transportation交通问题[1]

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备战2018年高考英语必考话题分类解析话题13交通（Transport）（含解析）

备战2018年⾼考英语必考话题分类解析话题13交通（Transport）（含解析）话题13 交通（Transport）【话题解读】世界上的交通⽅式多种多样——雪橇、马车、⾃⾏车、汽车、轮船等等。

轮⼦的发明和使⽤使⼈们的出⾏速度发⽣了翻天覆地的变化，轮⼦也是社会进步的推进者。

远在天南地北、千⾥之外的新鲜果品，快速运到各地供⼈们尝鲜；上学、上班、旅游、物资运输、传递信息，可以风⾬⽆阻，这些都是公共交通带给我们的好处，它既⽅便了⼈们的出⾏，⼜对减轻环境污染有重要的意义。

⾼考试题对交通这⼀话题的考查以各种题型呈现着。

如2017年新课标卷II语法填空，2016年北京卷完形填空，2017年天津卷阅读理解C篇，2015年江苏卷书⾯表达，2014年新课标卷II阅读理解D篇等。

【相关词汇】Ⅰ. 重点单词识记1. convey vt.运送，输送；表达2. postpone vt.延迟，延期3. section n.部分；部件；部门4. undertake vt. & vi.承担，从事；承诺，答应5. authority n.权⼒，权威；官⽅，当权者；批准，授权6. enlarge vt. & vi.扩⼤，扩展，增⼤7. anniversary n.周年纪念⽇8. growth n.增加，增长；成长，⽣长9. punctual adj.准时的，守时的10. arise vi.出现，产⽣11. pedestrian n.⾏⼈，步⾏者；adj.⾏⼈(使⽤)的12. aggressive adj.好⽃的，挑衅的，富于攻击性的13. crash n. & vi. & vt.撞车；碰撞；倒闭；崩溃14. fine vt.处以罚⾦15. drunk adj.喝醉的；n.醉汉，酒⿁16. unbelievable adj.⾮常坏(或⾮常好、⾮常极端)的，令⼈难以置信的→believe v.相信；认为→belief n.看法，信念17. enquiry n.询问，咨询；调查，查究，探究→enquire v.询问，打听18. annual adj.每年的，⼀年⼀次的→annually adv. ⼀年⼀次地19. detail n.具体情况，详情，细节→detailed adj.详细的，细致的20. departure n. 离开，出发；背离，违反→depart v.离开，出发21. load n.负荷，负载；⼤量，许多；vt.装载，装上，装⼊→unload vt.卸货Ⅱ. 重点短语识记1. drop off 中途下客或卸货2. link up 联合，连接3. at (...) intervals 每隔……距离或时间4. break out 突发，爆发5. make out 辨认出；理解，明⽩；假装6. put through 给某⼈接通(电话)；使经历7. decide on/upon 决定，选定8. put off 推迟，推延；使反感9. turn up 出现，到来；调⾼(⾳量等) 10. fill in 填写(表格)；消磨(时间) 11. a handful of 少数的，少量的12. split up 分组，分解；分离13. speed up (使)加速14. arise from 起因于，由……引起15. apply to 适⽤于为什么列车的座椅会如此丑陋不堪?No matter how many subway lines, buses,trams, trains, and other public conveyances weride, we are rarely left with a positiveimpression of the upholstery. How does thishappen?⽆论我们坐多少次地铁、公交车、电车、⽕车和其它公共运输⼯具，我们很少会对垫衬套留下⼀个好的印象。

