(完整版)独立主格结构讲解及练习
(完整word)高中英语语法-独立主格讲解与练习.doc
独立主格结构一、概念“独立主格构” 就是由一个相当于主的名或代加上非、形容(副)或介短构成的一种独立成分。
构不是句子,也不是从句,所以它内部的不能考其、人称和数的化,它与主句之不能通并列接,也不能由从句阴道引,通常用逗号与主句隔开。
独立主格构在很多情况下可以化相的状从句或者其他状形式,但很多候不能化分形式,因它内部的主与主句主不一致。
二、独立主格的特点特点独立主格构的主主句的主不一致,她独立存在。
独立主格构一般置于句首,有置于句中或句尾,用逗号将与主句其隔开独立主格构中的 being 和having been 常可以省略。
大多数独立主格构可以用“with++” 构代替。
独立主格有其特殊的使用合,多用于面,尤其是描述性言中,口中不常使用。
示例Leaves falling here and there, I suddenly notice autumn is drawing upon.叶到,我一下注意到已是深秋了。
(独立主格的主是leaves,主句是 I) Time permitting, the restoration work could be done better.允的,回复工作可以做得更好。
(独立主格的主是Time,主句是 the restoration work)The plan successfully carried out, everything worked out perfectly.划成功地完成了,一切展利。
A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, othersto adjust his girdle, and so on.多官跟在皇帝后面,有的拎着皇帝的袍,其他的他整理要等。
All the windows (being) open, the air in the room is fresher.所有的窗开着,屋子里的空气更新了。
独立主格结构剖析整理附练习
C.-ed形式“独立主格结构”
• 与逻辑主语+动词的-ing形式一样,如果 ed形式的 逻辑主语是句子主语,则不需在ed形式之前加上 逻辑主语。如果不一致的话,就需要保留逻辑主 语用-ed形式的独立主格结构。 • Written in simple English, the book is quite easy. • The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.该书是用简单英语写 的,英语初学者也能看懂。( = As the book was written in simple English,English beginners were able它的逻辑主语应该 是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自 己的主语,从而在结构上与主语不发生关 系,我们称之为独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)。其实,所谓“独立主格结构” 也并非真正独立,它还是一种从属的结构。
独立主格的语法结构分类
• • • 一、 非谓语动词独立主格结构 二、 无动词独立主格结构 三、 with/without 引导的独立主格结构
B.逻辑主语+形容词
• He turned to me, his eyes sleepy. 他睡眼惺忪 地转向我。(his eyes和sleepy之间省去了 being) • = He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy. • He stood there, his mouth wide open. 他站 在那里,嘴张得大大的。(his mouth和 wide open之间省去了being)= He stood there, and his mouth was wide open.
独立主格结构讲解及练习含答案
独立主格结构讲解及练习含答案语法重点:独立主格结构。
1. 原文再现。
This silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.2. 独立主格结构定义。
独立主格结构(Independent Genitive)由两部分组成,前一部份是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。
前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系,非谓语动词主动用现在分词,被动用过去分词。
独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语。
独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
3. 独立主格结构用法。
A.用作时间状语The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后,我们就回家了。
B. 用作条件状语Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话,他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
C. 用作原因状语An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲,教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
D. 用作伴随状语He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上,将两手交叉枕在脑后。
英语语法独立主格结构讲解及习题
D days’ 3._____, I had to ask for two days leave.
