专八听力预测试题二-精品
专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷361(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷361(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：How to Write a Dissertation Good afternoon, everyone. Welcome to today’s lecture about writing. I have known that you are preparing to write a dissertation at present. Unless you have written many formal documents before, you are going to find that it’s difficult! So, in today’s lecture, I will talk about methods for writing a dissertation. The foremost things you should know are two necessary preparations for successful completion of a dissertation. The first is planning ahead. A plan imposes a structure on the project and prevents you from drifting aimlessly for long periods of time. It will help motivate you to work during tedious or difficult phases and provides the incentive to make sacrifices. The second is the maintenance of healthy balance. The dissertation is such a time-consuming project that it can seem impossible to lead a balanced life. Without a healthy balance of life, you may feel angry, resentful, frustrated, overwhelmed, and depressed on a consistent basis. In order to maintain a healthy balance, it is often helpful to devote time every day and week to your physical social intellectual, emotional and spiritual well-being. Next, I will provide you with a few general ideas about a dissertation. As we know, a thesis is a hypothesis or conjecture. A dissertation is a lengthy, formal document that argues in defense of a particular thesis. So many people use the term “thesis” to refer to the document that a current dictionary now includes it as the third meaning. No. 1: Scientific method. The scientific method adopted in a dissertation means starting with a hypothesis and then collecting evidence to support or deny it. Before one can write a dissertation defending a particular thesis, one must collect evidence that supports it. Thus, the most difficult aspect of writing a dissertation consists of organizing the evidence and associated discussions into a coherent form. No. 2: Critical thinking. The essence of a dissertation is critical thinking, not experimental data. Analysis and concepts form the heart of the work. A dissertation also concentrates on principles: it states the lessons learned, and not merely the facts behind them. No. 3: Supporting materials. In general, every statement in a dissertation must be supported either by a reference to published scientific literature or by original work. But, a dissertation does not repeat the details of critical thinking and analysis found in published sources: it uses the results as fact and refers the readerto the source for further details. Each sentence in a dissertation must be complete and correct in a grammatical sense. Moreover, a dissertation must satisfy the strict rules of formal grammar. For example, no undefined technical jargon, no hidden jokes, and no slang, even when such terms or phrases are in common use in the spoken language. Indeed, the writing in a dissertation must be clear. Shades of meaning matter: the terminology and prose must make fine distinctions. The words must convey exactly the meaning intended, nothing more and nothing less. Each statement in a dissertation must be correct and defensible in a logical and scientific sense. Furthermore, the discussions in a dissertation must satisfy the strictest rules of logic applied to mathematics and science. Thirdly, we have to know what one should learn from the exercise. A11 scientists need to communicate discoveries: the dissertation provides training for communication with other scientists. Writing a dissertation requires a student to think deeply, to organize technical discussion, to muster arguments that will convince other scientists, and to follow rules for rigorous, formal presentation of the arguments and discussion. When writing a dissertation, we should also be clear about definitions and terminology. Each technical term used in a dissertation must be defined either by a reference to a previously published definition for standard terms with their usual meaning or by a precise, unambiguous definition that appears before the term is used for a new term or a standard term used in an unusual way. And each term should be used in one and only one way throughout the dissertation. The easiest way to avoid a long series of definitions is to include a statement. Then, only define exceptions. The introductory chapter can give the intuition of terms provided they are defined more precisely later. Last but not least important is language points. There is a principle we should remember, i.e. good writing is essential in a dissertation. As for voice, remember to use active constructions. For example, say “the operating system starts the device”instead of “the device is started by the operating system.” Then write in the present tense. For example, say “The system writes a page to the disk and then uses the frame” instead of “The system will use the frame after it wrote the page to disk”. Moreover, you should define negation early. For instance, say “no data block waits on the output queue”instead of “a data block awaiting output is not on the queue.”At last you should be careful that the subject of each sentence really does what the verb says it does. All computer scientists should know the rules of logic. Unfortunately the rules are more difficult to follow when the language of discourse is English instead of mathematical symbols. When written using mathematical symbols, the differences are obvious because “for all” and “there exists” are reversed. As far as the language points are concerned, there is a key to success: practice. No one ever learned to write by reading essays like this. Instead, you need to practice and practice. This is the secret to writing a good dissertation. To conclude, we have discussed some necessary preparations before writing a dissertation: What follows are some guiding principles, including some general ideas of a dissertation and how to reach a good writing. Finally, I provide you with a key to successful writing, i.e. practice. After this lecture, I hope you may find your dissertation-writing smooth.How to Write a Dissertation I. Two necessary preparationsA.Planning【T1】______【T1】______B. The【T2】______ of balanced life【T2】______all you have to do: devote time to physical, social,intellectual,【T3】______ well-being【T3】______II. The general ideaA. A thesis is a hypothesis or conjectureB.A dissertation is a lengthy,【T4】______【T4】______1. Scientific methodThe scientific method needs a【T5】______ of evidence【T5】______—to support a hypothesis —to deny a hypothesis2.【T6】______【T6】______—the essence of a dissertation — a dissertation【T7】______ principles【T7】______3. Supporting materialsA dissertation must【T8】______ every statement with a【T8】______reference or original work—It does not repeat details of published materials—It uses the results as fact III. Learning from the exerciseA Getting trained to【T9】______ with other scientists 【T9】______B. Learning to think deeply IV. Definitions and terminologyA Each technical term must be defined—by a reference to a definition【T10】______【T10】______—by a precise, unambiguous definition beforea)the term is used for a new termb)a standard term used in an unusual wayB. Each term should be used in one and only one way throughout the dissertationV. Language pointsA. Good writing is【T11】______ in a dissertation【T11】______B. Using active constructionsC. Writing in the 【T12】______tense【T12】______D.【T13】______negation early【T13】______E. Paying attention to【T14】______【T14】______VI. Key to success:【T15】______【T15】______1．【T1】正确答案：ahead／／beforehand解析：讲座的主题是“methods for writing a dissertation(撰写学位论文的方法)”，接着提出2个必要准备，其中之一就是planning ahead，可知答案为ahead，或其近义表达beforehand。
英语专八考试试题及参考答案
英语专八考试试题及参考答案英语专八考试试题及参考答案试卷是接受考试者学习情况而设定的并规定在一定时间内必须完成的试题。
一般是有老师集体讨论决定出的试卷，下面店铺为大家收集有关英语专八考试试题及参考答案，供大家参考。
英语专八考试试题及参考答案篇1第一部分听力测试（共25分）一、听句子选择图片。
共5小题，计5分。
A B CD E F 1， 2， 3， 4， 5，二、听对话回答问题。
共10小题，计10分。
请听第一段对话，回答第6小题。
6，How does the man keep in touch with（保持联系）his old friends?A. By sending e-mailsB. By meeting each other.C. By talking on the Internet. 请听第二段对话，回答第7小题。
7，What’s the man going to do this weekend?A.Chat online.B. Buy a computer.C. T ake classes.请听第三段对话，回答第8小题。
8，When did the boy use to play soccer?A. In the morning.B.At noon.C.After school.请听第四段对话，回答第9和10小题。
9，What’s Tom’s problem?A. His parents fought last night.B. He fought with his father last night.C. He fought with his brother last night.10,What’s Linda’s advice for Tom?A.Talking with his teacher.B.Talking with his friend.C.Talking with his parents. 请听第五段对话，回答第11和12小题。
专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷202(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷202(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Five Virtues of StyleGood morning, everyone. Welcome back to our series on Classical Rhetoric. Today we’re continuing our five-part segment on the Five Canons of Rhetoric. So far we’ve covered the canons of invention and arrangement Today we’re discussing the canon of style, particularly on the five virtues of style.Let’s begin with the first virtue, correctness. Correctness means speaking or writing in accordance with the rules and norms of one’s language.[1]An effective communicator uses words correctly and follows the rules of grammar and syntax. Why?[2]First, correct usage ensures clear and precise communication.[3]And second, correctly using language establishes credibility with an audience because it indicates the speaker or writer is well-educated, understands the nuances of language, and pays attention to details. When someone catches language mistakes in a speech or piece of text, the thought often arises, “If the author can’t even follow the basic rules of grammar or even take the time and effort to review them, why should I trust what he has to say?” When you’re attempting to persuade others, try to avoid anything that would distract your audience from your argument. Don’t give them a reason to discredit you by being lazy with correct grammar and usage.[4]Coming up is the second virtue, clarity. It’s hard to be persuasive when people can’t even understand what you’re trying to say. Clear and simple writing ensures that your message never gets lost between you and your audience. Remember: smart writing is simple writing.Clear and simple writing is actually quite difficult to do. It requires you to think hard about your topic, get at its core, and then put that core in terms that your audience can understand. Here are a few tips on writing and speaking with greater clarity.Firstly, write or speak something an 8th grader can understand. If an 8th grader can understand your speech or article, then chances are an adult of average education can too. Practice this by taking complex legal/ethical issues or scientific theories and writing a short blurb that could be put in an 8th grade textbook.Secondly,[5]use strong verbs. Avoid is, are, was, were, be, being, been. So instead of saying “Diane was killed by Jim,” say “Jim killed Diane.” It’s shorter, clearer, and punchier. Whenever I edit my writing, I always do a ctrl+f for those verbs and see if I can replace them with stronger verbs. Although sometimes you can’t do so without the sentence soundingworse than before.Thirdly,[6]keep average sentence length to about 20 words. Sentence length is one of the biggest factors in determining how easy it is to understand what you’re saying or writing. Ideas can get lost in super long sentences. While you should avoid really long sentences as much as possible, you don’t want all your sentences to be just five words each either. That makes your writing and speaking sound choppy and rushed. Shoot for an average of about 20 words a sentence. And mix sentences of varying lengths together.The third virtue of style is evidence. We’re not using “evidence”in the sense of facts you provide to prove a logical argument. For classical rhetoricians, the quality of evidence was a way to[7]measure how well language reached the e-motions of an audience through vivid description. Remember that most people are persuaded more by emotion than by logic.[8]One of the best ways to elicit an emotional response from people is to appeal to their physical senses by using vivid descriptions. For example, let’s say you’re making the case to your state legislator that your state needs to devote more funds towards fighting childhood hunger.[9]Instead of starting your speech or letter by spouting off a bunch of dry facts, it would be more persuasive to tell a story of a specific child who’s a victim of hunger. In your story, describe the conditions this child is living in—the smells, the sights, the sounds. Describe the pangs of hunger that gnaw on his stomach every night while he lies crying softly, curled in ball on a urine-soaked mattress. Who wouldn’t want to help this kid? That’s the quality of evidence in action.[10]Now let’s turn to the fourth virtue of style, propriety.