美国大选词汇
美国选举词汇整理
a)美国选举2.presidential candidate总统候选人3.opinion polls民意调查4.high gasoline prices高油价5.drilling oil石油开采6.political analysts政治分析师7.gun control枪支管理8.equal pay for equal work同工同酬9.electoral votes选举人票10.Obamacare奥巴马医改11.mark his ballot投票辩论第一场12.domestic issue国内问题13.submitted for approval申请批准14.health care卫生保健,15.closing statements结束陈词16.creating new job提供新的工作机会17.coin toss掷币猜先18.Great Depression经济大萧条19.the brink of collapse倒塌边缘20.. cut taxes减税21.roll back击退;把压低到标准水平22.invest in education教育投资23.wind down平静下来24.deficit赤字25.economic patriotism经济爱国主义26.crack down on 制裁27.balanced budget平衡预算28.trickle-down government垂滴式投资29.corporate tax rate公司税率30.extraordinary recession超常衰退31.loophole漏洞32.middle-income families中等收入家庭33.payroll tax工资税,34.property tax不动产税35.sales pitch推销商品的言辞36.tax breaks税收减免37.surplus剩余的38.Economic growth this year slower than last year, and last year slower thanthe year before39.tackle the deficit problem处理赤字问题40.massive economic crisis巨大的经融危机.41.deficit-reduction plan赤字消减计划.42.nomination提名,43.recession衰退44.revenue-neutral不会谋取额外收益45.autistic自闭的;孤僻的46.the federal government联邦政府47.Social Security社会保障48.prescription drug处方药49.under that scenario在这种情况下50.in fairness公正地51.decent相当好的52.primary beneficiary首要受益人53.private sector私营部门54.premium保险费,附加费55.administrative cost管理费用56.excessive过分的、过多的.57.boon恩惠福利58.leverage手段、影响力59.mortgage抵押60.churn out艰苦做出61.capital requirements资本的必要条件62.taxpayer bailouts纳税人救助63.repeal废除64.designate指定的65.blank check空头支票66.Congressional Budget Office国会预算局67.additional premium追加保费、附加保险费.68.arbitrary武断专制的69.lifetime limit终生最高赔偿限额70.irony讽刺71.identical完全相同的72.senator参议员73.partisan党派的74.fend 照料75.pay premiums付保险费76.institutionalize制度化77.get a rebate获得折扣.78.pre-existing condition已存在的医疗状况79.run for office竞选80.incentive动机81.vibrant economy充满生机的经济.82.create frameworks创建框架nd grant colleges政府赠地学院,yoff裁员85.the Constitution宪法the Declaration of Independence独立宣言.86.endow赋予87.Creator 造物主88.the pursuit of happiness当幸福来敲门89.pursue their dream追逐梦想90.food stamps粮票91.primary responsibility首要责任92.have commitment to恪守承诺93.legislative functions立法功能94.in a state of paralysis处于瘫痪状态95.partisan gridlock党派僵局96.undiminished未衰退的辩论第三场97.Democrats 民主党98.Republicans.共和党ernor州长100.foreign policy外交政策101.installed nuclear missiles102.national security 国防安全103.the challenge of a changing Middle East and the new face of terrorism 中东的新变化和恐怖主义新形势104.controversy争议105.ambassador大使106.spontaneous自然而然发生的107.an intelligence failure情报错误108. a pretty dramatic reversal in the kind of hopes事与愿违prehensive and robust strategy全面坚定的计划110.radical violent extremism激进极端的暴力,极端恐怖主义111.an enormous threat巨大的威胁112.extremism极端主义mander in chief军队总指挥114.refocused our attention on将关注点重新放在。
留学必备 美国大学生常用的英语词汇
留学必备美国大学生常用的英语词汇有时候,沟通的水平不一定是英语的水平决定的,留学生要想融入当地的考生,了解他们的思维和用词习惯也是很有必要的。
下面是的一些美国大学生常用的,希望能帮到大家!1、 penny-pincher和cheapskate都是指花钱很小心、吝啬的人。
penny是一美分,pinch意为“捏”,顾名思义,penny- pincher就是那些连一分钱都要在手里捏得紧紧的、舍不得花出去的人。
cheapskate那么是万事以省钱为本,越省越好,请客最多带你去 MacDonald。
这种人往往不受欢送,尤其令他们的女朋友反感。
从这个意义上说,cheapskate比penny-pincher更贬损。
2、spring chicken和lame duck是指春天孵出的小鸡和瘸腿的鸭子吗?当然不是,读一读下面这两句话,猜猜它们的意思吧。
(1)The woman said,over forty,so I'm not a spring chicken any more.(2)The governor of our state ended up as a lame duck when he lost the election. He still has six weeks left in office but there's nothing to do except to pack up his papers.实际上,spring chicken意为“年轻人,缺乏经历的人”,lame duck是指“竞选连任失败、即将卸任的官员”,也用来指“不中用的人”。
任何美国官员——从市长、州长、参议员到总统——都有可能因无能而被称为 lame duck。
3、egghead这个词在1952年的美国总统大选中被首次使用。
当时的竞选双方分别是二战盟军总司令艾森豪威尔和书生气十足的伊利诺伊州州长史蒂文森。
史蒂文森精心准备的竞选演讲文字华美晦涩,只有和他一样的知识分子才会感兴趣。
选秀节目中的英语词汇
perform for another chance at a spot in the
finals.
sentences
• 苏珊的个性和表现造成了一些争议,对她在海选 时候的反应许多人质疑他们以外表判断内容的优 劣是否正确。
•
Susan’s persona and appearance have
been somewhat controversial and the initial
coaches
sentences
• 前三季的美国偶像都有一个复活赛,被淘汰的选 手会重新回到舞台,争取二次冲进决赛的机会。 • The first three seasons each featured a wildcard show. Contestants who failed to make it to the finals were invited back to
选秀节目中的英语
Contents
1
2 3 4
Key words
Phrases Sentences
Famous programs
Key words
• 选秀
talent show /talent-search show (
NBA的选秀叫做draft,但和这种真人秀reality
TV show 显然不是一回事)
book by its cover.
sentences
• 此外西蒙在英国还拥有另一个超级流行的选秀类 节目《X-因素》。 • Last fall Mr. Cowell was on another top-rated talent show in Britain, “X Factor, ” which he also owns.
政治选举及美国选举常用词汇
政治选举常用词汇选举election投票cast a ballot计票count of votes投票日polling day投票箱ballot box选举程序electoral procedures选举大会election meeting / electoral meeting选举规则election regulation选民voter / elector初选primary election普选general election决定性竞选runoff当选be elected个人投票individual vote公开投票open vote合格选民eligible voter候补者alternate candidate候选人candidate候选人名单slate被选举权right to be elected补缺选举by-election (UK) / supplementary election (US)不记名投票secret vote / anonymous ballot差额选举competitive election差额投票differential voting等额选举single-candidate election弃权不投票abstention from voting发表政见state one’s political views法定程序due course of law法定人数quorum废票invalid vote / voided ballot否决权veto power改选re-election记名投票disclosed ballot决定性票decisive vote抗议票protest vote监票员ballot examiner拉票soliciting votes冷门当选者;黑马unknown elected nominee (dark horse)落选lose an election / be voted out民意测验public opinion poll投票后民调exit poll导向性民意调查push polling提名nominate提名者nominator领先者front runner压倒性胜利landslide victory在选举期间一连串的演讲、集会、旨在吸引选票的活动campaigning 浮动选民(即还未决定投谁的票的选民) floating voter竞选纲领manifesto美国选举核心词汇。
2016美国大选
特朗普用自己独特的语言风格,在竞选的舞 台上像「大砲」一样向选民发射自己的政治 主张; 希拉里则像一个「狡黠」的演说家,利用精 巧的话语策略向选民兜售政见。 不论谁最终赢得总统选举,两位候选人的话 语方式都一定程度上影响了选民的政治态度, 是民主竞选过程中重要的一环。
现在该回答那个问题了 我们 谁也不选 因为 我们社会主义国家不需要这么麻烦 我始终相信我们的政府 并且坚定的认为没有共产党就没有新中国 中华人民共和国万岁
另一方面,虽然特朗普也频繁地在说「知道(know)」,但实际上,他的话语中与「知道(know)」最相关的词却是 「不(don‘t)」——「不知道(don’t know)」。 「我不知道。我不知道是指的哪一个。(I don’t know. I don’t know which one)」;「我不知道,因为我们拥有这么多… (I don’t know. Because we’ve had so many…)」; 「我不知道他们是怎么做的,他们到达那里后又迅速离开了…(I don’t know how they did it — just, they were gone in minutes after he came there…)」… 特朗普虽然喜欢说「不知道(don’t know)」,不过这并不代表他真的什么都不知道。有时候他只是用「不知道(don’t know)」开头,以此来绕开主持人的问题,然后阐述自己的政治观点。 同样的,当他提到「认为(think)」时,关联最紧密的是「糟糕的(terrible)」、「观念(concept)」以及「一些事情 (something)」等这些缺乏实际含义的词汇。
