2018年北京中考英语时态总结

2018年北京中考英语时态总结
中考英语时态总结
1999年的除夕之夜，“山丹丹”组合的小品“昨天，今天，明天”不知笑掉了多少人的大板儿牙。

这个作品经久不衰的原因不仅是因为内容与语言的诙谐，更重要的是这个小品精辟的名字，完全将语言中时态的问题展现的淋漓尽致。

“昨天，今天，明天”，即“过去，现在，将来”，是英语时态中的三大部分。

然而，由于每个部分都会用不同的时态，例如一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，所以英语时态共有16种。

其中初中所涉及到的时态是7种左右。

北京中考近三年考察时态的数据
北京中考不仅在单项选择中考察时态，在完型，阅读，任务型阅读及作文中都有时态问题的考察。

学习时态问题要从三部分入手：
1. 每个时态的定义，即什么情况用什么时态。

2. 不同时态的谓语动词构成。

3. 每个时态所特有的时间状语。

最后便是每个时态所深化出的问题。

一，用一般现在时的条件：
1.表示某人或某物的性质或状态。

eg: Disney is an English teacher, and he is very fat.
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。

eg: He goes to school every day.
3.客观真理，名言警句。

eg: The earth goes around the sun.
二, 谓语动词的构成
•(1) be: am/is/are
•(2) do: do/does
•（注意：当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用三单形式）三，一般现在时的时间状语
(1)表示频度的副词：never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always 等。

(2) on Sundays, every night/day/week/month/year
(3) once a year, twice a month, three times a week等表示频率的短语。

四，知识深化
1. 一般现在时表将来的情况：
（1）if引导的条件状语从句和when/ as soon as/ not…until引导的时
间状语从句不允许将来时存在，要用一般将来时表示一般现在时，简称主将从现。

Eg: We will put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow.
Eg: I will tell him the news when/ as soon as he comes back.
Eg: Tom won’t leave here until Sam comes here.
（2）表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作。

如：
Eg: Are you on duty next weekend? 下周末你值班吗？
Eg：The train leaves at 12:00. 火车12点开出。

2.一般现在时表现在进行时的情况：
在某些以here, there开头的句子用一般现在时
Eg: There goes the bell.
Here comes a bus.
一，用一般过去时的条件：
（1）表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

eg: I got up at six this morning.
We visited the factory last week
（2）表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作.（过去常常做某事也可用used to do sth.来表示)
eg: When I was in the countryside, I often swam in the river.
He used to walk after dinner.
二, 谓语动词的构成
（1）规则：在谓语动词的结尾加ed。

（2）不规则
三，一般过去时的时间状语
（1）这一组,只要记住“昨天”,其它联想就很好记!
yesterday，the day before yesterday，yesterday evening，last night last+时间(last week , last month, last year)
2）这一组,只要记住“刚才”,其它联想就很好记!
just now = a moment ago 刚才刚刚
“段时间+ago”表示“……前”比如“三天前”就是“three days ago”（3）这一组,是考试常考的,需要特别记忆!
①this morning ②when I was five years old/at the age of ,
③in +过去时间词(in 1998) ④one day（有一天）once upon a time(很久以前) long long ago （很久很久以前）
四，知识深化
When引导的时间状语从句，主句或从句都可以是一般过去时。

Eg: The students were talking loud when the teacher came in.
The teacher came back when the students were talking aloud.
一，用现在进行时的条件：
（1）表示此时此刻或说话间正在进行的动作。

eg: --What are you doing?
--I’m re ading English.
（2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。

eg: 1)They are studying hard this term.
2)We are picking apples on a farm these days.
二, 现在进行时谓语动词的构成：
am/is/are ＋v.-ing / be + doing
三，现在进行时的时间状语
1.当时间状语为now, at present, at the moment, these days等时
2.含有look! listen! can you see?, can’t you see?之类的暗示词
Eg: Listen. They are chatting with Mr. Wang in the room.
四，知识深化
1.并不是所有的动词都有现在进行时，下列这些动词一般不用于
现在进行时态的句子中。

a. 表示感觉的动词。

如：see, hear等
b. 表示喜欢或厌恶的动词。

如：like, love等
c. 表示希望的动词。

如：want, would like等
d. 表示状态的动词。

如：be等
e. 表示归属的动词。

如：have等
f. 表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词。

如：know, think, forget等
2. go, leave, arrive, start, visit，move，die 等瞬间动词用现在进行时表示将来.
Eg: I’m going to Beijing this Sunday.
He is dying.
3.与副词always 等连用，表达说话人的某种感情色彩。

