词类转换1
英语单词词根词缀和词性转换(1)
英语单词词根词缀和词性转换英语中常见的后缀一、名词性后缀1，-age为抽象名词后缀，表示行为，状态和全体总称percentage百分数，百分率，voltage电压，伏特数，lavage灌洗，洗，出法，gavage管词法，curettage刮除法，shortage不足，缺少。
2，-cy表示抽象名词accuracy 准确，精确度，infancy婴儿期。
3，-ence、-ance表示性质和动作difference不同，interference干扰，干预，influence影响，感化，occurrence发出，出现，violence激烈，暴力，existence存在，significance意义，意味。
4，-ency、-ancy抽象名词后缀difficiency不足，不全，tendency趋势，趋向，frequency频率，pregnancy妊娠，emergency 紧急，急救，fluency流利，流畅，sufficiency足够，充足，constancy坚定，经久不变。
5，-er表示…人、…者diameter直径，receiver接收者，接受者，carrier 携带者，beginner初学者，创始人，reader读者，shutter 快门，goiter甲状腺肿。
6，-ics 表示…科学psdiatrics儿科学，psychiatrics精神病学，obstetrics产科学，orthopdics矫形科学，auristrics耳科学，gnathostomatics口腔生理学，andriatrics男性医学，男性科。
7，-ian表示人称名词physician医师，内科医师，technician技术员8，-ication 由动词变化而来的抽象名词，常译为…化simplification 简化，calcification钙化，classification分类，分级， communication 交流，交往。
9，-ing由动词变化而来的动名词nursing护理，typing分型，分类，mapping绘制…图，bleeding出血，vomiting呕吐，softening变软，functioning使器官活动，使器官有功能，positioning 把…放在适当的位置，mathching和…相配，imaging成像。
词类转换——精选推荐
Conversion 词类转换I. Conversion into Chinese verbA. Convert English noun into Chinese verba) Convert English common noun into Chinese verb1. We are enemies of all wars.我们反对一切战争。
2. Differences between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their co-operation.社会制度的不同不应妨碍互相合作。
3. Electric power became the servant of man only after the motor was invented.电动机发明后，电力才开始为人类服务。
C-E：汉语动词转换为英语名词4. 从我们学校可以看到辽阔的大海..A view of the vast ocean can be obtained from our school.5.你必须好好照顾病人。
Y ou must take good care of the patient.b）convert English noun implying the sense of action that is converted from English verb into Chinese verb1. The war in Iraq is a drain on American resources伊拉克战争耗费了美国的资源。
2. He made no mention of the car accident.他没有提到那场车祸。
C-E 汉语中的动词转换为英语中（带有动作含义）的名词3. 他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。
In his speech he laid special stress on raising the quality of the products.4. 只要看一眼这封信，你就会明白你上当了。
词性转换 (一)well done
词性转换（一）一；用作名词1.But Jane knew from past experience that her (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. (2009)2. We should consider the (important) of this matter seriously.3. We felt a great sense of (achieve) when we finally entered the key universities.二；用作形容词1.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their （nature）course. (2008)2. Mary felt (please), because there were many empty seats in the room .3. Having sports makes us (health) and strong.三；用作副词1.We drank together and talked （merry）till far into the night. (2007)2. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. (2010)3.He must be (mental) disabled. (2011)4. (luck) , the hero died in a car accident two years ago.四；（1）词性不变，需要词根前加un, im, in, il, ir, dis等或在词根后加less等（2）若括号给出动词，也可能考虑词类转换，若给出形容词或副词，有可能考察其比较级和最高级1. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be (sweet).”(2010)2. But he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” （high）。
转换法
3、英语表示感觉和心里状态的形容词 汉 语动词 They are quite content with the data obtained from the experiment. 他们对实验中所获得的数据相当满意。 If you are ignorant of the importance of translation, you will not like it. 假如不了解翻译的重要性，你就不会喜翻译。 We became aware of a peculiar smell in the room. 我们发现房间里有一股特别的气味。
四、英语主语
汉语谓语
这一转换法主要用于翻译英语以具有动作含义的名词（如 attempt,attention,emphasis,care,choice,improvement,inspection,nee d,talk,thought等），作主语的句子。 In every corner of the country, talk of the Olimpic Games of 2008 in Beijing is in the air. 全国各个角落都在谈论2008年北京奥运会。 There is a great need for college graduates in industry. 工业战线很需要大学毕业生。 The prevention of certain types of cancer is distinctly within the realm of possibility. 某些种类的癌症显然是可以预防的。
三，英语主语 汉语定语 The proton has considerably more mass than electron. 质子的质量比电子大得多。 Gold has an advantage in that it cannot react with oxygen. 金子 的优势是不不容易和氧气反应。
汉英翻译课件之 汉英翻译之词类转换
8 No violation of this principle can be tolerated. 7 决不允许违反这个原 9 The turning point of my life 则。 was my decision to give up 8 我的生活转折点是我 是我 promising business career and 决定：不再做生财有 决定 study music. 望的商人而专攻音乐。 10 His arrival at this 9 他得出这一结论是深 conclusion was the result of 思熟虑的结果。 much thought.
