英汉翻译技巧视角转换(Shift
第五章 英汉翻译技巧-视角转移
3. 时间视角的转移 • 与空间视角转移一样,时间视角也可以灵 活地进行转移。时间的前或后是我们可以 灵活调整变换的关系。在英文中,这一类 的句子通常靠before,since等词连接起来。
• (1) It was not long before he died. • 译文 过了不久,他就死了。 • (2) It has been one year since I last smoked. • 译文 一年前,我戒了烟。/ 我戒烟已经一 年了。 • (3) This is well out of the line of traffic and it was three years before any ship sighted the castaways. • 译文 这里远离航线,过了三年,过往船只 才发现这群流落荒岛的人。
• 从根本来说,是逻辑习惯和语言习惯决定 了在翻译中是否应该采取正反视角转移的 方法。比如英文中的“staff only”,如果 直译则成为“员工专用”或“只有员工能 进入”。我们采取“闲人免进”来翻译它 ,一方面是为了形成四字格;另一方面它 采取否定说法,口气更为严厉。从以上的 几个示例可以看出,正反视角的转移不只 是给我们提供了一种翻译的技巧,更为我 们提供了一种在翻译中逆向思维的方法。
第四,正反视角的转移。正反视角的转移是 视角转移的一种重要方式。英语和汉语都有大量 用正反两种形式表达相同意思的现象,这为我们 实现正反视角的转移奠定了坚实基础。比如这样 一句话“He would say no more”,如果采用否 定的方法翻译,可以翻译成“他不肯再多说了”, 如果用肯定的说法,可以翻译成“他只肯说到这 里”。 当然,这只是视角转移的几种方式。有句诗 说得好,“横看成岭侧成峰”,只要我们留心, 可以说视角的转移在翻译中无处不在,转移的方 式也是千变万化的。如果我们能恰当地使用视角 转移的方法,必将给译文增色不少。
翻译讲义
英汉翻译技巧:减词(Omission)E-C.1. A soldier must obey orders.军人必须服从命令。
(省冠词)(王令坤<英汉翻译技巧>上海交大出版社)2. When the pressure gets low, the boiling point becomes low.气压低,沸点就低。
(省动词)(许建平<英汉互译实践与技巧>清华大学出版社) 3. It was an early September day, cool and bright and just right for running, and I was in the first few miles of a 10.5-mile race over a course through steep exhausting hills.那是九月初的一天,秋高气爽,阳光明媚,正是赛跑的好时光。
我正参加一场10.5英里的比赛,刚跑了几英里。
比赛路线要穿越一些陡峭、使人精疲力竭的山坡。
(省连词)(王令坤<英汉翻译技巧>上海交大出版社)4. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive.使自由保持活力的是冲突而不是绝对的一致。
(省强调句中的it)(王令坤<英汉翻译技巧>上海交大出版社)5. One must make painstaking efforts before one could succeed in mastering a foreign language.要掌握一门外语,非下苦功夫不可。
(省代词)(靳梅琳<英汉翻译概要>南开大学出版社)6. Never trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you.不要自寻麻烦。
(省名词)(许建平<英汉互译实践与技巧>清华大学出版社) 7. Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。
英语翻译——视角转换
• 4.From a country which is both agricultural and marine like Holland, you couldn’t but expect excellent cuisine.(视角转换之正 反译)
• 在农业和渔业都发达的荷兰,游人 肯定能品尝到美味的菜肴。
Shift of Perspective 视角转换
• We offer 30% discount airline tickets!
• 我们提供便宜了30%的机票。
• 我司出售7折机票!
• One more will make a table. • 再来一个人就凑成一桌了。 • 我们三缺一。
• It takes two to tango.
• 5.中国政府已经禁止猎食野生 动物。(词性转换) • The government has banned the consumption of wildlife in China.
• 6.闲人免进。(视角转换之主语 转换) • Staff only.
• 7.到龙胜旅游,你可以在沿途及县城内 找到高、中、低档的食宿服务设施。( 视角转换之主语转换、简化)
• Tourist facilities of different classes are available on the way to and in Longsheng County.