关于交通工具的英语问题

关于交通工具的英语问题When it comes to transportation, there's a lot more to it than just getting from point A to point B. It's about the journey, the experience, and the stories that unfold along the way. Let's dive into some of the most common questions that pop up when we talk about vehicles in American English.1. What Are the Most Popular Modes of Transportation in the U.S.?The answer to this question can vary depending on the context. In urban areas, public transportation like subways, buses, and taxis are quite popular. For long distances, many people prefer driving, making cars a staple in American culture. Air travel is also prevalent for cross-country trips or international travel.2. How Do You Rent a Car in the United States?Renting a car is quite straightforward. You'll need a valid driver's license, a credit card, and to be of legal driving age, which is typically 18 or 21 years old, depending on the state and rental company. You can book a rental car online or at the airport, and you'll have a choice of different car classes and models.3. What Are the Rules for Driving in the U.S.?Driving rules in the U.S. are generally uniform across states, but there are some regional differences. You must always wear a seatbelt, children must be in appropriate car seats, and texting while driving is illegal in all states. Speed limits are strictly enforced, and drivers must yield to pedestrians at crosswalks.4. How Do You Navigate Public Transportation in a Big City?Major cities often have extensive publictransportation systems that include buses, subways, and sometimes trams or ferries. To navigate these systems, you can use a transit map, which is usually available at stations or online. Apps like Google Maps or city-specific transit apps can also provide real-time schedules and route planning.5. What Are the Safety Precautions for Using Ride-Sharing Services?When using ride-sharing services like Uber or Lyft, always verify the driver's identity and car details with the information provided through the app. Sit in the back seat, share your trip details with a friend or family member, and trust your instincts—if something doesn't feel right, end the ride and report the incident.6. How Do You Learn to Drive in the United States?Learning to drive in the U.S. typically involves taking a driver's education course, which includes bothclassroom instruction and behind-the-wheel training. After that, you'll need to pass a written test and a driving test to obtain your driver's license.7. What Are the Environmental Impacts of Different Modes of Transportation?The environmental impact varies greatly. Cars, especially those without hybrid or electric engines, contribute to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Public transportation, bicycles, and walking are more environmentally friendly options as they produce less pollution and can reduce traffic congestion.8. How Has Technology Changed Transportation in Recent Years?Technology has revolutionized transportation with innovations like GPS navigation, electric and self-driving cars, and ride-sharing apps. These advancements have made travel more efficient, convenient, and in some cases, more environmentally friendly.9. What Are the Legal Consequences of Driving Under the Influence (DUI) in the U.S.?DUI laws are strict in the U.S., and the legal consequences can be severe, including heavy fines, license suspension, possible jail time, and mandatory attendance at alcohol education programs. The social stigma associated with DUI is also significant.10. How Do You Plan a Cross-Country Road Trip in the U.S.?Planning a cross-country road trip involves mappingout your route, deciding on stops and attractions, booking accommodations, and preparing for various weather conditions. It's also important to plan for vehicle maintenance and emergencies, and to pack essentials like a first aid kit and extra water.Transportation is an integral part of American life, and understanding the nuances of how it works can greatly enhance your experience, whether you're a local or a visitor.。

