经济学人读译Over the cliff
经济学人读译中非关系Not as bad as they say
Chinese-African attitudes中非关系Not as bad as they say没他们说的那么坏Zambians—and other Africans—know they must get along with the Chinese赞比亚人和其他非洲人都知道要和中国好好相处“WE WANT the Chinese to leave and the old colonial rulers to return,” said the populist Michael Sata. “They exploited our natural resources too, but at least they took good care of us. They built schools, taught us their language and brought us the British civilisation…at least Western capitalism has a human face; the Chinese are only out to exploit us.”公民主义者迈克尔塞塔说：“我们要求中国人离开，让旧殖民者回来。
西方人也掠夺我们的自然资源，但起码他们把我们照顾的好好的。
他们兴建学校，教授他们的语言给我们并带给我们英国文明.西方资本主义殖民者至少还做做样子，而中国人只是在一味的掠夺我们。
”But that was in 2007, when Mr Sata, as leader of the Patriotic Front, then Zambia’s main opposition party, was eager to tap into growing resentment against Chinese investors in thecopper-rich former British colony. He accused them of paying slave wages, of flouting basic safety and environmental standards, and of corrupting African leaders across the continent with their multi-billion dollar “no-strings-attached”deals. China threatened to break off relations with Zambia should Mr Sata ever be elected.但那是在2007年的时候，当时塞塔是赞比亚最大的反对党“爱国前线”的领袖，他迫不及待地利用群众对在铜矿丰富的前英国殖民地中国投资者的仇恨情绪。
英语学习_（6-10）《经济学人》中英对照_必备
英语学习_（6-10）《经济学⼈》中英对照_必备弃我去者，昨⽇之⽇不可留乱我⼼者，今⽇之⽇多烦忧TEXT 6Travelling with baggage背着⾏囊去旅⾏Feb 16th 2006From The Economist print edition（1）FEW modern travel writers excite more hostility and awe than Sir ★Wilfred Thesiger[1], who died in 2003. Despising the “drab uniformity of the modern world”, Sir Wilfred ★slogged across [2] Africa and Asia, especially Arabia, on animals and on foot, immersing himself in tribal societies. He delighted in killing—lions in Sudan in the years before the second world war, Germans and Italians during it. He disliked “soft”living and “★intrusive[3]”women and revered murderous savages, to whom he gave guns. He thought educating the working classes a waste of good servants. He kicked his dog. His journeys were more notable as feats of ★masochistic[4] endurance than as exploration. Yet his first two books, “Arabian Sands”, about his crossing of the Empty Quarter, and “The Marsh Arabs”, about southern Iraq, have a ★terse[5] brilliance about them. As records of ancient cultures on the ★cusp[6] of ★oblivion[7], they are unrivalled.现代游记作家鲜有⼈能⽐2003年去世的威福瑞?塞西格爵⼠更令⼈敬畏。
经济学人读译Generation five 第五代电影人
Chinese cinema 中国电影业Generation five 第五代电影人Jun 16th 2005 | from the print editionIN 1978, something remarkable happened in Chinese cinema: the Beijing Film Academy, China's national film school, reopened for the first time after it was closed during the Cultural Revolution. Four years later, in 1982, 153 students graduated and were labelled the “fifth generation” of film-makers to emerge since the birth of Chinese cinema. They were the first to see what the rest of the film world was doing. The innovations of Michelangelo Antonioni and Akira Kurosawa encouraged these Chinese fledglings to experiment in ways long absent from the stolid Chinese movies favoured by Madame Mao. 1978年，中国的电影业发生了一件惊天动地的大事：作为国家电影学院的北京电影学院在经历了文革期间的关闭后重新开始招生。
四年后，即1982年，153名学生毕业，他们被称为中国电影业诞生以来“第五代”电影制作人，同时也是中国首批关注世界其他国家电影界的人。
Unit5英国女王的去世标志着一个时代的结束
Unit 1：The death of Elizabeth II marks the end of an era 1英国女王的去世标志着一个时代的结束文章来源：The Economist 《经济学人》2022.9.8 题材：英国女王伊丽莎白二世逝世 【文章导读】摘要：It deprives Britain of a thread that wove the nation together, and linked it to its past. 英国去世了，英国失去了一根将自己与过去联系在一起的纽带。
句式及词组：1. marks the end of 标志着……的结束 【例】The announcement marks the end of an extraordinary period in European history.（柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典） 声明标志着欧洲历史上一个伟大时代的终结。
1Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during her lifetime and 15 at the time of her death. Her reign of 70 years and 214 days is the longest of any British monarch, the longest recorded of any female head of state in history, and the second -longest verified reign of any sovereign in history.（摘自Wikipedia ）Unit 5 人与社会英国女王的去世标志着一个时代的结束The death of Elizabeth II marks the end of an era2022年9月8日，英国伊丽莎白女王在苏格兰巴尔莫勒尔城堡“安详地去世”，享年 96岁。
外刊每日精读 Heavy lies the crown
外刊每日精读 | Heavy lies the crown文章脉络【1】美元的主导地位再次引发怀疑【2】引发怀疑的原因【3】美元的地位仍不可撼动【4】&【5】美元的巨大优势【6】越来越多西方公司以人民币为结算方式【7】多极货币体系或许不稳定经济学人原文Reserve currencies：Heavy lies the crownThe dollar’s dominance is not under threat today. But there are limits to the greenbac k’s power【1】Every so often an appetite surges for an alternative reserve currency to the dollar—and a market booms in predictions of the greenback’s imminent demise. For nearly three-quarters of a century the dollar has at a global scale dominated trade, finance and the rainy-day reserve portfolios of central banks. Yethigh inflation, fractious geopolitics and the sanctions imposed by America and its allies on countries such as Russia have lately caused dollar-doubters to become vocal once again.【2】Often these episodes are fuelled by a world leader’s spasm of anger towards the dollar. In 1965Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, then France’s financeminister, raged against the “exorbitant privilege” the greenback conferred on America. This time it was Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Brazil’s president, who on a recent visit to China called for emerging markets to trade using their own currencies. At the same time, a surging gold price and a fall in the dollar’s share of global reserves has roused other doubters, who can also point to this month’s admission by Janet Yellen, America’s treasurysecretary, that over timeusing sanctions“could undermine the hegemony” of the currency. It does not help that America could soon face a fiscal crisis if Congress fails to raise the ceiling that limits how much the government can borrow.【3】Yet the doubters’excitement has become detached from reality.The greenback exerts an almighty gravitational pull on the world economy that has not materially weakened—even if America has recently found that there arereal obstacles to exploiting its currency’s pre-eminence.【4】The starting advantage of the dollar is immense. Between a third and a half of global trade is invoiced in dollars, a share that has been relatively stable over the long term. It is involved in nearly 90% of foreign-exchange transactions; such isthe liquidity of the greenback that if you want to swap euros for Swiss francs, it can be cheaper to trade via dollars than to do so directly. About half of cross-border debtis dollar-denominated. And although the dollar’s share of central-bank reserves has fallen over the long term, it still accounts for about 60% of them. There is no sign ofa dramatic recent change, save that which has been caused mechanically by central banks revaluing their portfolios to take account of exchange-rate movements and higher interest rates in America.【5】No other currency is close to matching this ecosystem’s size, orits fundamental appeal: the supply of safe assets available to dollar investors. The euro zone is fragile and its sovereign-debt market is mostly fragmented between its member states. China cannot possibly satisfy global demand for safe assets so longas it both tightly controls flows of capital and runs current-account surpluses (meaning it is, on net, accumulating financial claims on the rest of the world rather than vice versa). And the dollar, as the dominant currency, benefits from network effects. People want to use the currency everyone else is using.【6】What is increasingly clear, though, is that individual countriescan circumvent the dominant system if they really want to. Though Russia’s war economy has been wounded by sanctions, it has not been crippled, in part because 16% of its exports are now paid for in yuan, up from almost none beforeit invaded Ukraine.