lecture 6 长句的翻译

4)They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty. 对于以往的几代人来说, 旧式的体力劳动是一 种用以摆脱贫困的手段,而技术的进步则摧毁了 穷人赖以为生的体力劳动。因此，首先体验到 技术进步之害的是穷人。
第六章 长句的翻译
英语中后置定语、各种短语和复杂包孕结构 （complex embedding）较多，往往 形成长句结构，一句话可以表达多层意思； 汉语特点是短句多，多层意思往往通过多个 短句来表达。因此在英译汉时有必要采用拆 句译法。 使用长句结构是英语科技文章的 特点之一，掌握长句翻译技巧对科技翻译尤 为重要。
我要去见一个素不相识的陌生人，向他宣布我得 住在他家，吃他的，喝他的，一直等到下一班船 到来把我带到我要去的港口为止，一想到这儿， 我真有点不好意思了。
3) Such is the human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers. 许多人常常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成 为白领工人的社会地位，这在西方倒是人之 常情。
总之，当牛仔裤在六十年代将成为势不可挡 的风尚之时，具有一种神话般的巨大意义。 在六十年代的青年看来，军工联合企业的兴 盛，摧毁了美国的梦想，而牛仔裤则是回到 西部开拓时期那种淳朴友善的价值观念的象 征；那时，人人都能主宰自己的命运，并为 生存而风雨同舟……
3. 变序法（reversing)
2) I felt a trifle shy at the thought of presenting myself to a total stranger with the announcement that I was going to sleep under his roof, eat his food and drink his whisky, till another boat came in to take me to the port for which I was bound.
一、长句翻译的步骤（process）
1.理解 （comprehension） (1) Find out the trunk through condensing the whole sentence. (2) Be sure of the main and subordinate clauses, modifiers and the elements they modify.
。
If she had lost the blue-eyed, flowerlike charm, the cool slim purity of face and form, the apple-blossom coloring which has so swiftly and oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six years ago,
2) In any case, when jeans were ready for a risorgimento in the 1960s, they already carried an enormous mythic significance. To a generation that believed a massive military-industrial complex was brutalizing the American dream, jean symbolized a return to the friendlier, simpler values of the frontier, where each man had control over his own life, and where people cooperated to survive…
(3) Sort out the arrangement of ideas, judging the train of logical thinking.
（二）表达 (expression)
(4) Discriminate the meaning of words. (5) Arrange the sentence in conformity with Chinese syntax. (6) Polish words and phrases, having every word carefully weighed in consideration of the style of the original.
26年前，她那蓝眼 睛、花儿般的魅力， 脸蛋儿和身段的那种 玉洁冰清的秀气，还 有那苹果花似的脸色 ，曾经让阿修斯特一 见倾心。这些虽已成 了往事，
she was still at forty-three a comely 然而，43岁的她， 依然是一个眉清目秀 and a faithful 的忠实的伴侣，尽管 companion, whose cheeks were faintly 她的双颊隐约露出了 mottled, and whose 些斑点，灰蓝色的眼 睛也已经有些浮肿。 grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain （有改动） fullness.
二、 长句翻译技巧（techniques）
1. 包含 (embedding) 将定语前置，保留原有的长句“复杂”结构 。汉语具有一定的弹性和包容性，所以并非 一概不能使用长句。但这种翻译技巧不宜多 用。
1) This is no class war, but a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinction of race, creed, or party. —Winston S Churchill 这不是一场阶级之间的战争,而是一场不分种族、 不分信仰、不分党派、整个大英帝国及英联邦全 体成员国无不参加的战争。 ——丘吉尔
这次选举你为本届大会的主席，实为极为明 智的抉择，是对你的伟大国家的敬意。贵国 对自由国家的历史发展贡献了一种和平 传统，为我们构建法治社会树立了榜样。全 世界一贯对贵国表示尊重和和敬佩。 讨论： a. 你——您； b. 贵 lost the blue-eyed, flower-like charm, the cool slim purity of face and form, the apple-blossom coloring which has so swiftly and oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six years ago, she was still at forty-three a comely and a faithful companion, whose cheeks were faintly mottled, and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness.
当代科学的一切成就不仅提供了能够承受高 温高压的材料，而且也提供了新的工艺流程 。依靠这些成就，我们相信完全可以制造出 这样的卫星。
6) The great difficulty of introducing radically new computer architectures which requires customers to rewrite most of their software excluded the possibility for these techniques to find their way to the commercial marketplace. 全新的计算机体系结构要求用户改写其大部分软件 ，因此难以付诸实施，从而使得这些技术不可能进 入商品市场（从而排除了这些技术进入商品市场的 可能性）。
2. 切分法 （cutting）
通过化整为零，将长句译成几个独立的短句， 但要注意保持语义的连贯。
1) The loads a structure is subjected to are divided into dead loads, which include the weights of all the parts of the structure, and live loads, which are due to the weights of people, movable equipment, etc. 一个结构物承受的荷载分为静载与活载两类。静 载包括该结构物本部分的重量。活载则是由于 人及可移动设备等的重量而引起的荷载。
译者可以打乱原句的语序，兼顾原文的逻辑 和汉语的表达习惯，层层展开，突出重点。
1）The reason that a neutral body is attracted by a charged body is that, although the neutral body is neutral within itself, it is not neutral with respect to the charged body, and the two bodies act as if oppositely charged when brought near each other. 虽然中性物体本身是不带电的，但对于带电体来说，它 并非中性；当这两个物体彼此接近时，就会产生极 性相反的电荷的作用。这就是中性物体被带电体吸 引的原因。