美国选举制度的弊 第一,时间太长,令人厌倦。从初选开始到大选结束,将近一年的时间。如果算上初选前的准备工作,则有 一年半甚至两年的时间,真是一场马拉松式的游戏。每四年一次,一次一年。这样时间长而频繁的竞选,而 且几乎是重复同样的过程和内容,自然会使人们感到厌倦。此外,长时期的竞选,不利于总统和国会履行自 己的职责。如果是在任总统参与竞争,他难免要分散一部分精力用于竞选,因此有一年多的时间,他不可能 全力以赴处理国事。 第二,费用高昂,富人的游戏。美国的竞选费用呈不断上升趋势。美国总统选举是典型的金钱政治(当然这 并不等于贿选或“黑金”政治),虽然捐赠给候选人的竞选基金受到有关法规的严格限制,但捐给政党的钱 却没有明确的限制(被称作“软钱”),政党可以将之转用于帮助候选人竞选。金钱政治使得穷人望而却步, 甚至望而生厌。不参加投票者,穷人居多。 第三,驴象之争,两党垄断政坛。民主党和共和党已垄断美国政坛近一个半世纪,两党的价值观和政治纲领 在许多方面相近,而美国又是一个多元的社会,存在着很多利益群体。许多利益群体没有自己的政治代表, 而现有的政治体制又很难使第三党崛起。在投票时,很多关心国家大事的人都是采取“两害相权取其轻”的 态度,或者干脆拒绝投票。美国的一些小党如改革党,对美国现有政治体制虽然持激烈批判的态度,但他们 所提出的改革方案却很难行得通。
六年级美国大联盟数论专题讲义(含题目翻译答案解析)
六年级美国大联盟第一阶段-数论专题(教师版)学生/课程年级学科授课教师日期时段核心内容数论专题课型一对一/一对N 教学目标null重、难点null知识导图课首小测1. [数学竞赛] [难度:★★★ ] 专业词汇总结:prime 质数composite number 合数the square of 平方cube 立方 the sum of 和be equal to 等于odd number 奇数even number 偶数factor 因数multiple 倍数【eg:16 is a multiple of 4.(16是4的倍数)】prime factor 质因数 odd factor 奇因数even factor 偶因数odd divisor 奇因数whole- number 整数 multiple of 4 4的倍数Positive 正数 divisor 因数/除数a perfect square 一个完全平方数square of a a的平方 o di n t e g r奇数the greatest common factor 最大公因数the greatest common divisor 最大公因数the least common multiples of 最小公倍数digit 数字numerical digit 数字be divisible by3 能被3整除remainder 余数twice 2倍 is divided by13 除以13【参考答案】必备专业词汇总结【题目解析】必备专业词汇总结导学一知识点讲解一、质数与合数100 以内的25个质数(牢记)一位数:2、3、5、7两位数:以1结尾的:11、31、41、61、71以3结尾的:13、23、43、53、73、83以7结尾的:17、37、47、67、97以9结尾的:19、29、59、79、89偶数个奇数相加得偶数,奇数个奇数相加得奇数;偶数×奇数=偶数,偶数×偶数=偶数,奇数×奇数=奇数。
奥巴马胜选演讲语言风格赏析-精选资料
奥巴马胜选演讲语言风格赏析与就职演讲相比,奥巴马胜选演讲的语言风格呈现出用词朴实而寓意深刻,结构简洁而规范严谨的特点。
奥巴马在胜选演讲中善于运用朴实的词汇阐述深奥的政治理念,善于使用感染力强的排比句来带动现场气氛,形成其特有的语言风格。
本文拟以奥巴马2012年11月7日发表的连任胜选演讲为例,从主题、话题、语言风格这三个方面作进一步分析。
一演讲结构井井有条,主题承前启后奥巴马胜选演讲用时二十多分钟,谈了政治、经济、军事、教育、医疗、选举、移民等众多方面的问题,既答谢了方方面面,又充分阐释了自己的政治观点,结构井井有条。
演讲开篇首先点明主题,然后依次表达对各方的感谢,进而阐述政治见解,最后感谢上帝。
这个结构与奥巴马首次胜选演讲如出一辙。
奥巴马首次演讲一开始,他就旗帜鲜明地点明了演讲主题,这次连任演讲也是如此。
奥巴马首次演讲时讲述了一个老妇人深受种族歧视的故事,以此控诉黑人长期遭受的不公平待遇,今天他也讲了一位老父亲和患白血病女儿的故事,以此反映普通民众对民生的基本诉求,而这些正是他赢得民心的法宝。
在确立主题方面,奥巴马采用反复强调的词汇手段,演讲开始他说:Tonight ,more than 200 years after a former colony wonthe right to determine its own destiny ,the task ofperfecting our union moves forward.It moves forward because of you.It moves forward because you reaffirmed the spirit …在此段演讲中奥巴马连续3次使用move forward ,之后反复提起,forward 一词总共说了9次,达到了强调的作用,使之演讲主题与首次的演讲主题密切关联起来,体现了一种承前启后的关系。
奥巴马首次竞选演讲的主题是:Change has come toAmerica。
选举词汇中英对照
absentee ballot (缺席选举人票)由不能亲自前往投票站的人所投的票,可能是邮递或委托他人代投的票。
Bbackbencher (后座议员)非政府部门官员的议会议员。
ballot (投票)就是投票的意思。
ballot box (投票箱)一个密封的箱子,上面有一道缝,让选民可以把选票投入。
ballot paper (选票)一张列出了有关选区内所有候选人的名单。
在英国,投票人需要在其所选择的候选人的名字旁边画上“X”。
by-election (补选)因为一位在任议员死亡或辞职/离职所引发的选举。
Ccabinet(内阁)在政府最高层的高级官员。
candidate(候选人)参与选举角逐的人。
在英国,议会一旦解散,议员不复存在,只剩下候选人。
coalition (联合政府)如果没有任何一个政党得到所需票数单独筹组政府,两个或更多的政党连手组织出来的政府就是联合政府。
在英国,联合政府非常罕见。
constituency (选区)一个选出议会代表的区域。
在英国,这是产生一个议会议员的地区。
DDissolution of Parliament (解散议会)结束现届议会的行动。
election campaign (选举运动、竞选活动)由开始到结束的整个选举过程。
electoral register (选民名册)一个详细列出选区内所有合资格投票的选民的纪录,也称为electoral roll。
the electoral system (选举制度)赖以安排举行选举的办法。
exit poll (票站出口民调)在选民投票完毕、离开投票站时所进行的、查询他们的投票选择的民意调查。
Fthe final push (最后冲刺)在竞选活动最后阶段争取在大选中获胜的相关行动。
first past the post (以最高票当选)意思是,候选人只需得到简单多数票就可以击败对手当选。
floating voter (游离选民)尚未决定投票意向的选民。
新闻热词英语表达系列之72:“美国总统大选”
新闻热词英语表达系列之72:“美国总统大选”“美国总统大选”的英文表达为US presidential election。
美国东部时间6日零时,四年一度的美国总统选举投票正式开始,美国新罕布什尔州迪克斯维尔山口的选民率先开始投票,这标志着四年一度的美国总统选举投票正式开始。
美国大多数地区的投票将于美国东部时间6日上午至当日晚间进行,将从美国现任总统奥巴马和马萨诸塞州前州长罗姆尼两人中选出美国第57届总统。
尽管计票工作会持续较长时间,但基本反映选举结果的投票站出口民调结果在6日深夜(北京时间7日中午)将会揭晓。
我们来看相关英文报道:Voters in the tiny New Hampshire town of Dixville Notch cast theirvotes just after midnight (0500 GMT Tuesday), kicking off the quadrennial US presidential election on Tuesday.The town is the first to cast ballots in the nation. Polling stations elsewhere are generally open between morning till nightfall on election day.Only ten voters cast their ballots, and the result showed a tie, with President Barack Obama and Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney each garnering 5 votes.美国新罕布什尔州小镇迪克斯维尔山口的选民周二零时率先开始投票,标志着四年一度的美国总统大选正式拉开帷幕。
这一小镇是全国率先开始投票的地方,其他地方的投票站也都会在大选日的凌晨至傍晚开放。
外研版(2019)高中英语必修选择性第二册单词表(全)
外研版(2019)高中英语必修选择性第二册单词表(全)(区分课标与非课标)蓝色为非课标词汇。
Unit 11. integrity [inˈtegriti]n.正直,诚实;2. virtue [ˈvɝtʃʊ] 美德3. licence [ˈlaisəns] 许可;执照4. loan [ləun] n.贷款;借债5. adulthood [əˈdʌlthud]n.成年6. milestone [ˈmailstəun]n.里程碑或石;重大的事件7. election [iˈlekʃən]n.选举;选择8.wage [weidʒ]n.薪资;(pl.)工资;代价;9. tax [tæks]n.税;重负10. have a say 有发言权11.behind the wheel 开车12. ambulance [ˈæmbjuləns]n.救护车(船、机)13. legal [ˈliːgəl]a.合法的;法律上的;法定的14. mature [məˈtjuə] a.成熟的;慎重考虑的;15. instantly [ˈɪnst(ə)ntlɪ] adv.立即地;即刻地16. childhood [ˈtʃaildhud] n.幼年(时代),童年17. obey [əˈbei] v.服从;遵守18. subtle [ˈsʌtl]难以察觉的微妙的19. gradual [ˈgrædʒuəl] a.逐渐的;20. selfish [ˈselfiʃ] a.自私的;利己的21. organ donation 器官捐赠22. approve [əˈpruːv]vt.赞成,同意;称许;23. steady [ˈstedi] a.稳定的;持续的;镇定的;坚定的24.tempt [tempt] vt.引诱;诱惑;怂恿25. librarian [laiˈbreəriən] n.图书馆馆长26. household [ˈhaushəuld] a.家庭的;家常的27. commute [kəˈmjuːt]每天上班的路程28. deposit [diˈpɔzit] n.定金;押金mitment [kəˈmitmənt] n.投入,花销30. suitable [ˈsjuːtəbl] a.适合的;适宜的;恰当的31. minimum [ˈminiməm] a.最小的;最低的32.bittersweet [ˈbitəswiːt]n.半苦半甜;苦乐参半33. boarder [ˈbɔːdə]n.寄膳者;寄宿生;住校生34.varied [ˈveərid]a.各式各样的;杂色的35.cherish [ˈtʃeriʃ]vt.爱护;珍爱;抚育36. routine [ruːˈtiːn] n.惯例;例行公事;常规37.primeval [praiˈmiːvl]非常古老的;远古的38. boa constrictor 蟒蛇39.swallow [ˈswɔləu]vi.吞噬食物;咽下40. prey [prei]n猎物41.chew [tʃuː]vt.嚼,咀嚼42. digestion [diˈdʒestʃən]n.消化(力);消化作用;43. ponder [ˈpɔndə]vt.考虑;衡量;反思44.masterpiece [ˈmɑːstəpiːs]n.杰作;名著45. digest [diˈdʒest]vi.消化46. lay aside 把…搁置一边47.devote oneself to 致力于,献身于48. arithmetic [əˈriθmətik]n.算术;算术教科书,算法49.disheartened [dɪsˈhɑ:tnd] a.沮丧的,灰心的50.tiresome [ˈtaiəsəm] a.使人疲劳的;讨厌的51. at a glance 一瞥看一眼52. consequence [ˈkɔnsikwəns]n.结果;影响;53. intimately [ˈintimitli] ad.亲切地,亲密地54 .golf [gɔlf]n.高尔夫球55. politics [ˈpɔlitiks] n.政治;政纲;政见56. necktie [ˈnektai]n.领带57. evidence [ˈevidəns]n.证据;作证;58. airline [ˈeəlain]n.航空公司;航线59.memorable [ˈmemərəbl]a.值得纪念的;难忘的60.bond [bɔnd]n.纽带关系61.conclusion [kənˈkluːʒən]n.结论;推论Unit 21. security [siˈkjuəriti]n.安全;确信;保证2. moderator [ˈmɔdəreitə] n.调停者;主持人3. detox [di:'tɔks]n. 戒瘾;戒瘾诊所4. fundraising [ˈfʌndˌreiziŋ]n.筹款;募款5. switch [switʃ]vt.开通或关闭(电流);转变;6. switch on (用开关)开,打开7. motivate [ˈməutiveit] vt.激励;激发;8. occupy [ˈɔkjupai]vt.