______for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very【C3】______of money itself," only to【C4】______itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so【C5】______in coming? Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work【C6】______the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very【C7】______to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the【C8】______form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they【C9】______receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to【C10】______. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" — it takes several days【C11】______a check is cashed and funds are【C12】______from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime.【C13】______electronic payments are immediate; they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment may【C14】______security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information【C15】______there. The fact that this is not an【C16】______occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and【C17】______from someone else's accounts. The【C18】______of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to【C19】______security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic【C20】______that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.HoweverB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.offB.backC.overD.around(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.powerB.conceptC.historyD.role(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.rewardB.resistC.resumeD.reverse(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.silentB.suddenC.slowD.steady(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.forB.againstC.withD.on(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.imaginativeB.expensiveC.sensitiveD.productive(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.similarB.originalC.temporaryD.dominant(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.collectC.copyD.print(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.give upB.take overC.bring backD.pass down(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.when(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.keptB.borrowedC.releasedD.withdrawn(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.UnlessB.UntilC.BecauseD.Though(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.hideB.expressC.raiseD.ease(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.analyzedB.sharedC.storedD.displayed(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.unsafeB.unnaturalC.uncommonD.unclear(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.stealB.chooseC.benefitD.return(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.considerationB.preventionC.manipulationD.justification(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）B.fight againstC.adapt toD.call for(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.chunkB.chipC.pathD.trail三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：42.00)A particular area in which assumptions and values differ between cultures is that of friendship. Friendships among Americans tend to be shorter and less intense than those among people from many other cultures. At least many observers from abroad have this impression. Because Americans are taught to be self-reliant, because they live in a very mobile society, and for many other reasons as well, they tend to avoid deep involvement with other people. Furthermore, Americans tend to "compartmentalize" their friendships, having their "friends at work" , "friends at school" , a "tennis friend" , and so on. Americans often seem very friendly, even when you first meet them. This friendliness does not usually mean that the American is looking for a deeper relationship. The result of these attitudes and behaviors is sometimes viewed by foreigner as an "inability to be friends". Other times it is seen as a normal way to retain personal happiness in a mobile, ever-changing society. People normally have in their minds stereotypes about people who are different from themselves. Stereotypes are based on limited and incomplete experience and information, but they shape people's thoughts and expectations. Americans have many stereotypes about foreign students in general(for example, that they are very hard working, intelligent, and rich; that they do not speak English well)and about particular categories of foreign students(Chinese are polite and good at mathematics, for example, or Italians are emotional). And foreign students have their own stereotypes of Americans, for example, that they are arrogant, rude, and generous. There are two stereotypes that often effect male-female relationships involving U. S. and foreign students. The first is the idea, held by some foreign males, that American females are invariably willing, if not anxious, to have sex. The second common stereotype, held by some American females, is that male foreign students have no interest in American females other than having sex with them. The existence of these and other stereotypes can give rise to considerable misunderstanding and can block the development of a mutually satisfactory relationship between particular individuals. Stereotypes seem unavoidable, given the way the human mind seeks to categorize and classify information, so it is not realistic to suppose people can "forget their stereotypes". But they can be aware of their stereotypes, and be ready to find exceptions to them.