雅思口语Part One思路解析：Transportation 交通运输.doc

雅思口语Part One思路解析：Transportation 交通运输交通是雅思口语考试中非常常见的一道题目。

因为是大家日常生活的一部分，因此难度并不大。

大体来看，城市里的交通方式有四种：公交车，出租车，地铁，以及私家车。

他们各有优劣。

公交车比较便宜，而且有公交车专用道，堵车的时候比较惬意，但容易拥挤，而且不太准时。

出租车私密性和舒适性比较好，但价格昂贵。

地铁文章来自雅思方便快捷，没有堵车的担忧，价格在可承受范围以内。

但上下班高峰特别挤，而且不是每座城市都有。

私家车最为方便，但会造成空气污染。

类似的话题在part two还有一个describe a long car journey you went on.How did you come here today?你今天怎么来的？I came here by bus. There is a direct line from my home to the school. It is very convenient.Why did you choose that form of transport?你为什么选择那种交通方式？I had no other choice. Since there is not a subway station nearby, subway is ruled out. I was planning to take a taxi, but could not find one. After waiting at the side of the road for 20 minutes, I gave up and took the bus.What form of transport do you usually use?你通常使用什么交通方式？I use subway for most times. It is quick, comfortable and relatively cheap. This article is from laokaoya website. What is most important is that I never need to worry about traffic jams. It has always been punctual and will still be in the future.Do you usually take the bus?你经常乘坐公共汽车吗No, not very often. It is very crowded especially during the peak hours. With so many people around, I can barely move. Also, you have to wait for the bus coming. Considering the traffic condition of this city, you can never know how long the time will be. (关于拥挤，大家可以看下这篇文章a crowded place，里面有更详细的描述)Is it convenient to take a bus / taxi in your city?在你的城市里搭乘公共汽车或者出租车方便吗？Yes, Bus routes connect every corner of the city. You can get wherever you want without much trouble.Yes, with the Didi application, a Chinese version of Uber, taking a taxi is very convenient now. You just need to make an order on the app and wait for the driver to call when he arrives.Is driving to work popular in your country?你的国家流行开车去上班吗？Yes, and it is becoming more and more popular because an increasing number of people can afford a car and most of them would choose to drive to work. After all, it is more comfortable and private.其它2019年5-8月雅思口语part1题库及答案。

新形势下交通运输业面临的问题及新发展方向

新形势下交通运输业面临的问题及新发展方向摘要：改革开放以来，国内经济得到快速的发展，我国交通运输行业也由最初的出发地到目的地的传统运输模式向较为复杂多元化的全方位的新模式发展，而且取得了一定的实际效益。

这种顺应时代节奏的变化也符合了当代经济快速发展的新需求，这种新举措也为推动国内经济发展做出该有的行业贡献。

这种新的大变化趋势势必会造成运输市场的特别大的冲击甚至是改革重组的新局面，这种新政策下的体制改革趋势，将对机关事业单位，国企单位，私企单位甚至是个人都会对运输市场的现有机制产生强大冲击。

本文通过对我国交通运输的现状分析，在新政策的指引下探索出交通运输未来发展的新方向。

关键词：交通运输;经济社会;发展方向Abstract:With the rapid development of economy, China's transportation industry has changed from simple and single mode to complex and persified mode, and achieved great results. Thequalitative leap conforms to the needs of the contemporary economicand social development, and at the same time makes great contributions to the national economic development. With the implementation of the "fee-to-tax", the road maintenance fee, transportation management fee, passenger ticket surcharge, cargo surcharge and other charging itemsare all changed into fuel tax. Under the new situation, it is bound to cause an impact on the transportation market.Keywords: transportation; Society; development direction一、新形势变化对交通运输的影响1.机构改革对运输市场的影响。

transportation交通PPT课件

Li Xiaohong: Hi, Bob! Did you go anywhere during the holiday? Bob: Yes. I have just come back from Beijing.
Li Xiaohong: Great. How did you go there? Bob: By train. I enjoyed the beautiful scenery on the way.
plane
subway
light rail
ferry
4
Can you guess the meaning of these two words？
carriage
spaceship
5
What do you think of the transportation in Guangzhou? It’s just so so.
1. Which city has Bob been to?
2. How did he go there?
3. What does he think the transportation like there?
4. How did he go to Tiananmen Square?
8
Read the passage and.
19
1
How do you go to school ?
I go to school by bus . 我坐公共汽车去学校
2
Can you tell me the names of these means of transportation?
bus
taxi
car
train
3

交通工具transportation 1PPT课件

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Bob takes the bus to go to school.
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Jack takes the train to go to Shanghai.
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I usually take the taxi to go to Beiguo supermarket.
What is transportation?
Its something that helps us to go from one place to another…..
Can you name any kind of transportation?
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้精选课件
1
What is the clown waiting for?
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19
How can Amy go from Madrid to Barcelona?
Amy can take………精选t课o件 go to Barcelona 20
How can this old lady come to Witty?
She can take……. to come to Witty.
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Let’s have a look!!!
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5
We can go to school…..
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on foot
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by bike
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by car
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by bus
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by taxi
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We can go travelling……

