Topic5HowtoWriteanOutline论文提纲怎么写 (课堂PPT)
怎么写英语文章的Outline即提纲精选.ppt
A Plan That Builds an Essay
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1
Introduction
What is an outline ?
Before you begin writing the first draft of your essay, it is best to make an outline. An outline is a general plan of what you are going to write. You can compare making an outline to drawing plans to build a house. Before one begins to build a house, it is best to draw up plans to make sure that a house is built in the way you want. The same is true with writing an essay and making an outline.
Introduction
The Benefits of an Outline
An outline of an essay can be very helpful for two reasons:
An outline will help make your essay more organized. A careful plan will help your body paragraphs stay focused on the ideas in your thesis statement.
Example
Outline
教你学术论文 毕业论文的写作教程 outline
what is an outline of a writing?An outline is a general plan of what you are going to write. You can compare making an outline to drawing plans to build a house. Before one begins to build a house, it is best to draw up plans to make sure that a house is built in the way you want.So an outline functions as a map or a coordinate for your later writing. It gives the writer definite directions to keep the writer on the scheduled ways to finish the paper writing and avoid deviating.However, it d oesn’t mean an outline can’t be changed. Actually, with research going on, researchers may often have new ideas and then they need to modify their outline.Formation, Justification and optimization of macro-structureBefore you start developing the draft, the best is to optimize and refine your macro-structure or outline. It helps a lot in paving the way for your easy and sound draft writing. In fact, the outline is being modified all over the whole course until the paper is finally submitted.For that, you can ask the following questions about the outline. some questions to be consideredDoes the outline include the common necessary components: introduction, main body and conclusion?2. Do the given parts reasonably and sufficiently support the thesis in different levels?3. Are there some gaps or flaws of concern or some other important points not covered in the outline?4. Are the given parts of the same level overlapping or contradictory in their function and tasks? Or do they have their obviously different but related emphases?5. Do the subtitles and their senior title have clear logical relations?6. Are the subtitles of a same level arranged in a reasonable logical order?7. Does the outline reflect the focus and emphasis of the study regarding to the proportion and elaboration of different parts?Sample outline: Application of Task-based Learning to English Teaching • 1 Introduction• 2 The Development of the Task-Based Learning• 2.1 The History of the TBL• 2.2 The Comparison between TBL and the PPP Approach• 3 The Practical Implementation of TBL• 3.1 Three Stages of TBL• 3.1.1 Pre-task - Introduction to the Topic and Task• 3.1.2 Task cycle - Doing the Task, Planning and a Report • 3.1.3 Language Focus - Analysis and Practice• 3.2 Four Principles of the Tasks Design• 3.2.1 The Authentic Principle of Language and Situation • 3.2.2 The Combination Principle of Form and Function• 3.2.3 The Step by Step Principle• 3.2.4 The Learning by Doing Things Principle • 3.3 Concrete Types of TBL• 3.3.1 Prediction Tasks• 3.3.2 Memory Challenge Tasks• 3.3.3 Restoration Tasks• 3.3.4 Comparison Tasks• 3.3.5 Jumbles（杂乱）• 3.3.6 Jigsaw（交错）• 4 Conclusion。
how to write an outline
Homework for this week:1.复习UNIT 62.听UNIT 3 的听力3.预习UNIT 8，背单词，熟读1-5段4.听四级听力做四级真题一套5。