（分数：10.00）(1).Concerning friendship, Americans______.（分数：2.00）A.look for a deeper relationship in a close circleB.avoid deep relationship with other peopleC.are friendly at first but do not remain so later onD.do not make good friends(2).The word "compartmentalize" in the first paragraph means " ______".（分数：2.00）A.separate in categoriesB.treat differentlyC.evaluate accordinglyD.judge fairly(3).The author's attitude toward the American type of friendship seems to be______.（分数：2.00）A.approvingB.criticalC.biasedD.objective(4).According to the author, stereotypes concerning male-female relationships involving U. S. and foreign students are______.（分数：2.00）A.helpfulB.meaning lessC.harmfuleless(5).According to the author, stereotypes seem unavoidable because______.（分数：2.00）A.it is natural to have themB.it is easy to find exceptionsC.they provide better understandingD.they contribute to friendshipYou may have wondered why the supermarkets are all the same. It is not because the companies that operate them lack imagination. It is because they all aim at persuading people to buy things. In the supermarket, it takes a while for the mind to get into a shopping mode. This is why the area immediately inside the entrance is known as the " decompression zone". People need to slow down and look around, even if they are regulars. In sales terms this area is bit of a loss, so it tends to be used more for promotion. Immediately inside the first thing shoppers may come to is the fresh fruit and vegetables section. For shoppers, this makes no sense. Fruit and vegetables can be easily damaged, so they should be bought at the end, not the beginning, of a shopping trip. But what is at work here? It turns out that selecting good fresh food is a way to start shopping, and it makes people feel less guilty about reaching for the unhealthy stuff later on. Shoppers already know that everyday items, like milk, are invariably placed towards the back of a store to provide more opportunities to tempt customers. But supermarkets know shoppers know this, so they use other tricks, like placing popular items halfway along a section so that people have to walk all along the aisle looking for them. The idea is to boost "dwell time" : the length of time people spend in a store. Traditionally retailers measure "football" , as the number of people entering a store is known, but those numbers say nothing about where people go and how long they spend there. But nowadays, a piece of technology can fill the gap: the mobile phone. Path Intelligence, a British company tracked people's phones at Gunwharf Quays, a large retailer centre in Portsmouth —not by monitoring calls, but by plotting the positions of handsets as they transmit automatically to cellular networks. It found that when dwell time rose 1 $ sales rose 1. 3% . Such techniques are increasingly popular because of a deepening understanding about how shoppers make choices. People tell market researchers that they make rational decisions about what to buy, considering things like price, selection or convenience. But subconscious forces, involving emotion and memories, are clearly also at work.（分数：10.00）(1).In Paragraph 2, "decompression zone" is the area meant to______.（分数：2.00）A.prepare shoppers for the mood of buyingB.offer shoppers a place to have a restC.encourage shoppers to try new productsD.provide shoppers with discount information(2).Putting fruit-and-vegetable section near the entrance takes advantage of shoppers' ______.（分数：2.00）mon senseB.shopping habitsC.shopping psychologyD.concerns with time(3).Path intelligence uses a technology to______.（分数：2.00）A.measure how long people stay at a storeB.count how many people enter a storeC.find out what people buy in a storeD.monitor what people say and do in a store(4).The author argues that shoppers______.（分数：2.00）A.exert more influence on stores than they imagineB.are more likely to make rational choices than they knowC.have more control over what they buy than they assumeD.tend to make more emotional decisions than they think(5).The best title for the passage is______.