(完整word版)英国文学选读课后答案.docx

英国文学选读Poems:Hamlet (Act 3, Scene 1, lines 55-86)生存或毁灭 , 这是个必答之问题是否应默默的忍受坎苛命运之无情打击,还是应与深如大海之无涯苦难奋然为敌,并将其克服。

死即睡眠 ,它不过如此 !倘若一眠能了结心灵之苦楚与肉体之百患,那么 , 此结局是可盼的 ! 死去 , 睡去 ...但在睡眠中可能有梦 , 啊 , 这就是个阻碍 :当我们摆脱了此垂死之皮囊,在死之长眠中会有何梦来临?它令我们踌躇 ,使我们心甘情愿的承受长年之灾 ,否则谁肯容忍人间之百般折磨,如暴君之政、骄者之傲失恋之痛、法章之慢贪官之侮、或庸民之辱假如他能简单的一刃了之?还有谁会肯去做牛做马 ,终生疲於操劳默默的忍受其苦其难 , 而不远走高飞 , 飘於渺茫之境倘若他不是因恐惧身後之事而使他犹豫不前?此境乃无人知晓之邦 ,自古无返者进入我们无法知晓的地域所以 ,「理智」能使我们成为懦夫而「顾虑」能使我们本来辉煌之心志变得黯然无光, 像个病夫再之 , 这些更能坏大事 , 乱大谋 , 使它们失去魄力。

Hamlet P81. Why is sleep so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “ end”theheartache and the thousand natural shocks”?Nobody can predict what he will dream of after he falls asleep. Death means theend of life, you may go to or unknown world and you can . ’If hetcomebackdies,Hamlet ’s can't realize his will. Though “sleep can”end the heartache and thethousand natural shocks, it is a state of mind. Hamlet didn ’knowt at all. He isfrightened by the possible suffering in the long “dream”He. can’predict what willhappen in the sleep, may be good may be evil.2.Why would people rather bear all the sufferings of the world instead ofchoosing death to get rid of them, according to Hamlet?Death is so mysterious that nobody knows what death will bring to us. Maybebitter sufferings, great pains, heartbreaking stories ⋯Because people hold thesame idea "to grunt and sweat under a weary life, but that the dread ofsomething after death-the undiscovered country, form whose bourn no travelerreturns-puzzle the will, and make us rather bear those ills we have than fly toothers that we know not of? People” also are frightened by the myths in anotherworld after death.3.What, after all, makes people lose their determination to take action?Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.Conscience and over-considerations. He wants to revenge, but doesn’ t know how.He wants to kill his uncle, but finds it too risky. He lives in despair and wants tocommit suicide. However, he knows if he dies, nobody will comfort his father’ s ghost. He is in face of great dilemma. They don’ t know the result after their takingthe action. Such as Hamlet, he doesn’knowt what would happen if he kills hisuncle or kills himself. So Hamlet was hesitated.Sonnet 18 P15我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？你不独比它可爱也比它温婉：狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践，夏天出赁的期限又未免太短：天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈，它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽：被机缘或无常的天道所摧折，没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。

但是你的长夏永远不会雕落，也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳，或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊，当你在不朽的诗里与时同长。

只要一天有人类，或人有眼睛，这诗将长存，并且赐给你生命。

1.How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line?The poet opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved, "Shall I comparethee to a summer's day?" This question is comparing “ thee ” to the summer timeof the year. It is during this time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full ofleaves, the weather is warm, and it is generally considered as an enjoyable timeduring the year. The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similarcomparisons between the beloved and summer days.2. What makes the poet think that“ thou” can be more beautiful than summerand immortal?At the very beginning, the poet puts forth a question:“ Shall I compare thee to a summer’ sday?” Then he gives an answer: “ Thou art lovelier and moretemperate. On” the one hand, “ Roughwinds do shake the darling buds of May,and summer’ s lease hath all too short a date;” on the other hand,“ Sometime to hot the heaven shines, and often is his gold complexion dimmed. ”So from theabove two aspects the poet thinks that“ thou ” can be more beautiful than summer.In addition,“ And every fair from fair sometime declines, by chance, or naturechanging course untrimmed.” Compared with immortal, hy eternal“Butsummertshall not fade, nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’ st, nor shall death brag thou wand’ restin his shade, when in eternal lines to times thou grow’ st. ” Therefore, the poet draws a conclusion:“ So long as men can breathe orsee,eyesso canloglives this, and this gives life to thee.” In this poem, the poet makes“ thou ”beautiful than summer and immortal because of his beautiful lines. So in this case,“ thou ” in the poem can be regarded as female because love can beauty eternal.Or“ thou ” can be referred to male, for friendship can make beauty everlasting. Even“ thou ” can beabstract“love”or“beauty”which will become eternal in the wonderful poem.莎士比亚诗歌的两个主题：时光不饶人，青春和美丽是短暂的；只有诗歌才有力量使美丽与爱情永存。

(theme: 只有文学可与时间抗衡)Change, Fate, and EternityHowever much it might look he ’ s praising a beloved, this poet is definitely moreconcerned with tooting his own horn. Really, you could sum up the poem like this:"Dear Beloved: You ’ re better than a summer ’ s day. But only because I can make youeternal by writing about you. Love, Shakespeare." That message is whyimages and symbols of time, decay, and eternity are all over this poem. Whether ornot we think the beloved is actually made immortal (or just more immortal thanthe summer ’ s day) is up in the air, but it’ s certainly what the speaker wants you to think.Line 4: This is where the speaker starts pointing to how short summer feels. Usingpersonification and metaphor, the speaker suggests that summer has taken out alease on the weather, which must be returned at the end of the summer. Summer istreated like a home-renter, while the weather is treated like a real-estate property.Lines 7- 8: These lines give us the problem (everything ’ s going to fade away) that the poet is going to work against.Lines 9-12: These lines are full of all sorts of figurative language, all pointing to how the speaker is going tosave the beloved from the fate of fading away. The beloved ’ s life is described in a metaphor as a "summer,"and then his or her beauty is described in another metaphor as a commodity than can be owned or owed.Death is then personified, as the overseer of the shade (a metaphor itself for anafterlife). Finally the "lines to time" are a metaphor for poetry, which willultimately save the beloved, and "eternal" is a parallel with "eternal summer" inline 9.Lines 13-14: What ’ s so interesting about these lines is that it’ s hard to tell whethe the speaker is using figurative language or not. Does he actually mean that thepoem is alive, and that it will keep the beloved alive? Well, it depends what wemean by "alive." If we read alive scientifically, as in breathing and thinking, wellthen alive is definitely a metaphor. But if we read it as describing a continuedexistence of some kind, well then maybe he does mean it literally, since surelythe poem and the beloved exist for us in some sense.Sonnet 18 deals with the conventional theme that natural beauty will surely beknocked out with the passing of time and that only art (poetry) can bring eternityto the one the poet loves and eulogizes.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud P61我好似一朵孤独的流云，高高地飘游在山谷之上，突然我看见一大片鲜花，是金色的水仙遍地开放，它们开在湖畔，开在树下，它们随风嬉舞，随风波荡。