动词第三人称单数词尾变化形式及读音

动词第三人称单数词尾变化形式及读音动词第三人称单数词尾变化有三种形式。

(1)一般动词在词尾加-s，-s在清辅音后读／s／，在浊辅音或元音后读／z／ds读／dz／，ts读／ts／。

如：help→helps／helps／，know→knows／n☜uz／，get→gets／gets／，read→reads／ri dz ／(2)以字母s，x，ch，sh或有些以o结尾的动词加-es，-es读／iz／。

如：guess→guesses／'♑✌siz／，fix→fixes／'fiksiz／，teach→teaches／'ti t☞iz／，wash→washes／'w ☞iz／注意：go→goes／♑☜uz／，do→does／d✈z／(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es，-ies读／iz／。

如：carry→carries／'k✌riz／，fly→flies／flaiz／注：在play→plays／pleiz／，say→says／sez／中，字母y前为元音字母，第三人称单数形式直接在动词后面加-s。

(4)特殊词例外。

如：be→is，have→has以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是[s]，[z]时，加“s”后字母“e”发音，与所加“s” ，一起读做[iz]。

如：close－closes [iz]规则动词和不规则动词的过去式变化如下：一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed ，如：work—worked piay—played want--wanted act--acted以不发音的-e 结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：live--lived move--moved decide--decided decline--declined hope--hoped judge—judged raise--raised wipe--wiped以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如：study--studied try--tried copy--copied justify--justified cry--criedcarry--carried embody--embodied empty--emptied以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop--stopped beg--begged fret--fretted drag--dragged drop—dropped plan--planned dot--dotted drip--dripped注：不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。

go – went make – made get – got buy – bought come - came fly-flew动词过去式,过去分词不规则变化AB型can -- could shall -- should will -- would may -- mightAAA型cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hithurt hurt hurt let let let must must mustput put put set set set shut shut shutread read readAAB型beat beat beatenABA型become became become run ran runcome came comeABB型bring brought brought buy bought boughtthink thought thought catch caught caughtteach taught taught build built builtlend lent lent send sent sentspend spent spent dig dug dughang hung hung feel felt feltkeep kept kept sleep slept sleptsweep swept swept leave left leftsmell smelt smelt spill spilt spiltlay laid laid pay paid paidsay said said sell sold soldtell told told sit sat satspit spat spat stand stood stood understand understood understoodlearn learnt learnt mean meant meantspoil spoilt spoilt shine shone shonewin won won have had hadmake made made hear heard heardfind found found hold held heldABC型begin began begun drink drank drunkring rang rung sing sang sungsink sank sunk swim swam swumblow blew blown fly flew flowngrow grew grown know knew knownthrow threw thrown draw drew drawnshow showed shown break broke broken choose chose chosen forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen speak spoke spoken wake woke woken drive drove driveneat ate eaten fall fell fallengive gave given hide hid hiddenride rode ridden rise rose risentake took taken mistake mistook mistaken write wrote written am,is was beenare were been do did donego went gone lie lay lainsee saw seen wear wore worn易错型show showed shown draw drew drawnfall fell fallen feel felt felthold held held help helped helped think thought thought thank thanked thanked take took taken talk talked talkedget got got forget forgot forgotten meet met met mean meant meanthit hit hit hide hid hiddenring rang rung bring brought brought eat ate eaten beat beat beatenlie lay lain lay laid laidfind found found found founded founded buy bought bought bring brought brought learn learnt learnt hear heard heard名词复数的规则变化一般情况加-s1.清辅音后，读/s/; map-maps2.浊辅音和元音后，读/z/; car-cars bag-bags以s,sh,ch, x等结尾的词加-es读/iz/ bus-buses watch-watches以ce,se,ze, ge等结尾的词加-s读/iz/ license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y 为i 再加es，读/z/ baby---babies名词复数的不规则变化1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teethmouse---mice man---men woman---women注意：与man 和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。

如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。

2）单复同形如：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japaneseli，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。

如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。

如：people ，police，cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle，the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，theSwiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。

如：The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a）maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。

b) news 是不可数名词。

c) the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。

d) 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。

"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。

5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜)，trousers，clothes若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair(对，双)；suit(套)；a pair of glasses；two pairs of trousers6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters 水域，fishes（各种）鱼动词的现在分词由动词原形加-ing 构成。