占用;占去9.profile [ˈprəufail]n.概况10.distract [disˈtrækt] vt.转移;分散;分心11. constantly [ˈkɔnstəntli]ad.经常地;不断地;12.towel [ˈtauəl]n.毛巾,手巾13. throw in the towel 认输14. access [ˈækses] n.进入;接近;接触的机会15.rely [riˈlai] vi.信赖;依赖16. rely on 依靠依赖17. deadline [ˈdedlain]n.截止时间;界线;最后期限18.procrastination [prəuˌkræstiˈneiʃən]n.拖延;延迟;耽搁19. appropriate [əˈprəupriit]a.适合的;专属的;特有的20.spit [spit]vi.吐出21.headphones [ˈhedfəunz]n.(pl.)听筒;耳机22. bin [bin]n.垃圾箱,仓,箱23.considerate [kənˈsidərit] a.慎重考虑的;体谅的;为别人着想的24. clarify [ˈklærifai]vt.使清楚;阐明;澄清;净化25. promote [prəˈməut]vt.升级;促进;奖励;26. headline [ˈhedlain]n.大字标题;(pl.)新闻广播的摘要27.max out(钱)花光,(信用卡)刷爆28.in contrast to 与…形成鲜明对比29.district [ˈdistrikt]n.区域;地域;行政区30. necessity [niˈsesiti]n.急需,必需;(pl.)必需品;贫穷31.toothpaste [ˈtuːθpeist] n.牙膏32.soap [səup]n.肥皂33.item [ˈaitəm]n.一件商品,项目;条(款);帐目34. unprecedented [ʌnˈpresidəntid] a.空前的;无前例的35.personal finances (个人的)财务管理36.jar [dʒɑː]n.广口瓶37.invest [inˈvest]vt.投资;花费38.lifelong [ˈlaiflɔŋ] a.终身的;一生的39.vision [ˈviʒən]n.视力;洞察力;想像力;幻想40. likewise [ˈlaikwaiz]ad.同样地,相似地41.objectively [ɔbˈdʒektivli]ad.客观地42.equip [iˈkwip]vi.装备,配备43. nail [neil]n.指甲;钉子;Unit 31. decade [ˈdekeid]n.十年,十年期间2.legendary [ˈledʒəndəri] a.传说的;传奇的;著名的;享有盛名的3.fixture [ˈfikstʃə] n.固定;固定物;设备4.elderly [ˈeldəli] a.年老的;稍老的5.tablet [ˈtæblit]n.平板电脑,块,片6.sympathy [ˈsimpəθi]n.同情;怜悯7. bunch [bʌntʃ]n.串;束;组8.a bunch of 一群9.dusty [ˈdʌsti] a.多灰尘的;粉状的;尘灰色的10.shelf [ʃelf]n.架;书架;岩路11. furniture [ˈfəːnitʃə]n.家具;日用器具;必需品12.mist [mist]n.薄雾;朦胧13.brick [brɪk] n.砖14.exterior [eksˈtiəriə]n.外观,外表;外景15.stationery [ˈsteiʃənəri] n.文具;信纸及信封16.saleswoman [ˈseilzˌwumən]n.女店员,女售货员17.leadership [ˈliːdəʃip] n.领导;统御术;领导权anic [ɔːˈgænik] a.有机的;器官的;有组织的19.recital [riˈsaitl]n.吟诵会;背诵20.jazz [dʒæz]n.爵士音乐21.pop up 突然出现,冒出来22.humble [ˈhʌmbl] a.卑微的;简陋的;谦逊的23. compete [kəmˈpiːt]vi.竞争;比赛24.emphasise['emfəsaɪz]vt. 强调, 重读, 加强25.reconstruction [ˈriːkənsˈtrʌkʃən]n.再建;改造;复兴26.journalist [ˈdʒəːnəlist]n.新闻记者,新闻工作者27.era [ˈiərə] n.历史上的时代;纪元28.reform [riˈfɔːm]vt.改革;改进,改过自新29.pave [peiv]vt.铺(路);铺筑30.pave the way铺平道路31.socialist [ˈsəuʃəlist] a.社会主义(者)的32.alongside [əˈlɔŋˈsaid]prep.在…旁边;横靠;与…并肩33.initiative [iˈniʃiətiv]n.倡议34.the Belt and Road Initiative “一带一路”倡议35.solid [ˈsɔlid] a.固体的;立体的;坚实的36.economic[ˌiːkəˈnɔmik] a.经济的;经济学的37.occupation [ˌɔkjuˈpeiʃən]n.占领,占有;工作,职业38.cafeteria [ˌkæfiˈtiəriə]n.自助餐餐馆,39.emoji [[ɪˈməʊdʒi]] n. 表情符号40.integral [ˈintigrəl] a.不可缺少的ponent [kəmˈpəunənt]n.成分,组成部分42.category [ˈkætigəri] n.种类;部门;类目43.expand [iksˈpænd]vt.增加;扩大;展开44.pictograph [ˈpiktəgrɑːf]n.象形图45.emotional [iˈməuʃənl] a.感情的,情感的,情绪的46.gesture [ˈdʒestʃə]n.手势;姿势47.facial [ˈfeiʃəl] a.面部的48.textspeak [teksts'piːk] n.短信简写语49.intention [inˈtenʃən]n.意图;意思50.adaptation [ˌædæpˈteiʃən]n.适应;改编51.accessible [ækˈsesəbl]a.易接近的;可达到的;易受影响的52.soul [səul]n.灵魂;精神53.tendency [ˈtendənsi]n.趋势;倾向54.facilitate [fəˈsiliteit]vt.使便利;促进cator [ˈedjuːkeitə] n.教育家56.pictorial [pikˈtɔːriəl]a.图画的57.secondary [ˈsekəndəri] a.第二(位)的;次要的ic [ˈkɔmik] a.连环图画的;有趣的;喜剧的;59. costume [ˈkɔstjuːm] n.服装;化妆服60.urgently ['ɜ:dʒəntlɪ] ad.迫切地;急切地61.convincing [kənˈvinsiŋ] a.有说服力的;令人心服的Unit 41.boundary [ˈbaundəri]n.界线;分界;边界2.statistic [stəˈtistik]n.统计数据3.assist [əˈsist]vt.帮助,协助4.tackle [ˈtækl]vt.处理,对付;解决;5.vital [ˈvaitl]a.极其重要的rade [ˈkɔmrid]n.伙伴;同事;挚友;同志7.tragic [ˈtrædʒik] a.悲惨的;不幸的8.Ebola [i'bəulə]n. 埃博拉病毒bat [ˈkɔmbæt v.防止,抑制10. relieve [rɪ'liːv]v.给(某人)换班11.specialist [ˈspeʃəlist]n.专家;技术兵12. infectious [inˈfekʃəs] a.传染(性)的;感染性的13.clinic [ˈklinik]n.诊所,义诊所14.disinfect [ˌdisinˈfekt]vt.将…消毒;净化15.outbreak [ˈautbreik]n.暴动;爆发;突发16.devotion [diˈvəuʃən]n.献身,热爱17.vomit [ˈvɔmit]n.吐出物;催呕药18.miracle [ˈmirəkl]n.奇迹;惊人的事例19.van [væn] n.小型货车;行李车20.twin [twin] a.同胎生的21.ward [wɔːd]n.病房pensate [ˈkɔmpenseit]vt.弥补;补偿;偿还23.collaborate [kəˈlæbəreit]vi.合作;协作;同心协力24.mankind [mænˈkaind]n.人类;男性25.realistic [riəˈlistik]a.现实(主义)的;实际的26.minority [maiˈnɔriti]n.少数,少数派27.cast [kɑːst]vt.投;选派(角色);安排28.inclusive [inˈkluːsiv] a.包括的;包容广阔的29.culture shock 文化冲击30.joint [dʒɔint] a.连接的共同的;联合的31. harmonious[hɑːˈməunjəs] a.协调的;和睦的,融洽的32.mutual [ˈmjuːtʃuəl] a.共同的,共有的33.rewarding [riˈwɔːdiŋ] a.有意义的;值得做的34.mount [maunt] v.走上,登上35. civil [ˈsivl] a.国民的;公民的36.civil war 内战37.slave [sleiv]n.奴隶38.confederate [kənˈfedərit] a.(美国内战期间的)南部联邦的39.union [ˈjuːnjən]n.联盟40.civilian [siˈviljən] a.平民的;百姓的41. division [diˈviʒən]n.分歧,分裂,分开42.bring forth使产生,使出现43.conceive [kənˈsiːv]vt.设想;构想44.liberty [ˈlibəti]n.自由45.delicate [ˈdelikit] a.致力于,献身于46.endure [inˈdjuə]v.持续存在47.battlefield [ˈbætlfiːld]n.战场48.portion [ˈpɔːʃən]n.一部分;一份49.altogether [ˌɔːltəˈgeðə]ad.完全;总共50.consecrate [ˈkɔnsikreit]v.宣布…为神圣之处51.hallow [ˈhæləu]vt.使成为神圣52.detract [diˈtrækt] vt.损害,减低,破坏53.nobly [ˈnəubli]ad.高贵地;高尚地54.in vain 白白地,徒劳地55.perish [ˈperiʃ]v. 死亡56.influential [ˌinfluˈenʃəl]a.有影响力的,有权力的,有势力的munist [ˈkɔmjuːnist]a.共产主义的Unit51.halfway [ˈhɑːfˈwei] a.中途的,半途的2.dramatically [drəˈmætikəli]ad.戏剧性地;明显地;显著地3.heritage [ˈheritidʒ]n.遗产;传统4.inhabitant [inˈhæbitənt]n. 栖居动物,居住者,居民5.penguin [ˈpeŋgwin]n.企鹅6. habitat [ˈhæbitæt]n.(动物或植物的)产地;栖息地7.rat [ræt]n.大老鼠8.subsequently [ˈsʌbsikwəntli]ad.以后;后来9.appetite [ˈæpitait] n.食欲;胃口;嗜好10.multiply [ˈmʌltiplai]vt.增加;繁殖11.vegetation [ˌvedʒiˈteiʃən]n.植物,草本12.erosion [iˈrəuʒən]n.侵蚀;腐蚀13.parakeet [ˈpærəkiːt]n.长尾小鹦鹉14.chaos [ˈkeiɔs]n.混乱紊乱15.conservation [ˌkɔnsəːˈveiʃən]n.保存,维护,保护16.virus [ˈvaiərəs] n.病毒17.decrease [diːˈkriːs] v.减少;缩短;变小18.trap [træp]n.陷阱,夹子19.departure [diˈpɑːtʃə]n.离开;出发20.immunity [iˈmjuːniti]n.免除;免疫(性)21.explode [iksˈpləud]vt.突然增加,使爆炸22.collapse [kəˈlæps]vi.倒塌;崩溃23.substantial [səbˈstænʃəl] a.大量的,多的24.incident [ˈinsidənt]n.事件25.intervention [ˌintəˈvenʃən]n.干预,介入,干涉26.owe [əu]vt.应该做,对…负有…的义务27.postscript [ˈpəusskript] n.附笔;续篇,附言28.pest [pest]n.害虫29.ecology [iˈkɔlədʒi]n.生态学30.dissolve [diˈzɔlv]vt.解散;结束;溶解31.nutrient [ˈnjuːtriənt]n.营养物,养分32.worm [wəːm]n.虫;蠕虫parison [kəmˈpærisn]n.比较;比拟34.visual [ˈvizjuəl] a.视觉的;可见的35.session[ˈseʃən]n.一段时间36.on behalf of 代表37.herbal [ˈhəːbəl]a.草的,草本的;药草的38.mysterious [misˈtiəriəs] a.神秘的;费解的;不可思议的39.status [ˈsteitəs]n.状况;地位;资格;身份;40.criterion [kraiˈtiəriən]n.(批评,判断的)标准;准则41.prosper [ˈprɔspə]vi.兴旺,繁荣,昌盛;成功42.rare [reə].稀有的;珍贵的43.biological [ˌbaiəˈlɔdʒikəl] a.生物学的;生物学上的44.apparently [əˈpeərəntli]adv.据说,看来45.vast [vɑːst] a.广大的;巨大的46.altitude [ˈæltitjuːd]n.高度,海拔47.variation [ˌveəriˈeiʃən]n.