【7】China’s alternative to the SWIFT interbank-messaging system has been growing rapidly. It has also been switching more of its bilateral trade towards settlement in renminbi—an easier task than replacing the dollar intrade flows between other countries. Even many firms in the West now use renminbifor trade with China. New digital-payments technologies and central-bankdigital currencies could yet make it easier to move money around the world without involving America.【8】Balance of powerMoreover, Ms Yellen is right that using the dollar to push countries around is no wayto make or keep friends. America has not placed secondary sanctions on countrieslike India which still trade with Russia, because it fears the backlash that would result. Although a shift to a multipolar system of currencies is not imminent, itcould occur later this century as America’s share of the world economy shrinks. Sucha system would be inherently less stable than one centred on the dollar—so it would be in the interests of neither America nor the world to hasten the shift.长难句：1.原文：Yet high inflation, fractious geopolitics and the sanctions imposed by America and its allies on countries such as Russia have lately caused dollar-doubters to become vocal once again.2.分析：本句的结构是主谓宾，主语是high inflation, fractious geopolitics and the sanctions，谓语是 have lately caused ，宾语是dollar-doubters ；to become vocal once again是宾补。
大学英语四级强化智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下哈尔滨理工大学
大学英语四级强化智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下哈尔滨理工大学哈尔滨理工大学第一章测试1.《卫报》(The Guardian)是（）的全国性综合内容日报。
答案:英国2.《新闻周刊》是（）时政杂志中因评论优秀而获得荣誉最多的周刊。
答案:美国3.《大西洋月刊》是（）最受尊敬的杂志之一。
答案:美国4.着重财经新闻报道的是（）。
答案:《华尔街日报》5.被称为“灰色女士”(The Gray Lady)的是（）。
答案:《纽约时报》6.大学英语四级笔试每年的考试时间是六月和十二月。
（）答案:对7.大学英语四级考试听力部分包括短对话。
（）答案:错8.《经济学人》是一份，由纽约经济学人报纸有限公司出版的杂志。
（）答案:错9.《洛杉矶时报》（Los Angles Times）是美国西部最大的对开日报。
（）答案:对10.《华盛顿邮报》(The Washington Post)，是美国华盛顿最大、最老的报纸。
（）答案:对第二章测试1.If the physical, psychological and environmental demands on workers （）their capabilities, hazards arise.答案:exceed2.If you don’t （） what may happen, you will find yourself at a loss whensomething crops up.答案:anticipate3.But a new study suggest s that constant instant messaging (IM’ing) andtexting among teens may also provide benefits, particularly for those who are （）.答案:introverted4.Emailing the neuroscientist and memory researcher Jim McGaugh one day,she （） that she could recall every day of her life since the age of 12.答案:claimed5.The program will offer patients several bags of food （） for their condition,along with intensive training in how to cook it.答案:prescribed6.Elaborate既是形容词也是动词。
从目的论视角下看《经济学人》汉译策略
从目的论视角下看《经济学人》汉译策略《经济学人》是一本享誉国际的知名英文经济杂志，其内容涉及全球政治、经济、商业和文化等多个领域，深受广大读者的喜爱和追捧。
随着中国经济的蓬勃发展，对外交流日益频繁，人们对《经济学人》的汉译版也越来越感兴趣。
在这种背景下，本文将从目的论的视角出发，探讨《经济学人》汉译的策略，分析其翻译过程中的目的和策略。
我们需要了解《经济学人》汉译的目的是什么。
众所周知，汉译《经济学人》的最终目的是让更多的中国读者了解和关注国际政治、经济和文化等方面的信息，从而提高他们对全球事务的认识和理解。
汉译的目的是向中国读者传递《经济学人》的原汁原味，让他们获得与英文读者同样的信息和体验。
基于这一目的，对《经济学人》的汉译策略应该是尽可能忠实地保留原文内容和风格，确保读者能够获得一致的阅读体验。
受限于中英两种语言的差异以及不同文化背景的影响，汉译过程中还需要采取一些策略来确保译文的准确性和流畅度。
针对英文原文特点和翻译难点，我们可以分析汉译的一些具体策略。
首先是词汇和表达的选择。
英文语言的表达方式与汉语有着明显的差异，因此在翻译过程中需要有选择地采用相应的词汇和表达方式，以确保译文的自然流畅。
其次是句式和语法的转换。
英文句式和语法通常较为简洁，而汉语句式多样，因此在翻译时需要对句式和语法进行相应的转换，以使译文符合汉语的表达习惯和逻辑结构。
由于《经济学人》的内容涉及多个领域，包括政治、经济、文化等，涉及的专业名词和术语也较为复杂和丰富。
在翻译这些专业名词和术语时，需要采取一定的翻译策略，包括音译、意译和注释等，以确保译文的准确性和专业性。
《经济学人》通常还涉及一些严肃的社会议题和时事评论，因此翻译过程中还需要考虑如何忠实传达原文的语气和语调，以确保译文能够传达出原文的态度和情感。
基于目的论的视角下，《经济学人》的汉译策略应该是忠实保留原文内容和风格的灵活运用各种翻译策略，以确保译文的准确性、流畅度和适应性。
《经济学人》ECO名人-人就一辈子100篇(中英版)41-50
