人教版高考英语总复习课件语法专题突破专题五 主谓一致和动词的时态、语态

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5.(2018·江苏卷)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other,for we will have developed(develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then. 6.(2018·北京卷)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped(trap) in the mountains for two days. 7.(2018·天津卷)My washing machine is being repaired(repair) this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 8.(2018·江苏卷)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan had been carried(carry) out in the past two years. 9.(2017·天津卷)I was driving(drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
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(5)动词-ing(短语)、不定式、从句做主语时。 What the teacher of the science class does and says is of great importance to the students at college. (6)“more than one+单数名词”和“many a+单数名词”做主语时。 More than one student has gone to Beijing. —Hey!Here is a message on my cellphone,telling me that I have won first prize of a weekend for two in Paris. —Delete it!It’s a trick.Many a person has been cheated by such tricks. (7)“the+形容词”做主语,表示一类抽象的事物时,谓语动词用单数 形式。 The new is sure to replace the old.
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2.谓语动词用复数形式的情况 (1)有些集合名词如:clothes,cattle,folk,people,police 等做主语,后 面的谓语动词用复数形式。 The police are searching for the murderer. (2)“the+形容词/分词”做主语,表示某一类人时,谓语动词用复数 形式。 The old are living a happy life now. (3)由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词做主语时,谓语动词用 复数形式(不可数名词同样)。 Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop.
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Ⅱ.单句改错 1.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)At that moment,I remembered that my father once said,“The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks,and mistakes as well.” include→includes 2.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. are→were 3.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)It was Monday morning,and the writing class had just begin. begin→begun
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10.(2017·江苏卷)The publication of Great Expectations,which was(be) both widely reviewed and highly praised,strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist. 11.(2017·江苏卷)He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he was being followed(follow). 12.(2017·天津卷)Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming,is regarded(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
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(3)代词none,neither,all以及what引导的从句等做主语,谓语动词 的单复数形式取决于所指代的内容。
All we need is a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
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5.“名词(或代词)+of+名词”做主语时的主谓一致 (1)由some,plenty,a lot,lots,most,the rest,all,half,part或分数、百分 数+of+名词等短语做主语时,谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一 致。如果of后面所接名词为复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式;如果of 后面所接名词为单数或不可数名词,谓语动词就用单数形式。 About one third of the books are well worth reading. Over 30% of the work has been finished. (2)由a kind of,this kind of,many kinds of,名词+of this kind(type,sort,part,piece,section,pair)等构成的短语做主语时,谓语动 词与of前的名词保持数的一致。 This kind of animals is dangerous. Animals of this kind are dangerous.
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4.“名词(或代词)+介词短语”做主语时的主谓一致 (1)有时主语与谓语动词之间插入一个介词短语,该短语对谓语动 词不产生影响。 The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly. (2)当主语后面跟有with,together with,along with,accompanied by,like,in addition to,as well as,as much as,more than,rather than,no less than,except,but,besides,including 等连接的单词(词组)时,其谓语 动词的单复数形式要与它们前面的主语保持一致。 Newspapers,as well as the Internet,play an important role in daily communication.
专题五 主谓一致和动词的 时态、语态
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Ⅰ.单句填空 1.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)Since 2011,the country has grown(grow) more corn than rice. 2.(2018·北京卷)—Hi,I’m Peter.Are you new here?I haven’t seen you around? —Hello,Peter.I’m Bob.I just started(start) on Monday. 3.(2018·北京卷)Susan had quit her well-paid job and was working(work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. 4.(2018·北京卷)China’s high-speed railways have grown(grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
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3.谓语动词单复数形式视情况而定 (1)集合名词 如:group,family,class,government,team,public,enemy,crowd,audience, club,party,crew等做主语时,如果看成一个整体,谓语动词用单数形 式,如果侧重其成员,谓语动词用复数形式。 My family has four people.My family all like watching football games. (2)主语是单复数同形的名词 如:deer,sheep,fish,series,means,works,aircraft等时,视其表达的意义 而判断谓语动词的单复数形式。 Every means has been tried,but none proved successful. Many means have not come into effect.
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1.谓语动词用单数形式的情况 (1)主语为表示时间、距离、金钱、书名等整体概念的名词时。 Ten miles is not a long way for me. (2)由and连接的两个或两个以上的单数名词做主语,前面由不定 代词every/each/no修饰时。 Each boy and(each) girl has an apple. (3)and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念,且两 个名词共用一个冠词时。 A teacher of English and class teacher is telling us something about volunteer workers now. 一位英语老师兼班主任现在正告诉我们关于义工们的一些情况。 (4)“the number of+复数名词”做主语时。 The number of professors present at the meeting is 1,800.
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考点一 主谓一致 谓语动词的数应与主语的人称和数保持一致,这叫主谓一致。在 判定一个句子主谓是否一致时,要遵循下列三个原则:语法一致、 意义一致和就近一致。“语法一致”也就是从语法形式上取得一致, 即主语为单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓 语动词亦为复数形式。“意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语 一致的问题。主语形式为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词依意义而 定,也采用复数形式。“就近一致”是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和 与其最近的主语保持一致。
What they have are 200 computers. (4)population表示“人口”,即一个国家或地区的居民数目,它做主 语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它前面有分数或百分数 时,population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民,它做主语时,谓语动 词一般用复数形式。 The population of Canada is about 36 million. Eighty percent of the population in that country are farmers.