你所在城市的交通问题和解决方案英语作文

你所在城市的交通问题和解决方案英语作文Title: Transportation Issues and Solutions in Your City.In recent years, the rapid growth and development of our city have led to an increase in traffic congestion and transportation issues. As a result, residents are facing longer commute times, environmental pollution, and road safety concerns. In order to address these challenges, several solutions can be implemented.One of the key transportation issues in our city is the lack of efficient public transportation options. To alleviate this problem, the city government can invest in expanding the existing public transportation network, including buses, subways, and light rail systems. By providing more convenient and reliable public transportation services, residents will be encouraged to use public transportation instead of driving their own vehicles, reducing traffic congestion and carbon emissions.Another important solution is to promote alternative modes of transportation, such as cyclingand walking. The city can build more bike lanes and pedestrian-friendly pathways to encourage residents to choose these environmentally friendly options for short trips. Additionally, creating car-free zones in certain areas of the city can help reduce traffic congestion and improve air quality.Furthermore, the city government can implement policies to regulate and control the number of private vehicles on the road. Measures such as congestion pricing, carpooling incentives, and parking restrictions can help reduce the overall number of cars on the road and encourage more sustainable transportation choices.In conclusion, addressing transportation issues in our city requires a comprehensive approach that combines investment in public transportation, promotion of alternative modes of transportation, and effective policies to regulate private vehicle usage. By implementing these solutions, we can create a more sustainable and efficient transportation system that benefits both residents and the environment.标题：你所在城市的交通问题和解决方案。

交通问题大学英语作文高中

交通问题大学英语作文高中英文：Traffic problems are a common issue in many cities around the world. In my opinion, there are several reasons for this. Firstly, the rapid increase in the number of vehicles on the road has led to congestion and traffic jams. With more and more people owning cars, the roads are becoming overcrowded, especially during rush hours. Secondly, the lack of efficient public transportation options also contributes to the traffic problems. In some cities, the public transportation system is not well-developed, which forces people to rely on their ownvehicles for commuting. 。

Another factor that exacerbates traffic problems is the lack of proper urban planning. Many cities were notdesigned to accommodate the growing number of vehicles, resulting in narrow streets and limited parking spaces. Asa result, drivers often struggle to find parking spots,leading to further congestion on the roads. 。

英语作文交通问题

英语作文交通问题Traffic is a big issue in many cities around the world. The roads are always crowded with cars, buses, and motorcycles. People are always in a hurry to get to their destinations, which leads to reckless driving and accidents.One of the main problems is the lack of public transportation options. Many people rely on their own vehicles to get around, which only adds to the congestionon the roads. In some cities, the public transportation system is unreliable and inefficient, making it difficultfor people to rely on it as their primary mode of transportation.Another issue is the lack of infrastructure forcyclists and pedestrians. In many cities, there are fewbike lanes or sidewalks, forcing cyclists and pedestriansto share the road with cars and buses. This can be dangerous and discourages people from choosing more sustainable modes of transportation.In addition, the rise of ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft has added to the traffic problem. These services have led to an increase in the number of cars on the road, as more people opt for convenience over public transportation. This has only worsened the congestion in cities.Overall, the traffic problem is a complex issue that requires a multi-faceted solution. Cities need to invest in public transportation infrastructure, create more bike lanes and pedestrian-friendly spaces, and encourage people to choose sustainable modes of transportation. Only then can we hope to alleviate the traffic congestion that plagues many urban areas.。

交通问题英语作文80词

交通拥堵的挑战与解决方案Traffic congestion has become a pervasive issue in modern cities, causing delays, air pollution, and increased stress levels. With the rising number of vehicles and limited road space, the problem seems to worsen each day. To address this, cities must implement effective traffic management strategies. One approach is to promote public transportation, which reduces private car usage and thus eases congestion. Additionally, introducing smart traffic systems, such as real-time traffic monitoring and routing, can help drivers avoid congested areas. Furthermore, urban planning that prioritizes pedestrian and cyclist safety, along with bike-friendly infrastructure, can encourage more sustainable modes of transportation. By taking these measures, cities can begin to mitigate the negative effects of traffic congestion and create a more liveable environment for their residents.中文内容：**交通拥堵的挑战与解决方案**交通拥堵已成为现代城市的普遍问题，导致延误、空气污染和人们压力增加。