变化;变动48.thrive [θraiv]vi.茂盛;兴隆;蔓延49.fossil [ˈfɔsl]n.化石50. floral [ˈflɔːrəl]a.花的;似花的51.vertebrate [ˈvəːtibrit]n.脊椎动物52.beehive [ˈbiːhaiv]n.蜂窝53.endangered [inˈdeindʒəd] a.(生命等)有危险的;有绝种危机的,濒临绝种的54.elsewhere [ˈelsˈweə]ad.在别处;到别处55.invasion [inˈveiʒən]n.侵入,侵犯56.coexist [ˌkəuigˈzist]vi.同时存在;与…共存57.secure [siˈkjuə]a.安心的;安全的;无虑的58.greeting [ˈgriːtiŋ]n.问候语;致意,祝贺Unit 61.crime [kraim] n.罪;犯罪2.seaside [ˈsiːˈsaid] a.海滨的,海边的3.suburb [ˈsʌbəːb]n.市郊;郊外;近郊4.greedy [ˈgriːdi] a.贪心的;贪吃的5.thief [θiːf]n.小偷,贼mit [kəˈmit]vt.犯(罪);委托;委任7.chacma [ˈtʃækmə]n.大狒狒8.fox [fɔks] n.狐狸9.urban [ˈəːbən] a.都市的10.predator [ˈpredətə]n.掠夺者;食肉动物11.newcomer [ˈnjuːˈkʌmə]n.新来者12.flourish [ˈflʌriʃ]vi.茂盛,繁茂;繁荣;兴旺13.racoon [ræˈkuːn]n.浣熊14.container [kənˈteinə]n.箱;罐;容器15.garbage [ˈgɑːbidʒ]n.垃圾mb [læm]n.小羊;羔羊17.kebab [kəˈbɔb]n.烤肉串18.garlic [ˈgɑːlik]n.大蒜19.estimate [ˈestimit] v.估计;评价20.migratory [ˈmaigrətəri] a.移居的;漂泊的,迁徙的21.appreciate [əˈpriːʃieit]vt.为…表示感激;重视;欣赏22.crucial [ˈkruːʃjəl] a.极重要的;严重的23.restrict [riˈstrikt]vt.限制;约束24. hiker [ˈhaikə]n.徒步旅行者25.kit [kit]n.配套元件;用品箱;成套工具26.optimistic [ˌɔptiˈmistik] a.乐观(主义)的27.clay [klei] n.黏土;泥土28.cave [keiv] n.洞,穴;岩洞29. heat wave 热量30.indoors [ˈinˈdɔːz]ad.在屋里31.cope with 处理32.fuel [fjuəl]n.燃料,柴33.consumption [kənˈsʌmpʃən]n.消耗量;消费量;消耗34.supplement [ˈsʌplimənt]n.增加;补充;追加;补足之物35.eliminate [iˈlimineit]vt.削减;除去36.firefighter [ˈfaɪəfaɪtə(r)]n. <美>消防队员37.bring…under control 使..处于控制之下38.blaze [bleiz]n.火焰;爆发39.fierce [fiəs] a.凶猛的;凶恶的;野蛮的40.react [riˈækt]vi.作出反应;影响41.monthly [ˈmʌnθli] a.每月的;每月一次的42.get rid of 摆脱,除去43.Mars [mɑːz] n. [天文]火星44.advanced [ədˈvɑːnst]a.先进的;高级的45.wipe [waip] vt.揩,擦46.wipe out 消灭47.nuclear [ˈnjuːkliə] a.核心的;(原子)核的;核能的48.terrifying [ˈterifaiiŋ]a.可怕的,骇人的49.hostile [ˈhɔstaɪl] a.(生长环境)恶劣的50.unmanned [ˈʌnˈmænd] a.无人操纵的, 无人驾驶的51.spacecraft [ˈspeisˌkrɑːft] n.航天器;宇宙飞船;太空船52.orbit [ˈɔːbit]vt.环绕…运转53.stunning [ˈstʌniŋ] a.极具吸引力的;令人震惊的54.agency [ˈeidʒənsi] n.机构(尤其指政府内的)局,部,处55.consist [kənˈsist]vi.组成;存在;在于…56.consist of 由…构成,由…组成57.in the meantime 在此期间,与此同时58. infer [inˈfəː] vt.推断;推理;推测59.expose [iksˈpəuz] vt.使暴露;揭露60.astronaut ˈæstrənɔːt] n.宇宙航行员;(美国)宇航员61.dust [dʌst] n.灰尘;混乱62.capsule [ˈkæpsjuːl] n.胶囊;太空舱63.exposure [iksˈpəuʒə] .暴露;揭露;曝光64. trunk [trʌŋk] n.象鼻;树干。
选举词汇再整理核心版
选举elect投票箱ballot box选票vote/ballot投票率turnout候选人candidate民意调查opinion poll选民voter支持率approval rating提名nominate摇摆州swing state投票站polling station竞选活动election campaign 选举人elector选举人票electoral vote拉票canvass for votes投票cast votes/ballots竞选总统run for president 投票后的民意调查exit pollsbellshepherd state:领头州从历史上来看,这个州的选举结果也就预测了将来的总统大选获胜者。
因为,从人口上讲,这个州的选举情况也就是整个国家选举的缩影。
最经典的一个领头州就是密苏里州,除了1956年,此州在历届选举中都没有错过。
purple state:紫色州摇摆州的又一说法,一个州可以投票给民主党(蓝色州)或者共和党(红色州)。
Red state :红色州选民倾向于投票给共和党的州。
blue state:蓝色州特指此州选民倾向支持民主党Swing states:摇摆州投票结果尚不能确定的州,最突出的摇摆州是密苏里州,在20世纪成功当选总统的候选人都赢得了密苏里州(艾森豪威尔1956年的总统选举除外)。
caucus:核心会议特指旨在决定政治上或组织上改变的会议。
在美国总统竞选政治中,本词指各党地方组织在总统提名期间召开的骨干党员会议。
“层次分明的”骨干党员会议体制指党的区一级骨干分子选举出席县一级会议的代表;县级会议则选举州级会议代表;州级会议选举出席该党全国总统提名大会的代表。
骨干党员会议体制旨在通过代表的遴选显示该党各州党员究竟倾向谁为总统候选人,其实效是使总统提名民主化,因为候选人的挑选基本上决定于区一级,即整个进程的最初阶段。
primary election:预选选举遴选参加某一公职竞选的政党候选人的选举。
SAT1000个高频词汇汇总(1)
该词表中的词汇主要是针对美国学生挑选出来的,这1000个词汇是属于SAT考试中常出现但美国学生却不熟悉的词汇,因此该词表中的词汇难度较大。
如果你是刚刚接触SAT的考生,最好不要立即使用该词表,推荐留在备考的最后阶段再使用。
SAT Vocabulary--The 1000 Most Common SAT WordsAabase(v.)to humiliate, degrade(After being overthrown and abased, the deposedleader offered to bow down to his conqueror.)abate(v.)to reduce, lessen(The rain poured down for a while, then abated.)abdicate(v.)to give up a position, usually one of leadership(When he realized that therevolutionaries would surely win, the king abdicated his throne.)abduct(v.)to kidnap, take by force(The evildoers abducted the fairy princess from herhappy home.)aberration(n.)something that differs from the norm(In 1918, the Boston Red Sox wonthe World Series, but the success turned out to be an aberration, and the Red Soxhave not won a World Series since.)abet(v.)to aid, help, encourage(The spy succeeded only because he had a friend on theinside to abet him.)SAT VocabularyAabhor(v.)to hate, detest(Because he always wound up kicking himself in the headwhen he tried to play soccer, Oswald began to abhor the sport.)abide1.(v.)to put up with(Though he did not agree with the decision, Chuck decidedto abide by it.)2.(v.)to remain(Despite the beating they’ve taken from the weatherthroughout the millennia, the mountains abide.)abject(adj.)wretched, pitiful(After losing all her money, falling into a puddle, andbreaking her ankle, Eloise was abject.)abjure(v.)to reject, renounce(To prove his honesty, the President abjured the evilpolicies of his wicked predecessor.)abnegation(n.)denial of comfort to oneself(The holy man slept on the floor, took onlycold showers, and generally followed other practices of abnegation.)abort(v.)to give up on a half-finished project or effort(After they ran out of food, themen, attempting to jump rope around the world, had to abort and go home.) abridge1.(v.)to cut down, shorten(The publisher thought the dictionary was too longand abridged it.)2.(adj.)shortened(Moby-Dick is such a long book that even theabridged version is longer than most normal books.)abrogate(v.)to abolish, usually by authority(The Bill of Rights assures that thegovernment cannot abrogate our right to a free press.)abscond(v.)to sneak away and hide(In the confusion, the super-spy absconded into thenight with the secret plans.)absolution(n.)freedom from blame, guilt, sin(Once all the facts were known, the jurygave Angela absolution by giving a verdict of not guilty.)abstain(v.)to freely choose not to commit an action(Everyone demanded that Angusput on the kilt, but he did not want to do it and abstained.)abstruse(adj.)hard to comprehend(Everyone else in the class understood geometryeasily, but John found the subject abstruse.)accede(v.)to agree(When the class asked the teacher whether they could play baseballinstead of learn grammar they expected him to refuse, but instead he acceded totheir request.)accentuate(v.)to stress, highlight(Psychologists agree that those people who arehappiest accentuate the positive in life.)accessible(adj.)obtainable, reachable(After studying with SparkNotes