《英语诗歌鉴赏》PPT课件
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I Hear America Singing英文诗歌鉴赏ppt课件
.
theme
• From urban to rural, from sea to land, creative labor exists everywhere, which is the core of American dream.
• The poem consists of Whiteman’s all concepts of modern people and life : singing for the flourishing and democratic America, showing the dignity and greatness of the workers, full of
optimistic attitudes to life and the world.
.
My reflection
the poet envisions a country of people working for the greater good of mankind.
the pure sensuousness, the direct physicality of these words and images both shocked and liberated his audiences.
I Hear America Singing
——Walt Whitman
.
America's first "poet of democracy"
•American poet, essayist ,journalist, and humanist •The father of free verse •Main article: Leaves of Grass
theme
• From urban to rural, from sea to land, creative labor exists everywhere, which is the core of American dream.
• The poem consists of Whiteman’s all concepts of modern people and life : singing for the flourishing and democratic America, showing the dignity and greatness of the workers, full of
optimistic attitudes to life and the world.
.
My reflection
the poet envisions a country of people working for the greater good of mankind.
the pure sensuousness, the direct physicality of these words and images both shocked and liberated his audiences.
I Hear America Singing
——Walt Whitman
.
America's first "poet of democracy"
•American poet, essayist ,journalist, and humanist •The father of free verse •Main article: Leaves of Grass
英语诗歌鉴赏--Appreciation of English Poems(课堂PPT)
恐怕我难以再回返。
也许多少年后在某个地方,
我将轻声叹息把往事回顾,
一片树林里分出两条路,
而我选了人迹更少的一条,
从此决定了我一生的道路。
11
Exercises
Ⅰ. Vocabulary Explain the definitions of the following italic words in the
6
STOPPING BY WOODS ON A SNOWY EVENING
He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake. The only other sound’s the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake.
time, place and condition. Time: the darkest evening of the year Place: between the woods and frozen lake Condition: dark and snowy 3.The speaker in poem 1 stopped by the woods because (B). A.he is tired of traveling B.he is attracted by the view C.he has lost his way
To watch his woods fill up with snow.
My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farm house near Between the woods and frozen lake
也许多少年后在某个地方,
我将轻声叹息把往事回顾,
一片树林里分出两条路,
而我选了人迹更少的一条,
从此决定了我一生的道路。
11
Exercises
Ⅰ. Vocabulary Explain the definitions of the following italic words in the
6
STOPPING BY WOODS ON A SNOWY EVENING
He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake. The only other sound’s the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake.
time, place and condition. Time: the darkest evening of the year Place: between the woods and frozen lake Condition: dark and snowy 3.The speaker in poem 1 stopped by the woods because (B). A.he is tired of traveling B.he is attracted by the view C.he has lost his way
To watch his woods fill up with snow.
My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farm house near Between the woods and frozen lake
人教新课标高中英语选修6Unit 2 POEM reading 诗歌鉴赏(共43张PPT)
三、What are the characteristics of poems? Can you give me some examples? Poems have beats. They may rhyme or may not rhyme ['raim] — but they have to have rhythms. ['riðəm] This beat is not always obvious, but it’s usually there.
On and on the river flows
望夫处,江悠悠。
Never looking back,
化为石,不回头。
Transformed into stone.
山头日日风复雨, 行人归来石应语。
Day by day upon the mountain top,
wind and rain revolve.
I saw a fish-pond all on fire Our first football match
I saw a fish-pond all on fire,
We would have won…
I saw a house bow to a squire,
If Jack had scored that goal,
If we’d had just a few more minutes,
if we had trained harder,
if Ben had passed the ball to Joe, If we’d had thousands of fans
screaming, If I hadn’t taken my eye off the
英语诗歌翻译鉴赏剖析PPT课件
第20页/共74页
(2)诗歌翻译的第二步就是“传音”
3.扬抑抑格即每个音步由一个重读音节和两个非重读音节构 成。如课本313页的例3.
4.抑抑扬格(Anapest),即每个音步由两个非重读音节加 上一个重读音节构成。如课本313页的例4.