• 8.密林中经常可以看到野猴出没。(视 角转换之主语转换)
• In the dense groves wild monkeys are oftern seen to appear and disappear.
• 新加坡征收3%的商品和服务税。 • Singapore imposes a 3% Goods and Services Tax.
英汉翻译中词性转换的技巧-PPT资料
(3) Cheerful, efficient and warm-hearted, they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable.
他们乐观、能干、热情,总是想方设法使你一路 上顺利舒适。(状语转换为谓语)
句子成分转换是指英语中的某一句子成分译成汉语时 转换成另一种句子成分。句子成分转换在主语、谓语、
宾语、定语、状语和补语之间展开。
(1) You can always tell the somebodies from the nobodies at a cocktail party. The somebodies come late. 在鸡尾酒会上人们常常可以看出大人物和无名小卒来。那 些迟到的就是大人物。(主语转换为表语;谓语转换为主 语)
她到车站不一会儿,他便出现在她的身旁,听见他喘息的 声音。她凝视着前方,表情严峻。
(5) Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential.
(13) Most US spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere after completing their missions.
美国绝大多数间谍卫星,按其设计,是在完成使命后,在 大气层中焚毁。
二、 句子成分转换
(9) He added: "I understand and respect those views, but I deeply believe in the correctness of my decision." 他还说:"我理解并尊重他们的看法,但我深信我的决定 是正确的。"
英语翻译转换法
五)正面表达与反面表达转换
什么是正面表达?什么是反面表达? 由于思维方式的不同,英语中有些从正面表 达的东西在汉语中习惯从反面来表达;而有 些从反面来表达的东西在汉语中则习惯从正 面来表达。因此,英译汉时常常有必要进行 转换。这就是通常所说的―正说反译、反说 正译‖法。
(一)英语正面表达转换为汉语反面表达
(二) 英语动词、形容词转换为汉语名词
参考译文:
1.The inflammation is characterized by red, swelling, fever, and pain. 炎症的特点是红、肿、热、痛。 v.—n. 2. The visiting guests were escorted to the Yellow Crane Tower last Sunday. 上星期天,来访的客人和陪同人员一起参观 了黄鹤楼。 v.—n.
1. frost-free refrigerator 2. Freeze! 无霜冰箱 别动!
参考译文 1. Wet paint! 油漆未干! 2. He is mortally ill. 他患上不治之症 3. We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.
一、转换为汉语主语
1.状语译为主语 There are different elements in nature 自然界有各种不同的元素。 There be 句型还可以译为无主语,应视具体 情况灵活处理。若原文句中状语在逻辑意义 上说明主语时,亦可译为主语,原来的主语 则译为定语。 e.g He was wounded in the leg. 他的腿部受伤。
转换法 conversion
英汉篇章翻译(技巧综合分析)
英汉篇章翻译(技巧综合分析)Category: 本科四年级Key words: comprehensive analysis, shift of perspective, amplification, parataxis, othertechniques, E-C translationAbstract: It discusses the comprehensive analysis of such major techniques as shift of perspective, amplification, and parataxis used in text translating.Compiler: 许建平等Date: 2000年E-CPassage 1①On my last holiday in the Bahamas, as I walked along the beach feeling the gentle waves wash over my feet, I felt part of universe, even if only a minuscule one, like a grain of sand on the beach.②Although I had to restrict the size of my practice, I felt a closer empathy with my patients.③When I walked into the Intensive Care Unit there was an awesome feeling knowing I, too,had been a patient there.④It was a special satisfaction to comfort my patients with cancer, knowing that it is possible to enjoy life after the anguish of that diagnosis.⑤It gave me a feeling to see the sparkle in one patient's eyes-a man with a total laryngectomy-when I asked if he would enjoy a cold beer and went to get him one.⑥If one realizes that our time on this earth is but a tiny fraction of that within the cosmos, then life calculated in years may not be as important as we think.⑦Why measure life in heartbeats?⑧When life is dependent on such an unreliable function as the beating of the heart, then it is fragile indeed.⑨The only thing that one can depend upon with absolute certainty is death.①上次到巴哈马度假期间,我沿着海滩漫步,海浪轻轻抚揉着我的双脚,此时此刻,我蓦然觉得自己与整个宇宙融为一体,尽管我显得微不足道,就像海滩上的一粒沙子。
视角转化
Exercises 1. They’ll have to be prepared to wait longer for earnings from this investment.