TEXT 41The bane of Italy祸起意大利（陈继龙编译）Jun 29th 2006From The Economist print editionALEXANDER STILLE'S new book on Silvio Berlusconi, the flamboyant[1] former I talian prime minister, is neither a b________① nor a work of investigative journalism. Its real value is that it represents the firstattempt,in English at least, to recount in a readable fashion the story, not of Mr Berlusconi himself, but ofBerlusconi-ism.（1）That gives it a wide appeal, for, as its author argues persuasively, Berlusconi-ism is the extrapolation[2] to grotesque[3] extremes of a phenomenon that has gradually, and all too imperceptibly, become widespread.亚历山大·斯蒂莱的新作写的是个性张扬的意大利前任总理西尔维奥·贝鲁斯科尼，但它并非是一本传记，也不是新闻调查作品。
其真正的价值在于，它首次尝试以一种可读性较强的风格，记述了“贝鲁斯科尼主义”而不是贝鲁斯科尼的生平。
这也是本书独具魅力之所在，因为诚如作者很有说服力地论证的那样，“贝鲁斯科尼主义”是对某种现象怪诞至极时的推论，这种现象日趋普遍而所有人却都浑然不觉。
功能对等理论视角下财经新闻英汉翻译研究——以《经济学人》为例
功能对等理论视角下财经新闻英汉翻译研究——以《经济学人》为例一、引言当今世界，经济全球化不断深入，各国在政治、经济等领域交流日益密切，了解国际市场、掌握国际经济形势成为广大群众一大诉求，因此英语财经类新闻的翻译显得尤为重要。
《经济学人》作为一本财经类杂志，具有较高的国际知名度，其新闻报道兼具权威性与实效性，该杂志的准确翻译可成为了解国际金融信息的高质量渠道之一。
奈达的功能对等理论强调信息的准确传递和强调读者反应，即在准确传递信息的基础上，原文读者与译文读者应有一致的阅读体验。
文章以功能对等理论为基础，试图探讨财经类新闻在翻译中如何实现原文与译文读者取得一致的阅读体验。
二、功能对等理论动态对等的概念是尤金•奈达于20 世纪60 年代在《翻译科学探索》一书中提出的。
动态对等指出，译者不能仅仅关注源语与目的语间的对应关系，而该关注一种动态的关系，即目的语读者和目的语信息间的关系应与源语读者和源语信息间的关系保持一致[1]。
后来，为避免公众对“动态”一词的误解，在《从一种语言到另一种语言》一书中，奈达将动态对等替换为功能对等，进一步完善了理论内容[2]。
功能对等理论强调读者反应，即目的语读者对译文的阅读反应需与源语读者对源语的阅读反应保持基本一致，这就要求译文与原文在功能上达到最贴近的对等。
然而，在翻译实践中译者不可避免地会遇到无法跨越的障碍，例如源语中的文化表述、语言形式等很难再现，根据功能对等理论，这时应首先保证信息的准确传递，即最自然的对等。
可见，功能对等理论的两大核心即是信息的准确传递与读者反应[3]。
国内对功能对等理论的研究与应用涉及广泛，包括新闻、广告、文学、影视字幕等诸多翻译领域。
而新闻具有面向大众、真实准确、及时简明的特点，因此新闻翻译应具有更高的可读性与交际性。
财经类新闻同时具有专业性与民生性，二者的对立统一关系需要译者在翻译中更需要坚持功能对等，以最大限度让目的语读者获得与源语读者相同的阅读体验。
经济学人读译Fulfilling-promises-养老金：兑现承诺
导读】中国经济进一步发展，其人口老龄化程度也越来越深。
中国社保制度应当如何解决老年人的养老金问题呢？Pensions养老金Fulfilling promises兑现承诺China is beginning to face up to its pension problems中国开始直面养老金难题Aug 11th 2012 | HEIJINGYING | from the print editionIN THIS village in the cornfields outside Beijing, a 74-year-old woman whiles away the time in the forecourt of a local eatery, chatting to the owner stacking chairs around her. She can enjoy an unhurried retirement thanks to the money her daughter sends, the monthly pension her husband collects from his former employer, and, in the past few years, a small pension, now worth 275 yuan ($44) a month, from the Beijing municipal government.北京城外这座村庄的麦田旁，在当地餐馆前的空地上，有一位74岁的老妇人和身边正在堆放椅子的店主闲谈，借此消磨时间。
她能享受退休后的悠闲生活，多亏了她女儿寄来的钱和她丈夫从以前老板那里按月领取的退休金。
在刚过去的几年里，还多亏了北京市政府发放的一小笔养老金，如今为每月275元（合44美元）。
Public pensions are fairly new to China’s countryside. Security in old age used to mean the family farming plot, not a pension pot. But by the end of last year 326m rural residents had been enrolled in a public pension, according to the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. That is an increase of over 240m since 2009, when China rolled out a new rural programme, based on pilot schemes in places like Heijingying. This wave of rural Chinese joins nearly 300m city dwellers enrolled in a variety of urban pensions. Add them all up, and China’s social-security system is now “basically” in place, the National Audit Office (NAO) has just said.公共养老金对中国农村来说还是相当新鲜的概念。
【新祥旭考研】外刊赏读 《经济学人》In the hands of an angry God
外刊赏读|《经济学人》In the hands of an angry God新祥旭考研：十年专注考研一对一辅导本文选自《经济学人》一篇名为“In the hands of an angry God”（《落在愤怒上帝手中》）的文章。
本文并非从神学角度讨论“上帝”是否存在，而是从心理学角度论证，认为相信超自然能力的存在是人类固有的心理，即使是无神论者也是如此。
这种心理倾向在生物进化和社会发展方面都发挥了积极的作用。
本文不谈玄学，完全从理性和证据出发，论证有力，语言流畅，值得品读。
原文Ⅰ①Many people think that religious belief is inherent to human psychology.②This does not mean that specific beliefs are wired,but that the brain is predisposed to believe in super natural agents.③Some proponents of this idea argue that supernatural beliefs have hijacked innocent or otherwise useful features of the mind.④But Dominic Johnson argues in“God Is Watching You”,belief in God—specifically,in supernatural forces that can punish—is a useful evolutionary adaptation.Ⅱ①Mr Johnson argues that there is little harm if you over react to something that turns out not to exist.②But underestimating a rustling in the undergrowth,which might conceal a predator,could be fatal,leading to evolutionary selection of a tendency to see agents everywhere.