2013年公派出国英语培训写作

常用词归纳❝认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly/fully convinced, suggest, argue, contend❝保护：Protect, conserve, preserve❝确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge❝有害的：Bad, baneful, evil, harmful, detrimental❝要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition❝消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away❝导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate ❝因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this❝解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle, settle❝损害：Damage, ruin, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize❝给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford❝培养：Develop, cultivate, foster, facilitate❝优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, strength❝缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness, shortcomings, defect❝使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle, confuse❝重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative❝发生：Happen, occur, take place❝原因：Reason, factor, element, cause❝发展：Development, advance, progress❝与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to❝对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary，conversely❝展示，传达：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, convey, deliver, ❝宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim, announce❝增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to❝降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to❝保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out❝急剧地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably, tremendously❝平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly ❝有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous❝影响：Influence, impact, effect❝明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear❝占…比例/构成：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose❝大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly❝波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation, rise and fall ❝事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that❝换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it in another way，to put it from another angle可借鉴模式之一（偏重式）——Agree or Disagree❝Introduction (开篇)❝There is no denying that the ×××issue has triggered heated debate.///whether ×××( 从句) has become controversial.❝However, in spite of those who are against/ for …, I appr ove wholeheartedly of/ // I strongly object to the idea that …❝Main body (主体一，展开异己的观点，视具体文章可省)❝Those who hold negative/ positive attitude towards ×××believe that ×××may exert adverse/ significant effect on us.❝×××（第一点）is always on the top of the list a mong their arguments. For example, … (举例论证). Besides, those critics/ advocates also claim that ×××（第二点）for the reason that …❝Main body （主体二，文章核心，论证要充分）❝It is often the case that ×××(此处可总结上段反方提出的几个观点). But when it comes to ×××, ×××, and ×××,(此处可写你所支持的几个理由)，an increasing number of people，including me，are convinced that ...❝First and foremost, the evidence recently presented in research journals (或者其他出处) available to the public confirms that ×××（此处写研究或调查结果，或通过数字等来证明自己所列举的理由). Similarly, ××× should also dese rve/arouse our special attention. In other words, …(以另一种方法阐释此观点). If not, ×××(可反过来再说一遍，可写可不写). Last but not least, ×××❝Conclusion (总结)❝Obviously, it is hard for both sides to an reach (achieve) agreement / come to consensus on this complicated issue, but I still commit to the notion that …(重申你的立场).2004/6真题回放❝Some people think it cost too much to send scholars abroad while China faces serious problems like poverty and unemployment. They think the government should cut the number of visiting scholars to be sent abroad. How much do you agree or disagree with this opinion? Give reasons and examples, based on your experience, to support your opinion.❝You should write at least 200 words and you are recommended to spend no more than 40 minutes on this topic.常见短语及例句❝ 1 benefit from❝People who look for information can benefit from the amazing development of the Internet.❝ 2 invest in❝The medical facilities in the rural area are still not very developed; therefore, the government should invest more money in these facilities.❝ 3 promote the development of…❝The widespread use of English has promoted the development of English trainingschools in China.❝ 4 It is obvious that…❝It is obvious that a DVD can hold more information than a book. More importantly, it is more entertaining.❝ 5 play a key role in❝One’s job and age play a key role in deciding what one wears.❝ 6 enrich one’s experience …❝Working for a period before going to university can greatly enrich students’ experience and make them more capable in university.❝7 keep society safe and stable❝Harmony can keep society safe and stable, while clashes make a country unlivable.❝8 relax their bodies and ease their minds❝Even though on holiday students spend less ti me studying, holidays relax students’ bodies and ease their minds.❝9 have a duty/obligation to do …❝Every netizen has an obligation to keep Internet a pollution-free space.