雅思口语part1话题范文：Transportation交通

雅思口语part1话题范文:Transportation交通与雅思口语的新题旧恨，请在这次考试后一笔斩断。

下面小编给大家带来雅思口语part1话题范文:Transportation交通，欢迎参阅!雅思口语part1话题范文:Transportation交通1.What transport are there in your city ?People in my city go to work or travel by bus. taxi or city train. The most popular one is motorcycles. People cannot ride bikes as my city is hilly and the roads are bumpy.2.Why do so many people in China ride bikes ?People in China like to ride bikes because bikes are cheap to buy easy,easy to ride and convenient to use.People always ride bikes to some places which are not far away,and they think it is the best way to reduce traffic congestion.Most people,even the young and the old,can freely ride bikes to go where they want.3.How do you think the traffic condition could be improved?I thunk most people are trying to find the answer as the traffic conditions are getting worse and worse in many cities. In my opinion,to develop public transportation, encourage bike riding and improve road construction are very important to relieve traffic congestion.4.Do you think transportation costs(gasoline, subway, bus and taxi fares,etc.) are expensive in your hometown?I think the transportation costs in my hometown are very cheap the bus fare. To relieve traffic congestion,the local government has perfected the public transportation system ，and has made the prices acceptable to all. At about one or two yuan every time,you can travel around most of the city. So many people get around by bus.5.Describe the advantages and disadvantage of saloon cars.Saloon cars provide people with an easy and convenient way to travel at a low cost. With the development of the public transport system, it is possible to get to most places in the city by saloon cars. However, during rush hours saloon cars can be very crowded-and sometimes, because of the traffic congestion.6.What do you think of walking? What kind people do you think like walking?I find walking a very easy and effective exercise to keep the body healthy.According to a report,proper amount of walking exercise can be beneficial to our heart and lungs. About what kind of people like walking. I guess they're the people like me who find doing sports too hard.7.What do you think about public transportation?Public transportation is the main part of the city transportation. It is beneficial for the environment and can even offer quicker and cheaper option. People can get the destination by spending only very little money and without worrying about the scarce parking space which are required when they drive their own cars.雅思口语Part1答案：Transportation交通1. Do you often use public transportation?If I need to commute to and fro somewhere without the hassle of jam, I use the public transport. I bet you know how it feels to self-drive in jams.如果我需要往返于某地又不想被交通堵塞困扰的话，我选择公共交通。

Transportation交通工具-英语讲解课件

bus
Transportation交通工具-英语讲解
metro
How do you go to school / travel？
你怎么去学校/ 旅行？
I walk to school.
I go to school / travel by
plane、bus、bike、taxi、train、 subway 、car、ship......
Transportation交通工具-英语讲解
Transportation交通工具-英语讲解
Road signs 路标
NO TOLL
这条路不收费
toll 通行费，长途电话费
Transportation交通工具-英语讲解
ONE WAY
单行路
TRUCK ROUTE
货车、卡车路线
PARK AT 90 DEGREES
Spring Festival travel rush 春运
验证码 verification code
Transportation交通工具-英语讲解
Tools of Transportation 交通工具
bus plane
bike/ bicycle car Transportation交通工具-英语讲解
他们正在船上捕鱼
ship 轮船
Transportation交通工具-英语讲解
Vehicle in the ancient times
sedan
boat
horse
gharry Transportation交通工具-英语讲解
feet
Vehicle in the modern time
bicycle
electromobile

Transportation交通工具英语讲解课件

Transportation交通工具英语讲解课件一、教学内容本节课选自英语教材第5册“Travel and Transportation”章节，详细内容包括交通工具的英文命名，如car, bus, train, plane, bicycle等；各种交通工具的特点及用途；相关英语句型，例如：“How do you go to school?”和“I go to schoolbus/train/plane.”二、教学目标1. 让学生掌握交通工具的英文表达，并能正确运用。