③The instinct is easily triggered,even in atheists.④Even pictures can set it off:in one experiment,an office honour-system to pay for shared coffee got more contributions when someone taped a picture of a pair of eyes on the collecting tin.Ⅲ①There is also a tendency in most people to put greater emphasis on punishment than on reward:losing$100is far more painful than winning the same amount is pleasing.②Why would belief in an angry god be any use?③When humans developed language,they could spread word of cheating,freeriding and the like.④Raping your neighbour’s mate might once have made evolutionary sense—spreading your own genes at little cost—but“in a clever and gossiping species,knowledge of selfish actions could spread and come back to haunt us”in the form of a furious husband or a village mob.⑤Since cheating is now costlier,belief in an invisible monitor helps people avoid those costs,and so survive with their reputations intact,and pass on their genes.Ⅳ①Mr Johnson noted that societies which punish cheaters are more likely to survive and grow.②He quotes John Locke,a17th century English philosopher:“Those who deny the existence of the Deity are not to be tolerated at all.③Promises,covenants and oaths,which are the bonds of human society,can have no hold upon or sanctity for an atheist.”④Those bonds and covenants allow societies to co-ordinate action and plan for the future.⑤Mr Johnson’s own research into 186preindustrial cultures found that moralising religious beliefs were more prevalent in larger and more complex societies.⑥The fact that moralising religious beliefs are more prevalent in more complex societies does not prove that one caused the other.⑦But the striking number and variety of examples add credence to Mr Johnson’s theory.Ⅴ①The religious instinct is too deep-seated,he thinks.②Instead,critics of superstition are best advised to work with the grain of human psychology rather than against it,finding more benevolent ways to satisfy human yearning for something“out there”.③What form such an atheist religion should take,though,God only knows.[481words]词汇短语1.wire[ˈwaɪəd]v.接通电源2.*predisposed[pri:dɪs'pəʊzd]adj.倾向于3.*proponent[prəˈpəʊnənt]n.支持者4.*rustling[ˈrʌslɪŋ]n.沙沙声5.honour-system无看守监禁制6.furious[ˈfjʊəriəs]adj.狂怒的7.*covenant[ˈkʌvənənt]n.协议8.hold upon控制力9.*sanctity[ˈsæŋktəti]n.神圣10.credence[ˈkri:dns]n.相信11.grain[greɪn]n.细粒12.*benevolent[bəˈnevələnt]adj.慈善的13.*yearning[ˈjɜ:nɪŋ]n.渴望（注：标*的为超纲词）点评Ⅰ①Many people think that religious belief is inherent to human psychology.②This does not mean that specific beliefs are wired,but that the brain is predisposed to believe in supernatural agents.③Some proponentsof this idea argue that supernatural beliefs have hijacked innocent or otherwise useful features of the mind.④But Dominic Johnson argues in“God Is Watching You”,belief in God—specifically,in supernatural forces that can punish—is a useful evolutionary adaptation.翻译：很多人认为，宗教信仰是人类心理固有的。
【财务知识】经济学人读译Thesilentmajority沉的大多数
【财务知识】经济学人读译Thesilentmajority沉的大多数The silent majority沉默的大多数A rare look inside a Chinese village中国乡村一瞥Apr 7th 2005 | BEIHE VILLAGE, SHANDONG | from the print edition2005年4月7日|山东北河村|打印版IN A country where 800m people, about 60% of the population, live in the countryside on an average income of less than a dollar a day, rural backwardness weighs heavily on the mindsof China's leaders as they dream of joining the ranks of the world's leading economies. And in a country whose Communist Party came to power on the back of a peasant rebellion, distant memories of the vehemence of rural discontent arouse fears that unless something is done to make peasants happier, China will be plunged into turmoil. To assess China's future, it is crucial to understand the countryside. But it is not easy.中国总人口的60%，即8亿人口，生活在农村，日收入不足一美元。