and getting a great score on the SA T, Marlena happily realized that her goal of getting into an Ivy-League college was accessible.)acclaim(n.)high praise(Greg’s excellent poem won the acclaim of his friends.)accolade(n.)high praise, special distinction(Everyone offered accolades to Sam after he won the Noble Prize.)accommodating(adj.)helpful, obliging, polite(Though the apartment was not big enough for three people, Arnold, Mark, and Zebulon were all friends and were accommodating to each other.)accord(n.)an agreement(After much negotiating, England and Iceland finally came to a mutually beneficial accord about fishing rights off the cost of Greenland.)accost(v.)to confront verbally(Though Antoinette was normally quite calm, when the waiter spilled soup on her for the fourth time in 15 minutes she stood up and accosted the man.)accretion(n.)slow growth in size or amount(Stalactites are formed by the accretion of minerals from the roofs of caves.)acerbic(adj.)biting, bitter in tone or taste(Jill became extremely acerbic and began to cruelly make fun of all her friends.)acquiesce(v.)to agree without protesting(Though Mr. Correlli wanted to stay outside and work in his garage, when his wife told him that he had better come in to dinner, he acquiesced to her demands.)acrimony(n.)bitterness, discord(Though they vowed that no girl would ever come between them, Biff and Trevor could not keep acrimony from overwhelming their friendship after they both fell in love with the lovely Teresa.)acumen(n.)keen insight(Because of his mathematical acumen, Larry was able to figure out in minutes problems that took other students hours.)acute1.(adj.)sharp, severe(Arnold could not walk because the pain in his foot was soacute.)2.(adj.)having keen insight(Because she was so acute, Libby instantly figured out how the magician pulled off his “magic.”)adamant(adj.)impervious, immovable, unyielding(Though public pressure was intense, the President remained adamant about his proposal.) adept(adj.)extremely skilled(Tarzan was adept at jumping from tree to tree like amonkey.)adhere1.(n.)to stick to something(We adhered the poster to the wall with tape.)2.(n.)to follow devoutly(He adhered to the dictates of his religion without question.)admonish(v.)to caution, criticize, reprove(Joe’s mother admonished him not to ruinhis appetite by eating cookies before dinner.)adorn(v.)to decorate(We adorned the tree with ornaments.)adroit(adj.)skillful, dexterous(The adroit thief c ould pick someone’s pocket withoutattracting notice.)adulation(n.)extreme praise(Though the book was pretty good, Marcy did not believeit deserved the adulation it received.)adumbrate(v.)to sketch out in a vague way(The coach adumbrated a game plan, butnone of the players knew precisely what to do.)adverse(adj.)antagonistic, unfavorable, dangerous(Because of adverse conditions, thehikers decided to give up trying to climb the mountain.)advocate1.(v.)to argue in favor of something(Arnold advocated turning left at the stop sign, even though everyone else thought we should turn right.) 2. (n.) a person who argues in favor of something (In addition to wanting to turn left at every stop sign, Arnold was also a great advocate of increasing national defense spending.) aerial (adj.) somehow related to the air (We watched as the fighter planes conducted aerial maneuvers.)aesthetic (adj.) artistic, related to the appreciation of beauty (We hired Susan as our interior decorator because she has such a fine aesthetic sense.)affable (adj.) friendly, amiable (People like to be around George because he is so affable and good-natured.)affinity (n.)a spontaneous feeling of closeness (Jerry didn’t know why, but he felt an incredible affinity for Kramer the first time they met.)affluent (adj.) rich, wealthy (Mrs. Grebelski was affluent, owning a huge house, three cars, and an island near Maine.)affront (n.) an insult (Bernardo was very touchy, and took any slight as an affront to his honor.)aggrandize (v.) to increase or make greater (Joseph always dropped the names of the famous people his father knew as a way to aggrandize his personal stature.)accessible(adj.)obtainable, reachable(After studying with SparkNotes and getting a great score on the SA T, Marlena happily realized that her goal of getting into an Ivy-League college was accessible.)acclaim(n.)high praise(Greg’s excellent poem won the acclaim of his friends.)accolade(n.)high praise, special distinction(Everyone offered accolades to Sam after he won the Noble Prize.)accommodating(adj.)helpful, obliging, polite(Though the apartment was not big enough for three people, Arnold, Mark, and Zebulon were all friends and were accommodating to each other.)accord(n.)an agreement(After much negotiating, England and Iceland finally came to a mutually beneficial accord about fishing rights off the cost of Greenland.)accost(v.)to confront verbally(Though Antoinette was normally quite calm, when the waiter spilled soup on her for the fourth time in 15 minutes she stood up and accosted the man.)accretion(n.)slow growth in size or amount(Stalactites are formed by the accretion of minerals from the roofs of caves.)acerbic(adj.)biting, bitter in tone or taste(Jill became extremely acerbic and began to cruelly make fun of all her friends.)acquiesce(v.)to agree without protesting(Though Mr. Correlli wanted to stay outside and work in his garage, when his wife told him that he had better come in to dinner, he acquiesced to her demands.)acrimony(n.)bitterness, discord(Though they vowed that no girl would ever come between them, Biff and Trevor could not keep acrimony from overwhelming their friendship after they both fell in love with the lovely Teresa.)acumen(n.)keen insight(Because of his mathematical acumen, Larry was able to figure out in minutes problems that took other students hours.)acute1.(adj.)sharp, severe(Arnold could not walk because the pain in his foot was soacute.)2.(adj.)having keen insight(Because she was so acute, Libby instantly figured out how the magician pulled off his “magic.”)adamant(adj.)impervious, immovable, unyielding(Though public pressure was intense, the President remained adamant about his proposal.) adept(adj.)extremely skilled(Tarzan was adept at jumping from tree to tree like amonkey.)adhere1.