这项投资不会在短时间内赢利,他们得做好准备。 这项投资不会在短时间内赢利,他们得做好准备。 不会在短时间内赢利
2. Urban clearway.
Shift of Perspectives
视角转化法
视角转化法
1. riot police 2. crisis law 3. Students are still arriving. 4. Don’t stop running. 5. Inflation is Target of Bank’s New Policy (China Daily 标题) 6. arms conference 7. bench warmer
市区通道,不准停车。 市区通道,不准停车。
3. Keep upright. 切勿倒置。 切勿倒置 倒置。 4. The bill was defeated, but during the next 25 years more than 100 food and drug bills were introduced in Congress.
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Ⅵ. 以下每句话都有两个译文,请选出更好的并简要说明理由。 (3) Now he certainly wouldn’t remember to come to the meeting. A:这会儿他准把开会的事给忘了。 B:这会儿他准不会记住开会的事了。 译文一 更符合汉语的表达习惯,也非常直接,属于反义正说。 (4) More often than not, you may find some businessman too busy or perhaps too rushed to greet you. A:经常地,你会碰到一个本身太忙或赶着办事而没法跟你打招呼的商人。 B:经常地,你会碰到一个本身非常忙或赶着办事而跟你打招呼的商人。 译文一 采用正义反说的方法,更合乎习惯。而译文二完全是理解错误。
0410shift of perspective (1)
The explanation is pretty thin. 这个解释不太充分。 He has a short memory. 他的记性不好。 What you have suggested is beside the point. 你的建议是不切题的。
句子表达的转换
• • • • • • • • I am new to the work. 这工作我不熟悉。 The middle of the room is clear. 房间中央没放东西。 It’s all Greek to me . 这玩意儿我根本不懂。 Mind your own business. 不要管闲事。
三、表达方式转换
• 英汉两种语言在表达方式上往往因角度不同而异。 要克服这些差异,翻译时也就常有必要把一种表 达方式转换为另一种表达方式,使译文符合汉语 表达习惯。 • (一) 英语中有一些计量词,如score, dozen, decade, quarter等,在汉语中没有相应的表达方 式,所以在汉译时得对其加以转换。
• 只有光照到的物体才是可见的。
2)Subject----Object
• She was warmly applaused by the audience. • 观众给予她 热烈的掌声。
• Friction(摩擦) can be reduced and the life of the machine prolonged by lubrication(润滑剂).
一、词类转换 词类转换是指英语中的某一词类译成 汉语时转换成另一词类
• (一) 英语名词、介词、形容词或副词转换为 汉语动词. 例如: I’m a non-smoker. Who is the best singer in your class? He is the enemy of the reform.
英汉翻译中词性转换的技巧
In science, it is important to state a law or a principle accurately. 在科学方面定律或定理的准确叙述十分重 要。 With slight repairs, the machine could be in motion. 只要称加修理,这台机器便可以运转。 From the front, back and both sides we kept a strict watch on the enemy. 我们在前后左右严密地监视敌人。
Exercise
Difference between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation.