11他们在工作中非常注 意理论联系实际。 12 徐悲鸿画马，画得特 别好。
12 In their work, they pay much attention to the combination of theory with practice. 13 Xu Beihong’s drawing of horses are exceptionally good.
10 随着国际社会对中 国的关注日益提升，越 来越多的外国人开始对 中国和中国文化感兴趣， 学习汉语的人数也与日 俱增。
11 With the increase of attention paid to China by the international community, more and more foreigners begin to take interest in China and Chinese language , and the number of people learning the Chinese language is growing.
1 他在战斗中表现突出， 受到连长(company commander)的表扬。 2 只要看一眼这封信， 你就会明白你上当了。
词类的转换——作业1
词类的转换一、转换成汉语动词1、名词转换成动词1)The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labor productivity.2)Computers can provide analyses of every operation in a factory.3)Primary forces have certain valuations that must be considered in any design.4)Integrated circuits are fairly recent development.2、形容词转换成动词1)Copper wire is flexible.2)Television is different from radio in that it sends and receives pictures.3)If extremely low-cost power were ever to become available from large nuclear powerplants, electrolytic hydrogen would become competitive.4)Heat is a form of energy into which all other forms are convertible.3、介词转换成动词1)The letter E is commonly used for electromotive force.2)Except for atomic energy, all forms of energy used by man are from the sun.3)So long as we have means of producing heat we can keep the steam engine at work.4、副词转换成动词1)The electric current flows through the circuit with the switch on.2)Open the valve to let air in.3)We are through with our test report.二、转换为汉语名词1、动词转换成名词1)The electronic computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and rapid computations.2)An electric current varies directly as the electromotive force and inversely as the resistance.3)The design aims at automatic operation, easy regulation, simple maintenance and highproductivity.2、形容词转换成名词1)People are so much more flexible and inventive than robots.2)Some people think tomorrow’s computers will be intelligent.3)In fission processes the fission fragments are very radioactive.3、代词转换成名词1)Radio waves are similar to light waves except that their wave-length is much greater.2)The specific resistance of iron is not so small as that of copper.3)Electricity may be produced by a generator which is turned by a motor using any of theother forms of energy.4、副词转换成名词1)The quality of the operating system determines how useful the computer is.2)Electromagnetic waves travel as fast as light.3)The instrument is used to determine how fully the batteries are charged.4)The device is shown schematically in Figure 1.三、转换成汉语形容词1、副词转换成形容词1)Robotics is so closely associated with cybernetics that it is sometimes mistakenlyconsidered to be synonymous.2)Miniature gas detector is chiefly featured by small size, light weight, complete functionsand long continuous working time.3)Gases and liquids are perfectly elastic.2、名词转换成形容词1)The nuclear power system designed in China is of great precision.2)Electronic computers and microprocessors are of great importance to us.3)Single crystals of high perfection are an absolute necessity for the fabrication of integratedcircuit.四、转换成汉语副词1、形容词转换成副词1)The engine has given a constantly good performance.2)The same principles of low internal resistance also apply to milliammeters.3) A graph gives a visual representation of the relationship.2、其他词类转换成副词。
03-02 词类转换 - 词的翻译 - 德汉互译
例 4：- 名词转换为动词 „a) Die Stationierung von Streikräften in Deutschland und den Schutz der Sicherheit dieser Streitkräfte ...“
参考译文： “1.在德国驻扎武装部队和保护这些 武装部队的安全„„”
例 5：- 形容词转换为动词
Der Schlafwagenkondukteur kommt dienstlich herein ...