2. 培养学生运用英语描述日常出行方式的能力。

3. 增强学生对不同交通工具特点的认识，培养他们的环保意识。

三、教学难点与重点重点：交通工具的英文命名及其用法。

难点：如何运用英语描述出行方式，以及各种交通工具的特点。

四、教具与学具准备1. 教具：PPT课件、交通工具图片、磁铁、黑板。

2. 学具：单词卡片、练习册、彩色笔。

五、教学过程1. 导入：通过展示交通工具图片，引导学生用英语说出他们认识的交通工具。

2. 新课内容：讲解新单词和句型，让学生跟读并模仿。

a. 教师展示PPT，介绍各种交通工具的英文表达。

b. 学生跟读，并进行小组竞赛，看哪个小组读得最准确。

c. 教师给出例句，引导学生用新学的单词造句。

3. 实践情景引入：邀请学生扮演乘客，用英语描述他们的出行方式。

4. 例题讲解：讲解如何回答“How do you go to school?”这个问题，并给出几个示例。

5. 随堂练习：让学生两人一组，互相提问并回答关于出行方式的问题。

六、板书设计1. 板书Transportation2. 板书内容：交通工具单词：car, bus, train, plane, bicycle等。

句型：“How do you go to school?”和“I go to school bus/train/plane.”七、作业设计1. 作业题目：a. 根据所学单词，画出你最喜欢的交通工具，并标注英文。

英文作文交通问题

英文作文交通问题英文：Traffic is a major issue in many cities around the world, and it is no different in my city. The traffic congestion during rush hours is a nightmare, and it often takes me twice as long to get to work or home. The main problem is the sheer number of cars on the road, and the lack of efficient public transportation options.One of the reasons for the heavy traffic is the lack of proper infrastructure to support the increasing number of vehicles. The roads are often narrow and poorly maintained, leading to frequent traffic jams and delays. In addition, the lack of parking spaces in the city center forcesdrivers to circle around in search of a spot, adding to the congestion.Another contributing factor is the reliance on private cars as the primary mode of transportation. Many peopleprefer to drive their own cars instead of using public transportation due to convenience and comfort. This results in a high volume of cars on the road, especially during peak hours, leading to gridlock and frustration for commuters.Furthermore, the mentality of "me first" on the road exacerbates the traffic problem. Many drivers exhibit aggressive behavior, such as cutting lanes, running red lights, and honking excessively, which only adds to the chaos on the roads. This kind of behavior not only slows down traffic but also poses a safety hazard for everyone on the road.In order to alleviate the traffic issue, the city needs to invest in better public transportation systems. This could include expanding the metro or bus network, improving the frequency and reliability of services, and making it more affordable for commuters. By providing an attractive alternative to driving, more people may be encouraged to leave their cars at home, reducing the number of vehicles on the road.中文：交通在世界许多城市都是一个严重的问题，我的城市也不例外。

交通问题英文(课堂PPT)

3
Widen the roads.
Pedestrain bridge and tunnel .
Second part: traffic accident
Main reasons for traffic accident
❖1.Motoring offences. ❖2.Bad driving skills. ❖3.Bad road conditions and the lack of
Traffic problems in China and measures to improve our traffic
Group mumbers:郑邹李张
Traffic problems in China
❖Two main aspects of traffic problems 1. Traffic jam
Running red
lights
Speeding
Overload
2.Bad driving skills
Many people are not serious in learning driving skills
Negative emotions during a trip
3.Bad road conditions and the lack of measures for road safety
Drugs easily make people sleepy
Traffic accident
5.Natural conditions
Strong wind, snow and fog worsen the road condition
Measures
Improve people’s consciousness to obey traffic rules

四年级上册英语教案-Unit 3《Transportation》第1课时｜人教新起点

四年级上册英语教案-Unit 3《Transportation》第1课时教学目标•学生能够正确地口头和书写高速公路、车站、机场和码头的单词；•学生能够理解和使用“Where are you going?”这个问句，并能正确地回答。

教学重点•能够正确地口头和书写“highway”、“ station”、“ airport”和“port”；•能够准确理解和运用“Where are you going?”这个问句。