写作文Part one: How to write an outlineDon’t Hesitate to Say NoThere are many occasions on which people should say “no” directly when they are asked for help.However, it is not the case in our real life. People tend to… because…In fact, there are many disadvantages in doing so.Should the University Campus be Open to Tourists?Nowadays, there has been a heated discussion on whether the university campus should be open to tourists. Some people hold that… While some other people…People who prefer to… have their reasons.However, others may disagree (not agree).Were I to offer my choice, I would not hesitate a moment to say that I favor the former side. Because…Reading Selectively or Extensively?Some people think that when we read, we should read selectively. That is to say, … Reading selectively helps us to..Some people, however, think we should read extensively. That is to say, … They argu e that…I think the two reading methods have their own advantages. However, their disadvantages are easy to see. If we only,… Therefore,…Jobs for GraduatesRecently, there has been a heated discussion on the issue of the lack of jobs for university graduates.The reasons for this phenomenon may be due to the following:My suggestion to deal with the problem are as follows. In the first place；Secondly；Finally.How to Develop a Topic Sentence into a Paragraph?⏹Give examples to prove your statement⏹Give possible reasons for the phenomenon⏹Explain yourself: That is to say…开篇put forward your question:1. Many countries have been faced with the problem of ...2. Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.3. Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ...4. Nowadays there is a growing concern over ...5. According to a recent survey, ...主体段落People who prefer ………………have their reasons: The first reason for their choice is, they maintain, that ……………………….. Besides, ………, they go on to point out, ……………………………... What is more important, ……………………………….. they also claim that ……………………………………………………………….But others may not agree. They would argue that ……………………………………...; what is worse, they emphasize, ………….………..……………………………………………;final ly, they insist that ……………………………………结尾段--Ending⏹我们知道文章的开头很重要，因为好的开头可以吸引读者、抓住读者的注意力。
如何撰写论文大纲(EssayOutline)
如何撰写论文大纲（EssayOutline）如果你正在准备做一个演讲、论文、故事或是研究计划，准备一份大纲可以很好地帮助整理你的想法和研究。
什么是大纲呢？大纲是一个用来思考和组织你的文章的一个比较正式的系统。
例如你可以通过大纲来检查你的各个想法是否相关，以什么顺序效果最好，或者你是否有足够的证据来支持你的每一个观点。
大纲对于任何类型的文章都有一定的帮助，可以帮您总揽全局。
大纲有以下两种类型：主题型大纲和句子型大纲主题型大纲由短语组成。
当你在处理一系列以不同方式组织文章的不同问题时是非常有用的。
句子型大纲是以完整的句子组成。
通常情况下，当你的文章着重描写一些比较复杂的细节时使用。
句子型大纲对于此类文章十分有用，因为句子本身可能就有很多细节性的因素。
句子型的大纲还可以将这些细节涵盖在句子中，而不是非要创造一个很多页的由许多短语组成的大纲。
主题型大纲和句子型大纲都会遵循严格的格式、使用罗马和阿拉伯数字以及开头使用大小写字母等。
这些有助于你以及任何读你大纲的人容易理解你的组织结构。
这种类型的大纲常用于课堂论文和演讲（请参见本文末尾的例子）。
没有规定哪种类型的大纲是最好的，只要选择一个最适合你文章的大纲就行。
准备写大纲1.确定主题。
你的论文主题是非常重要的。
试着用一句话或是短语来总结你论文的重点。
这将有助于保证你论文关注的重点。
2.识别主目录（主要章节论点）。
你的文章将涵盖哪些重点？介绍的部分通常会介绍你全部的要点，然后剩下的文章可以用来发展这些要点。
3.创建第一个章节（或者叫第一个论点）。
你的第一点想涵盖什么？如果文章是围绕着一个很复杂的术语，定义通常是一个很好地起点。
比如关于一个特定理论的文章，给出理论的大概背景知识也可能是一个很好的起点。
4.创建子论点。
在你确定所有章节重点内容（主要论点）之后，你需要创建一些观点来为你的重点内容提供支撑。
你使用的点取决于你将要涵盖的信息量，使用多少数量都是可以的。
按照惯例，每个章节至少包括两个条目。
怎样撰写英语的outline
怎样撰写英语的outline好的outline对你撰写正文内容具有很强的指导作用。
不管你要撰写的是什么类型的文章，outline都是非常必要（通常情况下也是必须的）。
接下来的内容对撰写提纲有很大帮助。
1.明确文章的主旨。
一篇文章都有其所要表达主旨。
选择一个最终主旨不仅能引导你主题的方向，还有助于你有逻辑的组织文章。
比如你在写论文，写下能够概括文章主旨的中心思想，以帮助你确定主旨：• 比较和对照两个事物。
• 列出因果• 阐明或分析一个特殊方面• 列出单个或两者的论证• 提供证据并得出结论• 列出问题然后提供解决方案2.收集辅助材料。
这些被收集来的材料可能来自引用他人成果、数据统计、理论、实验结果等。
通过收集材料，明确这些材料使用，这些东西可能会体现在essay outline中。
3.决定如何安排辅助论证来支撑主旨。
举例：如果你在呈现一个历史概述，你可以按年代来排序；如果你在辩论文学方面内容，你可能要按主题排序；如果你处在某观点立场的两级徘徊时，你可以先列出和你立场有矛盾的证据，然后用反论证消除达到有说服力的结果。
4.撰写主题提纲或者句子提纲。
如果文章非常灵活多变，那么你可以用利用一些短语作为主题大纲；用句子大纲阐述细节。
• 一般来说你可以尝试先用主题提纲来开始你的提纲撰写，然后再逐步转变成句子提纲。
5.确定主要类别。
根据文章的主旨和找到的辅助材料来决定把全文的大主题分散整理到不同逻辑类别。
这些类别将会被标记成罗马数字来形成提纲的第一步。
• 当写文章时，通常会用一个大点去代表一个段落：比如，一、文章的开头段，二、主体段落的第一段，等等。
例如，如果描写飞机历史发展史的概论，每一个大点就该包括各个飞机历史上的时期。
6.确定论点。
每个分类至少想两个论点，根据你文章的主旨和你之前收集的论据材料来选择你的分论点。
这些分论点就是你提纲的第二个层级。
一般它们是用英文字母标示的。
（比如A、B、C 等等）• 让你的第二层级比你的第一层级缩进1.27到2.54厘米• 还是用飞机发展史历史的例子，每一个分点就可以描写那个时代的发动机型号7.根据需要确定中心论点的分论点。
如何写英语文章的Outline即提纲