(„Das Eisenbahnunglück“)
参考译文：原文形容词：“dienstlich”→ 译文动词：“执行”
德语形容词转换成 汉语名词或动词
Übersetzen vom Deutschen ins Chinesische bzw. vom Chinesischen ins Deutsche
例 1：- 形容词转换为名词
Wä hrend fü die mechanische Produktion die r Formverä nderung typisch ist, besteht das Wesen der chemischen Produktion in der Verä nderung der stoffliche Zusammensetzung der Werkstoffe.
参考译文： 发展教育事业是实现一个国 家现代化的一个重要方面。
提示：Entwicklung和 Verwirklichung均为动名词， 译成“发展”与“实现”两个 动词。Modernisierung也是动 名词，但在句中有明显的名称 作用，故不译为动词。
直译（不符合汉语习惯）： 教育事业的发展是一个国家现代化 实现的一个重要方面。
第八章英语翻译中的词类转换(课堂讲练) (1)
第八章法律英语词汇翻译方法（课堂讲练）本章教学目标：了解法律英语翻译中词类转换若干基本方法。
一、法律词汇英汉互译中的词类转换英汉词汇分类大致相当，但鉴于不同的表达习惯，在翻译时不能苛求词类相当，否则可能导致译文意义晦涩，不知所云。
例1、1）、Preference shareholders are entitled to a priority in the assets if the company is wound up.译文：如果公司被解散，优先股东有优先分得公司资产的权利。
说明：“Preference Shareholders”，意为“shareholders having priority over Ordinary Shareholders for the dividend (the part of the money which is divided among shareholders) and assets allocation.”本句中的介词“in”如直译为“在—里”，显然拗口，这里就存在着词类转换，即把英语的介词转换为动词。
2）、The “Events of Default”, as used in this Contract, shall mean the occurrence, from time to time, of any of the following circumstances.译文：合同中使用的“违约事项”是指发生以下情形—说明：本句的“occurrence”本为名词，但在译成汉语时，转换成动词较译成“发生”更通达。
所以，为使翻译的译文更加通顺，符合其本身的表达习惯，必要时，就应进行词类转换，在英汉互译过程当中，最常见的就是名词与动词的转换，具体而言，在英译汉时，名词转译为动词最常见，这与汉语语句习惯叠加动词，以致同一句中谓语动词“群雄并立“，而英语句子中只有主要谓语动词”一枝独秀“，其余动词只能转为动名词的不同表达习惯紧密相关。
8.词类转译
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8. 词类转译——汉译英的词类转换
2. 名词转译为动词
1) 结婚戒指是夫妇结合的象征。 A wedding ring symbolizes the union of husband and wife. 2) 工厂必须把增加产量作为自己的目标。 The factory must aim at an increase in production.
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8. 词类转译——英译汉的词类转换
2. 动词转译为名词
A. 名词派生的动词 1) An interest in people’s deepest feelings characterizes all her writings. 对人们最深沉感情的关注，是她所有著作的特征。 2) She personifies beauty and grace.
她是美丽与优雅的化身。
B. 名词转用的动词 1） You can see what a Dodo looked like from the picture. 你可从照片中得知渡渡鸟的模样。 2） These exercises are designed to strengthen the muscles. 这些锻炼的目的是为了增强肌肉。
1） We have ruled out tool use and invention as ways of telling animal behavior from human behavior.