[11]Propriety is the quality of style concerned with selecting words that fit with the subject matter of your speech and ensuring they’re appropriate for your audience and for the occasion. Simply put, propriety means saying the right thing, at the right place, at the right time. A common rhetorical event where you see the quality of propriety flagrantly violated is the best man speech at a wedding. I can’t count how many of these speeches I’ve witnessed where the best man says some thing that makes everyone in the room cringe. You’d think it’d be common sense, but a wedding toast in front of a groom’s new wife and her family isn’t an appropriate place to talk about the groom’s past relationships or a night of drunken debauchery you had with him back in your college days. You might think it’s funny, but a wedding reception isn’t the place for that sort of humour. It’d be fine at a roast, but not a toast.The last one to be mentioned is ornateness.[12]Ornate-ness involves making your speech or text interesting to listen to or read by using figures of speech and[13]manipulating the sound and rhythm of words. Classical rhetoricians focused on incorporating different figures of speech to decorate their speeches. Here are a few that I particularly enjoy using.[14]The first one is Antanaclasis. It means repetition of a word in two different senses. For example: “If we don’t hang together, we’ll hang separately.”Benjamin Franklin said.The second one is simile. It is an explicit comparison, often employing “like” or “as.” John Steinbeck in his book The Grapes of Wrath wrote: “The full green hills are round and soft as breasts.”[15]Finally, metaphor. It means a comparison made by e-quating one thing with another, showing that two unlike things have something in common. Our most familiar example might be this sentence: “A mighty fortress is our God.”OK I have outlined the five virtues of style for you. Rememberthe correctness, clarity, evidence, propriety and ornateness of the style. When you write a speech or produce a text, remember to follow these five virtues.Five Virtues of StyleI. Correctness—Follow correct usage of words, grammar and【T1】_____ rules【T1】______—Reasonsa)Ensure【T2】_____ communication 【T2】______b)Make your speech or writing【T3】_____to an audience【T3】______II.【T4】_____【T4】______—Message will not get lost due to clear and simple writing —Tips on simple writinga)Write something an 8th grader can understandb)Use【T5】_____verbs【T5】______c)Keep average sentence length to about【T6】_____ words 【T6】______III. Evidence—Purpose: to measure how well language materializesthe 【T7】_____ appeal to an audience【T7】______—Using【T8】______【T8】______Example: to ask for more funds to fight childhood hunger Avoid【T9】_____ at the beginning【T9】______ Tell a story about a child victimized by hungerIV.【T10】_____【T10】______—Quality of style concerned witha)choice of 【T11】_____【T11】______b)audiencec)occasion—Example: best man speech at a weddingV. Ornateness—Make the text【T12】_____ by use of【T12】______a)figures of speech andb)manipulation of【T13】_____ and rhythm of words【T13】______—Speaker’s favourite choice:a)Antanaclasis: repetition of a word in【T14】_____【T14】______b)Simile: explicit comparisonc)【T15】_____: linking two unlike things 【T15】______1．【T1】正确答案：syntax解析：本题考查准确性需要遵循的规则。
专八听力考试题及答案
专八听力考试题及答案1. 听下面一段对话，回答以下问题：(1) 男人为什么去图书馆？(2) 女人建议男人做什么？答案：(1) 男人去图书馆是为了借阅一本关于历史的书籍。
(2) 女人建议男人可以在网上查找相关信息。
2. 根据所听短文，完成下列句子：(1) The speaker mentioned that ________ is the most important aspect of a successful business.(2) According to the speaker, ________ can significantly impact the growth of a company.答案：(1) innovation is the most important aspect of a successful business.(2) employee satisfaction can significantly impact the growth of a company.3. 听下面一段新闻报道，回答以下问题：(1) What is the main topic of the news?(2) What measures are being taken to address the issue?答案：(1) The main topic of the news is the increasing pollution levels in major cities.(2) The government is implementing stricter emission standards for vehicles to address the issue.4. 根据所听讲座内容，回答以下问题：(1) What is the speaker's opinion on the role oftechnology in education?(2) What example does the speaker give to illustrate the point?答案：(1) The speaker believes that technology can greatly enhance the learning experience in education.(2) The speaker gives the example of using interactive software in classrooms to make lessons more engaging.5. 听下面一段对话，完成下列句子：(1) The woman is planning to ________ for her vacation.(2) The man suggests ________ as a possible destination.答案：(1) The woman is planning to go hiking for her vacation.(2) The man suggests visiting the national park as a possible destination.6. 根据所听短文，回答以下问题：(1) What is the main reason for the decline in the population of the species discussed?(2) What conservation efforts are mentioned in the article?答案：(1) The main reason for the decline in the population is habitat loss due to urban development.(2) The conservation efforts mentioned includeestablishing protected areas and raising public awareness.7. 听下面一段对话，回答以下问题：(1) Why is the woman upset?(2) What does the man offer to do?答案：(1) The woman is upset because she missed her flight.(2) The man offers to help her rebook another flight.8. 根据所听讲座内容，完成下列句子：(1) The speaker argues that ________ is crucial for maintaining a healthy lifestyle.(2) The speaker also mentions that ________ can lead to various health issues.答案：(1) The speaker argues that regular exercise is crucialfor maintaining a healthy lifestyle.(2) The speaker also mentions that a sedentary lifestyle can lead to various health issues.9. 听下面一段新闻报道，回答以下问题：(1) What is the main focus of the news report?(2) What is the current status of the situation?答案：(1) The main focus of the news report is the ongoing negotiations between two countries.(2) The current status of the situation is that both sides have agreed to continue talks next month.10. 根据所听对话，回答以下问题：(1) What is the man's opinion about the new restaurant?(2) What does the woman think about the food?答案：(1) The man's opinion about the new restaurant is that it is overpriced.(2) The woman thinks the food is delicious but not worth the high price.。
专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷262(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷262(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Chinese Americans Good morning. We’ll continue with our introduction to American minorities. Today’s focus is on Chinese Americans. For many years it was common in the United States to associate Chinese Americans with restaurants and laundries. People did not realize that the Chinese had been driven into these occupations by prejudice and discrimination that used to face them in this country. The first group of Chinese came during the California Gold Rush of 1849. (1) Like most of the other people, they had come to search for gold. In that largely unoccupied land, they staked a claim for themselves by placing markers in the ground. However, (2) either because the Chinese were so different from the others or because they worked so patiently that they sometimes succeeded in turning a seemingly worthless mining claim into a profitable one, they became the scapegoats of their envious competitors. They were harassed in many ways. (3) Often they were prevented from working on their claims; some localities even passed regulations forbidding them to own claims. (4) Therefore, these Chinese had to seek out other ways of earning a living. Some of them began to do the laundry for the white miners; others set up small restaurants. Some others went to work as farmhands or as fishermen. In the early 1860s, a second group of Chinese arrived in California. (5) This time, they were imported as work crews to construct the first transcontinental railroad. The work was so strenuous and dangerous, and it was carried on in such a remote part of the country that the railroad company could not find other laborers for the job. As in the case of their predecessors, these Chinese were almost all males and they encountered a great deal of prejudice. (6) The hostility grew especially strong after the railroad project was completed, and the imported laborers returned to California, all out of work. Because there were so many more of them this time, these Chinese drew even more attention than the earlier group did. (7) They were so different in every aspect: in their physical appearance, in their language, and in their religion. They were contemptuously called “heathen Chinese”. When times were hard, they were blamed for working for lower wages and taking jobs away from white men. And these white men were actually recent immigrants themselves. (8) Anti-Chinese riots broke out in many cities, and some even developed into arson andbloodshed. The Chinese were not allowed to make legal appeals and they were not accepted as American citizens. Californians began to demand that no more Chinese be permitted to enter their state. (9) Finally, in 1882, the Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which stopped the immigration of Chinese laborers. Many Chinese returned to their homeland, and their numbers declined sharply in the early part of this century. (10) However, during WWII, when China was an ally of the United States, the exclusion laws were ended. A small number of Chinese were allowed to immigrate each year, and Chinese could become American citizens. (11) In 1965, in a general revision of American immigration laws, many more Chinese were permitted to settle here. From the start, the Chinese had lived apart in their own separate neighborhoods, which came to be known as “Chinatowns “. In each of them the residents organized an unofficial government to make rules for the community and to settle disputes. Many people couldn’t find jods on the outside, so they went into business for themselves, primarily to serve their own neighborhood. As for laundries and restaurants, some of them soon spread in the city, since such services continued to be in demand among non-Chinese too. To this day, certain Chinatowns, especially those of San Francisco and New York, are busy, thriving communities. (12) They have become great attractions for tourists and for those who enjoy Chinese food. (13) Most of today’s Chinese Americans are the descendants of some of the early miners and railroad workers. Those immigrants had been uneducated farm laborers in the vicinity of Canton in Southeast China before they came to America. Even after having lived here for several generations, Chinese Americans retain many aspects of their ancient culture. For example, their family ties continue to be remarkably strong. Members of the family lend each other moral support and also practical help when necessary. From a very young age, children are taught with the old values and attitudes, including respect for their elders and a feeling of responsibility to the family. This helps to explain why there is so little juvenile delinquency among them. (14) The high regard for education, and the willingness to work very hard to gain advancement, are two other noteworthy characteristics of them. These explain why so many descendants of uneducated laborers have succeeded in becoming doctors, lawyers and other professionals. By the way, many of the most outstanding Chinese American scholars, scientists, and artists are more recent arrivals. They come from China’s former upper class and represent its high cultural traditions. Chinese Americans make up only a tiny fraction of the American population. They live chiefly in California, New York, and Hawaii. As American attitudes toward minorities and toward ethnic differences have changed in recent years, the long-hated Chinese have gained wide acceptance. Today, they are generally admired for many remarkable characteristics, and are often held up as an example worth following. (15) And their numerous contributions to their adopted land are much appreciated. Now, we are coming to the end of our lecture. Today we’ve talked about what Chinese Americans have undergone since the California Gold Rush of 1849. Our focus for the next week will be on African Americans. Thank you for your attention.Chinese Americans I . Early immigrationA. the first group of Chinese immigrants—came to【T1】______【T1】______—became the【T2】______ of theirenvious competitors【T2】______—were prevented from working on their【T3】______【T3】______—sought out other ways of【T4】______【T4】______B. the second group of Chinese immigrants—were imported to construct the first【T5】______ railroad【T5】______—aroused strong【T6】______ after the railroad project was 【T6】______completed —were called “heathen Chinese”—reason: differences in appearance, language and【T7】______【T7】______—anti-Chinese【T8】______ broke out in many cities【T8】______—the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed to stop the【T9】______ of【T9】______Chinese laborers Ⅱ. During WWII —China was an 【T10】______ of the United States【T10】______—a general【T11】______ of the immigration laws【T11】______—more Chinese were permitted to settle in America —Chinatowns have become great【T12】______ for tourists【T12】______ Ⅲ. Today’s Chinese Americans —most are the【T13】______ of the early miners and railroad workers【T13】______ —many aspects of their ancient culture have been retained —two other noteworthy characteristics: —the high regard for education —the【T14】______ to work hard to gain advancement【T14】______—numerous【T15】______ are much appreciated【T15】______1．【T1】正确答案：search for gold解析：根据句(1)可知，第一批来到加利福尼亚的华人与其他大多数人一样是为了淘金，故答案为search for gold。