(n.)to stick to something(We adhered the poster to the wall with tape.)2.(n.)to follow devoutly(He adhered to the dictates of his religion without question.)admonish(v.)to caution, criticize, reprove(Joe’s mother admonished him not to ruinhis appetite by eating cookies before dinner.)adorn(v.)to decorate(We adorned the tree with ornaments.)adroit(adj.)skillful, dexterous(The adroit thief could pick someone’s pocket withoutattracting notice.)adulation(n.)extreme praise(Though the book was pretty good, Marcy did not believeit deserved the adulation it received.)adumbrate(v.)to sketch out in a vague way(The coach adumbrated a game plan, butnone of the players knew precisely what to do.)adverse(adj.)antagonistic, unfavorable, dangerous(Because of adverse conditions, thehikers decided to give up trying to climb the mountain.)advocate1.(v.)to argue in favor of something(Arnold advocated turning left at the stop sign, even though everyone else thought we should turn right.) 2. (n.) a person who argues in favor of something (In addition to wanting to turn left at every stop sign, Arnold was also a great advocate of increasing national defense spending.) aerial (adj.) somehow related to the air (We watched as the fighter planes conducted aerial maneuvers.)aesthetic (adj.) artistic, related to the appreciation of beauty (We hired Susan as our interior decorator because she has such a fine aesthetic sense.)affable (adj.) friendly, amiable (People like to be around George because he is so affable and good-natured.)affinity (n.)a spontaneous feeling of closeness (Jerry didn’t know why, but he felt an incredible affinity for Kramer the first time they met.)affluent (adj.) rich, wealthy (Mrs. Grebelski was affluent, owning a huge house, three cars, and an island near Maine.)affront (n.) an insult (Bernardo was very touchy, and took any slight as an affront to his honor.)aggrandize (v.) to increase or make greater (Joseph always dropped the names of the famous people his father knew as a way to aggrandize his personal stature.)anecdote (n.) a short, humorous account (After dinner, Marlon told an anecdote aboutthe time he got his nose stuck in a toaster.)anesthesia (n.) loss of sensation (When the nerves in his spine were damaged, Mr.Hollins suffered anesthesia in his legs.)anguish (n.) extreme sadness, torment (Angelos suffered terrible anguish when helearned that Buffy had died while combating a strange mystical force of evil.)animated (adj.) lively (When he begins to talk about drama, which is his true passion, hebecomes very animated.)annex 1. (v.) to incorporate territory or space (After defeating them in battle, theRussians annexed Poland.) 2. (n.) a room attached to a larger room or space (Helikes to do his studying in a little annex attached to the main reading room in thelibrary.)annul (v.) to make void or invalid (After seeing its unforeseen and catastrophic effects,Congress sought to annul the law.)anomaly (n.) something that does not fit into the normal order (“That rip in the spacetimecontinuum is certainly a spatial anomaly,” said Spock to Captain Kirk.)anonymous (adj.) being unknown, unrecognized (Mary received a love poem from ananonymous admirer.)antagonism (n.) hostility (Superman and Bizarro Superman shared a mutualantagonism, and often fought.)antecedent (n.) something that came before (The great tradition of Western culture hadits antecedent in the culture of Ancient Greece.)antediluvian (adj.) ancient (The antediluvian man still believed that Eisenhower waspresident of the United States and that hot dogs cost a nickel.)anthology (n.) a selected collection of writings, songs, etc. (The new anthology of BobDylan songs contains all his greatest hits and a few songs that you might never haveheard before.)antipathy (n.) a strong dislike, repugnance (I know you love me, but because you are aliar and a thief, I feel nothing but antipathy for you.)antiquated (adj.) old, out of date (That antiquated car has none of the features, likepower windows and steering, that make modern cars so great.)antiseptic (adj.) clean, sterile (The antiseptic hospital was very bare, but its cleanlinesshelped to keep patients healthy.)antithesis (n.) the absolute opposite (Your values, which hold war and violence in thehighest esteem, are the antithesis of my pacifist beliefs.)anxiety (n.) intense uneasiness (When he heard about the car crash, he felt anxietybecause he knew that his girlfriend had been driving on the road where the accidentoccurred.)apathetic (adj.) lacking concern, emotion (Uninterested in politics, Bruno wasapathetic about whether he lived under a capitalist or communist regime.)apocryphal (adj.) fictitious, false, wrong (Because I am standing before you, it seemsobvious that the stories circulating about my demise were apocryphal.)appalling (adj.) inspiring shock, horror, disgust (The judge found the murderer’s crimesand lack of remorse appalling.)appease (v.) to calm, satisfy (When the child cries, the mother gives him candy toappease him.)appraise (v.) to assess the worth or value of (A realtor will come over tonight toappraise our house.)apprehend 1. (v.) to seize, arrest (The criminal was apprehended at the scene.) 