我们已经把使用和发明工具，从区分动物和人类行为的方法 中排除出去了。 2）Another way of dealing with enemies is either to have a very good protection or to be able to escape quickly. 还有一种对付敌人的方式是，要么防卫可靠，要么能够迅 速逃跑。
词类转换练习1
Translate the following sentence. Pay attention to the words itilized. They would be translted by conversion.An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.熟悉世界历史有助于研究时事。
With the passage of time, my admiration for him grew more and more.随着时间的推移，我越来越钦佩他。
No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the old generation back to 36 years ago.难怪这情景会使相当多的老一辈的记忆回到36年前。
I buried my head under the miserable sheet and rug, and cried like a child.我把头埋在被单和毯子里，像孩子一样哭了起来。
The thief made a trembling confession of his wrongdoing.这个小偷颤抖着坦白了自己的错事。
Although she is an American, she is a lover of Chinese painting.尽管她是一个美国人，但是她很喜欢中国画。
Please don’t get on or off the bus before it comes to a full stop.在车没有完全停稳之前，请不要上下车。
She throws him a grateful glance and leaves without saying anything.她感激地瞥了他一眼，什么也没说就离开了。
词类转换法
其他转换
adj—adv。He had a careful study of the map before he started off.// Can you give an accurate translation of the sentence. Noun—adv: He had the honour to attend the congress. The man nodded with satisfaction. Adv—noun: It was officially announced that they agreed on a reply to the Soviet Union. 官方宣布，他们就给苏联的复信取得了一致的意见。
而我们这些小国将会发现，资本主义就其本性而言，就是帝国主义，就 是剥削，我们小国会变成欧美资本主义国家和卫星国。
英语的名词和介词-----汉语的动词
由于汉语的动词使用频率大大高于英语，因此，在英汉翻译中，常把名 词、介词转换为动词。
1.The growing awareness by millions of Africans of their extremely poor and backward living conditions has prompted them to take resolute measures and create new ones.
Adj---noun:Official Cairo is taking pains to create impression as if its relations with East have remained untouched. 开罗官方千方百计想制造一种印象，好象它同东方国家的关系仍然没有受到影响。
词类转换
词类转换词类转换是指英语中的某一词类译成汉语时转换成另一词类。
（一）英语名词、介词、形容词或副词转换为汉语动词(1) The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of first importance toa public man. 因此，对于一个从事社会活动的人来讲，培养一种爱好和新的情趣方式，乃是至关重要的对策。
(2) The Red Army Men marched on bravely against the piercing wind. 红军冒着刺骨的寒风英勇前进。
(3) All were unconscious that this experience was a test of character; and, when the first excitement was over, felt that they had done well, and deserved praise. 大家都没有认识到这番经验却是一次个性的考验，最初的兴奋过去以后，又觉得自己已经干得不错了，理应受到赞扬。
(4) He appeared at her side, breathing audibly, a moment after she reached the stop. She gazed ahead, rigid. 她到车站不一会儿，他便出现在她的身旁，听见他喘息的声音。
她凝视着前方，表情严峻。
(5) Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. 然而，对所有这两种类型的人来说，变换一下看法、改变一下环境和转换一下注意力都是最基本的需要。
英语单词词性转换方法法
英语单词词性转换方法法英语单词词性转换方法法词性指以词的特点作为划分词类的根据。
英语单词词性转化有着一些基本规律，下面由店铺分享给大家!.动词(v.)→形容词(adj.)(a)动词后面加able,以e结尾的动词则去e加able,表示具有此性质,特点或属性. 例如: afford-affordable;love-lovable(b)动词后面加ed,以e结尾的动词则直接加d,表示被动性的属性或特点. 例如: scatter-scattered use-used(c)不规则的动词则必须记忆,记住其过去分词形式.规律不大,意义同(b)..名词(n.)→形容词(adj.)(a)在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词) 例如: rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy, wind—windy, snow—snowy, health—healthy, luck—lucky,anger—angry guilt—guilty(内疚的) tourist—touristy(游客多的) , salt (盐)—salty (咸的)silk(丝绸)—silky(丝绸般的), sleep—sleepy (昏昏欲睡的)注意:1)如果以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母,这时应双写辅音字母再加"-y".