国与国社会制度的不同应妨碍彼此的接近与合 作。 It is our goal that the people in the undeveloped areas will be finally off poverty. 我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱贫 困。
英汉翻译中词性转换的技巧
由于英汉两种语言在语法和表达方式 等方面存在着许多差异,因此英译汉 时常常有必要改变表达方式,使译文 通顺流畅、地道可读。这种变通技巧 就是转换法(shift of perspective)。转 换的形式多种多样,大体可分为7种: ①词类转换,②句子成分转换,③表 达方式转换,④自然语序与倒装语序 转换;⑤正面表达与反面表达转换, ⑥主动式与ey had a dozen children, six boys and six girls, in seventeen years. 在17年中,他们生了12个孩子,6男6女。 (5) She has been a widow only for six months. 她丈夫死了至今才不过半年。 (原文是从妻子的角度加以陈述的,而译文是从 丈夫的角度加以陈述的。如果不改变表达方式, 而搬用原来的表达方式,那译文就是:"她只当了 6个月的寡妇。"这就会给人以错觉:她很快就改 嫁了。) (6) ──Is there a special rate by the month? ──Yes, there is a 10% discount. ──按月计算有什么优惠吗? ──有,可以打9折。
汉英翻译中视角的转换
佳译欣赏Appreciation
其目的是为了进一步向海外介绍英国情况, 推广英语学习,从而在教育、科技和文化等 方面与其他国家保持密切的联系。 It was operated with the aim of further introducing the condition of Britain and promoting the English study overseas to keep in close touch with other countries in education, technology, culture, etc. (春华)
→
study (明琴)
错误举例 Examples ★ 漏译
该会每年的预算,目前大约1亿2千万英镑。 The budget of this Council is about 120,000,000 pounds recently . → The annual budget of this Council is about 120,000,000 pounds recently. (春 华)
Addition
正反转换
正反转换是最主要的视角转换类型之 一,意即对那些正面译不通顺的英语 表达从反面来译,从反面译不通顺的 从正面来译,出于对译语优势、可接 受性和可读性方面的考虑,而舍弃形 式方面的意义对等,保留内容方面的 意义对等。
→under (小燕)
错误举例 Examples ★ 误译
由该会安排在英国学习的学者、学生有1.2 万人。 the population of academicians and students who are arranged to work in Britian by the council has come to 12,000.
商务英语翻译-U6词类转换翻译法名师制作优质教学资料
会计报表 活期账 未决帐项 贷方账项 借方账项 应付账;应付未付账 应收账;应收未收账 现金账 流水账
suspense account overdue account to keep account to have an account with to make up an account to close one's account wtih to close an account to ask an account /to demand an account
1. riot police
2. competition law
防暴警察 反竞争法 学生还没有到齐。 继续跑。 反通货膨胀是银行新政的目标。
3. Students are still arriving.
4. Don’t stop running.
5. Inflation is Target of Bank’s New
英语中具有动作意义的动作意义的名词,汉译时往往可转化为 动词。
1.They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase. 他们举行罢工,要求工资增加40%。 2.Give me liberty or give me death.
不自由,毋宁死。
清算
审查账目;监查账目 检查账目 转入A的账户 以记账方式付款 立即作复
Accounting includes the design of accounting systems, preparation of financial statements, audits, cost studies, development of forecasts, income tax work, computer applications to accounting processes, and the analysis and interpretation of accounting information as an aid to making business decisions. 译文: 会计包括 设计 会计制度, 准备 财务报表、 审计账目 和成本 研究报告,展开预测、个人所得税工作和计算机在财务过程中 的运用,分析与解读有助于制定商业决策的会计信息。
考研英语翻译五种转换技巧
考研英语翻译五种转换技巧出国留学考研网为大家提供考研英语翻译五种转换技巧,更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!考研英语翻译五种转换技巧在考研英语翻译中,英译汉时常常有必要改变表达方式,使译文通顺流畅、地道可读。
这种变通技巧就是转换法(shiftofperspective)。
转换的形式多种多样,大体可分为5种:①词类转换,②句子成分转换,③表达方式转换,④自然语序与倒装语序转换;⑤正面表达与反面表达转换。
一、词类转换词类转换是指英语中的某一词类译成汉语时转换成另一词类。
(一)英语名词、介词、形容词或副词转换为汉语动词(1)Thecultivationofahobbyandnewformsofinterestistherefor eapolicyoffirstimportancetoapublicman.因此,对于一个从事社会活动的人来讲,培养一种爱好和新的情趣方式,乃是至关重要的对策。