专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷24(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷24(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：Some Theories of History Good morning, everyone. In today’s lecture, we are going to talk about some theories of history. How much of man’s history do we know? We really know very little. Written records exist for only a fraction of what we suppose to have been man’s time as a unique species. Furthermore, the accuracy of these records is often suspected, and the scope and selection of significant detail in them often needs improvement. It is worse when we try to reconstruct man’s history before the development of writing, and this is unfortunate because the history of the early development of human society is lost to us. The most that we can do is to use traces, deduction, speculation and the knowledge we have of the habits of those animals which have some elementary social order to help us make a partial reconstruction. This is hardly a satisfactory substitute for precise information. With our knowledge of human history, which is only fragmentary at best, it is therefore nearly impossible to reconstruct the beginning, and to deduce the end, of the story of man. Thus, there have developed many schools of thought on the subject, each of which attempts to give coherence to the human past by fitting it into the framework of a theory of history. The first theory I want to introduce is assumed that man continually progress. He has evolved from a lower to a higher form of being, and he continues to evolve. This evolution takes place both in terms of his potentials and his abilities to actualize these potentials. If one holds this theory, one feels that modern man must be more intelligent and civilized today than his ancestors, as well as physically and morally superior to them. One further assumes that this progress will continue into an ever more glorious future. Here deduction often ends and dreams of Utopia begin, for it seems that most of us find it hard to think of the human race developing into a race of angels. All in all, as a theory of history, the above view has had many eminent supporters. It might be well to mention here a variation on this theory that used to be popular, namely the idea that man rose from a low condition to a Golden Age at some time in the remote past, and that things have gone straight downhill ever since. Many eminent men have found a sort of gloomy comfort in this idea, but science has now opened up possibilities for the future which makes this theory less defendable. Perhaps for this reason the theoryhas little modern support. A second theory of history is held by those men who see man’s history as something quite different from a simple progression from a lower to a higher state. They see it as a cycle of stages of development which are predictable in their broad outlines and main features. As surely as a civilization rises and comes into being, so also must it decline and fall. The chief pattern one sees in history is the rise and fall of civilization. To holders of this theory, modern man is not looked upon as the most superior social being yet produced. He is simply the typical product of the current stage in the cycle of our civilization. In fact he may actually be inferior to members of past civilizations. It all depends upon what stage of civilization we happen to be living in. Indeed, it has been said that the average modern literate city dweller is comparatively more ignorant of his era’s fund of knowledge than other literate city dwellers of the past While the staggering fund of knowledge in our technologically advanced world is undoubtedly greater than that of any past civilization, it is probably true that the average modern man, relying on such repetitive forms of entertainment as television and working in a narrowly specialized job, knows a great deal less sheer information about his world than did earlier people. In a third theory of history, the two above theories are to some degree reconciled. According to this theory, which is often termed the spiral view of history, human societies do repeat a cycle of stages, but overall progress observable in the long historical perspective. Civilizations do rise and fall, as the advocates of the second theory maintain, but the new civilization which replaces the first, usually by conquest, contains superior qualities which enable it to rise to a higher stage of development until it, too, declines and is replaced by yet a third civilization. The above theories interpret history in term as if the overall progress of mankind in general without respect to differentiations within the social order. It is also possible to view human history in terms of the interaction of socioeconomic groups. Human history, according to this theory, is most clearly interpreted as the disappearance of class struggle. Most people who hold this theory assume an eventual resolution of the struggle through the disappearance of class differences, although it would be just as correct to assume that the struggle could continue unresolved. Those who assume that the struggle can eventually be resolved hold that history has a goal and that progress can be measured in terms of how quickly mankind is reaching that goal. OK. This brings us to the end of today’s lecture. I hope now you can have a better understanding of what history is. Thank you for your attention.Some Theories of History I. The problems of understanding history History with written records: the records may be【B1】______ and inaccurate.【B1】______ History before writing: we can only make a partial reconstruction.II. Some theories have been proposed to give coherence to human historyTheory 1 Man continually【B2】______ in terms of his potentials and【B2】______his abilities to actualize these potentials. Modern man is superior to his ancestors【B3】______, physically and morally.【B3】______ A branch of the theory: man rose to a【B4】______ before.【B4】______Theory 2 Man’s history is a【B5】______ of stages of development, whose pattern is【B5】______the rise and fall of civilization. Whether modern man is superior to his ancestors depends onwhat【B6】______ ofcivilization he is in.【B6】______Theory 3 In this theory, the first two theories 【B7】______ with each other.【B7】______ It is known as the【B8】______ of history.【B8】______Theory 4 This theory views human history from the【B9】______【B9】______of socioeconomic groups. Human history can be interpreted as the【B10】______ of class snuggle.【B10】______1．【B1】正确答案：incomplete∥fractional解析：讲座的主题是“some theories of history(一些历史理论)”。
专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷342(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷342(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Five Types of Books Good morning. This lecture is going to introduce 5 types of books that can increase intelligence. As you know, we read for information, with the hope that information we acquire will improve our minds, giving us the means to improve our lives. In the modern Age of Information, more reading material is available than ever, making it increasingly difficult to allocate our reading time efficiently. All books are not created equal, and it follows that all readers are not equal either. To read prodigiously and to read profitably are two very different things. A great amount of time is wasted reading books that are forgotten a short time after they’re completed. But time spent reading books that cultivate intelligence and wisdom is a labor that yields continuous benefit over a lifetime. Although it is certainly necessary, for the purposes of business and everyday life, to read about the latest news and trends, that type of reading is outside the scope of this article. My aim is to encourage the reading of books that permanently increase intelligence and, as a result, improve our chances of leading prosperous and fulfilling lives. The first choice is books about science. Science is not restricted to scientific text books. It includes all books that increase our understanding of the natural world. This includes books on commerce and society, with the unifying theme being the use of evidence to explain events. The great value of these books comes, not from the theories they prove which will likely be disproved in the future, but from the development of curiosity and the methods of learning. Scientific books teach us how to investigate our intuition and validate it with evidence. They also inspire wonder and respect for the physical world and for our own intellect. Then, philosophy comes as our second choice. In ancient times, science and philosophy grew from the seed of analytical thought. If science teaches us to understand the outside world, philosophy teaches us to understand ourselves. It could very well be called the science of human life. In addition to the classic philosophical works, this category also includes the great religious texts. The Bible, Koran, Bhagavad Gita, etc. are not universally valuable because of religious dogma, but because of the wisdom and beauty that has inspired billions to live loving, pious lives. It is an unfortunate modern bias that philosophy is considered irrelevant. Although we worship at the shrine of modern technology, this isstill a very human world. Philosophy will increase your understanding of human needs and desires, knowledge that is essential for spreading ideas and predicting human behavior. The third one is serious fiction. I’d like to permanently discredit the belief that fictional works are inferior because they’re only “made up stories”. Only a person totally devoid of imagination could believe that. Great works of fiction contain more truth than any other literary genre because they allow the reader to experience a new reality. Fiction creates experiences that elevate your level of consciousness. Serious fiction also contains a great deal of philosophy, psychology, and history. Truman Capote said that a good novel is worth more than any scientific study. For the purpose of increasing individual human intelligence, I’m inclined to agree. Great fiction is also great language. And as I’ve written before, reading great language is the only way to become a better writer. It will also make you a better thinker, speaker, and conversationalist. Moreover, history books are also included. History feels boring because as children it meant dull text books, memorizing dates, and tedious lectures. And who can blame us? The public schools have done their best to take the humanity out of history. But at its best, history is fascinating anecdotes, remarkable characters, and the evolution of ideas that have shaped civilization. By learning about the past we are able to interpret our own times. We are able to recognize modern prejudices and the nature of humanity. Although history may not help us predict the future, it increases self understanding and awareness. It teaches us the timelessness of ideas and morality. The last type is poetry. I saved poetry for last because convincing you to take it seriously provides the greatest challenge. Poetry arouses images of Shakespearian actors reciting flowery rhymes. It’s no wonder most people think it lacks substance and applicability. But to maintain this opinion is to ignore one of the great joys of human intelligence and underestimate the mysterious power of words. It’s no coincidence that many languages use the same word for poet and prophet. The reading of great poetry produces a feeling that cannot be adequately described, a feeling of awe and reverence for the power of words. Great poetry is the fusion of music and meaning. It is the medium of humanity’s most ancient masterpieces. Poetry sharpens language skills and develops eloquence. Meaning is only half of the great language. The best authors write with a style that is both pleasurable and instructive. An appreciation of poetry is essential for reaching this degree of excellence. As to resources, I can’t make a formal set of recommendations. There are just too many great books and my experience is too limited. How could I presume to know your tastes or area of interest? What I can do is point out a couple of places where you’ll be sure to find something of interest. Anyone who follows this site knows that I’m a whore for the old stuff. Strangely, the Internet is the best thing that’s happened to old books since the printing press. Bartleby contains an extensive collection of materials that are well formatted for online reading. You should read for self improvement, not to feel educated and superior. Reading, even the most rigorous intellectual type, should be a labor of love. It might be easier to read lighter books, but the moments of discovery created by challenging books are more pleasurable and exhilarating than any suspense novel. If you make an effort to read more profitably, you’ll be rewarded with wisdom, beauty,and many hours of productive leisure.Five Types of Books I. IntroductionA. Reading for information, hoping to—improve our minds with the information acquired—give us the means to improve our livesB. Reading prodigiously & reading【T1】______: two different things【T1】______—to read books that increase【T2】______【T2】______—to read books that helps improve our chances of a happy livingII. The first choice: books about【T3】______【T3】______A. Including not only scientific text books, but alsothe books that increase our understanding of the【T4】______【T4】______B. The value of these books:—the development of【T5】______【T5】______—the methods of learning —how to investigate our intuition and validate it with evidence—inspiring wonder and respect for【T6】______【T6】______III. The second choice: philosophyA. Teaching us to understand【T7】______【T7】______B. Including:—the classic philosophical works—the great texts of【T8】______【T8】______IV. The third choice: serious fictionA. Great works of fiction: containing more truthB. Fiction:【T9】______ experiences【T9】______C. Serious fiction: containing a lot of philosophy, psychology & historyD. Great fiction: being also【T10】______【T10】______V. The fourth choice:【T11】______【T11】______A. helping us to interpret our own timesB. recognizing modern prejudices and the nature of humanityC. Increasing our self understandingD. Teaching us that ideas and morality are【T12】______【T12】______VI. The last type: poetryA. Producing a feeling of【T13】______ for the power of words【T13】______B. Appreciation of poetry: essential for reading—sharpening language skills-【T14】______【T14】______VII. ResourcesA. No formal set of【T15】______【T15】______B. The Internet1．【T1】正确答案：profitably／／usefully解析：讲座的主题是“5 types of books that can increase intelligence(类能够提高智力的书)”，根据原文“广泛地阅读和有益地阅读是不同的”，可知答案为profitably(也可填意思相近的usefully)。