A.Mother being ill B.Bother ill C.As mother was ill the night. A.The exam near B.The exam being near C.As the exam is near D. A,B and C D. A,B and C
• •
4) 表示伴随情况 ) Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体,而银则是 最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors,and silver is the best of all.) • 5) 表示补充说明 ) • We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力,一个人干两个人的活。 • *注:独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时,相 独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时,
独立主格结构 常见类型及其用法
• 独立主格的概念
我们称动作状态实行者为逻辑主语,称该 状态为逻辑谓语,在中文翻译上与状语从句没 什么区别。 • 是由名词或代词 代词作为逻辑主 “独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主 语,加上分词 分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或 语,加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或 介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式 上与主句没有关系,通常称为“独立主格结构” 上与主句没有关系,通常称为“独立主格结构”。 •
3、条件状语 、 独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由if引 独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由 引 导的条件状语从句。 导的条件状语从句。如: D 1).________, we'll go to visit the Great Wall. A.Weather permitting B.If weather permits C.If permitting D.A and B 2.)_____, the patient will recover himself soon. D A.If the treatment is in time B.The treatment in time C.The treatment being in time D.A,B and C
高中英语 独立主格结构精讲(配套练习和答案)
独立主格结构“独立主格结构”(absolute construction)又叫“独立结构”。
由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语,结构上与主句不发生关系,因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。
独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾,用逗号和主句隔开。
(一)独立主格结构形式独立主格结构可以分为两部分,形式为:基本形式是:名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。
1.名词/代词+ 现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。
例:The man lay there, his hands trembling.So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.注:“独立结构”中的being或having been 有时可以省去,形成一种名词或代词+名词、形容词、副词、介词短语的结构形式。
2.名词/代词+过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。
例:The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.3.名词/代词+不定式不定式表示的是将来的动作。
These are the first two books, the third one to come out next month.We shall get together at 7:30, the procession(游行)to start moving at 8 sharp.4. 名词/代词+名词名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。
例:Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.He fought the tiger,a stick his only weapon.5.名词/代词+形容词短语形容词(短语)说明前面名词或代词的性质,状态,原因等。
高考独立主格讲解及练习
高考独立主格讲解及练习高中英语语法讲义-------独立主格结构一、概述独立主格结构又叫独立结构(absolute construction),由名词/主格代词+ 现在分词(或过去分词、不定式、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语)构成。
在语法上是一个独立的短语,不是句子,在意思上依附于整个句子。
具有以下特点:(1)在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况。
(2)可置于句首,也可放在句尾。
(3)主要用于书面语。
(4)它的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同,不指同一人或同一物。
(5)be动词在独立主格结构中一般转化为being。
二、独立主格结构的构成1.名词或主格代词+名词在这种结构中,独立主格结构中的名词与前面的名词或代词之间在逻辑上有主系表关系,在句子中主要作伴随、原因等状语或作进一步说明。
此结构也可写成:名词或代词+being +名词,其中being 是非谓语(系)动词,往往省略,但being的逻辑主语是人称代词时,being不能省略。
名词的逻辑主语为人称代词时,应用主格形式。
①He fought against the thief, a stick (being) his only weapon (= and a stick was his only weapon).他和这个贼打斗,一根棍子是他唯一的武器。
② He has translated the whole book into English, an English-Chinese dictionary (being) his tool.(=and an English-Chinese dictionary was his tool.)用一本英汉字典作工具,他把整本书翻译成了英语。
③It being Sunday (=As it was Sunday), I didn’t go to school.(句中的being不能省略)因为是星期天,我没有上课。
独立主格结构(精讲精练 翻译练习)
独立主格结构●独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构,可以理解为一个在句中作状语的短语,用于修饰整个句子。
其位置灵活,可位于句前或句末,常由逗号将其与句子分开。
需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
●独立主格结构具有两个特点:独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在;独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。
●独立主格结构类型:● 1.名词/代词+非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词)● 2.名词/代词+(being)+表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语)1.名词/代词+现在分词(doing)Winter coming,it gets colder and colder.=The winter comes,and it gets colder and colder.Time permitting,I will go with you.The girl looking at him,he didn’t know what to say.There being no bus,we had to walk home.2.名词/代词+过去分词He was listening carefully,his eyes fixed on the blackboard.The work done,he went back home.=After the work was done,he went back home.More time given,we can finish the work.=If more time is given to us,we can finish the work.3.名词/代词+动词不定式(由不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的动作或状态)His friends to come tonight,he is busy preparing the dinner.No one to wake me up,I might be late for the first class.Many trees to be planted,our school will look even more beautiful.4.名词/代词+形容词He came into the room,his face red with cold.She went to party,her clothes beautiful.5.名词/代词+副词The meeting over,our headmaster soon left the meeting room.The lights off,we could not go on with the work.6.名词/代词+名词His first shot failure,he fired again.他第一枪没打中,又开了一枪A lot of people all over the world are fans of the smartphone,many of them Chinese.全世界很多人都是这款智能手机的粉丝,其中许多都是中国人。