(2)TheRedArmyMenmarchedonbravelyagainstthepiercingwind.红军冒着刺骨的寒风英勇前进。
(3)Allwereunconsciousthatthisexperiencewasatestofcharact er;and,whenthefirstexcitementwasover,feltthattheyhaddonewell,anddeservedpraise.大家都没有认识到这番经验却是一次个性的考验,最初的兴奋过去以后,又觉得自己已经干得不错了,理应受到赞扬。
(4)Heappearedatherside,breathingaudibly,amomentaftershereachedthestop.Shegazedahead,rigid.她到车站不一会儿,他便出现在她的身旁,听见他喘息的声音。
她凝视着前方,表情严峻。
(5)Yettobothclassestheneedofanalternativeoutlook,ofachangeofatmosphere,ofadiversionofeffort,isessential.然而,对所有这两种类型的人来说,变换一下看法、改变一下环境和转换一下注意力都是最基本的需要。
汉英翻译视角转换
补充材料:英汉、汉英翻译技巧:视角转换(Shift of Perspective)E-C.1. The University of San Francisco is located near the Golden Gate Park.(语态的转换)2. Her parents are both in their seventies.(表达方式的转换)3. If children are so well able to learn their mother tongue, it is precisely because they plunge themselves into the sea of language instead of reading a few textbooks only. (条件状语转换成结果状语)4. You can mass-produce … incredible quantities of facts and figures. You cannot mass-produce knowledge, which is created by individual minds, drawing on individual experience, separating the significant from the irrelevant.(定语从句转换成原因状语从句)5. "Coming!" Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch.(介词转换成动词)6. Highway and air traffic came to a standstill in most of Eastern Washington.(名词转换成动词)7. I believe equally that it is in the interests of the world as a whole that Europe should increasingly unite and speak with a common voice.(词序调整)8. Little did I then know the meaning of war and what it was in reality.(词序调整)9. It is a good workman that never blunders.(反说正译)10. Keep off the lawn!11.That fellow is far from being honest.12.Obviously enough, she thinks otherwise.(正说反译)13 I was like that ship before education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbor was.汉译:我在开始受教育之前,就像这样一条船,只是没有罗盘,没有测深绳,也无法知道离海港有多远。
英译汉翻译技能:转换(Shiftofperspective)2
⼆、句⼦成分转换句⼦成分转换是指英语中的某⼀句⼦成分已成汉语时转换成另⼀种句⼦成分。
1、主语和宾语转换有灵动词:有⽣命的主语接⽆灵动词:⽆⽣命的主语接American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson.托马斯·杰斐逊对美国的教育事业做出了巨⼤贡献。
Her presence of mind had not completely deserted her; but she could not have trusted herself to speak.她虽没有完全失去镇静,可是却⼜找不出话可说。
Brussels fell to him on September 3 and Antwerp the next day.他于 9 ⽉ 3 ⽇攻克了布鲁塞尔,次⽇⼜拿下了安特卫普。
2、定语和宾语转换Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.⾃建国以来,每⼀代美国⼈都被要求宣誓效忠于祖国。
3、定语和状语转换He will give an immediate reply.他会⽴即答复。
三、表达⽅式转换score, dozen, decade, quarterFour score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation.87年She will be back in the last ten days of June.六⽉下旬During the first part of his life, Watt studied weather and storm.年轻时His father is in his sixties.年逾花甲She has been a widow only for six months.他丈夫死了不到半年。
汉译英的方法和技巧
汉译英的方法和技巧
1.增译法:
指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。
这种方式多半用在汉译英里。
2.省译法:
这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。
增译法的例句反之即可。