专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷232(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷232(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Five Virtues of StyleGood morning, everyone. Welcome back to our series on Classical Rhetoric. Today we’re continuing our five-part segment on the Five Canons of Rhetoric. So far we’ve covered the canons of invention and arrangement Today we’re discussing the canon of style, particularly on the five virtues of style.Let’s begin with the first virtue, correctness. Correctness means speaking or writing in accordance with the rules and norms of one’s language.[1]An effective communicator uses words correctly and follows the rules of grammar and syntax. Why?[2]First, correct usage ensures clear and precise communication.[3]And second, correctly using language establishes credibility with an audience because it indicates the speaker or writer is well-educated, understands the nuances of language, and pays attention to details. When someone catches language mistakes in a speech or piece of text, the thought often arises, “If the author can’t even follow the basic rules of grammar or even take the time and effort to review them, why should I trust what he has to say?” When you’re attempting to persuade others, try to avoid anything that would distract your audience from your argument. Don’t give them a reason to discredit you by being lazy with correct grammar and usage.[4]Coming up is the second virtue, clarity. It’s hard to be persuasive when people can’t even understand what you’re trying to say. Clear and simple writing ensures that your message never gets lost between you and your audience. Remember: smart writing is simple writing.Clear and simple writing is actually quite difficult to do. It requires you to think hard about your topic, get at its core, and then put that core in terms that your audience can understand. Here are a few tips on writing and speaking with greater clarity.Firstly, write or speak something an 8th grader can understand. If an 8th grader can understand your speech or article, then chances are an adult of average education can too. Practice this by taking complex legal/ethical issues or scientific theories and writing a short blurb that could be put in an 8th grade textbook.Secondly,[5]use strong verbs. Avoid is, are, was, were, be, being, been. So instead of saying “Diane was killed by Jim,” say “Jim killed Diane.” It’s shorter, clearer, and punchier. Whenever I edit my writing, I always do a ctrl+f for those verbs and see if I can replace them with stronger verbs. Although sometimes you can’t do so without the sentence soundingworse than before.Thirdly,[6]keep average sentence length to about 20 words. Sentence length is one of the biggest factors in determining how easy it is to understand what you’re saying or writing. Ideas can get lost in super long sentences. While you should avoid really long sentences as much as possible, you don’t want all your sentences to be just five words each either. That makes your writing and speaking sound choppy and rushed. Shoot for an average of about 20 words a sentence. And mix sentences of varying lengths together.The third virtue of style is evidence. We’re not using “evidence”in the sense of facts you provide to prove a logical argument. For classical rhetoricians, the quality of evidence was a way to[7]measure how well language reached the e-motions of an audience through vivid description. Remember that most people are persuaded more by emotion than by logic.[8]One of the best ways to elicit an emotional response from people is to appeal to their physical senses by using vivid descriptions. For example, let’s say you’re making the case to your state legislator that your state needs to devote more funds towards fighting childhood hunger.[9]Instead of starting your speech or letter by spouting off a bunch of dry facts, it would be more persuasive to tell a story of a specific child who’s a victim of hunger. In your story, describe the conditions this child is living in—the smells, the sights, the sounds. Describe the pangs of hunger that gnaw on his stomach every night while he lies crying softly, curled in ball on a urine-soaked mattress. Who wouldn’t want to help this kid? That’s the quality of evidence in action.[10]Now let’s turn to the fourth virtue of style, propriety.[11]Propriety is the quality of style concerned with selecting words that fit with the subject matter of your speech and ensuring they’re appropriate for your audience and for the occasion. Simply put, propriety means saying the right thing, at the right place, at the right time. A common rhetorical event where you see the quality of propriety flagrantly violated is the best man speech at a wedding. I can’t count how many of these speeches I’ve witnessed where the best man says some thing that makes everyone in the room cringe. You’d think it’d be common sense, but a wedding toast in front of a groom’s new wife and her family isn’t an appropriate place to talk about the groom’s past relationships or a night of drunken debauchery you had with him back in your college days. You might think it’s funny, but a wedding reception isn’t the place for that sort of humour. It’d be fine at a roast, but not a toast.The last one to be mentioned is ornateness.[12]Ornate-ness involves making your speech or text interesting to listen to or read by using figures of speech and[13]manipulating the sound and rhythm of words. Classical rhetoricians focused on incorporating different figures of speech to decorate their speeches. Here are a few that I particularly enjoy using.[14]The first one is Antanaclasis. It means repetition of a word in two different senses. For example: “If we don’t hang together, we’ll hang separately.”Benjamin Franklin said.The second one is simile. It is an explicit comparison, often employing “like” or “as.” John Steinbeck in his book The Grapes of Wrath wrote: “The full green hills are round and soft as breasts.”[15]Finally, metaphor. It means a comparison made by e-quating one thing with another, showing that two unlike things have something in common. Our most familiar example might be this sentence: “A mighty fortress is our God.”OK I have outlined the five virtues of style for you. Rememberthe correctness, clarity, evidence, propriety and ornateness of the style. When you write a speech or produce a text, remember to follow these five virtues.Five Virtues of StyleI. Correctness—Follow correct usage of words, grammar and【T1】_____ rules【T1】______—Reasonsa)Ensure【T2】_____ communication 【T2】______b)Make your speech or writing【T3】_____to an audience【T3】______II.【T4】_____【T4】______—Message will not get lost due to clear and simple writing —Tips on simple writinga)Write something an 8th grader can understandb)Use【T5】_____verbs【T5】______c)Keep average sentence length to about【T6】_____ words 【T6】______III. Evidence—Purpose: to measure how well language materializesthe 【T7】_____ appeal to an audience【T7】______—Using【T8】______【T8】______Example: to ask for more funds to fight childhood hunger Avoid【T9】_____ at the beginning【T9】______ Tell a story about a child victimized by hungerIV.【T10】_____【T10】______—Quality of style concerned witha)choice of 【T11】_____【T11】______b)audiencec)occasion—Example: best man speech at a weddingV. Ornateness—Make the text【T12】_____ by use of【T12】______a)figures of speech andb)manipulation of【T13】_____ and rhythm of words【T13】______—Speaker’s favourite choice:a)Antanaclasis: repetition of a word in【T14】_____【T14】______b)Simile: explicit comparisonc)【T15】_____: linking two unlike things 【T15】______1．【T1】正确答案：syntax解析：本题考查准确性需要遵循的规则。
专业英语八级(新闻听力)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（新闻听力）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.听力原文： A fast-moving wildfire erupted Friday on the main interstate between Southern California and Las Vegas, forcing evacuations of 1,500 homes and the closure of the freeway. By late Friday, firefighters were gaining the upper hand on the fire, allowing officials to lift evacuation orders for half of the homes and reopen the freeway to holiday weekend traffic. The fire began Friday afternoon and quickly grew to 1,100 acres. The fire was fueled by winds up to 15 mph and 90 degrees temperatures, but by evening cooler weather and calmer winds helped firefighters control the blaze, U.S. Forest Service spokesman said. The fire destroyed two mobile homes and damaged two other structures. A firefighter suffered heat exhaustion and another suffered a medical-related injury. By evening, authorities determined it was safe for those who live on the north and west side of the fire to come back. Air quality officials predicted that smoke from the fire would cause problems for people with health sensitivities in the San Bernardino and San Gabriel mountain areas. The South Coast Air Quality Management District urged them to avoid unnecessary outdoor activities. CNN Student News1．Which of the following was a result of the wildfire?A．1500 homes were burned down.B．The freeway was closed.C．Two firefighters were killed.D．1100 acres of forest were burned.正确答案：B解析：细节题。
英语专八完整试题及答案
英语专八完整试题及答案一、听力理解（Part I Listening Comprehension）Section A: Mini-Lecture1. The speaker mentioned several benefits of learning a second language. What are they?- A. Improved cognitive abilities- B. Enhanced job prospects- C. Increased cultural understanding- D. All of the above2. According to the lecture, what is the most challenging aspect of learning a new language?- A. Vocabulary acquisition- B. Grammar rules- C. Pronunciation- D. Cultural nuancesSection B: Interview3. What is the main topic of the interview?- A. The impact of technology on education- B. The role of arts in society- C. The importance of environmental conservation- D. The future of space exploration4. What does the interviewee suggest as a solution to thediscussed issue?- A. Government intervention- B. Public awareness campaigns- C. International collaboration- D. Technological innovation二、阅读理解（Part II Reading Comprehension）Passage 15. What is the main idea of the passage?- A. The history of the English language- B. The evolution of English literature- C. The influence of English on global communication- D. The development of English as a global lingua franca6. The author uses which of the following to support their argument?- A. Historical events- B. Personal anecdotes- C. Scientific studies- D. Survey resultsPassage 27. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?- A. To persuade readers to adopt a healthier lifestyle- B. To inform readers about the latest health trends- C. To critique the current state of healthcare- D. To provide a comprehensive review of a health-related topic8. What is the author's stance on the topic discussed?- A. Skeptical- B. Supportive- C. Neutral- D. Critical三、语言知识（Part III Language Knowledge）9. Which of the following is the correct form of the verb "to be" in the past tense for the third person singular?- A. am- B. is- C. are- D. was10. The word "irrespective" is closest in meaning to:- A. regardless- B. respective- C. perspective- D. prospective四、翻译（Part IV Translation）Section A: English to Chinese11. Translate the following sentence into Chinese:- "The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives."Section B: Chinese to English12. Translate the following sentence into English:- "随着全球化的不断深入，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。
专八模拟试题及答案
专八模拟试题及答案一、听力理解1. 短对话理解听下面一段对话，回答以下问题：- 问题一：What is the man's major?答案：The man's major is Computer Science.- 问题二：Why does the woman suggest going to the library?答案：The woman suggests going to the library because it is quiet and conducive to studying.2. 长对话理解听下面一段较长的对话，回答以下问题：- 问题一：What is the main topic of the conversation?答案：The main topic of the conversation is about the upcoming job interview.- 问题二：What advice does the man give to the woman?答案：The man advises the woman to dress professionally and to arrive early for the interview.二、阅读理解1. 阅读理解A阅读下面的短文，回答以下问题：- 问题一：What is the author's opinion on the importance of a balanced diet?答案：The author believes that a balanced diet is crucial for maintaining good health.- 问题二：According to the passage, what are the benefits of eating vegetables?答案：Eating vegetables provides essential nutrients and helps prevent certain diseases.2. 阅读理解B阅读下面的短文，回答以下问题：- 问题一：What is the main purpose of the text?答案：The main purpose of the text is to discuss the impact of technology on education.- 问题二：How does the author view the role of technology in classrooms?答案：The author views the role of technology in classrooms as a tool that can enhance learning experiences.三、完形填空阅读下面的短文，从所给的选项中选出最佳选项填空：- 空格一：The company has been __________ for its innovative products.选项：A) recognized B) criticized C) ignored D) forgotten 答案：A) recognized- 空格二：Despite the challenges, she remained __________ throughout the project.选项：A) optimistic B) indifferent C) skeptical D) pessimistic答案：A) optimistic四、翻译将下列句子从中文翻译成英文：- 句子一：随着经济的发展，人们对生活质量的要求越来越高。