（分数：2.00）A.New Technology Boosts Stores' SalesB.How Shoppers Make Choices in StoresC.The Science behind Stores' ArrangementsD.Rational and Irrational Ways of Shopping31.In the past, degrees were very unusual in my family. I remember the day my uncle graduated. We had a huge party, and for many years my mother called him "the genius" and listened to his opinion. Today in comparison, five of my brothers and sisters have degrees, and two are studying for their masters'. However, some people think that this increased access to education is devaluing degrees. People have several arguments against the need for degrees. They say that having so many graduates devalues a degree. People lose respect for the degree holder. It is also claimed that education has become a rat race. Graduates have to compete for jobs even after years of studying. Another point is that studying for such a long time leads to learners becoming inflexible. They know a lot about one narrow subject, but are unable to apply their skills. Employers prefer more flexible and adaptable workers. However, I feel strongly that this move to having more qualifications is a positive development. In the past education was only for the rich and powerful. Now it is available to everyone, and this will have many advantages for the country and the individual. First of all, it is impossible to be overeducated. The more people are exchanging ideas. A further point is that people with degrees have many more opportunities. They can take a wider variety of jobs and do what they enjoy doing, instead of being forced to take a job they dislike. Finally, a highly educated workforce is good for the economy of the country. It attracts foreign investment. In conclusion, although there are undoubtedly some problems with increased levels of education, I feel strongly that the country can only progress if all its people are educated to the maximum of their ability.What can we learn about the author's family?（分数：2.00）A.They used to disregard education.B.They are overeducated now.C.Few members were allowed to go to school in the past.D.There are now more educated members than in the past.I have a vegetable garden and every summer I enjoy eating my own vegetables. One day last summer I picked a dozen carrots. Usually, as soon as I have picked the carrots, I clean the dirt off them by washing them in a bucket of water. But this day, as I was getting up from the ground with my twelve carrots, I tripped(绊)and fell over the bucket. The water spilled out of the bucket, so I decided to wash the carrots quickly in the kitchen sink. I put the carrots in the sink, washed them with water, and watched all the dirt washed away down the drain. The next day, when I was washing dishes, I noticed that the water drained out of the sink much more slowly than usual. It drained so slowly that I called a plumber(水管工)to come and fix my drain. The plumber tried a lot of different cleaners and equipment, but nothing worked. He had to cut a hole in the floor where the drain pipe was in order to try to find the problem. While he was cutting the small hole,he accidentally cut the hot-water pipe. Hot water sprayed over the plumber, onto the floor, under the refrigerator; water went everywhere. My refrigerator stopped working because the water had affected the electrical wires. I called an electrician to come and fix the refrigerator. The electrician had to move the refrigerator to work on the wires. As she was balancing it, she tripped over the plumber's tools. She fell down and the refrigerator tipped over. It crashed into the wall, resulting in a huge hole in the wall. I called a carpenter to come and fix the wall. In order to repair the hole in the wall, the carpenter had to tear down half of the entire wall. Meanwhile, the plumber was still looking for the source of the drain problem. Since the kitchen was in a terrible mess anyway, the plumber decided to remove part of the floor to look at the pipe there. In the middle of the floor, he found the problem: the dirt from the carrots was stuck in the pipe and nothing could go through. Now I had a sink that did not drain, a refrigerator that did not work, a wall that was half gone, and part of a floor that was missing. I looked at this disaster and decided that what I really needed was a new kitchen. Finally, I called a house builder to come and fix my kitchen. Three weeks later I had a new sink, a new refrigerator, new cupboards on a new wall, new tiles on a new floor, and $ 10, 000 less in my bank.（分数：10.00）(1).The carrots were washed in the sink instead of the bucket because______.（分数：2.00）A.the water bucket fell overB.dinner needed to be made soonC.carrots were always washed in itD.they could be washed more cleanly(2).The plumber did all the following EXCEPT______.（分数：2.00）A.cut a hole in the floorB.cut the hot-water pipeC.try different cleanersD.tear down part of the wall(3).Which of the following caused the hole in the wall?（分数：2.00）A.Water that sprayed on it.B.The electrician who worked on the wires.C.The refrigerator that crashed into it.D.The plumber who used a wrong tool.(4).Which of the following items was NOT damaged?（分数：2.00）A.The wallB.The ceilingC.The hot water pipe.D.The floor.(5).The best title of the passage would be "______".