跨文化交际

communication
translated into: • 沟通（管理学）in the field of management • 传播（新闻学）in the field of journalism • 通信（通讯学）in the field of communication • 交流（心理学） in the field of psychology • 交际 （语言学） in the field of linguistics
Barack Obama, bows to Japanese Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko， Nov. 14，2009
Case 3
A Chinese Hotel Advertisement: “十里蛙声不断，九溪曲流潺潺。”
Case 4
Different Ways of looking at The Moon Chinese: Chang’e lives there with a threelegged toad （toad hall 蟾宮）, a rabbit, and the woodcutter Wu Gang (a cassia tree 桂树) 唐· 李商隐《嫦娥》：“云母屏风烛影深， 长河渐落晓星沉。嫦娥应悔偷灵药，碧 海青天夜夜心。”
人之初 性本善 性相近 习相远
People at birth are naturally good.Their natures are similar; their habits become different.
苟不教 性乃迁 教之道 贵以专
If, negligently, not taught, their nature deteriorates. The right way to teach, is with absolute concentration.
• 《应用汉语词典》:“黄金时代” 是指“人一生中最可宝贵的或最 有作为的一段时间：‘从十五岁 到三十岁，是每个人的黄金时 代’。” • golden ager 老年人，退休的人 • golden age club老年人俱乐部
Cultural Differences reflected in:
1. Interpersonal communication人际交际 2. Body language (non-verbal communication)体势 语言 3. Verbal communication （Culturally-loaded words ) 言语交际 4. Ways of perceiving the world感知世界的不同方 法 5. Values system价值体系
Key Words(关键词): • Cultural gap • 文化鸿沟
• Cultural shock 文化休克,文化冲突
What is Culture?
• 1. Culture is like an iceberg. • 2. Culture is our software. • 3. Culture is like the water a fish swims in. • 4. Culture is like an onion.
Conclusion
• Man is the producer of culture and the product of culture.
The notion of CULTURE
• “Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiments in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values”.
1. Culture Is Like An Iceberg
2. Culture Is Our Software
3. Culture Is Like the Water a Fish Swims In
4. Culture is like an onion
Defining Culture from the Anthropological Perspective 人类学视角看文化
• “文化，或文明，就其广泛的民族学意义来说，是 包括全部的知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗 以及作为社会成员的人所掌握和接受的任何其他的 才能和习惯的复合体。”
(Culture or Civilization, taken in its wide ethnographic sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. ---Edward B. Tyler)
的个体性
Ways of human communication • Using facial expressions, exclamations, noises • Using cave paintings to record life • Using speakable language/verbal communication 言语 • Using symbols and scripts
Cross-Cultural Communication
Pan Hong
Foreign Languages Department Zhicheng College
Topic 1: Introduction
Question
• How do you translate “communication” and “crosscultural communication ”?
Cross-cultural (intercultural)communication is often translated into 跨文化交际、跨文化交流、跨文 化沟通
跨文化交际
Intercultural communication强调文化的互
动性
• Cross-cultural communication强调文化
Lady in the Moon
Man in the moon
Man in the Moon
Case 5
• Life Begins at forty.
• 子曰：“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立， 四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳 顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。” 《论语》“为政第二(第四章)”
黄金时代 vs Golden Age
-----Kroeber and Kluckhohn
• Culture is “the customs, civilizations and achievements of a particular time or people.”
Confucian tradition儒教传统 《三字经》（Three-Character Classic ）
Western tBiblioteka Baiduadition
Michelangelo米开朗基罗(1475-1564):
The Fall of Man 人类的堕落and the Expulsion from the Garden of Eden( 驱出伊甸园)
Michelangelo
Aristotle (384 BC –322 BC) Greek philosopher and scientist 亚里斯多德人性观
Defining Culture from the Psychological Perspective 心理学视角
• culture is "the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another". • ---Geert Hofstede
symbols and scripts
Case 1
a Chinese businessman entertaining English guests in an expensive restaurant: “The foods and drinks are not good enough.”
• Case 2
• “Man, when perfected, is the best of animals, but when separated from law and justice, he is the worst of all. ” • when man is without virtue, man is the most unscrupulous and savage of animals ---the control of dark nature can be found only in a well-ordered society
Different ways of seeing
Communication failure
Causes: • Cultural differences • Cultural barrier Results： • Cross-cultural misunderstanding • Cross-cultural language stumble
Defining Culture from the Intercultural Perspective跨文化视角
• “Culture is a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviours and artifacts that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning.” [Bates and Plog]
Defining Culture from the Sociological Perspective 社会学视角
• “Culture is defined as a pattern of learned, group-related perception—including both verbal and nonverbal language attitudes, values, belief system, disbelief systems, and behavior”.
From Intercultural Communication Perspective 跨文化视角
• culture is the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.