C. Don’t carry too many things into the interview. A notebook, pens, and/or laptop computer should be carried in a briefcase.
D. Hair and nails should be clean and neat.
Body Paragraph #2- Topic Sentence: ____________ A. supporting idea B. supporting idea
Body Paragraph #3- Topic Sentence: ____________ A. supporting idea B. supporting idea
An outline saves time for writers. Preparing an outline can take time, but when you are finished, you will be able to write the rough draft of your essay more quickly than if you didn’t have an outline.
Example
Outline
Here is an example of how a blank outline might look:
Essay Outline
I. Introduction
Thesis: _____________________
II. III. IV. V.
Body Paragraph #1- Topic Sentence: _____________ A. supporting idea B. supporting idea
英文作文outline的写法
英文作文outline的写法下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!Paragraph 1: Well, you know, writing an outline for an English essay can be kind of confusing. There are so many things to think about. Like what to include and what to leave out.Paragraph 2: Another thing is how detailed you want to make it. Do you just list the main points or do you go into a lot of detail? That's a big decision.Paragraph 3: And then there's the style. Do you want it to be formal or more casual? That can really affect the way it comes across.Paragraph 4: Oh, and don't forget about organization. Making sure everything flows nicely and makes sense issuper important.Paragraph 5: Sometimes it's hard to know where to start. But once you get going, it can start to come together.。
英文作文outline的写法
英文作文outline的写法英文：When it comes to writing an outline for an essay, there are a few key things to keep in mind. First and foremost,it's important to have a clear understanding of the purpose and main points of your essay. This will help you to organize your thoughts and ensure that your essay flows logically and cohesively.One useful approach to creating an outline is to start with a thesis statement or main idea, and then break down the supporting points and evidence that will be used to back it up. This can be done in a hierarchical or chronological format, depending on the nature of the essay.Another important aspect of outlining is to consider the audience and tone of the essay. Are you writing for a formal academic audience, or a more casual and conversational one? This will impact the language and styleof your outline, as well as the types of examples and evidence you choose to include.Ultimately, the key to a successful outline is to be flexible and open to revision. As you begin to flesh out your ideas and write your essay, you may find that certain points need to be added, removed, or reorganized. By starting with a clear and well-organized outline, however, you'll be better equipped to handle these changes and produce a polished final product.中文：写作大纲是一篇文章的重要组成部分，需要注意几个关键点。
怎样写作文提纲范文
怎样写作文提纲范文英文回答：Writing an essay outline and sample essay can be a challenging task, but with proper planning and organization, it can be accomplished effectively. In this response, Iwill provide a step-by-step guide on how to write an essay outline and a sample essay, using both English and Chinese languages separately.英文回答：Step 1: Understand the Prompt.Before starting the essay outline, it is crucial tofully comprehend the prompt. This will help in determining the main points to be addressed in the essay. For example,if the prompt is about the importance of education, I would begin by brainstorming key ideas related to education, such as knowledge acquisition, personal growth, and careeropportunities.中文回答：第一步，理解题目。
在开始写作文提纲之前，充分理解题目是非常重要的。
这有助于确定文章中要讨论的主要观点。
例如，如果题目是关于教育的重要性，我会开始思考与教育相关的关键观点，如知识获取、个人成长和职业机会等。
论文提纲该怎么写
论文提纲该怎么写论文提纲该怎么写论文提纲该怎么写，写论文之前写好论文提纲至关重要，以下论文提纲该怎么写相关文章，欢迎阅读借鉴。
毕业论文提纲怎么写【1】编制毕业论文提纲,是指在收集到了大量材料的基础上,根据论证毕业论文主题的需要编写和制作该毕业论文结构的框架和体系。
实际上,它相当于由序码和词语所组成的一种逻辑图表。
制作毕业论文提纲十分必要，这是因为:1.它能促使自己从宏观上对全文进行谋篇布局。