3.转换法:
由于英汉两种语言在语法和表达方式等方面存在着许多差异,因此英译汉时常常有必要改变表达方式,使译文通顺流畅、地道可读。
这种变通技巧就是转换法(shift of perspective)。
4.合并法:
由于文化上的差异,英译汉时有时直译原文就会使译入语读者感到费解,甚至误解。
这时,就有必要借用汉语中意义相同或相近、且具有自己鲜明文化色彩的表达法对原文加以归化。
归化翻译法常用于处理某些英语成语、典故、形象词语等一类文化色彩较浓的表达方式。
恰
倒好处地归化可以使译文地道简洁、生动活泼,便于译入语读者理解和接受。
英汉翻译技巧视角转换(Shift
E-C英汉翻译技巧:视角转换(Shift of Perspective)The University of San Francisco is located near the Golden Gate Park.旧金山大学座落在金门公园附近。
(语态的转换)(王恩冕、李正中:《大学英汉翻译教程》,对外经济贸易大学出版社)Her parents are both in their seventies.她父母都已年过古稀。
(表达方式的转换)(陈刚)If children are so well able to learn their mother tongue, it is precisely because they plunge themselves into the sea of language instead of reading a few textbooks only.孩子们之所以能把自己的母语学好,恰恰是因为他们投身于语言的海洋之中,而不单单是读几本教科书而已。
(条件状语转换成结果状语)(丁树德:《英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导》,天津大学出版社)You can mass-produce … incredible quantities of facts and figure s. You cannot mass-produce knowledge, which is created by individual minds, drawing on individual experience, separating the significant from the irrelevant.你可以大批制造……数量惊人的事实与数字,但不可能大批生产知识,因为知识是个人头脑用个人经验,经过去伪存真后创造出来的。
(定语从句转换成原因状语从句)(王恩冕、李正中:《大学英汉翻译教程》,对外经济贸易大学出版社)“C oming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch.“来啦!”她转身蹦跳着跑了,越过草地,跑上小径,跨上台阶,穿过凉台,进了门廊。
视角转换ppt课件
6.形象转换
3.表达方式转换
7.抽象与具体转换
4.正面表达与反面表达转换 8.从句转换
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一.词类转换
1.名词转动词 Eg: My suggestion is that he should quit smoking at once.
我建议他立刻戒烟。
2.介词转动词 Eg: The book is beyond my understanding.
我根本读不懂这本书。
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二.句子成分转换
1.表语译为谓语 Eg: We are sure that they will succeed.
我们坚信他们会胜利。
2.状语译为主语 Eg: There are different elements in nature.
自然界有各种不同的元素。
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二.句子成分转换
Shift of Perspective 视角转换
制作人:度上不仅是语言的交流,更是文化之间的交流。 由于英、汉语在产生的背景、经历的历史上有很大的不同, 许多文化的观察视角也就有了很大区别。
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Outline
1.词类转换
5.主动语态与被动语态转换
2.句子成分转换
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六.形象转换
• 形象的转换是指将原语中不符合译语文化的形象转换为译语文化中 惯用的形象,使读者不致产生理解上的困难或误解。 fish in the air 水中捞月 drink like a fish 牛饮 move heaven and earth 想方设法
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七.抽象与具体转换
Eg:1.I was practically on my knees but he still refused. 我几乎是苦苦哀求,但他依然拒绝。
英翻汉的基本技巧
IV.减词(omission)
减词:将原文中需要而译文中又不需要的词语省去。 A.语法需要 英汉两种语言在语法上差异较大,例如:英语有冠词,
而汉语却没有;英语重形合、连接词较多,汉语重意合、 连接词较少;英语中介词丰富,多达280多个,汉语中 介词则较少,只有30来个;英语中经常使用代词,尤其 是经常使用人称代词、关系代词等,而汉语中代词则用 得较少;因此,英译汉时可根据具体情况将冠词、连接 词、介词、代词略去,使译文练达晓畅。例如: (1) I know my friends from the feel of their faces. 我靠触摸脸庞来辨认朋友。 (2) Ice is a solid. If we heat it, it melts and becomes water. 冰是固体,如果加热,就融化成水。
IV.减词(omission)
B.从修饰角度进行减省 为了使译文简洁晓畅、“文约而意丰”
(4)There was no snow, the leaves were
gone from the trees, the grass was dead. 天未下雪,但叶落草枯。 (5) There was not a sound in her---and around us nothing moved, nothing lived, not a canoe on the water, not a bird in the air, not a cloud in the sky.