德语专八模拟试题pdf
德语专八模拟试题pdf一、听力理解1. 短对话理解- 听下列对话，从A、B、C三个选项中选择正确答案。
- 每段对话仅播放一遍，之后将给出15秒的作答时间。
2. 长对话理解- 听下列长对话，回答相关问题。
- 每段对话将播放两遍，之后将给出30秒的作答时间。
3. 新闻听力- 听下列新闻报道，回答相关问题。
- 新闻报道将播放一遍，之后将给出45秒的作答时间。
二、阅读理解1. 快速阅读- 阅读下列短文，从A、B、C三个选项中选择正确答案。
- 每篇文章阅读时间为5分钟。
2. 深度阅读- 阅读下列长文，回答相关问题。
- 每篇文章阅读时间为10分钟。
3. 完形填空- 阅读下列文章，从A、B、C三个选项中选择正确答案填入空格。
- 每篇文章完成时间为8分钟。
三、语法与词汇1. 单项选择- 从A、B、C三个选项中选择正确答案。
- 每题作答时间为30秒。
2. 词汇搭配- 将下列词汇与正确的搭配连线。
- 完成时间为5分钟。
3. 句型转换- 将下列句子转换成指定的句型。
- 每句转换时间为1分钟。
四、写作1. 应用文写作- 根据所给情景，写一封应用文。
- 写作时间为15分钟。
2. 议论文写作- 根据所给话题，写一篇议论文。
- 写作时间为30分钟。
五、翻译1. 德译汉- 将下列德文段落翻译成中文。
- 翻译时间为20分钟。
2. 汉译德- 将下列中文段落翻译成德文。
- 翻译时间为20分钟。
请注意，以上排版及格式要求仅供参考，具体试题内容需根据实际考试要求进行调整。
专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷366(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷366(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Writing a Research Paper I think as seniors, you are often required by your instructors to do some library research on this topic or that. And, in the end, you have to write a research paper, right? Then what is writing a research paper like? How are we going to write one? What are the steps in producing a research paper and what are the points we need to take care of? In today’s lecture, I’ll try to answer these questions. First of all, what is writing a research paper like? We may start by comparing it to an ordinary essay, a form of writing you are very familiar with. Writing a research paper is much like writing an essay. Both kinds of writing involve many of the same basic steps. That is choosing a topic, asking questions to define and develop the topic, identifying the audience, getting raw material to work with, outlining the paper, writing it, and, finally, revising it. These are the steps shared between research paper writing and essay writing. Is there any difference, you may ask. Yes. What makes a research paper different is that much of your raw material comes not from your own head, but from printed sources: mainly books and periodicals in the library. Collecting raw material, that is reading books and taking notes, is very much like the process of brainstorming at the prewriting stage of an ordinary essay. Generally speaking, there are two basic types of research papers, and a paper may belong to either type. It may be a survey of facts and opinions available on a given topic or an analytical argument that uses those facts and opinions to prove a point. Your instructor may tell you which kind of paper you are expected to write. If not, you yourself should eventually choose between surveying and arguing. You will then have a definite way of managing your sources. Now, let’s take a look at how you are going to write a survey-type research paper or an argumentative research paper. In a survey-type research paper, you gather facts and a variety of opinions on a given topic. You make little attempt to interpret or evaluate what your sources say or to prove a particular point. Instead, through quotation, summary, and paraphrase, you try to provide a representative sampling of facts and opinions, to give an objective report on your topic. You explain the pros and cons of various attitudes or opinions, but you don’t side definitely with any one of them. While in an argumentative research paper, you do considerably more. You do not simply quote,paraphrase, and summarize as you do in a survey-type paper. You interpret, question, compare, and judge the statements you cite. You explain why one opinion is sound and another is not: why one fact is relevant and another is not: why one writer is correct and another is mistaken. What’s more, your purpose may vary with your topic. You may try to explain a situation, to recommend a course of action, to reveal the solution to a problem, or to present and defend a particular interpretation of a historical event or a work of art. But whether the topic is space travel or trends in contemporary American literature, an argumentative research paper deals actively—I say it again, actively—with the statements it cites. It makes these statements work together in an argument that you create, that is, an argument leading to a conclusion of your own. In the next part of the lecture, I’d like to talk about one of the basic steps in writing I mentioned earlier in the lecture, that is how to choose a topic. Choosing a topic for a research paper is in some ways like choosing a topic for an ordinary essay, but there are some differences. As you think about your topic, ask yourself these questions: Question number one: Do you really want to know more about this topic? This is the initial question you have to ask yourself, because research on any subject will keep you busy for weeks. You certainly do not wish to waste your time on something you have little interest in. You will do it well only if you expect to learn something interesting or important in the process. Question number two: Are you likely to find many sources of information on this topic? You cannot write a research paper without consulting a variety of sources. If only one source or none at all is readily available, you should rethink your topic or choose another. Question number three: Can you cut the topic down to a manageable size? Be reasonable and realistic about what you can do in a short period, say, two to four weeks. If your topic is “The American Revolution”, you’ll scarcely have time to make a list of books on your subject, let alone read and analyze them. So try to find something specific, such as “The Role of Thomas Jefferson in the American Revolution”or “The Franco-American Alliance”. Question number four What questions can you ask about the topic itself? Questions help you get the topic down to a manageable size, discover its possibilities, and find the goal of your research, that is, the specific problem you want to investigate. Suppose you want to write about the issue of financing a college education—a topic not only current, but also directly linked to the lives of most college students and their families. You could ask at least two or three pointed questions: How much does educational opportunity depend on financial status? Is financial aid going to the students who need it most? How much should universities and colleges charge their students? You can ask yourself these questions or more as you start work on the research paper. Okay. To sum up, in today’s lecture, we’ve looked at some of the issues in research paper writing, like the basic steps, types of research paper, and how to choose a topic. In our next lecture, we’ll concentrate on how to identify the audience, how to work out an outline, and how to edit the draft.Writing a Research PaperI. Research Paper and Ordinary EssayA. Similarity in 【T1】______: 【T1】______e.g.—choosing a topic—asking questions —【T2】______ the audience 【T2】______B. Difference mainly in terms of 【T3】______ 【T3】______1. research paper printed sources2. ordinary essay: ideas in one’s【T4】______ 【T4】______II. Types and Characteristics of Research PapersA. Number of basic types: twoB. Characteristics:1. survey-type paper:—to gather 【T5】______ 【T5】______—to 【T6】______ 【T6】______—to 【T7】______ 【T7】______—to paraphraseThe writer should be 【T8】______. 【T8】______2. argumentative (research)paper:a. The writer should do more, e.g.—to 【T9】______ 【T9】______—to question, etc.b. 【T10】______varies with the topic, e.g. 【T10】______—to recommend an action, etc.III. How to Choose a Topic for a Research PaperIn choosing a topic, it is important to 【T11】______. 【T11】______Question No. 1: your 【T12】______ with the topic 【T12】______Question No. 2: 【T13】______ of relevant information on 【T13】______ the chosen topicQuestion No. 3: narrowing the topic down to 【T14】______ 【T14】______Question No. 4: asking questions about 【T15】______ 【T15】______ The questions help us to work our way into the topic and discover its possibilities.1．【T1】正确答案：basic steps解析：原文提到Both kinds of writing involve many of the same basic steps。
专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷280(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷280(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.First of all, let’s talk about what culture is. When we think about culture we first think about a country, and particularly about its food, art, customs, and【T1】______. These are the outward manifestations of a system of values,【T2】______, and deeply rooted beliefs. Culture emerges as a group of people meet and then react to the challenges of life. The responses to those challenges that are successful are taught and shared among members of the group and are passed on from the older to the younger members. Culture is then learned through【T3】______. You can think of culture as having three levels: first, the top level is【T4】______, the artifacts: visible behavior, art, clothing and so on: second, in the middle level are【T5】______. These are invisible rules that cause the artifacts: thirdly, the most powerful dimension of culture is【T6】______. These assumptions lie so deep that they are never questioned, stated or defended.1．【T1】正确答案：patterns of behavior 涉及知识点：听力填空2．【T2】正确答案：assumptions 涉及知识点：听力填空3．【T3】正确答案：experience 涉及知识点：听力填空4．【T4】正确答案：the outward manifestations 涉及知识点：听力填空5．【T5】正确答案：the values 涉及知识点：听力填空6．【T6】正确答案：the implicit cultural assumptions 涉及知识点：听力填空Generally speaking, three types of problems are involved in【T1】______. They are 【T2】______, prejudices, and discrimination. Let me explain each one to you with examples. First, about【T3】______. Walter Lippmann introduced the term in 1922 to refer to 【T4】______ that is used to organise and simplify perceptions of others. Stereotypes are 【T5】______ about some group of people to all people who belong to that category. Examples for stereotyping are such beliefs as: “Women are emotional”, “Politicians are dishonest”, “Germans are cold and too serious”, “【T6】______”. Secondly, about prejudices. Prejudices refer to【T7】______ toward other people that are based on faulty and inflexible stereotypes. Prejudices include irrational feelings of dislike and even hatred for certain groups of people, who are not based on direct experiences and【T8】______ …7．【T1】正确答案：the intercultural communication 涉及知识点：听力填空8．【T2】正确答案：stereotyping 涉及知识点：听力填空9．【T3】正确答案：stereotyping 涉及知识点：听力填空10．【T4】正确答案：a selection process 涉及知识点：听力填空11．【T5】正确答案：a form of generalization 涉及知识点：听力填空12．【T6】正确答案：Latinos are lazy 涉及知识点：听力填空13．【T7】正确答案：negative attitudes 涉及知识点：听力填空14．【T8】正确答案：first-hand knowledge 涉及知识点：听力填空I want you to know that different cultures have different negotiation practices. Negotiation practices differ【T1】______. Some cultures expect clients to negotiate over things that would be totally unacceptable in other countries. Some cultures get upset or angry by things that are totally 【T2】______ in other cultures. Different cultures simply have different approaches when it comes to negotiation. This can be【T3】______ when you travel to a new country to negotiate for business. And even more so if it is your first time. It is important to know what is culturally expected of you when it comes to negotiation. If you are just starting out in【T4】______, it is wise to do some homework and identify【T5】______ in the country you are travelling to. No matter how much research you do prior to your first cross cultural negotiation communication road blocks can easily come up. This is even more likely if your negotiation is taking place in a foreign environment to what you are used to. So it is even more important to【T6】______ to ride through communication hurdles.15．【T1】正确答案：from country to country 涉及知识点：听力填空16．【T2】正确答案：acceptable 涉及知识点：听力填空17．【T3】正确答案：intimidating 涉及知识点：听力填空18．【T4】正确答案：developing your international markets 涉及知识点：听力填空19．【T5】正确答案：the standard expected negotiating habits 涉及知识点：听力填空20．【T6】正确答案：develop skills 涉及知识点：听力填空A high-context culture is a culture in which the context of the message or the action or an event carries a large part of its【T1】______. What this means is that in a high-context culture more attention is paid to what has been【T2】______ than to the message itself. Now let me give you examples. First in terms of personal space, generally speaking, in a high-context culture, because there’s greater dependency on 【T3】______, people lean towards【T4】______ or closeness to people. And they have 【T5】______, for personal space. If you go into that culture, people might stand closer when they’re talking to you. They might touch more and if they’re jostled in a crowd, they won’t feel violated. And also people from a high-context culture pay attention to【T6】______. Because remember what I said, the definition of a high-context culture is that more attention is paid to the context of the message than to the message itself, and part of the context is body language. Second, in terms of time, people in high-context cultures are considered to have what is called a polychrome attitude toward time. Here “poly”means multiple and “chronic”means time. What this means is that they believe【T7】______ have their own time and there can’t be a standard system of time for everything. What this leads them to believe is that you can’t emphasize【T8】______. Things happen when they are supposed to happen. So there’s a different attitude toward time. There is no set standard of time. You can’t control time. Everything has its own sense of time. So it’s a culture that pays little attention to time, to clock time.21．【T1】正确答案：meaning and significance 涉及知识点：听力填空22．【T2】正确答案：in and around the message 涉及知识点：听力填空23．【T3】正确答案：group thinking 涉及知识点：听力填空24．【T4】正确答案：heavier sensory involvement 涉及知识点：听力填空25．【T5】正确答案：less respect for privacy 涉及知识点：听力填空26．【T6】正确答案：body language 涉及知识点：听力填空27．【T7】正确答案：people, things, events 涉及知识点：听力填空28．【T8】正确答案：punctuality 涉及知识点：听力填空。