2. (v.) toperceive, understand, grasp (The student has trouble apprehending concepts inmath and science.)approbation (n.) praise (The crowd welcomed the heroes with approbation.)appropriate (v.) to take, make use of (The government appropriated the farmer’s landwithout justification.)aquatic (adj.) relating to water (The marine biologist studies starfish and other aquaticcreatures.)arable (adj.) suitable for growing crops (The farmer purchased a plot of arable land onwhich he will grow corn and sprouts.)arbiter (n.) one who can resolve a dispute, make a decision (The divorce court judgewill serve as the arbiter between the estranged husband and wife.)arbitrary (adj.) based on factors that appear random (The boy’s decision to choose onecollege over another seems arbitrary.)arbitration (n.) the process or act of resolving a dispute (The employee sought officialarbitration when he could not resolve a disagreement with his supervisor.)arboreal (adj.) of or relating to trees (Leaves, roots, and bark are a few arboreal traits.)arcane (adj.) obscure, secret, known only by a few (The professor is an expert in arcaneLithuanian literature.)archaic (adj.) of or relating to an earlier period in time, outdated (In a few select regionsof Western Mongolian, an archaic Chinese dialect is still spoken.)archetypal (adj.) the most representative or typical example of something (Somebelieve George Washington, with his flowing white hair and commanding stature,was the archetypal politician.)ardor (n.) extreme vigor, energy, enthusiasm (The soldiers conveyed their ardor withimpassioned battle cries.)arid (adj.) excessively dry (Little other than palm trees and cacti grow successfully inarid environments.)arrogate (v.) to take without justification (The king arrogated the right to orderexecutions to himself exclusively.)artifact (n.) a remaining piece from an extinct culture or place (The scientists spent allday searching the cave for artifacts from the ancient Mayan civilization.)artisan (n.) a craftsman (The artisan uses wood to make walking sticks.)ascertain (v.) to perceive, learn (With a bit of research, the student ascertained thatsome plants can live for weeks without water.)ascetic (adj.) practicing restraint as a means of self-discipline, usually religious (Thepriest lives an ascetic life devoid of television, savory foods, and other pleasures.)ascribe (v.) to assign, credit, attribute to (Some ascribe the invention of fireworks anddynamite to the Chinese.)aspersion (n.) a curse, expression of ill-will (The rival politicians repeatedly castaspersions on each others’ integrity.)aspire (v.) to long for, aim toward (The young poet aspires to publish a book of versesomeday.)assail (v.) to attack (At dawn, the war planes assailed the boats in the harbor.)assess (v.) to evaluate (A crew arrived to assess the damage after the crash.)assiduous (adj.) hard-working, diligent (The construction workers erected theskyscraper during two years of assiduous labor.)assuage (v.) to ease, pacify (The mother held the baby to assuage its fears.)astute (adj.) very clever, crafty (Much of Roger’s success in politics results from his ability to provide astute answers to reporters’ questions.)asylum 1. (n.) a place of refuge, protection, a sanctuary (For Thoreau, the forest served as an asylum from the pressures of urban life.) 2. (n.) aninstitution in which the insane are kept (Once diagnosed by a certified psychiatrist, the man was put in an asylum.)atone (v.) to repent, make amends (The man atoned for forgetting his wife’s birth day by buying her five dozen roses.)atrophy (v.) to wither away, decay (If muscles do not receive enough blood, they will soon atrophy and die.)attain (v.) to achieve, arrive at (The athletes strived to attain their best times in competition.) attr ibute 1. (v.) to credit, assign (He attributes all of his success to his mother’s undying encouragement.) 2. (n.) a facet or trait (Among the beetle’smost peculiar attributes is its thorny protruding eyes.)atypical (adj.) not typical, unusual (Screaming and crying is atypical adult behavior.)audacious (adj.) excessively bold (The security guard was shocked by the fan’s audacious attempt to offer him a bribe.)audible (adj.) able to be heard (The missing person’s shouts were unfortunately not audi ble.) augment (v.) to add to, expand (The eager student seeks to augment his knowledge of French vocabulary by reading French literature.)auspicious (adj.) favorable, indicative of good things (The tennis player considered the sunny forecast an auspicious sign that she would win her match.)austere (adj.) very bare, bleak (The austere furniture inside the abandoned house made the place feel haunted.)avarice (n.) excessive greed (The banker’s avarice led him to amass a tremendous personal fortune.)avenge (v.) to seek revenge (The victims will take justice into their own hands and strive to avenge themselves against the men who robbed them.)aversion (n.) a particular dislike for something (Because he’s from Hawaii, Ben has an aversion to autumn, winter, and cold climates in general.)。
与美国大选有关的英语词汇
Air war:空中大战美国总统候选人为尽可能争夺电视与广播中的广告而发起的竞争活动。
Balancing the ticket:优势互补候选人名单当候选人赢得党内总统提名之后,他/她一定要挑选一名副手。
而这名副手一定要弥补总统候选人的不足,从而优势互补增加获胜的砝码。
比如在2000年的大选中,人们认为小布什相对年轻且缺乏从政经验,所以他挑选了越战老兵切尼为副手。
Ballot initiative:公民投票美国举行联邦及地方选举时,各州通常会同时举行一些关系公共政策及社会民生提案的公民投票。
Battleground states:战场州从民意调查结果中看不出哪位候选人占据明显优势的州。
与之类似的词是swing states(摇摆州)。
有专家认为大选的最终结果将取决于这些州把选票投给了谁,因此候选人常在这些州展开激烈角逐。
Bellshepherd state:领头州从历史上来看,这个州的选举结果也就预测了将来的总统大选获胜者。
因为,从人口上讲,这个州的选举情况也就是整个国家选举的缩影。
最经典的一个领头州就是密苏里州,除了1956年,此州在历届选举中都没有错过。
Bellshepherd一词原意是牧羊犬。
Beltway:环形公路从政治上来讲,这个词主要指的是在华盛顿特区绕城高速公路(495号州际公路)内执行的国会事务,比如:“环形公路事物”特指某项政治事务或争议非常重要,它只限于政界,对于公众来说没有什么意义。
Bill of rights:权利法案即宪法修正案的前十条。
1791年,《权力法案》在美国11个州获得通过,从而成为美国宪法的一部分。
法案中大部分条款是对政府施加限制--规定联邦政府所不能做的事。
Blue state:蓝色州特指此州选民倾向支持民主党。
Brokered convention: 讨价还价会议在初选或者党代表大会的第一轮投票中,旨在获得该党提名的候选人未获得大多数选票时,这次会议就被称之为“讨价还价会议”。
08年十大热点词汇英语介绍
2008年,这个对于所有中国⼈来说是极不平凡的⼀年已经过去了,但它留给我们的回忆却永远⽆法抹去。
这⼀年发⽣了很多事情,那么这些令我们百感交集的事件⽤英语该如何表达呢?请看:1 Sichuan Earthquake (汶川地震)An M8 earthquake hit Sichuan at 14:28 on May 12, 2008, causing nearly 70,000 deaths and the loss of over five million homes. This disaster followed the snowstorm in South China of early 2008.2008年5⽉12⽇14时28分,四川发⽣8级特⼤地震。
近7万⼈遇难,500多万⼈失去家园。
就在这场灾难发⽣前不久,南中国刚刚遭遇了冰冻灾害。
2 Olympic Games (奥运会)The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, favorably evaluated as “the ever best in history,” boasted unprecedented participation from passionate netizens. During the Games, Netease made history by attracting 470 million hits of Olympics-related videos, which also set a new world record.08年的北京奥运会,被认为是最⽆与伦⽐的⼀届。
单从络来看,赛会期间,某门户站与奥运相关的视频点击数⾼达4.7亿次,受关注程度可见⼀斑。
3 Financial Crisis (⾦融危机)A full-scale sub-prime mortgage crisis erupted in the U.S. in the summer of 2007, eventually developing into a global financial crisis in September 2008.2007年的夏天,⼀场严重的次贷危机席卷美国,最终在08年的9⽉演变成了全球规模的⾦融危机。