教学难点•学习和理解“Where are you going？”这个问句的运用。

教学准备•课件：包含 transportation 相关图片和单词；•小板书；•学生练习册及笔。

教学过程导入新知识1.与学生交流上节的内容，通过对话来引出新的知识点。

•T：上节课，我们一起学了一些交通工具的单词，你们还记得吗？•S：Bike，train，bus，car…•T：太棒了！今天我们要学习的是一些地方的英文单词，例如：某个城市的火车站，飞机场，大巴车站和码头等等。

2.讲解Key Words。

•T：Key Words今天是：highway、station、airport、port。

•T：请发音这些单词并跟着我读。

3.播放动画并练习。

•T：我将播放一个动画片，请看完后观察里面的交通工具及地点，然后请反复朗读动画片中高速公路、车站、机场和码头的英语单词。

•T：（播放动画片，学生观看并朗读。

）学习新知识1.了解并学习“Where are you going？”这个问句。

•T：Why are we learning these Key Words today？•S：Because we want to know where we are going.•T：Right. So, we need t o learn to ask others where they’re going. Watch me（说出“Where are you going？”这句话）. Can you all say itafter me？•S：（跟着老师说）Where are you going?2.学习怎样回答问句“Where are you going？”。

探讨交通问题的英语作文

探讨交通问题的英语作文英文回答：Transportation is a multifaceted issue that cities and towns around the world are facing. There is no one-size-fits-all solution, as the best approach will vary depending on the specific needs of each community. However, there are some general principles that can be applied to address the challenges of traffic congestion and improve transportation systems.One important principle is to encourage the use of public transportation. Public transportation can help to reduce traffic congestion by taking cars off the road. It can also be more environmentally friendly than driving, as it produces less emissions. Cities can encourage the use of public transportation by making it more affordable, convenient, and reliable.Another important principle is to invest ininfrastructure. This includes building new roads and bridges, as well as improving existing ones. Investing in infrastructure can help to improve traffic flow and reduce congestion. It can also make it easier and safer for people to get around.In addition to these general principles, there are a number of specific strategies that can be used to address traffic problems. These strategies include:Congestion pricing: This is a system of charging drivers for using roads during peak hours. Congestion pricing can help to reduce traffic congestion by discouraging people from driving during these times.High-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes: These are lanes that are reserved for vehicles with multiple occupants. HOV lanes can help to encourage carpooling and reduce the number of single-occupancy vehicles on the road.Park-and-ride facilities: These are facilities that allow people to park their cars and take publictransportation to their destination. Park-and-ride facilities can help to reduce traffic congestion by taking cars off the road.Intelligent transportation systems (ITS): These are systems that use technology to improve the efficiency of transportation systems. ITS can help to improve traffic flow, reduce congestion, and provide real-time information to drivers.By implementing these and other strategies, cities and towns can improve their transportation systems and reduce traffic congestion. This can lead to a number of benefits, including improved air quality, reduced travel times, and increased economic productivity.中文回答：交通是世界各地城市和城镇面临的一个多方面的问题。

transportation交通问题

• 人口，土地用途，基本設施及交通工具合併產生的功能
1. Population Growth 人口增長 vs Infrastructure 基建
Population Growth 人口增長：
• Very high 非常高(table 2)
Population density 人口密度：high 高
- urban area has become chaotic and overcrowded城巿地區變得混亂及過度擠迫 (Fig 3)
Infrastructure 基本建設 :
Inadequate 不足 • streets 街道 → narrow, winding 狹窄，多彎 → precarious 凹凸不平 • Transport network 交通 → has expanded slowly 發展慢 → can’t meet the increasing demand不能配
- for every 10,000 population, there is about 0.11 mile of bus route 每10,000 人口，巴士路線只有0.11哩
路收費
2. Encourage the use of Mass Transit System鼓勵使用大型運輸系統 (集體運輸工具)
• Bus – only lane 巴士專線
• Electric rail system 電器化火車
3. Building of ring roads and by-pass 建環形路
- pass a city without having to pass through its busy inner areas繞過城巿，而無須經過繁忙的內城