由于编制提纲需要对材料进行选择;接着按论证主题的需要,对必用材料的使用按先后顺序进行安排和调整;对不必要的材料忍痛割爱,等,因此,这就促使自己对全篇作合理的布局。
2.它能使毕业论文的框架视觉化。
好的毕业论文提纲能使毕业论文的中心论点、下属论点及论据安排得先后井然有序,层次分明,因而能使自己一看就一目了然,清清楚楚。
3.能帮助自己在写作时,按已定的毕业论文框架沿着先后顺序行文和避免重复。
由于写作毕业学术毕业论文需要比较长的一段时间才能完成,有了一份详细的和纲目分明的毕业论文提纲,能使自己按图索骥,流畅成文。
如果没有毕业论文提纲,虽有腹稿,写作起来,由于写作时间较长,在毕业论文写到中间或后半部时可能忘记前半部分已写的内容而又重复写上;或因时间长将应该写上的内容因遗忘而漏写,这样,就必定出现重复或漏写的情况,影响毕业论文的质量。
编制毕业论文提纲应当做好两方面的准备:1.确定基本论点,就是确定全文的表达中心。
在此之后,再确定下位论点,即阐发基本论点的若干个小的论点。
下位论点最好写出论点句子,使其固定下来。
确定下位论点时,应根据论证基本论点(上位论点)的需要选用与上位论点逻辑关系最密切、说服力最强的论据。
2.选定材料。
选定材料,就是选定将要写入毕业论文中的材料。
此项工作应从收集到的大量材料中选出最能证明观点(上位论点、下位论点)的材料,并将它们作为立论的依据。
这些材料,应当少而精。
选择和整理材料应当分清主次。
在选定材料的过程中,可采取如下几种办法:把选好的材料按问题分开;将证明每个问题的材料划分为一组;每一组的材料按使用的先后次序排列好。
How to Write an Outline
How to Write an OutlineWhat is it?An outline is a general plan of the material that is to be presented in a speech or a paper. The outline shows the order of the various topics, the relative importance of each, and the relationship between the various parts.Order in an OutlineThere are many ways to arrange the different parts of a subject. Sometimes, a chronological arrangement works well. At other times, a spatial arrangement is best suited to the material. The most common order in outlines is to go from the general to the specific. This means you begin with a general idea and then support it with specific examples.Thesis Statement of Summarizing SentenceAll outlines should begin with a thesis statement of summarizing sentence. This thesis sentence presents the central idea of the paper. It must always be a complete, grammatical sentence, specific and brief, which expresses the point of view you are taking towards the subject.Types of OutlinesThe two main types of outlines are the topic outline and the sentence outline. In the topic outline, the headings are given in single words or brief phrases. In the sentence outline, all the headings are expressed in complete sentences.Rules for Outlining1. Subdivide topics by a system of numbers and letters, followed by a period.Example:I.A.B.1.2.a.b.II.A.B.2. Each heading and subheading must have at least two parts.3. Headings for parts of the paper of speech such as, Introduction and Conclusion, should not be used.4. Be consistent. Do not mix up the two types of outlines. Use either whole sentences of brief phrases, but not both.ExamplesTopic OutlineChoices in College and AfterThesis: The decisions I have to make in choosing college courses, depend on larger questions I am beginning to ask myself about my life’s work.I. Two decisions describedA. Art history or chemistry1. Professional considerations2. Personal considerationsB. A third year of French?1. Practical advantages of knowing a foreign language2. Intellectual advantages3. The issue of necessityII. Definition of the problemA. Decisions about occupationB. Decisions about a kind of life to leadIII. Temporary resolution of the problemA. To hold open a professional possibility: chemistryB. To take advantage of cultural gains already made: French Sentence OutlineChoices in College and AfterThesis: The decisions I have to make in choosing college courses, depend on larger questions I am beginning to ask myse lf about my life’s work.I. I have two decisions to make with respect to choosing college coursesin the immediate future.A. One is whether to elect a course in art history or in chemistry.1. One time in my life, I planned to be a chemical engineerprofessionally.2. On the other hand, I enjoy art and plan to travel and see moreof it.B. The second decision is whether to continue a third year of Frenchbeyond the basic college requirement.1. French might be useful both in engineering and travel.2. Furthermore, I am eager to read good books which are written inFrench.3. How necessary are these considerations in the light of othercourses I might take instead?II. My problem can be put in the form of a dilemma involving larger questions