政 治选举词汇
政治选举词汇Caucus(核心会议)特指旨在决定政治上或组织上改变的会议。
在美国总统竞选政治中,本词指各党地方组织在总统提名期间召开的骨干党员会议。
“层次分明的”骨干党员会议体制指党的区一级骨干分子选举出席县一级会议的代表;县级会议则选举州级会议代表;州级会议选举出席该党全国总统提名大会的代表。
骨干党员会议体制旨在通过代表的遴选显示该党各州党员究竟倾向谁为总统候选人,其实效是使总统提名民主化,因为候选人的挑选基本上决定于区一级,即整个进程的最初阶段。
Conservative(保守派)指从温和的中右派到坚定右派之间不同色彩的各种政治观点。
就美国两大政党而言,共和党一般被认为偏于保守。
在美国,一般来说,“政治上”的保守派主张自由市场经济原则以及低税收;就政府权力分配来说,偏重州政府和地方政府分权,而反对联邦政府集权。
“文化上”的保守派则反对堕胎或无节制的大众媒体的宣传。
Debate(辩论)就一个问题的两个或两个以上矛盾面所进行的辩论。
美国政治中,近年来辩论与电视节目挂钩,即总统或副总统候选人在电视上亮相,阐述本人及该党的观点,回答媒体或观众提出的问题。
辩论可以通过广播,也可在社区群众大会上进行。
各级政府公职人员的选举均可进行辩论。
Divided government(分治的政府)一般指总统属于一个政党,而国会的参众两院至少有一院由反对党控制的政治局面。
此种情况也可能发生在州一级,即州长属于一个党,而另一党控制州议会。
在美国政府制度中,常出现两党分治。
其历史影响则是减少急剧改革,促使两党政治家在立法提案上进行妥协。
Federal Election Campaign Act(FECA)(联邦竞选法)这项1971年制定的法律规定了联邦选举的财务事项,曾于1974、1976及1979三度修订。
该法要求候选人及政治委员会公开资金来源及开支情况,同时规定联邦大选期间接受捐款及开支款项事宜。
该法并对用公共资金资助总统竞选作出了规定。
英语新闻中常见词汇汇总一
Afghanistan 阿富汗Afghan 阿富汗人aftermath 后果余波ideology [政治或经济的]思想体系,意识形态;[强烈影响人的行为的]思想,观念insecurity 不自信,无安全感的Islamic 伊斯兰的Islam 伊斯兰教Taliban 塔利班religious 宗教的;虔诚的scholar 学者roughly 大约stick 卡住target 把……当做靶子,对……瞄准Kabulgeneral curriculum 初等课程通识课程NATO the North Atlantic Treaty Organization北大西洋公约组织poster招贴,海报,广告画artefact/artifact 人工制品(有史学价值的武器、工具等);手工艺品sort through vt. 查找并整理analogcurator 博物馆馆长(主任)postcard 明信片memorabilia /memor ‘bili / 纪念品,收藏品feature 介绍,特写,以……为主要内容marathon 马拉松stop off 尤指为休息或看望某人而中途停留respite /respit/ /U/ (令人讨厌的事情的)缓解sweep [思想、计划、作品等的]广博、广阔,博大installment 分期付款中的每期付款额;报刊上分期连载故事的一部分backup 备用品,后备人员,支援人员trampoline 蹦床gymnast 尤指体操运动员gymnastics 体操off –chance / on the off-chance 怀有万分之一的希望root for vt. infml 给[参赛者、应试者或出于困境中的人]支持,给……鼓励,给……声援尤美为参赛队或运动员欢呼,为是……喝彩,为……加油starter 赛跑、赛马、赛车等得参赛者(马、汽车等)debut /dibju/ 演员或运动员等的首次公开露面,首次登台barring 除非,除了……以外unforeseen 未预料到的,意料之外的circumstance 情况,情形under no circumstances 决不Ivory coast象牙海岸(非洲),[地名] [阿非利加洲西部] 象牙海岸(地区名);[地名] [阿非利加洲] 象牙海岸(科特迪瓦的旧称)slaughter vt. 屠杀,杀戮;屠宰动物n. 屠杀,宰杀inmate 监狱中的囚犯,精神病院的病人incarcerate /in’cars ret/ vt. 一般用被动fml 监禁,禁闭n. incarceration influenza /U/ 术语,流行性感冒,一般简写为flupandemic /C/ 术语,大流行性疾病,广泛蔓延的流行病complication 一般用复数,并发症fetus 美式拼法,一般为foetus /fi:t s/ 胎儿,胚胎foetal 胎儿的,胚胎的premature 早产的prematurity 早产birth defect 出生缺陷先天性缺陷。
基于语料库对2012年美国总统大选辩论语篇的人际意义解读
基于语料r  ̄x f , 2 0 1 2年美国总统大选 辩论语篇的人际意义解读
王 磊,郑 书云
( 河 南科 技 大 学 ,河 南 洛阳 4 7 1 0 2 3 )
[ 内容提要] 美 国总统竞选辩论 , 作 为一种特 殊的政治语篇 , 在美 国大选中具有举足轻重 的作用 。 本 文将 2 0 1 2 年美 国总统 大选 三场辩论为研究对象建立 语料库,使用 wo r d s mi t h 5 . 0 对 语料进行 了研究 , 揭 示总统候选人如何通 过 口头辩论 的方 式处理复杂 的人 际关系,这种言语行为如何体现 人际意义 、展现人格魅 力、再现 意识形态 。 [ 关键词] 基于语料库 ;政治语篇 ;人际意义 ;意识形态 [ 中图分类号] H 0 8 [ 文献标识码] A [ 文章编 号] 1 0 0 8 . 7 4 2 7( 2 0 1 3 )0 2 。 0 0 9 3 . 0 2
一
、
引 言
韩礼德系 统功能语法 ( S y s t e mi c . F u n c t i o n a l Gr a mma r , S F G)指 出了语 言的三大纯理功能 ,即概念功能、人 际功 能 及语篇功 能, 其 中人际功能指 的是人们用语言来和其他人 交 往, 建立和保持 人际关系、 用语言来影响 别人 的态 度和行为 , 同时用语 言来 表达对世界的看法甚至 改变 世界的功能 。 人 际 意义模 型主要 包括语气 、情态和语调 。在语篇分析 中,系统 功 能语法 认为情态是人 际元功 能的主 要实现手段 。 本 文 以韩 礼德系 统功 能语法 中人际功 能理 论为理论 框 架 为基础 , 结合语料库对语篇进 行客观描述 , 采用 定性研究 与 定量 研 究 相 结合 的 方 法 。 以 2 0 1 2年 美 国 总统 大选 辩 论 为 素材 具体 从人称代词 、 情态等 方面分析 民主党人 奥巴马和 共 和党人 罗姆尼的辩论语篇 , 对 情 态 系 统 在 政 治辩 论 中 的 人 际 意义 体现 及对实现辩论 目的进行 全面细致的分析 。 从话语分 析 角度,探究其人称代词 、情态 在辩论 中的深层意义 。 二、人际意义基本理论 及研 究方法 胡壮麟 、朱永 生和张德 禄编 著的 《 系统功能语法 概论 》 于 1 9 8 9年 由湖 南教育 出版社 出版 。此书把 韩礼 德的语言理 论引入国 内, 填补 了系 统功能语言学研究 的一个 空 白。韩礼 德把 语气 、 情态和语调 作为实现人际意义 的主要手 段。随后 众 多学者对系统功 能语 法表 现出极大的热情 , 其中朱永生对 情态系统进行 了系统介 绍,他提到 了实现人 际意义 的手段 , 即人称系统 、 表示态度 的修饰 语和一些词 的内涵意义 等 。 ( 朱 永 生 ,2 0 0 1 ) ; 李 战 子 对 人 际 意 义 和 语 气 系 统进 行 了研 究 : 她扩 展 了人 际意义 的范围,提 出了一个人 际意义 的新模 式 , 即人际意义 的韵律特 征,实现人 际意义 的资源 形式很多 , 可 以出现在话语 的任何地 方, 它们像 韵律 一样 连续不断地贯穿 在话语 的发展过程 中。( 李战 子,2 0 0 1 ) 。 本文 以 2 0 1 2年美 国总统大选辩 论文本为语料 ,对语言 项 目分布进行 定量 统计及量化分析 。 通过对 关键词分析 , 高 频词汇及 中心词检 索,使用 wo r d s mi t h 5 . 0对其中 的人称代 词、情态动词 、高频词汇及其词 汇搭 配进行分析研 究,讨论 美 国总统辩论 如何 处理人际关系 , 体现人 际意义,进一步揭 示其意识形态 。 三 、美 国总统 大选辩论人际意义分析 2 0 1 2年 1 1月 6目,民主党人奥 巴马连任第 5 7届美 国
美国大选热门英语词汇(下)
在美国总统选举政治中,指政党表达 其原则和目标的正式书面声明,起草 于总统候选人提名程序的尾声。
9824 GT
近年来,由于 电视越来越注 重候选人的个 性及其显现给 人们的领导才 能,政纲的重 要性逐渐消失。
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18. Plurality
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“ 简单多数 Plurality
由竞选班子雇用的媒 体顾问或政治顾问, 专门用来确保让候选 人在任何场合下都得
到最佳宣传报导。
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例如,在两位总
统候选人辩论结
束后,双方的"抬
轿人"都同新闻界
联系向记者指
出他们的候选人
在辩论中的优势,
要让新闻界,进
而要让公众相信,
他们的候选人是
这场辩论的胜利
者。这种媒体顾
问的鼓吹做法被
明知没有得胜希望、但仍然投给第 三党或某个小党的票,目的是表达 对两个主要政党的候选人的不满。
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21. Redistricting
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21. 选区重划 (Redistricting)
重新划分国会选 区的地理界线 (国会选区指各 州内由联邦众议 员代表的选区)。
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调查人在第一 次调查中,连 续三天晚上向 人数相同的选 民提问,例如 每晚 400人, 三晚共1200人。 在第四天晚上, 调查人再向另 外400人提问, 并将他们的回 答输入资料库, 同时删除第一 晚的调查结果。
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如此循序不断,始 终保持最近三天来 1200人的反应。经 过一段时间,选举 班子可以对调查的 全部信息进行分析, 观察某些事件对选 民态度产生的影响。
在同一场选举中,把选 票投给不同的政党。
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2012美国大选正在如火如荼的进行中。
美国民主党全国代表大会今天正式提名现任总统奥巴马为总统候选人,他将与共和党总统候选人罗姆尼在11月6日正式角逐总统宝座。
现在小编来带大家学习一下大选中的英文关键词。
1. Donkey vs Elephant:驴象之争
在美国,donkey 是民主党(Democratic Party )的党徽而elephant 则是共和党(Republican Party)的党徽,所以四年一次的美国总统选举又被称为了“驴象之争”。
作为民主党的总统候选人,奥巴马的对手就是共和党的罗姆尼(Mitt Romney)。
2. Blue state:蓝色州Red state:红色州Swing state:摇摆州
“蓝色州” 特指此州选民支持民主党的州,“红色州” 的选民则倾向于把选票投给共和党。
“摇摆州” 则指投票结果尚不确定的州,美国最突出的摇摆州是密苏里州(Missouri)。
美国选举的“摇摆州” 还有一种说法是Purple state。
3. Super Tuesday:超级星期二
“超级星期二” 指的是竞选日历中的一个关键日期,通常在三月初,许多州都会在当天进行党内初选(primary),今年的“超级星期二” 是3月6日。
这个结果对总统候选人影响重大,会使得两党的提名战局明朗化。
4. Coattails:燕尾提举力
“燕尾提举力”是从绅士长礼服后面的下摆(即“燕尾”)引申而来。
在美国政治中,指一位声望高的在职官员或竞选公职的候选人,借自己的实力给本党其他候选人增加得胜机会的能力。
也就是说,这位候选人有能力让其他人借自己的声望同时取胜。
5. Hard money:硬钱Soft money:软钱
“硬钱” 指的是个人直接向某个竞选活动捐出的钱。
“软钱” 指在规则和联邦选举竞选法之外筹集的政治资金,它一直是竞选资金改革支持者的主要目标。
6. front-runner:领先者
在竞选或提名过程中,被认为呼声最高或最有希望当选的候选人。
而获胜候选人的得票数远远高于竞争对手,则称为压倒性胜利(landslide)。
7. Stump speech:竞选演讲
候选人在各地进行竞选活动时会发表竞选演讲。
这个短语来源于19世纪的美国风俗,候选人需要站在木桩上向选民发表演讲(standing upon a tree's stump)。
8. Running Mate :竞选伙伴
一个政党选出总统候选人后,会选择一位政治同事来共同参加总统选举,如果总统候选人获胜,其竞选伙伴将成为副总统。
目前美国的副总统是拜登(Joe Biden),而罗姆尼的竞选伙伴则是威斯康星州众议员Paul Ryan。
9. term limits:任期限制
“任期限制” 指公职人员或议员可担任某一职务的时间限度。
美国总统的任期不得超过两任(8年)。
10. Sound bite:话语片段
话语片段是指竞选公职的候选人说过的可被引用的原话片断,被广播和电视新闻节目反复使用。
负面广告(negative ads)经常使用对立候选人的话语片段,以突出其某一不受欢迎的立场。