如: sun—sunny, fun—funny, fog—foggy(有雾的), fur—furry(毛皮的)2)少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时,应去掉e再加"-y".如: noise—noisy, ice—icy, shine—shiny(发亮的), taste(口味)—tasty(甜的)(b)名词后面加-ed,以e结尾的直接加d.例如: spot(斑点)—spotted(有斑点的); talent—talented (有天赋的) organize—organized 有组织的; balance—balanced(平衡的)(c)一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词例如:care—careful, thank—thankful, help—helpful,use—useful, meaning—meaningful(d)在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义的形容词例如:care—careless(粗心的), use—useless(无用的)hope—hopeless(没希望的)，home—homeless(无家可归的)(e)一些以-ce结尾的名词,把-ce改为-t变成形容词例如: difference—different, silence—silent, confidence—confident(f).在名词后加-ly变为形容词例如: friend—friendly, love—lovely, live---lively(g).在名词后加-ous变为形容词例如: danger—dangerous(h)名词后面加-al变为形容词例如: music—musical; medicine—medical (这个比较特殊)(i)名词后面加-able变为形容词,如果以e结尾就去e再加"-able". 例如: adjust—adjustable 可调整的. value—valuable有价值的(j)名词后面加-en变成形容词例如: wood—wooden 木制的 wool—woolen 羊毛的.动词(v.)→名词(n.)(a)词形不变,词性改变例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作动词(工作,学习,浇水,种植),也可以用作名词(工作,学习,水,植物).(b)一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示"某一类人"的名词例如:work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer,jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner,visit—visitor, invent—inventor,collect—collector等.注意:1)以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-r.例如:drive—driver, write—writer等.2)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er例如：run—runner, win—winner,begin—beginner等.(c)在动词词尾加上-ment 变成名词例如:achieve—achievement (成就)advertise—advertisement//advertising(广告)agree—agreement disgree—disagreementamuse—amusement (娱乐) improve—improvement(争吵)commit(奉献)—commitment develop—development (发展) depart—department (局,部) govern(统治)—government(政府) manage—management (管理) equip—equipment (装备)有些单词比较特殊,需把动词后的e去掉再加ment.例如:argue—argument(争论)(d)在动词词尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion变成名词例如: attract—attraction; instruct—instruction;invent—invention discuss—discussion;express—expression educate—education;graduate—graduation; operate—operation (去e再加"ion") compete—competition; organize—organization (把e改成其他字母再加"tion") decide—decision conclude—conclusion (把de 改为s再加"ion")describe—description描写,描绘 (这是特例,不规则变化)(e)在动词词尾加上-ance变成名词例如: appear—appearance (外貌;出现)perform—performance (演出)accept—acceptance (接受)(f)在动词词尾加-ing变成名词 (方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同)例如:meet—meeting build—building wait—waiting bathe—bathing say—saying(谚语) mean—meaningend —ending train —training wash—washing 注意:以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing如:swim—swimming shop—shopping begin—beginning(g)其他一些比较特殊的变化例如: Beg(乞讨)—beggar(乞丐) behave(行为举止)—behavior know(知道)—knowledge(知识) fly—flight (飞行)heat (加热)—heat(热量) hit (撞击)—hit( 轰动一时的人或物,碰撞) mix (混合)—mixture(混合物) press(按,压)—pressure(压力) sit(坐)—seat (座位) succeed—success(成功)tour—tour(旅游)/ tourist (游客)形容词→副词一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词。
词类转换法
词类转换法
词类转换法是指将一个词从一个词类转换成另一个词类，以便更好地
表达意思。
这种方法可以帮助我们更好地理解和使用语言，使我们的表达
更加准确和生动。
以下是一些常见的词类转换：1. 名词转动词：通过在