（分数：2.00）A.How a dozen carrots cost $ 10, 000B.What the dirt from carrots could doC.Carrots can be very expensiveD.A careless homeownerMore boys than girls are born all over the world, but a new study has found that the closer people live to the equator(赤道), the smaller the difference becomes. No one knows why. The imbalanced sex ratio at birth has been known for more than a hundred years, and researchers have found a large variety of social, economic and biological factors that relate to the sex ratio at birth-war, economic stress, age, diet, selective abortion and more. But latitude(纬度)is a natural phenomenon, unaffected by cultural or economic factors. To look at the effect of latitude, Kristen J. Navara of the University of Georgia used the latitude of the capital city in 202 countries, as well as 10 years of data on sex ratio at birth and annual variations in day length and temperature. Dr. Navara performed a statistical analysis which showed that there was a significant relation betweensex ratios in favor of boys and latitude. African countries produced the lowest sex ratios—50. 7 percent boys—and European and Asian countries had the highest with 51. 4 percent. There are some possible explanations, but none entirely satisfactory. It could be that there is some survival value in producing more girls in warmer regions, but it is unclear what this might be. There may be genetic or racial differences that could explain it, but the connection persists over so many varied populations that this seems unlikely. Mice also produce more male offspring during shorter days or colder weather, but the reasons in these animals are just as mysterious as they are in humans. " There's a possibility that humans might be responding to factors they were programmed to respond to a long time ago-not cultural or socioeconomic, but climate and things like latitude," Dr. Navara said. " What's interesting is that we may be seeing something that connects us with our animal ancestry. "（分数：10.00）(1).What can be learned from the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.The closer to the equator, the more boys are born.B.Boys are more used to colder places.C.Girls have a higher birth rate than boys near the equator.D.In warmer places the birth ratio between boys and girls is lower.(2).Out of all the influencing factors of birth ratio, Dr. Navara focuses on______.（分数：2.00）A.cultureB.economytitudeD.stress(3).Dr. Navara reached her conclusion through______.（分数：2.00）paring dataB.field studyC.conducting a surveyD.map reading(4).According to Navara, which of the following probably explains the imbalanced sex ratio?（分数：2.00）A.There is cultural preference for boys.B.Humans are designed that way by nature.C.Different races have different birth ratios.D.Humans are different from animals in birth ratio.(5).What is the purpose of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.To tell a mysterious story.B.To report a scientific experiment.C.To explain an interesting phenomenon.D.To argue for a viewpoint.四、English-Chinese Tran(总题数：1，分数：2.00)32.I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have an ordeal of the most grievous kind before us. We have many, many months of struggle and suffering before us. You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our policy. You ask, what is our aim?I can answer in one word, It is victory. Victory at all costs; victory in spite of all terrors; victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 五、Chinese-English Tran(总题数：1，分数：2.00)33.都市寸土千金，地价炒得越来越高，今后将更高。
考博英语(阅读理解)历年真题试卷汇编3(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编3(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. On top of that, U. S. anti-terrorism laws cut off food aid because Al-Shabaab, listed as a terrorist group, was taking some of it. Though the United Nations has declared the famine over, that was based on statistical measures, such as the number of people dying each day and the number of children who are malnourished. Though the official famine may be over, both U. N. officials and Monday’s speakers said the crisis continues for the people of Somalia. Almost a third of the population remains dependent on humanitarian assistance, crops growing from recent rains will take months to reach maturity, and herds of cows, goats, and other animals were greatly reduced during the crisis. Michael Delaney, director of humanitarian response for Oxfam America, warned that the world will have another chance to get its response fight, because the warning signs are pointing to an impending famine in Africa’s Sahel, the arid, continent-spanning transition zone just below the Sahara Desert.6．The current Somali famine is different from the 1991 -1992 one in that______.A．it received less international aidB．worst effects came more slowlyC．it caught more attention from the worldD．it lasted longer despite help from the UN正确答案：B解析：细节题。
考博英语阅读理解及答案解析