第4页/共74页
此外,根据诗行的长短、即音步的多少,可分为8种音步: 一音步(monometer),二音步(dimeter),三音步 (trimeter),四音步(tetrameter),五音步 (pentameter),六音步(hexameter), 七音步 (heptameter)和八音步(octameter)。
创造性原则要求译者抓住原诗的精髓,摈弃有 碍原诗意境再现的一切束缚,将这种精髓完全传 达出来。创造性和忠实性也并非两个对立的概念/共74页
3.“三美”原则——意美,音美,形美
许渊冲先生在《毛泽东诗词四十二首》英法格律体译文 序言中提出诗词翻译“三美论”,认为诗歌翻译不但要传达诗 歌的意美,还要尽可能传达它的音美和形美。(方梦之:译学 词典)
诗歌是一种令其浑身冰冷到无法温暖的东西。 ——狄金森
诗歌令我或笑或哭或疲倦,令我的脚趾摆动,令我想做这做那或什么 都不做。
——托马斯
第7页/共74页
诗歌是一种表达诗人内心情感和内在思想的音乐。 它在文化交流中起着重要的作用,帮助人们更深 入的了解某一种文化。因此不同国家间的诗歌翻 译十分重要。
美国诗人及评论家罗伯特.弗洛斯说过:“诗歌是翻译 中的遗失地带。”他特别指出诗歌是一种不可触碰的 美,一旦触碰,这种美就会消失殆尽。这种诗歌不可 译观点在某种程度上是正确的。
其重点在于“字字传神”
以下是一首唐诗名字的三种不同译本,通过对这些译本 标题翻译的比较来揭示意美的实现方式。
(2)诗歌翻译的第二步就是“传音”
3.扬抑抑格即每个音步由一个重读音节和两个非重读音节构 成。如课本313页的例3.
4.抑抑扬格(Anapest),即每个音步由两个非重读音节加 上一个重读音节构成。如课本313页的例4.
第4页/共74页
此外,根据诗行的长短、即音步的多少,可分为8种音步: 一音步(monometer),二音步(dimeter),三音步 (trimeter),四音步(tetrameter),五音步 (pentameter),六音步(hexameter), 七音步 (heptameter)和八音步(octameter)。
创造性原则要求译者抓住原诗的精髓,摈弃有 碍原诗意境再现的一切束缚,将这种精髓完全传 达出来。创造性和忠实性也并非两个对立的概念/共74页
3.“三美”原则——意美,音美,形美
许渊冲先生在《毛泽东诗词四十二首》英法格律体译文 序言中提出诗词翻译“三美论”,认为诗歌翻译不但要传达诗 歌的意美,还要尽可能传达它的音美和形美。(方梦之:译学 词典)
诗歌是一种令其浑身冰冷到无法温暖的东西。 ——狄金森
诗歌令我或笑或哭或疲倦,令我的脚趾摆动,令我想做这做那或什么 都不做。
——托马斯
第7页/共74页
诗歌是一种表达诗人内心情感和内在思想的音乐。 它在文化交流中起着重要的作用,帮助人们更深 入的了解某一种文化。因此不同国家间的诗歌翻 译十分重要。
美国诗人及评论家罗伯特.弗洛斯说过:“诗歌是翻译 中的遗失地带。”他特别指出诗歌是一种不可触碰的 美,一旦触碰,这种美就会消失殆尽。这种诗歌不可 译观点在某种程度上是正确的。
其重点在于“字字传神”
以下是一首唐诗名字的三种不同译本,通过对这些译本 标题翻译的比较来揭示意美的实现方式。
人教新课标高中英语选修6Unit 2 POEM reading 诗歌鉴赏(共43张PPT)
三、What are the characteristics of poems? Can you give me some examples? Poems have beats. They may rhyme or may not rhyme ['raim] — but they have to have rhythms. ['riðəm] This beat is not always obvious, but it’s usually there.
• 顶针诗每一句的最后4个字又作第二句诗的开头4个 字或3个字。14个字的2句话,能演变成28个字的4 句话,这就是“顶针诗”。
• 探君归来步缓慢,来步缓慢醉梦微。 • 醉梦微醒鸡报晓,醒鸡报晓探君归。 • 一字诗一瓣心香一瓣荷,一泓秋水一泓波。
一池碧叶一池影,一路风光一路歌。
• 打油诗《早朝赋雄雉》【明代】朱元璋 • 鸡叫一声撅一撅,鸡叫两声撅两撅。 • 三声唤出扶桑日,扫退残星与晓月。
• 宝塔诗
• 蝶, 俏丽,高洁。 花下舞,水边歇。 飞上琼阁,落于玉阶。 老庄托梦幻,梁祝恨离别。 春色采来酿蜜,韶光留住成结。 美人团扇笑相戏,素手轻捉趣与谐。
• • • •
二、英诗的种类
从诗的内容和形式两方面看,英诗可分为: 1史诗( Epic) [ˈepik ] 2戏剧诗( Dramatic poems) 这四种为叙事诗
Tang poems
H
•
Go throu the tape about poem A,find the words that
1.掌握几种简单的英文诗体风格及创作手法 2.学会欣赏并尝试写简单的英语诗歌
方法引领
速读,细读,对比,赏析,有韵律 有节奏的朗读
人教版高中英语选修6:诗歌鉴赏课件
mention? What are they? Tip:跳读--不需要逐
Five kinds
字逐句阅读,跳跃式 浏览全文,找出重点 字词句或有用信息。
Nursery rhymes
童谣
A
List poems
清单诗
B&C
Cinquain
五行诗
D&E
Haiku
俳句诗
F&G
Tang poems
唐诗
H
Enjrsery rhyme
Practice
Think of a subject you are interested in and write a cinquain .