专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷298(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷298(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of [A] , [B] , [C] and [D] , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.听力原文：W: Hi there, Martin. How are you going with your Australian studies tutorial paper? M: Oh good. I’ve finished it actually. W: Lucky you. What did you do it on? I’m still trying to find an interesting topic.M: Well... after some consideration I decided to look at the history of banana growing in Australia.W:(surprised)Banana growing!M: Yes, banana growing.W:(sarcastically)Fascinating, I’m sure!M: Well... Britney, it’s not as boring as you’d think. And I wanted to tie it into the work I’ve been doing on primary industries and the economy. Anyway I bet there are a few things you didn’t know about bananas!W: Such as?M: Such as the fact that bananas were among the first plants ever to be domesticated.W: Oh, really?M: Yes, they’re an extremely nourishing food.W: I suppose you’re going to tell me the whole history of banana growing now, aren’t you?M: Well, it’d be a good practice run for my tutorial next week I’ll do the same for you some time.W: OK. So where were these bananas first domesticated?M: According to my research, the Cavendish banana, which is a type of banana and the first type to be cultivated here, actually originated in China but they had a fairly roundabout route before they got to Australia.W: You mean they didn’t go straight from China to Australia?M: No, they didn’t. It seems that in 1826, bananas were taken from South China to England.W: I suppose they would have made a welcome addition to the English diet.M: Yes, I’m sure. Well apparently there was an English Duke who was particularly fond of bananas and he used to cultivate them in his hothouse, which is where you have to grow them in England, of course, because of the cool climate and they became quite popular in the UK. So he was the one responsible for cultivating the Cavendish banana which was then introduced into Australia.W: I see. And we’ve been growing them ever since?M: Yes.W: Are they hard to grow?M: Well, yes and no. To grow them in your garden, no, not really. But to grow them commercially you need to know what you’re doing. You see you only get one bunch of bananas per tree and it can take up to three years for a tree to bear fruit if you don’t do anything special to it. But this period is greatly reduced with modern growing methods, particularly in plantations where you have perfect tropical conditions.W: Right! So what are you looking at? One year? Two years?M: No, no,around 15 months in good conditions for a tree to produce a bunch of bananas. And once you’ve got your bunch you cut the bunch and the plant down.1. What does Britney think about the topic of Martin’s research at first?2. Why Martin doesn’t want to tell Britney the whole history of banana growing at the moment?3. What do we learn from Martin’s tutorial paper?4. According to the conversation, why do bananas have to be grown in the hothouse in the UK?5. What can we learn from the conversation?1．A．Fascinating.B．Tedious.C．Interesting.D．Valueless.正确答案：B解析：女士在听到男士说他的论文主题是香蕉史时大为惊讶，并用嘲讽的口吻挖苦男士，男士随后说：不像你想象的那么无趣啦!可推测女士起初认为男士的研究很无趣，选B项。
专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷332(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷332(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now let’s take a look at the first approach, that is, meaning is【T1】______. Does a work of literature mean what the author intended to mean? And if so, how can we tell? If all the evidence we have is the text itself and nothing else, we can only 【T2】______ what ideas the author had according to our understanding of literature and the world. In order to have a better idea of what one particular author means in one of his works, I’d suggest that you do the following. First, go to the library and 【T3】______ by the same author. Second, get to know something about【T4】______ seemed to be common in literary works in that particular tradition and at that time. In other words, we need to find out【T5】______ were in those days. And last, get to know what were【T6】______ and symbols of the time. I guess you can understand the author’s meaning much more clearly after you do the related background research.1．【T1】正确答案：what is intended by the author 涉及知识点：听力填空2．【T2】正确答案：guess 涉及知识点：听力填空3．【T3】正确答案：read other works 涉及知识点：听力填空4．【T4】正确答案：what sort of meanings 涉及知识点：听力填空5．【T5】正确答案：what the literary trends 涉及知识点：听力填空6．【T6】正确答案：the cultural values 涉及知识点：听力填空The term “American dream”is widely used today. But what exactly does this concept mean? The term “American dream” began to be widely used【T1】______. The term was used in a famous novel written by Horatio Alger. The novel, Ragged Dick, was a “【T2】______” story about a little boy who was orphaned and lived in New York. The boy saved all his pennies, worked very hard, and eventually became rich. The novel sent the message to the American public that anyone could【T3】______in America if they were honest, worked hard, and showed 【T4】______. No matter what your background, no matter where you were from, no matter if you had no money or no family, hard work and perseverance would always lead to success. Today, the message from Alger’s novel is still a prevalent one in this country. It is still used to 【T5】______. A very basic definition of the American dream is that it is the hope of the American people to have a better quality of life and【T6】______ than their parents. This can mean that each generation hopes for better jobs, or more financial security, or ownership of land or a home. However, ...7．【T1】正确答案：in 1867 涉及知识点：听力填空8．【T2】正确答案：rags to riches 涉及知识点：听力填空9．【T3】正确答案：succeed 涉及知识点：听力填空10．【T4】正确答案：determination to succeed 涉及知识点：听力填空11．【T5】正确答案：define the American dream 涉及知识点：听力填空12．【T6】正确答案：a higher standard of living 涉及知识点：听力填空At school and at work, I have noticed that people have different kinds of work habits. Some people are collaborators, who like to work【T1】______. They find that doing a project with someone else makes the job more pleasant and the load lighter. Collaborators【T2】______ unless they are forced to. A second category I have noticed is the advice seeker. An advice seeker does the bulk of her work alone, but 【T3】______ for advice. When this worker has reached a crucial point in her project, she may show it to her classmate or co-worker just to get another opinion. Getting the advice of others makes this worker【T4】______ about her project as it takes shape. Another type of worker I have noticed is the slacker. A slacker tries to 【T5】______ whenever possible. If he seems to be busy at the computer, he is probably playing a game online. And if he is writing busily, he is probably making his grocery list. Slackers will do anything except the work they are paid to do. The final type of worker is the loner. This type of worker prefers working alone. This type of worker has confidence in his ability and is likely to feel that collaboration is【T6】______. Loners work with others only when they are forced to. Collaborators, advice seekers, slackers and loners have different work styles. But each knows the work habits that help him or her to get the job done.13．【T1】正确答案：in groups 涉及知识点：听力填空14．【T2】正确答案：never work alone 涉及知识点：听力填空15．【T3】正确答案：frequently looks to others 涉及知识点：听力填空16．【T4】正确答案：feel secure 涉及知识点：听力填空17．【T5】正确答案：avoid work 涉及知识点：听力填空18．【T6】正确答案：a waste of time 涉及知识点：听力填空An ancient Greek philosopher once wrote that laughter is what makes us human—that it defines us as【T1】______. Much more recent developments in biology and【T2】______ suggest that not only humans but also【T3】______ laugh: nonetheless, laughter is one of the most important aspects of human social life and 【T4】______. Laughter starts very soon after【T5】______ —almost as soon as crying—and it serves many different【T6】______ functions, from sharing our joy to intimidating and insulting other people. In many parts of the world, making other people laugh is considered a great gift, and【T7】______ has always been a vital part of culture and art—perhaps precisely because of the complex, significant role of laughter in everyday life.19．【T1】正确答案：a species 涉及知识点：听力填空20．【T2】正确答案：behavioral science 涉及知识点：听力填空21．【T3】正确答案：rats and dolphins 涉及知识点：听力填空22．【T4】正确答案：self-expression 涉及知识点：听力填空23．【T5】正确答案：an infant is born 涉及知识点：听力填空24．【T6】正确答案：social and psychological 涉及知识点：听力填空25．【T7】正确答案：comedy 涉及知识点：听力填空。
专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷262(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷262(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Chinese Americans Good morning. We’ll continue with our introduction to American minorities. Today’s focus is on Chinese Americans. For many years it was common in the United States to associate Chinese Americans with restaurants and laundries. People did not realize that the Chinese had been driven into these occupations by prejudice and discrimination that used to face them in this country. The first group of Chinese came during the California Gold Rush of 1849. (1) Like most of the other people, they had come to search for gold. In that largely unoccupied land, they staked a claim for themselves by placing markers in the ground. However, (2) either because the Chinese were so different from the others or because they worked so patiently that they sometimes succeeded in turning a seemingly worthless mining claim into a profitable one, they became the scapegoats of their envious competitors. They were harassed in many ways. (3) Often they were prevented from working on their claims; some localities even passed regulations forbidding them to own claims. (4) Therefore, these Chinese had to seek out other ways of earning a living. Some of them began to do the laundry for the white miners; others set up small restaurants. Some others went to work as farmhands or as fishermen. In the early 1860s, a second group of Chinese arrived in California. (5) This time, they were imported as work crews to construct the first transcontinental railroad. The work was so strenuous and dangerous, and it was carried on in such a remote part of the country that the railroad company could not find other laborers for the job. As in the case of their predecessors, these Chinese were almost all males and they encountered a great deal of prejudice. (6) The hostility grew especially strong after the railroad project was completed, and the imported laborers returned to California, all out of work. Because there were so many more of them this time, these Chinese drew even more attention than the earlier group did. (7) They were so different in every aspect: in their physical appearance, in their language, and in their religion. They were contemptuously called “heathen Chinese”. When times were hard, they were blamed for working for lower wages and taking jobs away from white men. And these white men were actually recent immigrants themselves. (8) Anti-Chinese riots broke out in many cities, and some even developed into arson andbloodshed. The Chinese were not allowed to make legal appeals and they were not accepted as American citizens. Californians began to demand that no more Chinese be permitted to enter their state. (9) Finally, in 1882, the Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which stopped the immigration of Chinese laborers. Many Chinese returned to their homeland, and their numbers declined sharply in the early part of this century. (10) However, during WWII, when China was an ally of the United States, the exclusion laws were ended. A small number of Chinese were allowed to immigrate each year, and Chinese could become American citizens. (11) In 1965, in a general revision of American immigration laws, many more Chinese were permitted to settle here. From the start, the Chinese had lived apart in their own separate neighborhoods, which came to be known as “Chinatowns “. In each of them the residents organized an unofficial government to make rules for the community and to settle disputes. Many people couldn’t find jods on the outside, so they went into business for themselves, primarily to serve their own neighborhood. As for laundries and restaurants, some of them soon spread in the city, since such services continued to be in demand among non-Chinese too. To this day, certain Chinatowns, especially those of San Francisco