Passage 1The physical distribution of products has two primary aspects: transportation and storage. Both aspects are highly developed and specialized phases of marketing. The costs of both trans-porting and storing are built into the prices of products. Transportation can be by truck, rail-way, ship, or barge. For some items, such as exotic plants and flowers, or when rapid delivery is essential, air freight may be used.Storage, or warehousing, is a necessary function because production and consumption of goods rarely match: items generally are not sold as quickly as they are made. Inventories build up, both in warehouses and at retail establishments, before the foods are sold. The transporta-tion function is involved in bringing goods to a warehouse and taking them from it to retail stores.Storage performs the service of stabilizing market price. If, for example, no agricultural product could be stored, all food would have to be put on the market immediately. This would, of course, create a glut and lower prices drastically. There would be an immediate benefit to consumers, but in the long run they would suffer. Farmers, because of low prices, would be forced off the land, and the amount of food produced would decrease. This, in turn, would raise consumer prices.Warehouses for storage are of several types. Private warehouses are owned by manufactur-ers. Public warehouses, in spite of their name, are privately owned facilities, but they are in-dependent of manufacturer ownership. General-merchandise warehouses store a great variety of products. Cold-storage warehouses store perishable goods, especially food products. Grain ele-vators are a kind of warehouse used to keep wheat and other grains from spoiling. A bonded warehouse is one that stores foods, frequently imported, on which taxes must be paid before they are sold. Cigarettes and alcoholic beverages are common examples.The distribution center is a more recently developed kind of warehouse. Many large com- panics have several manufacturing plants, sometimes located outside the country. Each plant does not make every company product but specializes in one or more of them. The distribution center allows a manufacturer to bring together all product lines in one place. Its purpose is to minimize storage and to ease the flow of goods from manufacturers to retailers rather than build up extensive inventories. It reduces costs by speeding up product turnover. Very large corporations will have several distribution centers regionally or internationally based1. The main subject of this passage is______.A) transportation and storage B) storage of productsC) distribution center D) two main aspects of product distribution2. Warehousing is important in that _A) inventories build up before the goods are soldB) the prices will go downC) more goods are produced than can be consumedD) the food has to be put on the market immediately3. How many types of warehouses for storage are discussed in the passage?A) 3. B) 4. C) 6. D) 7.4. Where might one find meat and milk?A) Grain elevator. B) Cold-storage warehouse.C) Private warehouse. D) Bonded warehouse.5. What is NOT true of a distribution center?A) It is a relatively new type of warehouse.B) Product is replaced more quickly and costs are down.C) Some distribution centers are not built in the sane country as the factoryD) It builds up extensive inventories to minimize storage.Passage 2How much pain do animals feel? This is a question which has caused endless controversy. Opponents of big game shooting, for example, arouse our pity by describing tile agonies of a badly-wounded beast that has crawled into a comer to die. In countries where the fox, the hare and the deer are hunted, animal-lovers paint harrowing pictures of the pursued animal suffering not only the physical distress of the chase but the mental anguish of anticipated death.The usual answer to these criticisms is that animals do not suffer in the same way, or to the same extent, as we de. Man was created with a delicate nervous system and has never lost his acute sensitiveness to pain; animals, on the other hand, had less sensitive systems to begin with and in the course of millions of years, have developed a capacity of ignoring injuries and disorders which human beings would find intolerable. For example, a dog will continue to play with a ball even after a serious injury to his foot; he may be unable to run without limping, but he will go on trying long after a human child would have had to stop because of the pain. We are told, moreover, that even when animals appear to us to be suffering acutely, this is not so; what seems to us to be agonized contortions caused by pain are in fact no more than muscular contractions over which they have no control.These arguments are unsatisfactory because something about which we know a great deal is being compared with something we can only conjecture. We know what we feel; we have no means of knowing what animals feet. Some creatures with a less delicate nervous system than ours may be incapable of feeling pain to the same extent as we do: that as far as we are entitled to do, the most humane attitude, surely, is to assume that no animals are entirely exempt from physical pain and that we ought, therefore, wherever possible, to avoid causing suffering even to the least of them.6. Animal-lovers assume that animals, being hunted, would suffer from ____.A) a great deal of agony both in body and in spiritB) mental distress once they are woundedC) only body pains without feeling sadD) crawling into the comer to die7. Supporters of game shooting may argue that animals ______.A) cannot control their muscular contractionsB) have