Sample:
Baby Lovely, lively Smiling, crying, throwing Naughty and cute too
Should the traveller return,
this stone would utter speech.
Which of the following words can convey the woman’s feelings?
A. Loneliness. B. Joy. C. Love. D. Anger. E. Hate. F. Sorrow.
I saw a girl just like a cat, I saw a kitten wear a hat, I saw a man who saw these too, And said though strange they all were true.
Our first football match
Sweet
Cinquain : Line 1:1 noun (the name of the subject) Line 2:2 adj.s (describe the subject) Line 3:3 v.ing (actions of the subject) Line 4:4 words (writer’s opinions or feelings) Line 5:1 word
如何赏析英文诗歌PPT课件
第17页/共32页
2.头韵:是指一行(节)诗中几个词开头的辅音 相 同 , 形 成 押 韵 。 • The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,
The furrow followed free, We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea.
第13页/共32页
二、 诗的押韵:
• 押韵是指通过重复元音或辅音以达到一定音韵效果的诗 歌写作手法。
第14页/共32页
1. 尾韵:最常见,最重要的押韵方式。
• 1) 联韵:aabb型。 I shot an arrow into the air, It fell to earth, I knew not where; For, so swif tly it flew, the sight Could not follow it in its flight.
第18页/共32页
3.内韵(同元音):指词与词之间元音的重复形 成 的 内 部 押 韵 。 • Spring, the sweet spring, is the year ’s pleasant king;
Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring, Cold doth not sting, the pretty birds do sing: Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo!
第15页/共32页
• 2) 交叉韵:abab型。 Sunset and evening star, And one clear call for me! And may there be no moaning of the bar, When I put out to sea,
2.头韵:是指一行(节)诗中几个词开头的辅音 相 同 , 形 成 押 韵 。 • The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,
The furrow followed free, We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea.
第13页/共32页
二、 诗的押韵:
• 押韵是指通过重复元音或辅音以达到一定音韵效果的诗 歌写作手法。
第14页/共32页
1. 尾韵:最常见,最重要的押韵方式。
• 1) 联韵:aabb型。 I shot an arrow into the air, It fell to earth, I knew not where; For, so swif tly it flew, the sight Could not follow it in its flight.
第18页/共32页
3.内韵(同元音):指词与词之间元音的重复形 成 的 内 部 押 韵 。 • Spring, the sweet spring, is the year ’s pleasant king;
Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring, Cold doth not sting, the pretty birds do sing: Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo!
第15页/共32页
• 2) 交叉韵:abab型。 Sunset and evening star, And one clear call for me! And may there be no moaning of the bar, When I put out to sea,
《英美诗歌鉴赏课件》Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
❖ stout: strong ❖ muffled: make a sound quieter ❖ bivouac: camp ❖ dumb: unable to speak ❖ cattle: cows and bulls ❖ strife: conflict, struggle ❖ howe’er: however
我箭破长空, 落地渺无踪。 飞驰青天外, 明眸难追从。 我歌遏行云,
落地无处寻。 何人具锐眼, 随歌天地行? 经年见橡树, 嵌箭完如故。 我歌终复始, 友人心深处。
A Psalm of Life p55
❖ Psalm: song that praises God ❖ but: only ❖ slumbers: sleep ❖ goal: aim ❖ returnest: return ❖ destined: decide by fate ❖ fleeting: lasting only a short time
人生是真切的!人生是实在的! 它的归宿决不是荒坟;
“你本是尘土,必归于尘土”, 这是指躯壳,不是指灵魂。
❖ 我们命定的目标和道路 不是享乐,也不是受苦;
而是行动,在每个明天 都超越今天,跨出新步。
智艺无穷,时光飞逝; 这颗心,纵然勇敢坚强, 也只如鼙鼓,闷声敲动着,
一下又一下,向坟地送丧。
❖ 世界是一片辽阔的战场, 人生是到处扎寨安营;
Writing style
❖ gentleness, sweetness, and purity ❖ His writings belong to the milder aspects of
the romantic movement ❖ his work untouched the religious and social
英语诗歌欣赏知识(详细)ppt课件
《英语诗歌欣赏》
Evaluation and Appreciation of English Poetry
.