and New York, are busy, thriving communities. (12) They have become great attractions for tourists and for those who enjoy Chinese food. (13) Most of today’s Chinese Americans are the descendants of some of the early miners and railroad workers. Those immigrants had been uneducated farm laborers in the vicinity of Canton in Southeast China before they came to America. Even after having lived here for several generations, Chinese Americans retain many aspects of their ancient culture. For example, their family ties continue to be remarkably strong. Members of the family lend each other moral support and also practical help when necessary. From a very young age, children are taught with the old values and attitudes, including respect for their elders and a feeling of responsibility to the family. This helps to explain why there is so little juvenile delinquency among them. (14) The high regard for education, and the willingness to work very hard to gain advancement, are two other noteworthy characteristics of them. These explain why so many descendants of uneducated laborers have succeeded in becoming doctors, lawyers and other professionals. By the way, many of the most outstanding Chinese American scholars, scientists, and artists are more recent arrivals. They come from China’s former upper class and represent its high cultural traditions. Chinese Americans make up only a tiny fraction of the American population. They live chiefly in California, New York, and Hawaii. As American attitudes toward minorities and toward ethnic differences have changed in recent years, the long-hated Chinese have gained wide acceptance. Today, they are generally admired for many remarkable characteristics, and are often held up as an example worth following. (15) And their numerous contributions to their adopted land are much appreciated. Now, we are coming to the end of our lecture. Today we’ve talked about what Chinese Americans have undergone since the California Gold Rush of 1849. Our focus for the next week will be on African Americans. Thank you for your attention.Chinese Americans I . Early immigrationA. the first group of Chinese immigrants—came to【T1】______【T1】______—became the【T2】______ of theirenvious competitors【T2】______—were prevented from working on their【T3】______【T3】______—sought out other ways of【T4】______【T4】______B. the second group of Chinese immigrants—were imported to construct the first【T5】______ railroad【T5】______—aroused strong【T6】______ after the railroad project was 【T6】______completed —were called “heathen Chinese”—reason: differences in appearance, language and【T7】______【T7】______—anti-Chinese【T8】______ broke out in many cities【T8】______—the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed to stop the【T9】______ of【T9】______Chinese laborers Ⅱ. During WWII —China was an 【T10】______ of the United States【T10】______—a general【T11】______ of the immigration laws【T11】______—more Chinese were permitted to settle in America —Chinatowns have become great【T12】______ for tourists【T12】______ Ⅲ. Today’s Chinese Americans —most are the【T13】______ of the early miners and railroad workers【T13】______ —many aspects of their ancient culture have been retained —two other noteworthy characteristics: —the high regard for education —the【T14】______ to work hard to gain advancement【T14】______—numerous【T15】______ are much appreciated【T15】______1．【T1】正确答案：search for gold解析：根据句(1)可知，第一批来到加利福尼亚的华人与其他大多数人一样是为了淘金，故答案为search for gold。
专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷192(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷192(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Four Steps of Learning a Foreign LanguageGood morning, everyone. Today, we are going to talk about an important topic among college students: how to learn a foreign language fast and free. There is one thing that always amazes the new round of college freshman—the fact that the years they spent studying a foreign language in high school was essentially worthless. They learned nothing. What is the point of spending years studying a language if in the end you know the amount of a beginner? There has to be a better way to learn. Luckily, with the Internet and all the resources available, it is very possible to learn a language, quite fluently, for free without traveling to that land.[1]The problem with most formal language class is the insistent mix of conversation, grammar, and vocabulary all mixed together. This method considerably slows a person down. Think of it, for a moment, as someone who is obese, which would work faster: 1)dieting and dropping the fat pounds, then eating larger amounts and exercising to put on muscle, or 2)trying to lose the fat while simultaneously putting on muscle? The first is the better choice, as dieting requires less food and putting on muscle requires more—you need to start somewhere. The same principle applies to learning a foreign language fast—the brain needs a foothold, somewhere to get a strong grip and begin the work. This method I’m going to outline works, and it works weU.[2]/[3]It requires, ideally, one hour minimum of studying per day, a notebook, an Internet connection, and preferably an mp3 player or iPod.[4]The four steps should be followed in order—the steps listed are the way the brain learns best. Trying to do one step before the other will slow the learning process down.Step 1: Alphabet and Pronunciation.[5]The brain, first and foremost wants to be able to pronounce what it sees. Even if you don’t know what the word means, the brain is satisfied if it can pronounce the word. When you first saw a word, what did you think first? The pronunciation or the meaning? The pronunciation.[6]To learn the proper way to pronounce the alphabet and how to transliterate it, if using foreign letters, do a Google search for audio files. You will be able to find these on any language. You can listen to them with computer speakers, or you can download them to an mp3 player.[7]Either way, it is best to listen to them with head-phones on, so you can hear the nuances of the speech.[8]Repeat each sound, and continue to memorize until youhave it all learned. Ideally, this should take you no more than one week.Step 2: V ocabulary.[9]The very next thing that the brain wants is vocabulary—words are the most basic form of communication. It’s the same way with children—drink, potty, and hungry are all basic words that convey a meaning. This is the most basic form of communication.[9]Each language has ap-prox. 2,000 words that are the most used in everyday conversation, and these are the ones you will need to learn. The rest of your vocabulary can be expanded overtime with literature and movies in that language. Try to obtain a list of the most common words in the language you are learning by running a Google search. If you cannot locate one, then obtain a dictionary and pick out all the words you use every day—particles, nouns, verbs, etc. Make flash cards, download a flash card program, or makes flash cards for your mp3 player if it has picture capabilities.[10]Memorize the words thoroughly, until you can say them on command, at anytime, without thinking about it. You should be able to look at a page full of these words and readily understand them without even thinking about it. You should be able to look at an object in a room and says its name with the language you are learning without hesitation. If you can do this, then you are ready to move on.[11]Learning these words should take approx. one month, assuming you work on them diligently and try to learn 50-100 words every day.Step 3: Grammar. Only after you have a good foothold on pronunciation and a large vocabulary should you begin with grammar. It is so much simpler to work at deciphering a text when you understand all the words. This will allow you to pick up on the structure habits and differences in word order and phrases.[12]Search online for a grammar manual, or a collection of lessons.[13]Once you have found one, study all the basics—conjugations, word order, and exceptions to the basic rules. Once you have a grasp of the conjugations possible and the word order, proceed to step 4. Step 3 should take approx one month if studied for an hour or two every day.Step 4: Reading and Listening. The final step is perhaps the most difficult and rewarding. In this step, you will begin to work on your reading level and listening comprehension. This is time-consuming at first, but progresses the level of understanding quickly.[14]Search online for short stories, children’s stories, or novels in the language you are learning. Work at deciphering these. Transcribing them into your language is the best way to learn quickly. A dictionary will be needed for a while, but will help you expand your vocabulary quickly. At the same time, you need to learn the listening comprehension and casual pronunciation. This can also be done online, and this is where an mp3 player or iPod will come in handy. Download podcasts in that language, download movies and television shows in that language, and watch online videos in that language. Most DVDs have multiple languages, also.[15]Try to write down what they are saying. This will force you to pay attention. After a month of listening, you should be able to discern the words easier. Practice pronouncing words like natives.That’s it! After going through each step, simply continue to write novels in that language, and to watch movies in that language, and try to set up video pen pals to speak in that language. With enough practice, I am sure you will be able to speak the language on a higher level in 6 months than you could with 3 years of formal classes.Four Steps of Learning a Foreign LanguageThe efforts spent in high schoollearning a foreign language were almost futile. Fortunately, forfreshmen students, it is possible to learn a foreign language fast without traveling to the destination where that particular language is spoken.I. Problem of Formal Language Class—Insistent mix of conversation, grammar and【T1】_____【T1】______—Analogy: trying to lose weight and then put on muscleII. Requirement for the Method to Be Outlined—Time: at least【T2】_____ of studying per day【T2】______—Materials: a notebook,【T3】_____, and an mp3 player【T3】______III. Four Steps of Learning Language—The order of these four steps should【T4】_____【T4】______Step 1: Alphabet and Pronunciation—In terms of brain reaction, the pronunciation comesbefore the【T5】_____【T5】______—Use【T6】_____ for audio files of alphabet【T6】______—Listen with a headphone to spot the【T7】_____ of the speech【T7】______—Take one week to【T8】_____ yourself with the sounds【T8】______Step 2: V ocabulary —Learn the【T9】_____【T9】______—Get a word list from Google or pick the words from a dictionary—Memorize the words【T10】_____【T10】______—Work on 50-100 words a day for about【T11】_____【T11】______Step 3: Grammar—Search for grammar【T12】_____【T12】______—Study the basics: conjugations,【T13】_____ and【T13】______exceptions to the basic rule—Study for 1 or 2 hours a day for about one month Step 4: Reading and Listening—Search for short stories,【T14】_____ or novels【T14】______—Translate these stories into your own language—Download podcasts, movies, and TV shows and watch on-line videos—【T15】_____ what they are saying【T15】______—Practice pronouncing words like natives1．【T1】正确答案：vocabulary解析：讲座中提到，大多数正式的语言课把会话、语法和词汇混杂在一起。
专八听力预测试题二精编版
星期2 Tuesday预测试题二In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is(are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Section B InterviewIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following is CORRECT?[A] The man is to advertise for his new book.[B] The man specializes in communication.[C] His talk is about communication techniques.[D] His talk is actually an autobiography.2. The man did all the following EXCEPT ______ to better his presentation performance.[A] consulting some relevant books[B] communicating with good speakers[C] observing the preparation of good speakers[D] doing performance comparison with good speakers3. The man recommends the method of ______ to give a better presentation.[A] practicing it before colleagues[B] recording practice presentation rather than using colleagues[C] asking colleagues to examine the recorded practice presentation[D] learning from other real presentation videos4. Which of the following is NOT what speakers tend to worry about when making a presentation?[A] Too much nervousness.[B] Rude audience.[C] Self diffidence.[D] Equipment failure.5. In the man’s view, the way of really overcoming nervousness is[A] preparing well.[B] relaxing face muscles.[C] concentrating on your recent enjoyments.[D] doing breathing exercises.Section C News BroadcastIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Question 6 and 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.6. Which of the following in INCORRECT about the summit on Nuclear Security?[A] It is the biggest international meeting since 1945.[B] More than 50 countries have attended it.[C] It is hosted by the US and called by President Obama.[D] Ukraine has attended the summit.7. The content of the summit is[A] securing stocks of fissile material.[B] highly enriched uranium.[C] plutonium.[D] material terrorists use to build nuclear bombs.Question 8 and 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.8. What is the news mainly talking about?[A] A broken well leading to large oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.