developed a capacity of feeling no painC) are not as acutely sensitive as human beings to injuriesD) can endure all kinds of disorders8. The author feels sure that _____.A) animals don't show suffering to usB) dogs are more endurable than human childrenC) we cannot know what animals feelD) comparing animals with human beings is not appropriate9. What is the author's opinion about animal hunting?A) We should feel the same as the hunted animals do.B) We should protect and save all the animals.C) We shouldn't cause suffering to them.D) We should take care of them if we can.10. This passage seems to ____.A) argue for something B) explain somethingC) tell a story D) describe an objectPassage 3In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A the-ory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experi-merits to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists' predictions, the theory is sup-ported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said: "Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house."Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem areformulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses.In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist's thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes ob-servations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.11. The word "this" in the 3rd sentence in paragraph 1 refers to ______.A) a good example B) an imaginary modelC) the kinetic molecular theory D) an observed event12. Bricks are mentioned in the 3rd paragraph to indicate how ____.A) mathematicians approach scienceB) building a house is like performing experimentsC) science is more than a collection of factsD) scientific experiments have led to improved technology13. In the last paragraph, the author refers to a hypothesis as "a leap into the unknown" in or- der to show that hypotheses ______.A) are sometimes ill-conceived B) can lead to dangerous resultsC) go beyond available facts D) require effort to formulate14. What is a major function of hypotheses as implied in the last paragraph7A) Sifting through known facts.B) Communicating a scientist's thoughts to others.C) Providing direction for scientific research.D) Linking together different theories.15. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?A) Theories are simply imaginary models of past events.B) It is better to revise a hypothesis than to reject it.C) A scientist's most difficult task is testing hypotheses.D) A good scientist needs to be creative.文章大意：这篇文章从定义、作用及产生过程几方面阐述了科学理论。
考博英语(阅读理解)练习试卷6(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷6(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionAn American literary critic, humorous journalist, essayist, whose comic skepticism about human progress, expressed with penetrating style, is a continuing resource for all lovers of extravagant language. Mencken wrote—according to some estimations—3 000 newspaper columns. During the 15-year period following World War I , Mencken set the standard for satire in his day, and his essays are still widely read. Mencken was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He studied at the Baltimore Polytechnic Institute(1892—1896), continued to study literature with a private tutor, and worked in his father’s cigar factory(f896—1899). From 1899, when his father died, Mencken was a reporter or editor for several Baltimore papers, among them Baltimore Morning Herald. He later joined the staff of the Baltimore Sun , for which he worked throughout most of his life. From 1916 to 1918 he worked as a war correspondent in Germany and in Russia. Mencken gained a reputation in the trade as a boy wonder, for he was industrious and fertile and learned all there was to learn about a newspaper in a few years. He advanced with alarming rapidity, becoming city editor and two years later managing editor of the Herald, In 1906 when the Herald ceased to exist, Mencken went to the Sunpaper.s as Sunday editor, became an editorial writer, and in 1911 started his column, the Free Lance, in the Evening Sun. He began another series of weekly articles in 1919 and was associated with the Sunpapers, except for one short break, until 1948. At sixty-two Mencken had spent forty-three years as a newspaperman, forty as a writer of books, twenty-five as a reviewer, and twenty as a magazine editor. “I edited both newspapers and magazines, some of them successes and some ol them not, and got a close, confidential view of the manner in which opinion is formulated on this earth. . . Like any other man I have had my disasters and my miseries, and like any other author I have suffered from recurrent depressions and despairs, but taking one year with another I have had a fine time of it in this vale of sorrow, and no call to envy any man. “Mencken suffered a cerebral thrGmbosis(脑血栓) in 1948, from which he never fully recovered, and died on January 29, 1956. (349 words)1．What does the passage mainly discuss?A．Mencken’s life and career.B．Mencken’s literary style.C．Mencken’s reputation in America.D．Mencken’s self-evaluation.正确答案：A解析：B、C和D内容比较具体，不宜作为主题。