“the best words in the best order.” -----Samuel Taylor Coleridge
“not the assertion that something is true, but the making of that truth more fully real to us.”
The first, second and fourth line rime together.
From Omar Kheyyan---by Edward Fitzgerald《鲁拜集》
.
美酒佐干粮, 树荫诵诗章, 君喉歌宛转, 荒漠即天堂。
——郭沫若(译)
.
Types of Rhyme
1.1. End rhyme(尾韵)----- rhyme established at the end of verse line.
.
The palm and may make country houses gay Lambs frisk and play, the shepherds pipe all day, And we hear ay birds tune this merry lay Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo!
.
* Rhyme (rime)
大江歌罢掉头东 dong → a 邃密群科济世穷 qiong → a 面壁十年图破壁, bi → b 难酬滔海亦英雄. xiong → a
↘ → rime together
↗
.
A book of verse underneath the bough, A jug of wine, a loaf of bread --- and thou, Beside me singing in the wilderness, O, wildness were paradise enow.
Evaluation and Appreciation of English Poetry
.
“the best words in the best order.” -----Samuel Taylor Coleridge
“not the assertion that something is true, but the making of that truth more fully real to us.”
The first, second and fourth line rime together.
From Omar Kheyyan---by Edward Fitzgerald《鲁拜集》
.
美酒佐干粮, 树荫诵诗章, 君喉歌宛转, 荒漠即天堂。
——郭沫若(译)
.
Types of Rhyme
1.1. End rhyme(尾韵)----- rhyme established at the end of verse line.
.
The palm and may make country houses gay Lambs frisk and play, the shepherds pipe all day, And we hear ay birds tune this merry lay Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo!
.
* Rhyme (rime)
大江歌罢掉头东 dong → a 邃密群科济世穷 qiong → a 面壁十年图破壁, bi → b 难酬滔海亦英雄. xiong → a
↘ → rime together
↗
.
A book of verse underneath the bough, A jug of wine, a loaf of bread --- and thou, Beside me singing in the wilderness, O, wildness were paradise enow.
《英文诗欣赏》课件
Famous poets and works
Geoffrey Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales
John Milton: Paradise Lost
Lord Byron: Don Juan
William Shakespeare: sonnets, plays
William Blake: Songs of Innocence and Experience
Enlightenment and the rise of the novel
19th century
Romanticism and the rise of the long poem
04
20th century
Modernism and Postmodernism
Types and characteristics
English poetry recitation techniques
1. Understand the importance of recitation in appreciating English poetry.
3. Embody the emotions and meanings behind the poem through your voice and facial expressions.
2. Learn to read the poem with appropriate intonation and emphasis.
4. Practice reciting different types of English poetry to improve your skills and understanding.
《英美诗歌鉴赏课件》English Poetry (4)
❖
And swear,
❖
No where
❖
Lives a woman true, and fair.
❖
If thou find’st one, let me know,
❖
Such a pilgrimage were sweet;
❖
Yet do not, next door we might meet;
John Donne(1572-1631)
❖ The Sun Rising ❖ Busy old fool, unruly1 sun, ❖ Why dost thou thus, ❖ Through windows and through curtains call on us? ❖ Must to thy motions lovers’ seasons run? ❖ Saucy pedantic wretch,2 go chide ❖ Late school boys and sour prentices,3 ❖ Go tell court huntsmen that the King will ride,
❖ Examples include William Shakespeare’s Hark! hark! the lark and Robert Browning’s Pippa Passes. Some poems, such as John Donne’s The Sun Rising, share traits with the dawn song. Geoffrey Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde also contains an example within its larger narrative.