(一) 转译为动词:
介词转译为动词 The pupils are at their lessons. 学生们正在上课 Spring is in, the river is up. 春天来了,河水涨起来了。
Unit 12英汉翻译中的视角转换
语义翻译
在译入语允许的范围内,尽可能地使译文从 语义和句法上接近原文,将原文确切的上下 文意义翻译出来。
常见介词性否定含蓄词
below beneath beyond under without except within instead
副词
She said idly, “Well, what does it matter?” 她漫不经心地说,“哼,有什么关系?”
反说正译法
某些英语否定词,用汉语的肯定词和肯定句 来表达更能符合汉语表达习惯。 英语双重否定句,除了可以译成汉语双重否 定句外,也可以译成肯定句。
名词
The machine has two serious disadvantages. 那机器有两个严重缺陷。
The dishonesty of the city officials was exposed by the newspaper. 市政官员的欺诈行为被报纸披露。
Unit 12 The Shift of Perspectives in Translation
May, 2013
英汉翻译中的视角转换
正反转换 形象转换
虚实转换
正反转换
Only five customers remained in the bar. 酒吧里只有五个顾客还没有走。
I wrote three books in the first two years, a record never reached before. 我头两年写了三本书,打破了以往的纪录。
Sir Anderson’s spies were not going to lose sight of me. 安德森爵士的密探一直在监视我的行踪。
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E-C
英汉翻译技巧:视角转换(Shift of Perspective)
The University of San Francisco is located near the Golden Gate Park.
旧金山大学座落在金门公园附近。
(语态的转换)
(王恩冕、李正中:《大学英汉翻译教程》,对外经济贸易大学出版社)
Her parents are both in their seventies.
她父母都已年过古稀。
(表达方式的转换)
(陈刚)
If children are so well able to learn their mother tongue, it is precisely because they plunge themselves into the sea of language instead of reading a few textbooks only.
孩子们之所以能把自己的母语学好,恰恰是因为他们投身于语言的海洋之中,而不单单是读几本教科书而已。
(条件状语转换成结果状语)
(丁树德:《英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导》,天津大学出版社)
You can mass-produce … incredible quantities of facts and figure s. You cannot mass-produce knowledge, which is created by individual minds, drawing on individual experience, separating the significant from the irrelevant.
你可以大批制造……数量惊人的事实与数字,但不可能大批生产知识,因为知识是个人头脑用个人经验,经过去伪存真后创造出来的。
(定语从句转换成原因状语从句)(王恩冕、李正中:《大学英汉翻译教程》,对外经济贸易大学出版社)
“C oming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch.
“来啦!”她转身蹦跳着跑了,越过草地,跑上小径,跨上台阶,穿过凉台,进了门廊。
(介词转换成动词)
(许建平:《英汉互译实践与技巧》,清华大学出版社)
Highway and air traffic came to a standstill in most of Eastern Washington.
华盛顿州大部分地区的公路交通和空中航线都已陷入停顿。
(名词转换成动词)
(《新实用英译汉教程》)
I believe equally that it is in the interests of the world as a whole that Europe should increasingly unite and speak with a common voice.
我同样认为,欧洲应该日益团结起来,并且用一个共同的声音说话,这是符合全世界的利益的。
(词序调整)
(许建平:《英汉互译实践与技巧》,清华大学出版社)
Little did I then know the meaning of war and what it was in reality.
当时我确实不大懂得战争的意义以及战争实际上是怎么回事。
(词序调整)
(许建平:《英汉互译实践与技巧》,清华大学出版社)
It is a good workman that never blunders.
智者千虑,必有一失。
(反说正译)
(许建平:《英汉互译实践与技巧》,清华大学出版社)
Keep off the lawn!
请勿践踏草地!(正说反译)
(华先发:《新实用英译汉教程》,湖北教育出版社)。