about my whole future.A. On the one hand I want to hold a highly-trained position in alucrative profession.B. On the other hand I want to lead a certain kind of life, withcapacities for values not connected with the making of money. III. I will have to make a decision balancing the conflicting needs I have described.A. I will hold open the professional possibilities by electingchemistry.B. I will improve and solidify what cultural proficiency in anotherlanguage I have already gained, by electing French.Four Main Components for Effective OutlinesIdeally, you should follow the four suggestions presented here to create an effective outline. When creating a topic outline,follow these two rules for capitalization: For first-level heads,present the information using all upper-case letters; and forsecondary and tertiary items, use upper and lower-case letters.The examples are taken from the Sample Outline handout Parallelism—How do I accomplish this?Each heading and subheading should preserve parallel structure. If the first heading is a verb, the second heading should be a verb. Example:I.CHOOSE DESIRED COLLEGESII.PREPARE APPLICATION("Choose" and "Prepare" are both verbs. The present tense of the verb is usually the preferred form for an outline.) Coordination—How do I accomplish this?All the information contained in Heading 1 should have the same significance as the information contained in Heading 2. The samegoes for the subheadings (which should be less significant than the headings). Example:I.VISIT AND EV ALUATE COLLEGE CAMPUSESII.VISIT AND EV ALUATE COLLEGE WEBSITESA.Note important statisticsB.Look for interesting classes(Campus and Web sites visits are equally significant. They are part of the main tasks you would need to do. Finding statistics and classes found on college Web sites are parts of the process involved in carrying out the main heading topics.)Subordination—How do I accomplish this?The information in the headings should be more general, while the information in the subheadings should be more specific. Example:I.DESCRIBE AN INFLUENTIAL PERSON IN YOUR LIFEA.Favorite high school teacherB.Grandparent(A favorite teacher and grandparent are specific examples from the generalized category of influential people in your life.) Division—How do I accomplish this?Each heading should be divided into 2 or more parts. Example:PILE RÉSUMÉA.List relevant courseworkB.List work experienceC.List volunteer experience(The heading "Compile Résumé" is divided into 3 parts.) Technically, there is no limit to the number of subdivisions for your headings; however, if you seem to have a lot, it may be useful to see if some of the parts can be combined.Why and How to Create a Useful OutlineWhy create an outline? There are many reasons; but in general, it may be helpful to create an outline when you want to show the hierarchical relationship or logical ordering of information. For research papers, an outline may help you keep track of large amounts of information. For creative writing, an outline may help organize the various plot threads and help keep track of character traits. Many people find that organizing an oral report or presentation in outline form helps them speak more effectively in front of a crowd. Below are the primary reasons for creating an outline.•Aids in the process of writing•Helps you organize your ideas•Presents your material in a logicalform•Shows the relationships amongideas in your writing•Constructs an ordered overview ofyour writing•Defines boundaries and groups How do I create an outline?•Determine the purpose of yourpaper.•Determine the audience you arewriting for.•Develop the thesis of your paper. Then:•Brainstorm: List all the ideas thatyou want to include in your paper.•Organize: Group related ideastogether.•Order: Arrange material insubsections from general tospecific or from abstract toconcrete.