名词前加上动词“to be”或“to do”，将名词转换为动词。
例如，“love”是一个名词，但是可以转换为动词“to love”。
2. 动词转名词：通过在动词前加上“-ing”或“-tion”等后缀，将动词转换为名词。
例如，“run”是一个动词，但是可以转换为名词“running”。
3. 形容词
转副词：通过在形容词后加上“-ly”后缀，将形容词转换为副词。
例如，“quick”是一个形容词，但是可以转换为副词“quickly”。
4. 副词转
形容词：通过在副词前加上“-y”或“-al”等后缀，将副词转换为形容词。
例如，“slowly”是一个副词，但是可以转换为形容词“slow”。
5. 名词转形容词：通过在名词前加上形容词或介词短语，将名词转换为形容词。
例如，“sun”是一个名词，但是可以转换为形容词“sunny”。
通过
词类转换法，我们可以更好地理解和使用语言，使我们的表达更加准确和
生动。
英汉互译——转换 (Shift of perspective)
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I’m low IQ, you know. 我很笨； low EQ(吃不开)；low AQ(沉不住气)
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There is always a place for you at your table.
请你随时来吃便饭。
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四、正面表达与反面表达转换——正反译法
She will be back in the last ten days of
June.
六月下旬
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During the first part of his life, Watt studied weather and storm.年轻时
His father is in his sixties.年逾花甲
A person who does a regrettable action is often regretful afterwards.
行为不检点的人，日后往往要后悔。
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The naughty boy is far from honest and his excuse is pretty thin.
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五、被动语态与主动语态转换（转态译法）
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The coffee is too sweet to bear. 咖啡甜得让人受不了。
Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you?
你想知道她为什么不想见到你？
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Her husband hates to see her stony face. 她丈夫不愿意见到她那张面无表情的脸。
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7) under 客观的具有； under the policy under the assumption
英汉翻译中的词类转换
On weekends, they usually give the classroom a thorough cleaning. 他们通常在周末把教室彻底地打扫一番。
切坏事的化身。
转换成名词的情况——形容词转换成名词
1）英语中，当形容词前加上定冠词the 时，常 转换成名词
They did their best to help the sick and the wound. 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。
The rich or the poor, all share the equal rights of receiving higher education. 不论是富人还是换成名形容词
2）英语动词译成汉语名词时，修饰该动词的副 词可译作形容词。
The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man. 太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响。
转换成形容词的情况—副词和名词的相互转换
了他们的一些好感。
other forms
其它词类的转换——形容词和副词的相互转换
由于英语的名词或动词可以分别转换为汉 语的动词和名词，而修饰名词的形容词和修饰 动词的副词也可以随之转换为汉语的副词和形 容词。
转换成形容词的情况——副词转换成名形容词
1）英语名词译作汉语动词时， 修饰该名词的形 容词可译作汉语副词。
英语中的很多介词有很强的动作感。 虽然理论上属于虚词，但在实践中常 常可以表示动作行为的进展状态和程 度，发挥动词的作用。
英语翻译中的词类转换转译技巧（1）
英语和汉语⽐较起来，汉语中动词⽤得⽐较多，这是⼀个特点，往往在英语句⼦中只⽤⼀个谓语动词，⽽在汉语中却可以⼏个动词或动词性结构连⽤。
例如，在He admires the President's stated decision to fight for the job. （他对总统声明为保住其职位⽽决⼼奋⽃表⽰钦佩）中，英语的谓语动词只有admires⼀个词，其他⽤的是过去分词（stated）、动词派⽣名词（decision）、不定式（to fight）和介词（for）等。
汉语没有词形变化，但可以⼏个动词连⽤。
因此，英语中不少词类（尤其是名词、介词、形容词和副词）在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。
（⼀）名词转译成动词 1. 由动词派⽣的名词转译成动词，在政论⽂体中出现⽐较多。
如： 1） The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israeli's right to exist. （1967年联合国⽂件要求在以⾊列撤出所占的⼟地以及阿拉伯承认以⾊列的⽣存权利的基础上来解决中东冲突。
） 2） Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. （⽕箭已经⽤来探索宇宙。
） 2.含有动作意味的名词（在记叙、描写⽂体中出现较多）往往可以转译成动词。
如： 1） The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. （看到我们的喷⽓式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。