❝10 afford people entertainment and pleasure❝Overall, computer games afford people entertainment and pleasure than trouble.❝11 create employment opportunities❝International business can create employment opportunities. On the other hand, it may damage cultural heritage of a nation.❝12 less time-consuming and more efficient❝Advertising makes our shopping experience less time-consuming and more efficient.❝13 broaden one’s horizons❝Not only can traveling broaden one’s horizons, it can relax one’s body and soul as well.❝14 fulfill one’s potential❝Working under pressure can help employees fulfill their potential.❝15 remove the barrier for❝Machine translation has removed the barrier for people who do not speak the same language.❝16 promote the cultural communication and interaction between… and …❝Multi-cultured societies promote the cultural communication and interaction between different ethnic groups❝17 curb the proliferation of…❝The government should take immediate measures to curb the proliferation of pollution.❝18 raise p eople’s awareness of…❝The media should raise the public awareness of the significance of preserving the ecosystem.常见短语及例句(Negative)❝ 1 live a stressful life❝It seems that the people in developing countries live a more stressful life than those in developed countries.❝ 2 lead to crimes❝The widespread violence and pornography on TV often lead to youngsters’ crimes.❝ 3 the competition is fierce❝The competition in modern society is increasingly fierce, which makes many people cold and cruel.❝ 4 suffer from❝Nowadays, many citizens of Beijing suffer from mental/psychological problems because of the quick pace in life and unbearable pressure.❝ 5 stem from❝Generally speaking, children’s bad behavior stems from imitating their parents’.❝ 6 pose/is a threat to…❝In terms of employment opportunities, WTO is a threat to many Chinese automakers.❝7 have detrimental influence upon❝Obviously, long-distance flights have detrimental influence upon the environment.❝8 be monotonous and unmotivated❝Many students find the schooling in traditional schools monotonous and unmotivated.❝9 There is a definite link between A and B❝There is a definite link between the crime rate and widening gap of wealth distribution.❝10 spin out of control❝The situation in the Middle East is spinning out of any control.❝11 create tension and conflicts between…❝Cultural differences between the tourists and local residents may create tension and conflicts between them.❝12 be overly/excessively dependent on…❝Technology has successfully made many individuals overly dependent on it.❝13 stifle creativity❝The traditional education in some Asian countries seriously stifles creativity.可借鉴模式之二（均衡式）—— Agree or Disagree❝Introduction❝Recent years /decades have witnessed the popularity/ prevalence of ×××（即将讨论的问题或者大的背景), which has aroused/triggered a heated debate on whether ×××（引入话题).❝Views on this issue may vary from person to person. (some…others 可插入代表性的观点，视情况而定) From my point of view/perspective, before articulating/voicing /expressing my own opinion, I do think it’s necessary/essential to analyze / explore this thorny(controversial) issue from different angles / both sides of this thorny issue.❝Main body❝Those who ×××（正面观点）tend to present the following reasons/evidence. (There is no denying that/Undoubtedly/ Admittedly ×××do offer/bring us several benefits/advantages/merits. ) To begin with/First and foremost, ×××.In addition/What’s more, ×××. Finally/ Most importantly, ×××(尽量用不同的论证方法,且三点之间最好有递进式或其他的内在逻辑).❝❝However, others may examine / explore /analyze this issue from another angle. (Despite the undisputable benefits ×××has brought to us, it can’t overshadow the potential pro blems/ its potential problems still deserve our attention.) For one thing, ×××. For another, ×××.(要求同上)❝Conclusion❝In conclusion, although it’s very difficult / hard to draw / reach / arrive at an absolute agreement / consensus on this issue, I would n ot hesitate to assent to the former / latter viewpoint because I’m fully convinced that ×××(强调自己观点).❝In brief/ All in all, either choice is a sensible one as long as you have pondered the issue seriously/ thoroughly and can make a balance between its benefits and disadvantages.2005/6真题回放❝Many Chinese parents sent their children who had finished high school to study at universities in other countries. More parents are following suit. What are, in your opinion, the advantages and disadvantages of sending children aged 18 or 19 to study abroad?❝You should write at least 200 words and you are recommended to spend no more than 40 minutes on this topic.2006/6真题回放❝Nowadays more and more parents are eager to send their children abroad to pursue knowledge by whatever means and at whatever cost before they finish high school. Some people approve of it because they think education overseas is better than that in China; but others oppose it as a waste of time and money. What’s your view on this matter? Give reason s and support your ideas by specific examples.