•Label: Create main and subheadings.Remember: creating an outline before writing your paper will make organizing your thoughts a lot easier. Whether you follow the suggested guidelines is up to you, but making any kind of outline (even just some jotting down some main ideas) will be beneficial to your writing process.Types of Outlines and Samples Alphanumeric OutlinesThis is the most common type of outline and usually instantly recognizable to most people. The formatting follows these characters, in this order:•Roman Numerals•Capitalized Letters•Arabic Numerals•Lowercase LettersIf the outline needs to subdivide beyond these divisions, use Arabic numerals inside parentheses and then lowercase letters inside parentheses. Select the "Sample Outlines" PDF in the Media Box above to download the sample of this outline.The sample PDF in the Media Box above is an example of an outline that a student might create before writing an essay. In order to organize her thoughts and make sure that she has not forgotten any key points that she wants to address, she creates the outline as a framework for her essay.What is the assignment?Your instructor asks the class to write an expository (explanatory) essay on the typical steps a high school student would follow in order to apply to college.What is the purpose of this essay?To explain the process for applying to collegeWho is the intended audience for this essay?High school students intending to apply to college and their parentsWhat is the essay's thesis statement?When applying to college, a student follows a certain process which includes choosing the right schools and preparing the application materials.Full Sentence OutlinesThe full sentence outline format is essentially the same as the Alphanumeric outline. The main difference (as the title suggests) is that full sentences are required at each level of the outline. This outline is most often used when preparing a traditional essay. Select the "Sample Outlines" PDF in the Media Box above to download the sample of this outline.Decimal OutlinesThe decimal outline is similar in format to the alphanumeric outline. The added benefit is a system of decimal notation that clearly shows how every level of the outline relates to the larger whole. Select the "Sample Outlines" PDF in the Media Box above to download the sample of this outline.Reverse Outlining: An Exercise for Taking Notes and Revising Your WorkSome assignments ask you to read and analyze complex information. In these cases, reverse outlining can help you distill the main ideas into short, clear statements. You may also use reverse outlining to revise your own work. Reverse outlining follows a two-step, repeatable process:1.In the left-hand margin, write downthe topic of each paragraph. Try touse as few words as possible.When reading, these notes shouldwork as quick references for futurestudy or in-class discussion.When revising your own work,these notes should tell you if eachparagraph is focused and clear.2.In the right-hand margin, writedown how the paragraph topicadvances the overall argument ofthe text. Again, be brief.When reading, these notes allowyou to follow the logic of the essay,making it easier for you to analyzeor discuss later.When revising your own work,these notes should tell you if eachparagraph fits in the overallorganization of your paper. Youmay also notice that paragraphsshould be shifted after completingthis step.Be brief, particularly when rereading your own work. If you can't complete each step in 5-10 words, the paragraph may need to be altered. You should be able to summarize the topic and the manner of support quickly; if you can't, revise the paragraph until you can.This exercise can be expanded into an actual outline by rewriting/typing your notes, but writing in the margin might be sufficient.