Eg：She is always thinking of others instead of herself. 她总是为别人而不是为了自己着想（赞扬）
Why are you always coming late for class? 你怎么总是上学迟到？（批评）
4.在时间，条件等状语从句中代替将来进行时。

If I am sleeping when he comes, wake me up please. 他来时如果我在睡觉，请叫醒我。

一，用过去进行时的条件：
1.表示过去某一时刻某一段时间内正在进行的动作。

—What were you doing at nine last night?
--I was watching TV at that time.
2.用另一类动作表示过去的时间。

I was doing my homework while my parents were watching TV.
二, 过去进行时谓语动词的构成
was/were ＋v-ing
三，过去进行时的时间状语
then, at that time, this time yesterday, at ten yesterda y…
四，知识深化
1.过去进行时常和always等时间副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的习性动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩。

Eg: Alice was always changing her mind.
2.注意在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句
中过去进行时的运用：
1）主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较长时，主句用过去进行时（从句用一般过去时）。

Eg: When the UFO arrived, I was watching TV.
2）从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较长时，从句用过去进行时（主句用一般过去时）。

Eg: While I was walking in the street, the accident happened.
3）若主，从句动作同时发生或无所谓先后时，主从句可同时使用过去进行时，此时的时间状语从句一般由while引导。

Eg：I was doing my homework while my parents were doing the chores. When和While的区别
①when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点，也可指一段时间，while是during the time that，只指一段时间，因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while 从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。

②when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。

③由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导，如：
a.When the teacher came in, we were talking.
当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为：
While we were talking, the teacher came in.
b. They were singing while we were dancing.
④when和while 还可作并列连词。

when表示―在那时‖；while表示―而，却‖，表对照关系。

如：
a.The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard
the sound of a motor bike.
b.He is strong while his brother is weak.
一，用一般将来时的条件：
1 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。

2―计划、打算做某事‖，表示已决定的、很可能发生的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。

二, 一般将来时谓语动词的构成：
（1）will ＋be/do
Eg: 1).They will leave for Shanghai next week.
注：当主语是I或we时，问句中一般使用shall，表示征求对方意见。

Eg: Where shall we meet tomorrow?
(2) be going to ＋be/do
Eg:--What are you going to do next Sunday?
--I’m going to listen to music.
※※※※※二者的区别
be going to do:1.―计划、打算做某事‖，表示已决定的、很可能发
生的事 2.某种迹象表明要发生的事。

Eg My mother and I are going to supermarket next Sunday.
Look at the dark cloud, it is going to rain soon.
注意：在下面几种情况下只可用will (shall)表示将来，而不可用be going to 结构。

（1）表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。

Eg: Will you please lend me your bike?
(2) 表示意愿时
Eg: We will help him if he asks us.
(3)表示单纯的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。

Eg: The sun will rise at 6:30 tomorrow morning.
三，一般将来时的时间状语
tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week , in a few days, (in+一段时间表将来，用how soon 提问)，next Sunday, in 2018
四，知识深化
1，瞬间动词的现在进行时可表将来：
Eg：She is going there tomorrow. / He is dying.
2. if引导的条件状语从句和when/ as soon as/ not…until引导的时间状语从句不允许将来时存在，要用一般将来时表示一般现在时，简称主将从现。

Eg: We will put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow.
Eg: I will tell his the news when/ as soon as he comes back.
Eg: Tom won’t leave here until Sam comes here.
一，用现在完成时的条件：
表示过去发生的或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响后结果。

Eg:1)—Have you had your lunch yet?
--Yes, I have. I’ve just had it.
2)I have lost my pen.
3)I have already watched the TV play.
4)—Have you found your lost pen?
--No, I haven’t found it yet.
注：在现在完成时当中，如果时间状语为表示一段的时间，那么谓语动词一定不能是瞬间动词，要不瞬间动词转为相应的延续性动词:
常考的瞬间动词：
die--be dead borrow--keep
leave--be away buy-- have
begin--be(on) join--be a member of/be in become—be open\close--be open/ be closed finish--be over put on--wear
catch a cold--have a cold go to--be in
arrive in\at--be in move\come\get to--be in
二, 谓语动词的构成
(1)be: have/has been (2)do: have/has done
三，现在完成时的时间状语：
since..., for... ever, never, recently（最近）already, yet
in/during the last/past two years, so far, once, twice before
注意：already, yet常和现在完成时连用。