《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(社会问题类 电脑中的伦理问题)【圣才出品】
Passage9电脑中的伦理问题At PARC,we have lived with ubiquitous computing for almost ten years.Early on we confronted the question of how to do this work most ethically.We concluded that it is vitally important for everyone,scientists and consumers alike,to remain alert to the ethical issues we may face as the world becomes filled with embedded, invisible computers.Computer chips have been inserted into everyday objects since the earliest days of the microprocessor.Today,an average home might have40chips in various devices,from remote controls to alarm clocks to wristwatches.This fact has raised few new ethical issues.But as computers become more and more ubiquitous,and less visually obvious,three questions arise.Firstly,will these chips’thinking for us make us forget how to think for ourselves?Secondly,will an“information underclass”without access to these devices be created?And thirdly,will these chips invade our privacy?The goal of ubiquitous computing is to make technology invisible and,by embedding computers into everyday things,make the things themselves smarter. But will this lead to dumber people with less control over their technology? Automobiles,for example,use embedded computers for a host of functions that improve their performance and reliability.But fewer people now know enough about their car to be their own mechanic.Should this loss of a once common skill concern us?I think not.Ever since the first pre-human shaped a stone into an axe,we have been improving our technology.The invention of the axe did represent a loss of control,because some people were better at making axes than others.But the axe also made life easier,so we had more time to develop other skills,like agriculture,art and writing.As another step along this continuum of invention, ubiquitous computing won’t make people dumber;it will give them time to get smart about other things.I believe,however,that everyone should be given an equal opportunity to get smart about other things.In this regard,there is legitimate concern that the new ubiquitous computers won’t be equally available to everyone,thus driving a wedge between high-tech“haves”and“have-nots”.But it is important to realize that the prime mover behind the latest technology is not the technology itself,but an agreement—the Internet.Agreeing on low computers should talk to one another on the internet has tremendous advantages for exchanging information,decreasing the cost of technology and creating new market opportunities.If all chips are able to relate to each other,then information can be shared cheaply.This means that Internet access may eventually cost only a dollar or two.If the trend towards ever cheaper,more widespread access to information continues,there will be no information underclass.Ubiquitous computing will make our lives more convenient,but it will also allow computers to know everything about us:private actions,such as reading the newspaper,may be shared with other computers—and their owners—all over theworld.When computers know so much,who will they tell?If a computer runs your toaster,for example,it knows when you make toast, and how many slices.By correlating toast-making activity with the license plate numbers of cars parked in front of your house,a computer could determine if a guest had spent the night.But if you were a married politician,and even if you were not,you might want to keep this information secret.Democracy is based on the principle that if people have enough information, wise decisions will be made.In an age in which embedded computers will provide us with ever more information,it is vital that the ethical implications of this new technology be openly debated.With a little vigilance and planning,we can reap the benefits of this new technology without compromising our intelligence,our opportunities or our freedom.1.It can be inferred that“PARC”is a place where______.puters are manufacturedB.scientists and consumers live togetherC.there are computers embedded all aroundD.ethical issues are taught in class2.All of the following are mentioned by the author as having chips inside EXCEPT ______.A.remote controlsB.alarm clocksC.watchesD.microwave ovens3.The expression“information underclass”in paragraph2is closest in meaning to______.rmation that is below parrmation under studyC.people that provide informationD people that do not get as much information as others4.While discussing whether information will be widely available in the long run,the author centers his analysis on matters of______.A.costB.human natureC.intellectual property rightsD.mass media5.The author’s attitude toward ubiquitous computing can best be described as ______.A.cautious optimismB.unreserved approvalC.grave skepticismD.adamant opposition【答案与解析】1.C首句就指出了“PARC”全面电脑化已近十年了（lived with ubiquitous computingfor almost ten years），可见C为正确答案。