•Formal OutlinesSome teachers ask students to submit formal outlines with their papers. Here is a common format used in constructing a formal outline.Arrangement of Letters and Numbers in a Formal OutlineI. (main topic)A. (subtopics of I)B.1. (subtopics of B)2.a. (subtopics of 2)b.i. (subtopics of b)ii.II. (main topic)Note that subtopics are indented so that all letters or numbers of the same kind appear directly under one another. Whether phrases (in a topic outline) or complete sentences (ina sentence outline) are used, topics and subtopics should be parallel in form. Make surethat all items have at least two subtopics or none at all.•"To outline your material vertically, write your thesis at the head of the page and then use headings and indented subheadings:THESIS: Though many things make me want to score goals, I love scoring most of all because it momentarily gives me a sense of power.I. Common reasons for wanting to score goalsA. Help teamB. Gain gloryC. Hear cheers of crowdII. My reasons for wanting to score goalsA. Feel relaxed1. Know I'm going to score a goal2. Move smoothly, not awkwardly3. Get relief from pressure to do wellB. See world in freeze-frame1. See puck going into goal2. See other players and crowdC. Feel momentary sense of power1. Do better than goalie2. Take ultimate mind trip3. Conquer anxiety4. Return to earth after a momentBesides listing points in order of rising importance, this outline groups them underheadings that show their relation to each other and to the thesis."。
怎么写英语文章的Outline即提纲PPT课件
Body Paragraph #3- Topic Sentence: ____________ A. supporting idea B. supporting idea
ESSAY OUTLINE Thesis Statement
Topic Sentence #1
Topic Sentence #2
Topic Sentence #3
The Process
Topic Sentences
The topic sentence for each body paragraph should support the thesis statement. The topic sentences need to agree with the main idea or subpoints in the thesis statement; otherwise, the essay could be confusing.
Introduction
The Benefits of an Outline
An outline of an essay can be very helpful for two reasons:
n An outline will help make your essay more organized. A careful plan will help your body paragraphs stay focused on the ideas in your thesis statement.
英文作文outline怎么写
英文作文outline怎么写英文：When it comes to writing an outline for an English essay, there are a few key things to keep in mind. First of all, it's important to have a clear understanding of the topic you're writing about and the main points you want to make. This will help you organize your thoughts and ensure that your essay flows logically.One effective way to structure your outline is to use a "hamburger" approach, where you start with a broad introduction and then narrow down to your thesis statement. From there, you can break down your main points into supporting details and evidence, before wrapping up with a conclusion that summarizes your key arguments.Another important aspect of writing an effectiveoutline is to use clear and concise language. Avoid using overly complex sentences or technical jargon, as this canmake your essay difficult to understand. Instead, focus on using simple, straightforward language that gets your point across clearly.Overall, the key to a successful outline is to be organized, focused, and clear in your writing. By following these tips and taking the time to carefully plan out your essay, you can ensure that your writing is well-structured and effective.中文：在写英语文章的大纲时，有几个关键点需要注意。
怎么写英语文章的Outline即提纲归纳.ppt
Example Outline
I.
Introduction- Thesis Statement: A job
interview can often make or break your
chances of getting your dream job. There
The Process
Supporting Details
Under the topic sentence for each paragraph, list some of the supporting details, examples, or ideas you want to include in each paragraph.
C. Don’t carry too many things into the interview. A notebook, pens, and/or laptop computer should be carried in a briefcase.