1）already 用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前也可放在句末。

2）yet用于疑问句，表示―已经‖，用于否定句，表―还‖，常放在句末。

1)I have never been to Egypt before.
2)It has snowed twice here.
非延续性动词的现在完成时常用下列结构表示：
主语＋have/has been ＋adj./n./prep-phrase
eg: 1)He has been dead for two years.
2)He has been a Party member for a year.
3)I have been in this school for half a year.
四，知识深化
1. for+时间段
since+时间点（现在完成时）主句+since+从句（一般过去时）他在这工作五年了的六种说法：
1.He has worked here for 5 years.
2.He has worked here since 5 years ago.
3.He has worked here since 2011.
4.It has been 5 years since he worked here.
5.5 years has passed since he worked here.
6. It is for 5 years that he has worked here.
2.have been to / have gone to / have been in 的区别
(1)have(has)been to表示―曾经去过某地‖,现在已经不在那里了.可与just ,ever ,never等连用
Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城.
Have you ever been to Hangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗?
(2)have(has) gone to 意为―到某地去了‖,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中.总之,说话时该人不在现场,一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语.
Jack Johnson has gone to London.杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了.
(3)have(has) been in 表示―在某地呆多长时间‖,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如：since ,for , how long 等
Eg: Mr.Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了.
3. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：
I turned off the lights yesterday. (仅仅强调关灯的动作发生在昨天)
I have turned off the lights. （关灯的动作发生在过去，且影响是现在灯是灭着的。

）
一，用过去完成时的条件：
表示―过去的过去‖，即在过去的某一动作之前，已经发生了另外一个动作。

二, 谓语动词的构成：
(1)be: had been
(2)do: had done
三，过去完成时的时间状语
by last week/ by the end of last year/ when I got there
I had finished my homework before my father came back.
四，知识深化
初中阶段暂无
（2014年北京）28. —What do you often do at weekends?
—I often ____ my grandparents.
A.visit
B. visited
C. have visited
D. will visit
（2016年北京）25. – Where did you go last weekend?
- I to the Great Wall.
A.go
B. went
C. will go
D. have gone
（2015年北京）29．These model cars ____ in China in 2013．
A．are made B．were made C．make D．made
（2016北京）26. Please don’t make so much noise. The baby____now.
A.sleeps
B. slept
C. will sleep
D. is sleeping
（2015北京）27．– Mum, where is Dad?
– He ____ flowers in the garden now．
A．planted B．plants C．will plant D．is planting (2014北京)30. —What were you doing when we were playing basketball yesterday afternoon?
—I ____ the classroom.
A.was cleaning
B. have cleaned
C. will clean
D. clean (2014北京)31. A new hospital ____ in my town next year.
A. builds
B. built
C. is built
D. will be built （2015年北京）30– Can you tell me ____ to London?
– Sure. Next month．
A．when you will travel B．when will you travel
C．when you travelled D．when did you travel
（2016北京）29. A new road near my school next year.
A. builds
B. will build
C. is built
D. will be built
(2014年北京)32. He ____ in this factory for 20 years already.
A.will work
B. works
C. has worked
D. is working （2015年北京）28．My grandparents____ in that city since 2008．
A．will live B．live C．have lived D．were living （2016北京）27. It’s nice to see you again. We each other since 2014.
A. won’t see
B. don’t see
C. haven’t seen
D. didn’t see
\
( )1.I will tell him as soon as he _____ back
A. come
B. comes
C. will come
D. came
( )2. Mary _____ on shoes when she ____ them.
A. tries…buys
B. tries… buies
C. trys… buys
D. trys… buies
( )3. The girl often ______ cold when she ______.
A. cathcs…dances
B. catches… dances
C. catchs…dancees
D. catches… dancee,
( )4. _____ he ____ himself there? No, I don't think so.
A. Do…enjoy
B. Does… enjoies
C. Does… enjoys
D. Does…enjoy
( )5. _____ your teacher ____ from them very often? Certainly.
A. Do…hear
B. Does…hear
C. Do… receive
D. receive
( )6. _____ your mother _____ some cleaning on Sundays?
A. Does…does
B. Do…does
C. Does…do
D. Do… do
( )7. _____ Tom _____to work hard to help his family ? Yes, he _____.
A. Has… x…does
B. Has…x…does
C. Does…has…has
D. Does… have…does
( )8. Which teacher _____ lessons to you every day ?
A. does …gives
B. does… give
C. do… give
D. gives
( )9. Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, ____? _____ , he does.
A. does he…No
B. does he…Yes
C. doesn’t he…No
D. doesn’t he…Yes
( )10.Mr Black often _____ fishing on Sundays, _____ he ?
A. goes…doesn’t
B. goes…isn’t
C. doesn’t go…does
D. doesn’t go…is
1.对于北京中考而言，时态题的解析方法就是在句子中找到时
间状语，然后便可以直接选出答案。

