Unit 4 Immigrants

• In August 1963, excerpts of the 1958 pamphlet were published in the New York Times Magazine. He was assassinated before completing the revision, but the book was nevertheless posthumously published in 1964 with an introduction by his brother, then Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy.
1820-1870


The reason for immigration in the period from 18201870 is quite clear. Land remained plentiful, and fairly cheap. Jobs were abundant, and labor was scarce and relatively dear. A decline in the birthrate as well as an increase in industry and urbanization reinforced this situation. The United States, in the 19th Century, remained a strong magnet to immigrants, with offers of jobs and land for farms. Glowing reports from earlier arrivals who made good reinforced the notion that in America, the streets were, "paved with gold," as well as offerings of religious and political freedom…
• The book contains a short history of immigration in the United States beginning in colonial America, an analysis of the importance immigration has played in American history, and John F. Kennedy's proposals for the liberalization of immigration law.
Four Immigration Waves in U.S.
First Wave • During the first wave most of the early colonists who settled in what is now the United States came from England. Many other colonists came from France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Scotland, Sweden, and Wales. Some colonists came from Denmark, Finland, and what is now Ukraine. The first Africans were brought as indentured servants, but most blacks arrived as slaves.
• Kennedy defeated then Vice President and Republican candidate Richard Nixon in the 1960 U.S. presidential election. He was the second-youngest President (after Theodore Roosevelt), the first 20th Century born President, and the youngest elected to the office, at the age of 43. Kennedy is the only Catholic and the first Irish American president, and is the only president to have won a Pulitzer Prize(普dy
• (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK, was the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963.
• Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas. Lee Harvey Oswald was charged with the crime but was shot and killed two days later by Jack Ruby before any trial. Today, Kennedy continues to rank highly in public opinion ratings of former U.S. presidents.
• Events during his presidency included the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Space Race, the African American Civil Rights Movement and early stages of the Vietnam War.
Second Wave • The second wave lasted from 1820 to 1870. Almost 7 million newcomers entered the United States. Nearly all of them came from northern and western Europe. About a third were Irish, many of them seeking escape from a potato famine that struck Ireland in the mid-1840's. Almost a third were German. Most of the Irish had little money, and so they stayed where they arrived, on the East Coast. Many Germans had enough money to journey to the Midwest in search of farmland.
1881-1920 • Jews came for religious freedom • Italians and Asians came for Work • Russians came to escape persecution
• America had jobs • America had religious freedom • America was hyped up in many countries as "Land of Opportunity" .
1607-1820
• Political Freedom - Political Refugees fear for their lives, Some want free atmosphere • Religious Tolerance • Economic Opportunity - People want a better life, better job, more money • Forced Immigration (Slavery) – There are two types of motivation for immigration • Push (need to leave in order to survive) • Pull (attracted to new way of life)
Third Wave • The third wave was from 1881 to 1920. Almost 23 million immigrants poured into the United States from almost every area of the world. Until the 1880's, most newcomers still came from northern and western Europe. They came to be called old immigrants. Beginning in the 1890's, the majority of arrivals were new immigrants, people from southern and eastern Europe.
America is a Nation of Immigrants or Descendants of Immigrants
• From early 1600s to the present, 42 million immigrants entered the U.S. • Largest mass migration in recorded history • They came mostly from Europe, but also from Asia and Mexico, as well as other places