目的论指导下软新闻汉译翻译策略——以《经济学人》为例
目的论指导下软新闻汉译翻译策略——以《经济学人》为例摘要：本文在对德国功能翻译理论进行简要梳理的基础上，探讨目的论在软新闻翻译中的运用。
结合软新闻这一文体，选取《经济学人》作为材料，通过实例探讨目的论在解决软新闻翻译过程中存在的问题以及为解决这些问题而采取的相应翻译策略。
关键词：目的论；软新闻；翻译策略；经济学人一、引言当前，国际形势仍存在很多不稳定性及不确定性因素，各国意识形态冲突加剧，而新闻是实现国家之间信息交流、文化传递的最直接手段。
在此过程中，新闻翻译的作用尤为重要。
与题材较为严肃的硬新闻不同，软新闻更加贴近大众的生活，激发人们的阅读兴趣。
因此，在中外文化交流过程中处于更为重要的地位。
在分析了软新闻研究及其自身特点之后，笔者认为汉斯·弗米尔的目的论能够较好的指导软新闻翻译。
目的论强调翻译中的最高法则是“目的性原则”，翻译的目的决定了翻译的策略和方法，这与软新闻吸引读者同时传播信息的宗旨一致。
二、目的论概述目的论最早是由功能主义翻译理论家维米尔提出的。
Vermeer认为“目标文本由其Skopos决定，必须内部连贯，与源文本一致”。
后来经过Nord等人的进一步发展，形成了一个理论体系。
目的论的首要原则是使目的语接受者，即读者理解目的语的意义，并在目的语文化和交际环境中产生意义。
根据维米尔的理论，目的论有三个原则：(1)目的原则。
这是首要规则。
这一原则认为，翻译是由翻译所要达到的目标决定的。
(2)连贯原则。
它意味着译文必须为读者所理解，并且在读者的文化和所使用的交流环境中有意义。
(3)忠实原则。
它是指译者对原文的忠实，这种忠实取决于原文和译者对原文的理解。
“在此基础上，Nord提出了忠实原则，即原文的目的与作者的意图相一致。
当目的原则和所要求的交际目的与译文不一致时，应遵循目的原则，违反忠实原则。
三、软新闻翻译及其特点（一）软新闻的定义软新闻是指富有人情味、纯知识、纯趣味的新闻。
它和人们的切身利益并无直接关系；向受众提供娱乐，使其开阔眼界，增长见识，陶冶情操，如社会新闻、体育新闻等等。
3英语阅读-经济学人《Economics》双语版-Foodfirmsandfat-fighters
（2）：食品公司与减肥斗士【翻译交流】Feb 9th 2006From The Economist Global AgendaFood firms and fat-fighters食品公司与减肥斗士Five leading food companies have introduced a labelling scheme for their products in the British market, in an attempt to assuage critics who say they encourage obesity. But consumer groups are unhappy all the same. Is the food industry, like tobacco before it, about to be *engulfed[1]by a wave of lawsuits brought on health grounds?五家业内领先的食品公司采取了一项方案，就是在其投入英国市场的食品上作出标注，力图堵住那些说他们鼓励肥胖的批评人士的嘴。
不过，消费者团体仍然不开心。
食品业会像之前的烟草一样，被卷入一场关乎健康的诉讼之中吗？KEEPING fit requires a combination of healthy eating and regular exercise. On the second of these at least, the world’s food companies can claim to be setting a good example :they have been working up quite a sweat in their attempts to fend off assaults by governments, consumer groups and lawyers who accuse them of peddling products that encourage obesity. This week saw the unveiling of another industry initiative :five leading food producers—Danone, Kellogg, Nestlé, Kraft and PepsiCo—introduced a labelling scheme for the British market which will show “guideline daily amounts” for calories, fats, sugar and salt on packaging. The new labels will start to appear on the firms’ crisps, chocolate bars, cheese slices *and the like[2] over the next few months. A number of other food giants, such as Cadbury Schweppes and Masterfoods, have already started putting guideline labels on their products.将健康的饮食习惯和经常性的锻炼二者结合才可以让身体保持健康。
考研英语《经济学人》选读
考研英语《经济学人》选读在考研英语的备考过程中，阅读部分的重要性不言而喻。
而《经济学人》作为一份具有广泛影响力和高质量内容的英文刊物，成为众多考研学子提升阅读能力和积累语言素材的重要资源。
《经济学人》涵盖了政治、经济、科技、文化等多个领域的内容，其文章不仅语言地道、表达精准，还具有深刻的见解和独特的视角。
通过阅读《经济学人》，考生可以接触到丰富多样的话题，从而拓宽自己的知识面和思维广度。
首先，从语言层面来看，《经济学人》中的词汇丰富且用法灵活。
很多考研英语词汇在《经济学人》的文章中都能找到生动的运用实例。
比如，“proliferation”（激增；扩散）这个相对较难的词汇，在一篇关于新兴技术快速发展的文章中可能就会出现“the proliferation of artificial intelligence”这样的表述。
再比如，“mitigate”（减轻；缓和）这个词，可能会在讨论环境问题的文章里被用到，如“measures to mitigate climate change”。
除了词汇，《经济学人》中的句子结构也十分多样，既有简单明了的短句，也有复杂冗长的长句。
长句的分析和理解对于提升考研英语阅读中的长难句分析能力至关重要。
例如：“Despite the challenges posed by the economic downturn and the uncertainties brought about by geopolitical tensions, the company managed to maintain a steady growth rate by implemen ting innovative strategies and leveraging its core competencies”这样的长句包含了多种从句和短语，通过对其结构的剖析和理解，能够帮助考生更好地应对考研英语阅读中的类似句子。
5英语阅读-经济学人《Economics》双语版-Stuff of dreams
Stuff of dreams梦想的精粹（译者注：本文是关于画展的评论。
）Two exhibitions show how a pair of 18th-century painters, James Barry and Henry Fuseli, inspired the modern visual ★romance with[1] the gothic两个画展展示的是，两位18世纪画家——詹姆斯•巴里和亨利•富塞利——如何唤起了现代人从视觉上对哥特式艺术的憧憬。
THIS spring the bad boys of British art are ★making a comeback[2]. Not Damien Hirst and his friends, but the original ★enfants terribles[3]—★Henry Fuseli[4] (1741-1825) and James Barry (1741-1806)—who aimed, above all, to depict extremes of passion and terror in what they called the new art of the Sublime.今春，英国艺术界的坏孩子再次粉墨登场了。