英文美学诗歌鉴赏汇报ppt
明智的人临终时虽然懂得黑暗有理, 因为他们的话语已迸发不出闪电,但也 不要温顺地走进那个良宵。
Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay, Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
经历了两次世界大战,他亲眼所见战争对于人类精神与肉体 的无尽摧残,他的许多诗篇在描述这种人类亲历战争之后的 毁灭。“严肃的人,临近死亡,透过炫目的叹息看见/失明 的跟睛可以像流星一样欢欣地闪耀,”这首诗歌却是写给他 的父亲,同时也是写给未来的自己。
这里的“good night”很有趣,不是黑暗冰冷的夜晚,不是残 云破月的深夜,是一片美好温馨的夜晚。但实则,从后文的 描述中,读者可以体会到,这“良夜”不过是“飞翔的太阳 正在流逝”,是“光明正在死亡”,我们“怒斥”,“诅咒” 这“良宵”的流逝,像我的生命一样不可挽回。
十九岁的托马斯因为发表《穿过绿索驱动花朵的力量》(The force that through the Green Drives the Flower)一诗一举成 名,开始了年轻的诗人生涯,人称“疯狂的迪伦“。
1953年,在美国作最后一次诗歌巡读时,托马斯因为饮酒过量 在纽约去世。他是20世纪40年代以来英国诗坛最有影响力的诗 人之一。1982年,著名的威斯敏斯特大教堂在其“诗人之角” 为托马斯立碑,确认了他在英国诗歌中的重要地位。
And you, my father, there on the sad height, Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray. Do not go gentle into that good night.
《英美诗歌鉴赏课件》English Poetry (1)
▪ it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility: the emotion is contemplated till, by a species of reaction, the tranquility gradually disappears, and an emotion, kindred to that which was the subject of contemplation, is gradually produced, and does itself actually exist in the mind.
on the creation; Bede attributes this to Cæ dmon (fl. 658–680). ▪ This is generally taken as marking the beginning of Anglo-Saxon poetry.
Beowolf
The characteristics
▪ Thomas Sterns Eliot considers that poetry is “not the assertion of truth, but the making of that truth more fully real to us”.
▪ Robert Frost holds that “a poem begins with a lump in the throat, a home-sickness or a love-sickness. It is a reaching-out toward expression; an effort to find fulfillment. A complete poem is one where the emotion has found its thought and the thought has found the words.”
英美诗歌鉴赏ppt课件
用部分代替整体,或用整体代 替部分。例如,“伦敦的雾” (London Fog)可以代表“ 工业污染”。
通过说反话或表达与字面意思 相反的含义,达到讽刺或幽默 的效果。例如,“他是个快乐 的单身汉”(He is a happy bachelor),实际上是说他是 个孤独的人。
意象与象征
意象(Image)
03
英美著名诗人及代表作品
莎士比亚的《十四行诗》
要点一
总结词
莎士比亚的《十四行诗》是一部充满情感与技巧的诗歌作 品,展现了诗人对爱、生命和死亡的深入思考。
要点二
详细描述
这部作品由154首十四行诗组成,探讨了各种主题,包括 爱、死亡、时间和人生等。诗中使用了丰富的比喻和修辞 手法,如“Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?/ Thou art more lovely and more temperate.”(我是否 可以把你比作一个夏日?/你比夏日更可爱也更温和。)这 些诗句展现了诗人对语言的精湛运用和对主题的深入理解 。
现代主义与后现代主义诗歌的特点
现代主义诗歌特点 重视个体体验和内心感受 大量运用象征、隐喻等修辞手法
现代主义与后现代主义诗歌的特点
01
诗歌语言简洁、意象鲜明
02
关注现代都市生活和科技文明带来的影响
后现代主义诗歌特点
03
现代主义与后现代主义诗歌的特点
解构传统诗歌结构和韵 律
关注边缘群体和反主流 文化
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情感是指诗歌所表达的情感状 态,包括喜怒哀乐、爱恨情愁 等方面。
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分析诗歌的主题和情感,有助 于理解诗人的情感表达方式和 诗歌的艺术价值。
关注诗歌的细节与意象
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(二) 诗行的长短以音步数目计算: 英文诗行的长度范围一般是一音步——五音 步。六、七、八音步的诗行也有,但不多。 最多的是四音步、五音步的诗。
You beat your pate, and fancy wit will come Knock as you please, there’s nobody at home.
英语诗歌鉴赏
通082 王烁臣
中文诗歌名句
卞之琳的《断章》 你站在桥上看风景, 看风景的人在楼上看你,
明月装饰了你的窗子, 你装饰了别人的梦。 蹴罢秋千, 起来慵整纤纤手。 露浓花瘦,薄
汗轻衣透。 见有人来,袜刬金钗溜。 和羞走, 倚门回首, 却把青梅嗅。
Night Thoughts
I wake, and moonbeams play around my bed, Glittering like hoar-frost to my wandering eyes; Up towards the glorious moon I raise my head, Then lay me down---and thoughts of home arise.