[B] The high cost of tackling oil spill.[C] Large number of people and boats being sent to help with the oil spill.[D] The high compensation claims the oil company is facing.9. The initially calculated figure of everyday cost is[A] $33m.[B] more than $33m.[C] more than $6.6m.[D] less than $6.6m.Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.10. Which of the following is NOT true about the explosion?[A] It could be heard from more than 8 km away.[B] It caused a woman injured.[C] The bomb was placed next to the wall housing women prisoners.[D] It exploded 20 minutes after the warning was received.W: Welcome to 'Mid Afternoon,' Dr Carter. [1.A]Now, I imagine you're here in Birmingham to promote your recently published book 'The Art of Giving Presentations', Is that right?M: Well, not really, no! In fact the book isn't really recent at all — it came out at the beginning of last year, I'm actually here this week to give a series of talks outlining some ideas I've had since then.W: So are these ideas the basis for your next book?M: Well, it's really too early to talk about that!W: I see, now tell me, [1.B]how did you become involved in this particular area of communication skills?M: Well, many years ago, as a young sales executive, I had to give presentations, but I felt I wasn't doing them very well. My boss never actually criticized me, and my colleagues weren't doing any better than me, but the point was that I didn't feel satisfied with my performance. You see, if I'm doing something, I have to do it well.W: So you decided to do something about improving your performance.M: That's right. [2.A]I tried to find some books to help me but there weren't really any available in those days... so I eventually decided on a totally practical approach: [2.B] [2.C] [2.D]I tried to find out what my problem was by studying the way the best speakers gave presentations, by talking to them, even watching them prepare. Then I compared their performance with mine. W: And what was your main problem? Nervousness? I know that's mine.M: Well I had always thought it was nervousness, and it's true that at the time I had no techniques for dealing with that. But I think audiences accept the fact that speakers get nervous, and it really doesn't matter. No, I discovered that my No. 1 problem was preparation. Nobody had ever told me anything about how to prepare, and I didn't really know how to do it properly. W: And when you realized that, what did you change?M: Well, before, I used to go through the whole presentation in an empty room on my own. The first change in my approach came when I realized it's much more realistic and much more useful to do it in front of two or three colleagues.That way you get some feedback. Otherwise you have no idea whether or not your presentation is effective, or which parts might need further attention.W: Is that the method you recommend now?M: Well, not quite. What I would advise is to make a video of your practice presentation...W: Instead of using colleagues?M: No, [3.C]a recording of your presentation to them. Then it's easier for all of you to go back and see what's wrong and how it can be improved. It's actually much better than recording other people doing real presentations, however good they are.W: So that's the preparation, but are there any factors which make the presentation itself difficult, even if you are prepared?M: Well obviously, yes. [4.B]Some speakers imagine, quite wrongly, that every audience is unfriendly, at least at the beginning. And this affects their performance. [4.C]And then there may be a few people who worry about their lack of experience of public speaking. [4.D]But really what bothers most speakers is things like the OHP and the microphone - are they going to work, and so on.W: Are there any techniques that are effective for overcoming feelings of anxiety?M: Well, first I have to say that some people never manage to reduce their anxiety levels. What they can do is learn to relax their face muscles while they speak, so that they look relaxed, even though they feel just as anxious as before. In order to really reduce anxiety, some experts recommend concentrating on something that you enjoyed recently —but I find this is hopeless... I just forget what I was about to say! [5.D]For me though, what has worked is some simple breathing exercises, breathing in deeply and slowly while making a pause. This definitely slows down the heart rate. That's what I would try first of all.W: Something we can all try — Dr Carter, thank you very much indeed.Section C News BroadcastNews Item 1News Item 2。
英语专八听力模拟试题
英语专八听力模拟试题英语专八听力模拟试题学习要有三心，一信心，二决心，三恒心。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专八听力模拟试题，希望能给大家带来帮助!1. Whatis special about Mr. Phelps's degree?A. It integrates an assortment ofcourses.B. R includes Economics in the curriculum.C. Courses are taught individually.D. Students learn in separate booths.2. Whichof the following does Mr. Phelps consider the LEAST when applying for thevacan-cy?A. The reputation of the bank.B. Goodtraining opportunities.C. Room for long-term career growth.D. Immediate wages and bonuses.3. Whatis Orientation Camp mainly about?A. Having fun around a campfire in open air.B. Helping freshmen adapt to college life.C. Welcoming newcomers at the school gate.D. Offering optional courses free of charge.4.According to Mr. Phelps, being a good manager means all the following EXCEPTA. putting his ideas across to others.B.solving thorny problems.C. explaining solutions to others.D. planning ahead of colleagues.5. Whenencouraged to ask the interviewer a question, Mr. Phelps shows interest inopportunities toA. work elsewhere in Asia.B.receive training in Europe.C. rise to managerial position.D. make independent decisions.6. Whatmade it hard for the rescue teams to approach the earthquake zone7A. The quake's destruction to roads.B. Thecollapse of the buildings.C. The torrential rain at night.D. The loss of electrical power.7. Howmany people recognized the man in the pictures within 2 days7A. 24.B.3.C. 640.D. 48.8. Whichone is NOT included in the clue that helped the police identify the man?A. His picture.B. His apartment number.C. His pseudonym.D. His vita.9. Whatis the main idea of the news item?A. The Citigroup has been worst hit by theinternational credit crisis.B. The Citigroup has already started toreduce the size of its business.C. The Citigroup has encountered greatlosses in the credit crisis.D. The Citigroup has decided to takemeasures to deal with great losses.10. Thepolice locked their suspicion on Vlado Tanesld when they found thatA. his reports covered the confidentialinformation.B. the three murder cases all involvedelderly women.C. all the victims had some similaritieswith his late mother.D. he was responsible for the disappearanceof a women.1.2.3.。
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【关键字】专八、听力In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is(are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notesIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following is CORRECT?[A] The man is to advertise for his new book.[B] The man specializes in communication.[C] His talk is about communication techniques.[D] His talk is actually an autobiography.2. The man did all the following EXCEPT ______ to better his presentation performance.[A] consulting some relevant books[B] communicating with good speakers[C] observing the preparation of good speakers[D] doing performance comparison with good speakers3. The man recommends the method of ______ to give a better presentation.[A] practicing it before colleagues[B] recording practice presentation rather than using colleagues[C] asking colleagues to examine the recorded practice presentation[D] learning from other real presentation videos4. Which of the following is NOT what speakers tend to worry about when making a presentation?[A] Too much nervousness.[B] Rude audience.[C] Self diffidence.[D] Equipment failure.5. In the man’s view, the way of really overcoming nervousness is[A] preparing well.[B] relaxing face muscles.[C] concentrating on your recent enjoyments.[D] doing breathing exercises.Section C News BroadcastIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Question 6 and 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.6. Which of the following in INCORRECT about the summit on Nuclear Security?[A] It is the biggest international meeting since 1945.[B] More than 50 countries have attended it.[C] It is hosted by the US and called by President Obama.[D] Ukraine has attended the summit.7. The content of the summit is[A] securing stocks of fissile material.[B] highly enriched uranium.[C] plutonium.[D] material terrorists use to build nuclear bombs.Question 8 and 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.8. What is the news mainly talking about?[A] A broken well leading to large oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.[B] The high cost of tackling oil spill.[C] Large number of people and boats being sent to help with the oil spill.[D] The high compensation claims the oil company is facing.9. The initially calculated figure of everyday cost is[A] $33m.[B] more than $33m.[C] more than $6.6m.[D] less than $6.6m.Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.10. Which of the following is NOT true about the explosion?[A] It could be heard from more than 8 km away.[B] It caused a woman injured.[C] The bomb was placed next to the wall housing women prisoners.【听力原文】W: Welcome to 'Mid Afternoon,' Dr Carter. [1.A]Now, I imagine you're here in Birmingham to promote your recently published book 'The Art of Giving Presentations', Is that right?M: Well, not really, no! In fact the book isn't really recent at all — it came out at the beginning of last year, I'm actually here this week to give a series of talks outlining some ideas I've had since then.W: So are these ideas the basis for your next book?M: Well, it's really too early to talk about that!W: I see, now tell me, [1.B]how did you become involved in this particular area of communication skills?M: Well, many years ago, as a young sales executive, I had to give presentations, but I felt I wasn't doing them very well. My boss never actually criticized me, and my colleagues weren't doing any better than me, but the point was that I didn't feel satisfied with my performance. You see, if I'm doing something, I have to do it well.W: So you decided to do something about improving your performance.M: That's right. [2.A]I tried to find some books to help me but there weren't really any available in those days... so I eventually decided on a totally practical approach: [2.B] [2.C] [2.D]I tried to find out what my problem was by studying the way the best speakers gave presentations, by talking to them, even watching them prepare. Then I compared their performance with mine. W: And what was your main problem? Nervousness? I know that's mine.M: Well I had always thought it was nervousness, and it's true that at the time I had no techniques for dealing with that. But I think audiences accept the fact that speakers get nervous, and it really doesn't matter. No, I discovered that my No. 1 problem was preparation. Nobody had ever told me anything about how to prepare, and I didn't really know how to do it properly. W: And when you realized that, what did you change?M: Well, before, I used to go through the whole presentation in an empty room on my own. The first change in my approach came when I realized it's much more realistic and much more useful to do it in front of two or three colleagues.That way you get some feedback. Otherwise you have no idea whether or not your presentation is effective, or which parts might need further attention.W: Is that the method you recommend now?M: Well, not quite. What I would advise is to make a video of your practice presentation...W: Instead of using colleagues?M: No, [3.C]a recording of your presentation to them. Then it's easier for all of you to go back and see what's wrong and how it can be improved. It's actually much better than recording other people doing real presentations, however good they are.W: So that's the preparation, but are there any factors which make the presentation itself difficult, even if you are prepared?M: Well obviously, yes. [4.B]Some speakers imagine, quite wrongly, that every audience is unfriendly, at least at the beginning. And this affects their performance. [4.C]And then there may be a few people who worry about their lack of experience of public speaking. [4.D]But really what bothers most speakers is things like the OHP and the microphone - are they going to work, and so on.W: Are there any techniques that are effective for overcoming feelings of anxiety?M: Well, first I have to say that some people never manage to reduce their anxiety levels. What they can do is learn to relax their face muscles while they speak, so that they look relaxed, even though they feel just as anxious as before. In order to really reduce anxiety, some expertsrecommend concentrating on something that you enjoyed recently —but I find this is hopeless... I just forget what I was about to say! [5.D]For me though, what has worked is some simple breathing exercises, breathing in deeply and slowly while making a pause. This definitely slows down the heart rate. That's what I would try first of all.W: Something we can all try — Dr Carter, thank you very much indeed.【答案解析】。