❝You should write at least 200 words and you are recommended to spend no more than 40 minutes on this topic.Study abroad—Advantages❝ 1. New challenges, new opportunities, new experiences , new friends, new cul ture…❝ 2. Learn advanced science and technology/academic advantages.❝ 3. Have easy access to the first-rate facilities and get oneself acquainted with the latest development in science and technology.❝ 4. Highly qualified, well experienced teaching faculty and excellent research facilities.❝ 5. Master a fluent/proficient foreign language.❝ 6. Develop a far broader outlook on life than those remaining home/domestic.❝7. Broaden one’s scope of knowledge/widen one’s horizon.❝8.Better prospects / promising future.❝9. Develop interpersonal skills and learn to be independent and how to integrate with others.❝10.By looking at one’s own country from the outside, one can best see the strengths and weaknesses of one’s motherland.❝11.Study abroad gives you a lifetime chance to learn in world class institutions with latest technology, to be a part of an exciting, dynamic culture.❝12. Living in an ethnically diverse /multicultural country in the world is an asset.❝13. Overseas study lets you immerse yourself in a country and really comprehend the language and its culture from the inside.❝14. Overseas students are often described as more confident, independent and worldly wise than their homeland counterparts. These qualities will help you to stand out from the crowd and form some of the core competencies looked for by employers later on in life.❝15.Overseas study is now an immense asset in the competitive job market. Some of these qualities gained from going abroad include greater global awareness, language learning, cross-cultural communication, enhanced independence, improved self-confidence and adaptability.Study abroad—Disadvantages❝ 1. A brain drain / outflow of talents for our home country, because many of them won’t return after graduation.❝ 2. May suffer from psychological problems; loneliness, homesickness, disorientation, depression, and inferiority complex.❝ 3. A great f inancial strain/ burden/ pressure for the family; costly tuition fee and higher living expenses. Managing on a limited budget is a challenge for most people, especially for those living in an unfamiliar environment. Some students may have to take part-time jobs to supplement their economic strain.❝ nguage barrier. To some extent, language barrier is one of the important factors contributing to some psychological problems.❝ 5. Experience cultural shock for the lack of adequate knowledge on the customs and lifestyle of the local people.❝ 6. Their early contact with society adds greatly to the worries of their parents. Both domestic and foreign society are full of e vil temptations a nd young people can hardly resist them. They are immature and are vulnerable to social evils.❝7. They may have experiences of racial intolerance and the relatively low level of contact that overseas students have with local people. Students often report being uncomfortable about generalized discrimination.❝8. Many overseas students find it difficult to adapt to Western notions of independent / critical thinking and learning. Some students may also have difficulty for the lack of experience in using well-equipped libraries and laboratories.❝9.Many students are not used to looking after themselves. At home, parents and family usually assist them in coping with shopping, cooking, personal finances and generally managing all their affairs. Overseas, all of these things must be done without the family’s support.❝10. When returning to one’s motherland, one may suffer from the so-called reverse culture shock. Culture shock❝ 1. Culture shock can be described as the feeling of confusion and disorientation that one experiences when faced with a large number of new and unfamiliar people and situations.❝ 2. There is a desire for independence and separateness, found in foreigners' needs for their own privacy and autonomy.❝ 3. Hospitality means the cordial and generous reception of or disposition toward guests.❝ 4. Politeness refers to the consideration for others, tact, and observance of accepted social usage.❝ 5. Privacy could be understood as the right of an individual to self-determination as to the degree to which theindividual is willing to share with others information about himself.❝Case 1: Jane, an American teacher in the US, had just started teaching English to a group of Japanese students. She wanted to get to know the students more formally, so she invited them to her house for party. The students all arrived together at exactly 8:00 p.m. They seemed to enjoy the party: they danced, sang, and ate most of the food. At about 10:00 pm, one of the students said to the teacher, “I think it’s time for me to leave. Thank you very much for the party.” Then all the other students got up to go, and all left at the same time. Jane decided she would never invite them again!❝Case 2 :An American went to Chinese home. He was offered some tea. Just when the first cupwas about to finish, more tea was added. The visitor drank the second cup. Then the cup was filled the third time. Then he drank it, then… until the visitor was quite full. Why?