学英文而不懂英文诗歌,不仅从审美角度看是一个 遗憾,而且从英语学习这一角度看,不学一些英文 诗歌,其英语水平也达不到很高的层次。
诗歌语言最精炼,语汇最丰富,表达形式最精美, 语言的色调最细腻。如果对诗歌有一定修养,其语 言表达能力会大大提高。试想一个学汉语的人,如 果对唐诗宋词一无所知,其汉语水平不会很高。学 英语者也是如此。如果他对莎士比亚、弥尔顿、华 兹华斯、拜伦、雪莱、济慈等人的著名诗篇一窍不 通,其英文水平也不会很高。
中国古诗有节奏。其节奏主要是通过汉字特有的声调表现出 来的。传统汉语中的声调有四:平、上、去、入。平声称 “平声”,上、去、入三声统称仄声。平声与仄声结合起来 反复出现,就是中国诗歌的节奏。如一首五言绝句,其最常 见的节奏是: 仄仄平平仄,平平仄仄平。 平平平仄仄,仄仄仄平平。
英文诗歌也有节奏。英文没有平声、仄声之分,但有重读轻 读音节之分,其节奏是通过重读音节与轻读音节表现出来的。 一个重读音节与一个或两个轻读音节按一定的模式搭配起来, 有规律地反复出现就是英文诗歌的节奏。
四 压韵(rhyme)
(一) 全韵与半韵(full rhyme and half rhyme)。 全韵是严格的押韵,其要求是: (1) 韵要押在重读音节上,其元音应相同; (2) 元音前的辅音应不同; (3) 如果元音之后有辅音,应相同。 (4) 重读音节之后如有轻读音节,也应相同。下面几对词 都符合全韵的标准: why---sigh; hate---late; fight---delight; powers---flowers; today---away; ending---bending. 如果仅是元音字母相同,读音不同,不符合全韵:如: blood----hood; there---here; gone---alone; daughter---laughter.
(二) 尾韵与行内韵(end rhyme and internal rhyme) 押在诗行最后一个重读音节上,叫尾韵。这 是英文诗歌最常见的押韵部位。诗行中间停 顿处的重读音节与该行最后一个重读音节押 韵者,叫行内韵ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้如:
Spring, the sweet spring, is the year’s pleasant king;
三 诗行
(一) 一诗行不一定是一个完整的句字。 英文诗每行的第一个字母都大写,但是一诗行不一定是一个 完整的句子,不一定能表达一个完整的意思。有时候,一行 诗正好是一句,有时两行甚至许多行才构成一个意思完整的 句子。前者叫end-stopped line(结句行),后者叫run-on line.(跨行句)。这是英文诗与中国诗的最大区别之一。中 国诗歌都是一行表达一个完整的意思。看下面一节诗: I shot an arrow into the air, It fell to earth, I knew not where; For, so swiftly it flew, the sight Could not follow it in its flight.
二 常见的音步类型
如果一个音步中有两个音节,前者为轻,后者为重, 则这种音步叫抑扬格音步,其专业术语是(iamb, iambic.)。轻读是“抑”,重读是“扬”,一轻一 重,故称抑扬格。如adore, excite, above, around
如果一个音步中有两个音节,前者为重,后者为轻, 则这种音步叫扬抑格音步,其专业术语是(trochee, trochaic.)。重读是“扬”,轻读是“抑”,一重 一轻,故称扬抑格。如Happy, many, holy
一 节奏
诗歌是具有音乐性的语言。音乐作品的最大 特点之一是音符的流动是有节奏的。所谓节 奏就是强拍和弱拍按一定的形式配合起来, 有规律地反复出现。懂点音乐的人都知道, 音乐中基本的节奏有两种,即强——弱(2/4 拍)和强——弱——弱(3/4拍)。举两个简 单的例子: 《东方红》的节奏就是强——弱:
(三) 男韵与女韵((masculine rhyme and feminine rhyme) 所押的韵音局限于诗行中重读的末尾音节上,称男韵,也叫单韵,听起 来强劲有力。如:late, fate; hill, fill; enjoy, destroy. 押韵押在两个音节上,后一音节非重读音节,称女韵,也叫双韵,听起 来或轻快,或幽婉。如:lighting, fighting; motion, ocean; wining, beginning. 看下面一节诗: I am coming, little maiden, With the pleasant sunshine laden; With the honey for the bee, With the blossom for the tree.