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2003华东师大考博英语阅读及答案Passage 1Birds sometimes exhibit benevolent feelings; they will feed the deserted young ones even of distinct species, but this perhaps ought to be considered as a mistaken instinct. They will feed, as shown in an earlier part of this work, adult birds of their own species which have become blind. Mr. Buxton gives a curious account of a parrot which took care of a frost-bitten and crippled bird of a distinct species, cleansed her feathers and defended her from the attacks of the other parrots which roamed freely about his garden. It is a still more curious fact that these birds apparently evince some sympathy for the pleasures of their fellows. When a pair of cockatoos made a nest in an acacia tree "it was ridiculous to see the extravagant interest taken in the matter by the others of the same species." These parrots also evinced unbounded curiosity and clearly had "the idea of property and possession." They have good memories, for in the Zoological Gardens they have plainly recognized their former masters after an interval of some months.Birds possess acute powers of observation. Every mated bird, of course, recognizes its fellow. Audubon states that a certain number of mating thrushes (Mimus polyglottus) remain all the year round in Louisiana, while others migrate to the Eastern States; these latter on their return are instantly recognized and always attacked by their southern brethren. Birds under confinement distinguish different persons, as is proved by the strong and permanent antipath or affection which they show without any apparent cause toward certain individuals. I have heard of numerous instances with jays, partridges, canaries, and especially bullfinches. Mr. Husscy has described in how extraordinary a manner a tamed partidge recognized everybody; and its likes and dislikes were very strong This bird seemed "fond of gay colors, and no new gown or cap could be put on without catching his attention." Mr. Hcwitt has described the habits of some ducks (recenfiy descended from wild birds) which at the approach of a strange dog or cat would rush headlong into the water and exhaust themselves in their attempts to escape; but they knew Mr. Hewitt''s own dogs and cats so well that they would lie down and bask in the sun close to them. They always moved away from a strange man, and so they would from the lady who attended them if she made any great change in her dress. Audubon relates that he reared and tamed a wild turkey which always ran away from any strange dog; this bird escaped into the woods, and some days afterward Audubon saw, as he thought, a wild turkey and made his dog chase it; but to his astonishment the bird did not nm away, and the dog when he came up did not attack the bird, for they mutually recognized each other as old friends.Mr. Jenner Weir is convinced that birds pay particular attention to the colors of other birds, sometimes out of jealousy and sometimes as a sign of kinship. Thus he turned a reed-bunting (Emberiza sehoeniculus), which had acquired its black headdress, into his aviary, and the newcomer was not noticed by any bird except by a bullfinch, which is likewise black-headed_ This bullfinch was a very quiet bird, and had never before quarreled with any of its comrades, including another reed-bunting, which had not as yet become black-headed; but the reed-bunting with a black head was so unmercifully treated that it had to be removed.61. Why does Darwin cite Mr. Buxton?A. To support his theory about birds'' powers of observation.B. To support his statement about birds'' benevolence.C. To contrast with his own observations of birds,D. Both A and B.62. Why does Darwin mention jays, partridges, canaries, and bullfinches?A. To explain why some birds cannot be trained.B. To educate his reader on types of local birds.C. To contrast with a later discussion of shore birds.D. To support his discussion of birds'' memories.63. What does Darwin mean by "a sign of kinship"A. Mark of common parentage.B. Premonition of future union.C. Symbol of compatibility.D. Evidence of family relationship.64. A good title for paragraph 3 might beA. "Different-Colored Birds"B. "Bullfinches and Their Colors"C. "An Example of Color Recognitiion in Birds"D. "Captive Birds"65. The main purpose of this passage is toA. compare three species of birdsB. review current studies of birdsC. compare wild birds to confined birdsD. discuss some traits of birdsPassage 2At the end of what seemed a tedious while, I had managed to pack my head full of islands, towns, bars, "points," and bends; and a curiously inanimate mass of lamber it was, too. However, inasmuch as I could shut my eyes and reel off a good long string of these names without leaving out more than ten miles of river in every filly, I began to feel that I could make her skip those little gaps. But of course my complacency could hardly get start enough to lift my nose a trifle into the air, before Mr. Bixby would think of something to fetch it down again. One day he turned on me suddenly with this settler:"What is the shape of Walnut Bend?"He might as well have asked me my grandmother''s opinion ofprotoplasm( 原生质)。