翻译方法—词性转换讲解
我未必会教你游泳，我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。
O. Henry is the creator of a new short story genre in literature.
（3）在一些短语当中，作为中心词的名词往往也可 以翻译成为动词
The next news bulletin, short than usual, made no mention of the demonstration.
下一个新闻节目比通常的要短，没有提到游行。
另外，在to have a good rest, to have a look at等短语， rest和look也都可以译为动词。
除非人类终于意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度：使地球能为 所有的人提供足够的饮食，否则将不得不接受更多的"人造食 品"。 （在原文中sense是名词，作has的宾语，但在have the sense (of sth./to do sth.)中sense是习语的主体，故译成汉语 时常可转译为动词"意识到"。）
难怪老一辈的人见了这个就会想到36年前的往事。
One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world.
•由于世界普遍缺乏粮食，这就直接影响到科威特和其它沙漠国 家。
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介词的转换
They believe that the normalization of relations between the two countries is not only in the interest of the Chinese and American people but also contributes to the relaxation of tension in Asia and the world.
building costs, McDonald’s profited in ways that none of its competitors could match.
形容词的 转换
• 1 We are especially thankful to you for arranging the meeting for us with the Machinery Trading Delegation at such short notice.
• 2 I shall be very glad if you and other Chinese friends are able to visit our country in the future, so that we will have the chance to be host and return some of your kindness.
由形容词派生的英语名词 转换成汉语形容词
1: We are immensely impressed by the splendor and warmth of our reception at the Great Hall of the People.
2: We are deeply convinced of the correctness of this policy ……
…and that government of the people ,by the people ,for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
The Kremlin is turning westward for capital and technology. The main reason behind business pessimism is the continued
翻译微观篇：词类转换
名词的转换
英语名词转换成汉语动词： 1：The new situation requires the formation of a new
strategy. 2：The UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle
East conflicts on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israel’s right to exist.
journey. • 4. The paper said editorially that China has
successfully survived a world wide financial crisis.
冠词 的转换
• 1. The children are of an age. • 2. EDI is one way of doing business today---- it will
be the way of doing business tomorrow.
连词的 转换
• 1. Five and five is ten. • 2. The distance is four kilometers or 2.4856 miles. • 3. Let them call themselves Taiwan and we will
形容词的 转换
• 3. Fair treatment of China by its trading partners could lead to a new era of cooperation and warmer relations on all levels between China and other WTO members.
sympathy. • 8 .The car is due for a new name before American
introduction.
副词的 转换
• 1. The manager will be back in about an hour. • 2. when the crops are in, they start autumn sowing. • 3. The President has prepared meticulously for his
I have the honor to inform you that your application has been accepted.
介词的转换
Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.
作表语的英语名词译为汉语时转换 成相应的形容词
Both sidBiblioteka s agree that the meeting was a success.
英语名词可根据汉语的表达习惯译作副 词
When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist ,his instinct is to win him over with charm.
动词的转换
• 1 Trade union leaders claimed that some of their members had been victimized by being dismissed.
• 2 The audience laughed the speaker down. • 3 He lunched me well at a restaurant yesterday. • 4 As long as the returns from new stores were higher than its
invite them.
The end!
• 4. The American people hailed the program for greater Sino-US trade.
• 5. The new contract would be good for ten years.
形容词的 转换
• 6.He was in a clear minority. • 7 .Your President doesn’t try to hide his British
英语名词转换成汉语动 词
3：But in reality I am a great admirer of the Japanese.
4: They gave the winning team one more cheer at the close of the football game.
5：They fell in love with each other at first sight.