❝Case 3 :❝Anna Bilow had been working for a Chinese-owned and operated company in Nanjing for about six months. Anna thought it was a great idea when a memo was circulated saying that the company’s leaders had decided to collect all the English language materials together into a single collection. The plan was to❝put them in a small room that was currently being used for storage so that all❝employees could have equal access to them. Now she would no longer have to go from department to department trying to find the materials she needed.❝Anna was surprised to hear her co-workers complaining about the new policy. When the young man in charge came to the department to collect their English language materials, she was astounded to see them hiding most of the books❝and all but one of the videos in their desks. When she checked out the new❝so-called collection, she found that the few items were all outdated or❝somehow damaged. She also noticed that none of the materials she had❝borrowed from Gu Ming were in the collection. She asked her friend why the Chinese were unwilling to share their English language materials with all their co-workers, when they seemed willing to share them within their departments.❝Case 4: In a good restaurant, fourteen people are gathered to say goodbye to their professor, who is moving to another university.❝Steven: May I have your attention please? I’d like to call upon Ben to say a few words.❝Ben: Thank you, Steven.❝Professor Shore, colleagues:❝Tonight is one of those paradoxes --- it’s a sad time and yet it’s a happy time. Sad, be cause.❝We are losing one of our best professors; happy because we are pleased to see Professor Shore ❝gain the recognition that he richly deserves. I’m not sure who will be able to control us and keep ❝us in line. I think the new professor will have a difficult time. And surely no one will be able to ❝tell jokes in the same way as you, Professor. Seriously, we all know that you will be difficult to ❝replace. Your scholarly approach and your dedication will always be remembered. I would❝therefore like to propose a toast. Colleagues, please charge your glasses. Professor Shore, may ❝your future be filled will great success, and may you always remember us. We know we will ❝never forget you.❝To Professor Shore!❝All: (Standing up) To Professor Shore! (Everyone drinks. Professor Shore remains seated and ❝smiles at them all.)More expressions might used on this topic❝ a sense of achievement / loss❝undergraduate❝corrupt / err from the right path, go astray❝isolated❝elite❝peer influence❝cohabitation❝cultural penetration /assimilation❝malnutrition❝run into troubleStudying Abroad—Y es or NoWith the rapid development of society, we have entered an era of information explosion. In order to acquire more knowledge, more and more scholars and students in our country decide to further their study abroad. But is it reasonable for so many people to go overseas for study?Definitely, studying abroad brings us many advantages. It widens students’ knowledge and horizons, meanwhile cultivates their independence and personalities, and also benefits their foreign language. Firstly, students can learn advanced knowledge and experience abroad. Since the policy of Opening and Reform, China has strengthened co-operations with many other countries. As a result, the scientific and technological level has been improved very rapidly. However, compared with the developed countries in the world, we still have a very long way to go. Studying abroad provides opportunities to students, who can learn advanced knowledge and management experience, then they come back to enhance the scientific level of our home country.Also, studying abroad can cultivate students’ abilities to live independently and form/develop their own characters. Students have to deal with many problems when they study abroad. For instance, they have to learn how to be accustomed to a new environment and how to get along with the teachers and classmates. During their studies, they gradually acquire some interpersonal skills. What’ more, studying abroad can provide a good language environment for students and make it easy to pick up a language. Foreign language is a tool which is highly useful not only in daily communication but in job market and future career. It can remove language barrier and make international cooperation much easier.However, “Every coin has two sides”. Studying abroad also brings about many disadvantages. To some extent, some students will be confronted with psychological problems. They often feel lonely and helpless in a new environment. Furthermore, the tuition is very expensive, which is a heavy financial burden for the average family.To sum up, the advantages of studying abroad seem outweigh the counterparts. But, in my opinion, studying abroad is not just as easy as sending someone to an unacquainted environment and dreaming of being a future scientist or expert. The economic and psychological problems are definitely needed to be taken into account before you make the choice.promote friendship。