2.同时还要让学生注意每个时态的特殊用法，比如if引导的条
件状语从句，as soon as, when , not…until引导的时间状语从句主将从现问题可能会在2017的中考中出现。

( )10.Mr Black often _____ fishing on Sundays, _____ he ?
A. goes…doesn’t
B. goes…isn’t
C. doesn’t go…does
D. doesn’t go…is
( )11.He usually _____ TV on Sunday evening.
A. watch
B. watches
C. watching
D. is watching
( )12. We’ll go to play with snow if it ______ tomorrow.
A. snow
B. snows
C. will snow
D. snowed
( )13. Neither I nor he ______ French.
A. speak
B. doesn't speak
C. speaks
D. doesn't speak
( )14. Nobody ______ how to run this machines.
A . know B. have known C. knows D. is knowing
( )15. The Young Pioneer _____ water for the old man every day.
A. carry
B. bring
C. takes
D. carries
( )16. Some are ______ in the river and some are ______ games.
A. swimming… playing
B. swimming…plaiing
C. swimming… I playing
D. swimming…plaing
( )17. Look ! The boy students are _____ football while the girls are _____ .
A. playing… dance
B. playing… dancing
C. play… dancing
D. play… dance
( )18. He _____ to do his lessons at eight every evening.
A. is beginning
B. is beginning
C. begin
D. begins
( )19. _____ he _____ on well with his friends this term ?
A. Does…gets
B. Does…get
C. Is…getting
D. Is…geting
( )20. Mr Smith _____ short stories, but he ____ a TV play these days.
A. is writing…is writing
B. is writing… writes
C. writes… is writing
D. writes… writes
( )21. I _____ to the cinema. I ______ there every Sunday.
A. go…go
B. am going… go
C. go… am going
D. am going…am going ( )22. Look, they______ a good time, ____ they ?
A. have…do
B. have…don't
C. are having…are
D. are having… aren’t
( )23. You ______ about the future now, ______ you ?
A. don't think…don't
B. aren't thinking… aren’t
C. don't think… do
D. aren’t thinking… are
( )24. She always ______ something whenever she ______.
A .studied…played B. studied…plaied
C.. studied…plaied
D. studied… played
( )25. He often _____ late in the forest. It _____ me very much.,
A. stayed…worried
B. staied… worried
C. stayed…worryed
D. staied… worried
( )26. I ______that the boy _____ with no tears in his eyes.
A. noticed… cryed
B. noticed… cried
C. noticed…crie d
D. noticed… cryed
( )27. We _____the floor and _____ all the windows.
A. mopped… cleanned
B. moped… cleaned
C. mopped…cleaned
D. moped… cleaned
( )28. When I _____ the Children's Palace, the children _____ with joy.
A. visited… jumpped
B. visited… jumped
C. visited… jumped
D. visited… jumpped
( )29. ______ a sports meet last Sunday ? Yes , they ______.
A. Did they have… did
B. Did they have… had
C. Had they... had D. Had they (i)
( )30. ____ you _____out for a walk after supper ? Yes, I ______.
A. Did…went…went
B. Did… go… went
C. Did... went... did D. Did... go (i)
答案：11—15 BBCCD 16—20 CBDCC
21-25 BDDDA 26—30 BCBAD
20。