《英语国家社会与文化入门》(第3版)(朱永涛、王立礼主编)(复习笔记 加拿大文学)【圣才出品】

21.1复习笔记

I.The literature of survival

1.Survival in nature

2.Cultural survival

Ⅱ.Native Canadian mythology

Ⅲ.Early colonial literature

1.Background

2.An era of reporting

IV.The literature of nation-building

1.Background

2.The era of realism in literature

3.Writers and works

V.Canada in the ascendant

1.The“Montreal Group”of poets

2.Ted Allan

3.Literature in the French language

VI.Canadian literature in the modern world

1.Main features

2.Writers and works

I.The literature of survival（“生存”文学）

In Canadian literature there is a common concern with the idea of“survival”and this idea,in its many different forms,is regarded as the central symbol of Canadian literature.

加拿大文学中普遍存在“生存”这一主题，有多种形式，被认为是加拿大文学的中心主题。

1.Survival in nature（自然中的生存）

The concern with“simple”survival in the face of hostile elements is a reflection of the dangerous natural world in which Canadians find themselves.

对在恶劣自然条件下求生存的关注反映了加拿大人所生活的自然环境的危险性。

2.Cultural survival（文化的生存）

This idea can extend to concern with“cultural”survival in a variety of ways:

生存主题可从多个方面延伸至文化层面。

(1)The maintenance of Canadian identity in colonial age

(2)The persistence of native Canadian peoples;

(3)The survival of a French-Canadian identity;

(4)The survival of any kind of overall Canadian identity over internal differences and over the huge neighbor—the USA.

(1)在殖民时期保持了加拿大自身的特性；

(2)加拿大本土民族的延续；

(3)法裔加拿大身份的保留；

(4)克服内部分歧与强大邻国美国的影响，加拿大文化的总体特性的保留。

Ⅱ.Native Canadian mythology（加拿大本土神话）

(1)The diverse cultures of pre-European Canada were not literate but oral cultures.

(2)Native myths and legends are a well-known part of modern Canadian literature.

(3)Themes of these tales:

◆The first creation of the world and people.

◆How particular aspects of the world came to be.

(4)A common feature of different native mythologies is the occurrence of a “trickster”figure.

(1)前欧洲时期加拿大的各种文化都是口述而非书面的。

(2)本土神话传说是加拿大现代文学中著名的一部分。

(3)故事主题：

◆世界和人类的产生；

◆世界各部分的产生。

(4)不同本土神话中存在一个共同点，即均设有一个诡计多端的角色。

Ⅲ.Early colonial literature（早期殖民文学）

1.Background（背景）

Canada did not come into being as a single entity until1867when various British North American colonies were brought together into a confederation,so that before that date there was a definite marginal sense to Canadian writing.

1867年英属北美殖民地组成一个单独的自治领后，加拿大才成为一个独立的主体，因而此前加拿大文学只是一种边缘意识。

2.An era of reporting（报告时代）

Meaning of an era of reporting:telling people back“home”what it was like out there on the edge of civilization.

Forms:journals or collections of letters

Subjects:the“wilderness”or the native peoples

Eg.Susanna Moodie’s Roughing It in the Bush

报告时代的含义：告诉“家乡”的人们处在文明边缘的生活状态和情况。

形式：日记或书信集

主题：荒野或本地民族

如：苏珊·摩蒂的《丛林余生》

IV.The literature of nation-building（建国时期文学）

1.Background（背景）

After confederation in1867Canada can be seen as inhabited by a people on the road to nationhood.

1867年加拿大成为自治领后，成为一个走向争取独立国家地位的民族。

2.The era of realism in literature（现实主义文学时代）

Features:Plots were worked out in a coherent and predictable fashion,whereby the conclusion followed rationally from what went before,though much of the actual content might be romantic fantasy.