我们说的不是达米恩•赫斯特和他的朋友们，而是亨利•富塞利（1741-1825）和詹姆斯•巴里（1741-1806），这两位“莽撞少年”的始作俑者，他们的首要目标就是要用所谓的“新派高尚艺术”去描绘极度激情与恐怖。
Barry and Fuseli are hardly household names; indeed since Victorian times they have been virtually ignored. But in the late 18th century, Fuseli, and for a short time Barry also, were prominent members of the young Royal Academy of Arts (RA) and influential professors of painting there. Barry's ★fall from grace[5] was the most dramatic, but there is much to admire in this irascible Irish artist who, like Fuseli, once taught William Blake. Barry's prolific historical paintings demonstrate his ambition to rival the painters of antiquity and the Renaissance and to practise what the then president of the RA, Sir Joshua Reynolds, always preached—that history painting was the noblest form of art. （1）But Barry found it hard to be bound by rules, and he turned history and myth into a series of ★tableaux[6] that were at once oddly expressionistic and deeply personal.巴里和富塞利这两个名字算不上家喻户晓，实际上自维多利亚时代以来，世人对他们已经不闻不问。
Mountains to climb经济学家读译 中英对照
Mountains to climb恢复经济困难重重August was a nerve-racking month for the world economy. September and October will be no better八月份的世界经济形势让人胆量尽失。
九十月份依然不会好转Sep 3rd 2011 | JACKSON HOLE, WYOMING | from the print editionCENTRAL bankers are not known for seeking solace in the heavens. But at their annual symposium in Jackson Hole, organised by the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, the world’s leading monetary mavens could be found, after dinner, peering enthusiastically into telescopes set up by the local astronomy club. As he spied the M82 galaxy, 12m light-years away, one central banker remarked: “That puts our problems into perspective.”央行行长不是在天空中寻找慰藉的人群。
由堪萨斯城联邦储备银行(Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City)组织，在杰克逊洞(Jackson Hole)召开的全球央行年会上，你可以发现世界顶级的货币专家们在晚餐后，满怀激情地透过当地天文爱好俱乐部搭起来的望远镜观看距地球1200万光年的M82星系。
一位银行家说：“这帮助我们全面地看待现有问题。
经济学人读译Emerging markets新兴市场The great slowdown大衰退
Emerging markets新兴市场The great slowdown大衰退A sticky spell for the emerging world carries warnings for its long-term growth 新兴世界面临的困难时期为其长期发展敲响了警钟①006 Leaders - Emerging markets.mp3(2.37 MB, 下载次数: 391)Jul 21st 2012 | from the print editionIN THE past decade emerging markets have established themselves as the world’s best sprinters. As serial crises tripped up America and then Europe, China barely broke stride. Other big developing nations paused for breath only briefly. Investors bet heavily that rapid growth in emerging markets was the new normal, while leaders from Beijing to Brasília lectured the world on the virtues of their state-centric economic models.在过去十年中，新兴市场作为全世界发展最快的经济体这一地位已经确立。
美国、欧洲相继深陷系列危机泥潭，踉踉跄跄；而中国却阵脚不乱。
其它发展中大国也只是在经济长跑中稍作喘息。
投资者认为新兴市场的快速增长是一种新常态，下注豪赌；中国和巴西的领导人则在世界各地发表演讲，宣传以国家为中心的经济模式的种种优点。
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【导读】财政悬崖面前，美国需要通过达成财务协议来实现“急刹车”America's economy美国经济Over the cliff?跌落悬崖？Barack Obama must do more than avoid an economic abyss. He has a chance to fix America’s finances对奥巴马来说，仅仅避免国家陷入经济深渊并不够；他有机会去整顿美国的财务状况Dec 15th 2012 | from the print editionBEN BERNANKE, the chairman of the Federal Reserve, is not known for his turns of phrase. But “fiscal cliff”—the term he coined to describe the tax increases and spending cuts that will hit America’s economy at the start of 2013 unless politicians agree to avert them—has inspired songs (“The fiscal cliff is a danger zone/It’s where grown men go when budgets are blown,”croons Merle Hazard, a satirical singer) and television comedy (Jon Stewart’s “The Daily Show” calls it “Cliffpocalypsemageddonacaust”).“财政悬崖”是美联储主席本•伯南克所创造的术语，指2013年初美国经济将面临增税和开支削减的打击（除非政界就如何规避达成协议，否则这种打击无可避免）。
伯南克并不以独特辞藻而知名，但“财政悬崖”这个术语给一些词曲作者和银屏谐星带来了灵感——讽刺歌手默尔•哈泽德轻声哼唱：“财政悬崖是一块危险地带/预算猛增时大人们就会去那里”。
而乔恩•斯图尔特在《每日秀》中称财政悬崖为“悬崖末世决战之灾”【注1】。