D. Hair and nails should be clean and neat.
Body Paragraph #2- Topic Sentence: ____________ A. supporting idea B. supporting idea
Body Paragraph #3- Topic Sentence: ____________ A. supporting idea B. supporting idea
IV. Body Paragraph #3- Topic Sentence: _________ A. supporting idea B. supporting idea
作文提纲如何写
作文提纲如何写英文回答：An outline is a crucial tool for organizing your thoughts and ideas when writing an essay. It provides a structured framework that helps you stay focused, develop a logical flow of ideas, and avoid digressions. Here are some key elements of an outline:Introduction: This section introduces your topic, states your thesis statement, and provides a brief overview of the main points you will cover in the essay.Body Paragraphs: Each body paragraph should focus on a specific aspect of your thesis statement. Use topic sentences to introduce each paragraph and provide evidence to support your claims. Transition words can help you smoothly connect ideas between paragraphs.Conclusion: This section summarizes the main points ofyour essay, restates your thesis statement, and may provide some concluding remarks or insights.中文回答：作文提纲如何写。
(优质)怎么写英语文章的Outline即提纲PPT课件
Conclusion
The n a formal outline, Roman numerals can be used to represent paragraphs. Capital letters can be used to represent supporting details for the paragraphs.
Essay Outline
I. Introduction
Thesis: ____________________
II. Body Paragraph #1- Topic Sentence: _________ A. supporting idea B. supporting idea
III. Body Paragraph #2- Topic Sentence: _________ A. supporting idea B. supporting idea
Introduction
The Benefits of an Outline
An outline of an essay can be very helpful for two reasons:
An outline will help make your essay more organized. A careful plan will help your body paragraphs stay focused on the ideas in your thesis statement.
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Paper
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When you build a house you should have a ground plan first and an outline is your ground plan for “building” your research paper.
• The standard outline system • The decimal outline system
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Sample of the standard system
I. The two reasons for …
A. The first reason…
1. The women…
a. They would…
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Sample 2
Topic : Naturalism in Dreiser’s Sister Carrie
Thesis statement : Influenced by naturalism, Sister Carrie
typically reflects Dreiser’s view of nature and man in the social environment of his time.
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II. The procedure of preparing an outline
A. Having a satisfactory thesis statement; B. Reviewing all your note cards and bringing
related materials together under some general headings; C. Arranging these headings according to the development of your thought; D. Forming a logical preliminary outline; E. Discussing your preliminary outline with your advisor.
III. The general contents of an outline
IV. The principles for writing an outline
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What is an outline ?
An outline is a basic writing plan which consists of a series of phrases or sentences and shows the main points that the paper will cover and the order in which these points will be mentioned.
(1)The time…
(a)The technology…
Hale Waihona Puke (b)The public…
(2)The place…
b. They could…
2. The men…
B. The second reason…
II. The reasons against…
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Sample of the decimal system
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III. The general contents of an outline
A. Two major formats of outline; B. Two major types of outline
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What are the two major formats of outline ?
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What is the function of an outline ?
An outline gives the writer a specific guidance as to what kind of supporting details you should look for in your further research and where you can fit them into the context of your paper. The readers, on the other hand, benefit from the outline as a complete and detailed table of contents.
Sample 1 Topic: Pair work Design and Learners’
Interest Thesis statement:
Learners’ interest in pair work is increased by well designed pair work exercises.
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论文提纲的编写是论文写作过程 中基本的十分重要的一步,是在论文写 作之前对全文的整体构思, 它帮助我们 大致确定论文的基本结构和各部分之 间的逻辑关系。因此，它是一种尝试 性的构建论文框架的过程。
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I. The definition and function of an outline
II. The procedure of preparing an outline
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What is a thesis statement? （主题陈述）
• A thesis statement is usually a single sentence that will give you a central focus for organization of your paper.
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• A thesis statement is usually put in front of your outline in a declarative form that summarizes the central idea of the paper you will write.
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Samples of thesis statement