There have also been more serious consequences. The shadow of the fiscal cliff has depressed corporate investment. American consumer confidence has started to wobble. Growth is slowing,perhaps to as little as 1% in the fourth quarter. Policymakers around the world are fretting: Australia’s central bank has just cut rates, citing the cliff as a worry.还有一些更为严重的后果。
财政悬崖的阴影让公司投资萎靡不振。
美国的消费者信心已经开始动摇。
经济增长正在放缓，第四季度增长率可能仅为1%。
全球的决策者焦虑不安：澳大利亚央行把财政悬崖视为隐忧，日前下调了利率。
These worries are understandable but overblown (see article). In the short term the risk of economic catastrophe is minimal. The real threat—and the real opportunity for Barack Obama—lies in the medium and long term.这种担忧可以理解，但有些过分夸大了（见另文）。
在短期内，经济灾难的风险很小。
真正的威胁在中长期——同时这也是奥巴马真正的机遇所在。
The long and the short of it个中要点【注2】If lawmakers do nothing, America faces fiscal tightening in 2013 worth up to 5% of GDP. That is a Greek-scale squeeze. It would not take many months for it to push the country into recession. A complete stand-off between Mr Obama and Congress would lead to disaster even sooner, for unless America’s lawmakers vote to increase the “debt ceiling” (the maximum amount of debt that the Treasury can issue) by around March, the federal government will be unable to pay its bills—including, potentially, its bondholders. The damage from a self-induced default would dwarf even that from the fiscal cliff.如果立法者无所作为，2013年美国将面临高达GDP 5%的财政紧缩（与希腊的规模持平）。
这种紧缩用不了几个月就会让国家陷入衰退。
假如奥巴马和国会之间完全处于僵局，这场灾难将来得更快——因为除非美国立法者投票在明年三月前后提高“债务上限”（财政部所能发放债务的最大限额），否则联邦政府将无力负担其开支，还可能无力向持券人支付利得。
在自身违约所带来的危害面前，即使是财政悬崖的负面影响都相形见绌。
However, precisely because the consequences of prolonged stalemate would be so disastrous, there almost certainly will not be one. Either towards the end of December, or early in 2013, MrObama and the Republicans in Congress are likely to reach an agreement that avoids most of the tax increases and spending cuts, and raises the debt ceiling. Elements of that deal are becoming a little clearer: the Republicans seem to have given in to Mr Obama and accepted that wealthier Americans will have to pay more tax, probably through both limited deductions and higher tax rates.然而，然而，恰恰是因为长期僵持会带来如此严重的后果，所以这样的局面基本上绝不会发生。
在今年十二月底前，或者是在2013年早些时候，奥巴马和国会里的共和党人有可能就避免大多数增税和开支削减达成协议，并提高债务上限。
这项协议的要点渐渐变得明朗一些了：共和党人似乎已经在奥巴马面前做出了让步，同意国家向富人增税（可能通过同时限制税金扣除并提高税率来实现）。
But there are still two big reasons for America—and the rest of the world—to worry. First, depending on the details of the deal, there could still be too great a fiscal squeeze in 2013. Second, and more important, entitlement spending is America’s biggest long-term fiscal challenge. Any fiscal deal must reform Social Security (pensions), Medicare (for the old) and Medicaid (for the poor). Mr Obama has been demanding tax increases of $1.6 trillion over the next ten years, but has offered entitlement cuts of only some $400billion. He needs to increase the latter, to entice the Republicans into a deal and because it is the right thing to do.但美国和世界上其他国家仍然不能掉以轻心——有两大原因。
其一，2013年仍然可能有一次规模过大的财政紧缩，这将取决于协议的各项细节。
其二，也更为重要的是，美国所面临的最大长期财政挑战在于福利开支。
不管达成何种财政协议，都必须对社会保障（养老金）、（老年人的）医疗保险和（穷人的）医疗补助进行改革。
奥巴马一直要求在接下来的十年内进行16000亿美元的增税，但只同意削减大约4000亿美元的福利开支。
他需要加大福利开支削减力度，来诱使共和党人达成协议。
况且，这么做也是正确的选择。
America has a chance to straighten out not just its finances, but also the highly polarised politics that underpin them. Republicans believe passionately that higher taxes will wreck the economy; no Republican in Congress has voted for higher income taxes since 1990. Democrats believe equally passionately in the sanctity of health-care and pension schemes for the old. The last time pensions were overhauled was in 1983. Since then politicians have added handouts even as medical costs have soared and the population has aged. The result is a gaping, and growing, fiscal hole. America’s underlying “structural” budget deficit is almost 7% of GDP. Amongrich countries, only Japan’s is bigger.美国不仅有机会整顿国家财务，还有机会去整顿为国家财务打下基础的、高度两极分化的政坛。