独立主格结构例题及解析
独立主格结构例题及解析
独立主格结构是英语语法中的一种特殊结构,它由一个名词或
代词作为主语,后面跟着一个动词或介词短语,这个结构在句子中
独立存在,不与其他成分构成句子的主谓关系。
以下是一个独立主格结构的例题及解析:
例题,天气晴朗,阳光明媚,我心情愉快地散步回家。
解析,在这个句子中,独立主格结构是"天气晴朗,阳光明媚",它由两个名词短语组成,分别是"天气晴朗"和"阳光明媚"。
这个独
立主格结构在句子中起到补充说明的作用,与主句的主语"我"没有
直接的主谓关系。
它通过逗号与主句分隔开来,突出了天气的好和
阳光的明媚,进一步描述了主句中的主人公心情愉快地散步回家。
这个例题中的独立主格结构增加了句子的表达力,使句子更加
生动。
它可以用来描写环境、情感、心情等,起到修辞和补充说明
的作用。
需要注意的是,独立主格结构通常用逗号与主句隔开,同
时也可以在句子的开头或结尾出现。
希望以上解析能够帮助你理解独立主格结构。
如果你还有其他问题,请随时提出。
独立主格结构讲解及练习含答案(可编辑修改word版)
语法重点:独立主格结构。
1.原文再现。
This silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.2.独立主格结构定义。
独立主格结构(Independent Genitive)由两部分组成,前一部份是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词) 或形容词、副词、或介词短语。
前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系,非谓语动词主动用现在分词,被动用过去分词。
独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语。
独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
3.独立主格结构用法。
A.用作时间状语The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后,我们就回家了。
B.用作条件状语Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话,他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
C.用作原因状语An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲,教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
D.用作伴随状语He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上,将两手交叉枕在脑后。
(完整版)独立主格结构讲解及练习
(完整版)独立主格结构讲解及练习独立主格结构的用法一、独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构(Absolute Structure)是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。
在句中作状语,相当于一个状语从句。
需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词(代词)+现在分词;过去分词;形容词;副词;不定式;名词;介词短语)1. 名词(代词)+现在分词例句:The storm drawing nea,the navvy decided to call it a dayThe storm draw ing n ear在句中作:原因状语=Since the storm was drawing nea,the navvy decided to call it a day由于暴风雨即将来临,那个挖土小工决定收工。
(call it a day今天到此为止)例句:Win ter comin g, it gets colder and colder.Win ter comi ng 在句中作:伴随状语=The win ter comes, and it gets colder and colder.冬天来了,天气越来越冷了。
造句:时间允许的话,我就和你一起走。
Time permitt in g, I will go with you. 独立主格作:条件状语=改写:ftime permits, I will go with you.造句:那个姑娘望着他,他不知道说什么好。
The girl stari ng at him, he did n 'k now what to say.独立主格作:时间状语=改写:As the girl stared at him, he did n 'tk now what to say.2. 名词(代词)+过去分词例句:He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。
独立主格结构完美总结(附习题)[5篇材料]
独立主格结构完美总结(附习题)[5篇材料]第一篇:独立主格结构完美总结(附习题)温新堂个性化VIP一对一教学独立主格结构的用法说明与注意点一、有关独立主格结构的基本概念独立主格结构是一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语),加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。
它有以下三个特点:1.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2.名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
3.独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开,但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构的常见形式独立主格类型1:名词(代词)+现在分词The question being settled, we went home.问题解决之后,我们就回家了。
We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting.明天假设天气好,我们就进行比赛。
The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off.班长病了,我们最好还是延期开会吧。
独立主格类型2:名词(代词)+过去分词The job finished, we went home.工作结束后我们就回家了。
The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.最后一班公车已经走了,我们必须走路回家。
More time given, we should have done the job much better.如果给我们更多的时间,我们会把工作做得更好。
独立主格类型3:名词(代词)+不定式Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week.如果明天没有人来,我们将把会议推迟到下周。
So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.有如此多的人来帮助他,他一定会成功的。
独立主格结构及精选习题
独立主格结构及精选习题独立主格结构(一)定义:不定式或分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。
但有时它也可以有自己的独立的逻辑主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构。
(二)构成:1. 名词(代词)+ 不定式、现在分词或过去分词Weather permitting, we'll go sightseeing.= If weather permits, ...作条件状语天气允许的话,我们要去观光。
Homework finished, the boy went out to play football.=When homework was finished,...作时间状语作业做完了,男孩出去玩足球。
The exam to be held tomorrow, I can't go to the cinema tonight.明天要考试,我今晚不能去看电影。
2. 名词(代词)+(being )+表语(名词、形容词、副词或介词短语)It (being) Sunday, we went climbing.= As it was Sunday, ...作原因状语由于是星期天,我们去爬山。
Tod looked at the million-pound note, his eyes (being) wide open.托德眼睛睁得大大的看着百万钞票。
Summer vacations (being) over, students returned to school.暑假结束了,学生们返回学校。
3. with + 名词(代词)+宾补,宾补可用现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语。
此句型又称with复合结构。
a. They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights burning.他们点着灯假装整晚都在努力工作。
英语语法独立主格结构讲解及习题
3. 名词/主格代词+不定式(表示将要发生的动作) 名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主动关系,且强调的 是一次具体性的动作。 如: He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件,他要做一个飞机模型。 They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后,一个回了家, 一个去了书店。 4.名词/主格代词+形容词(常用来说明名词或代词的 性质,特征或所处的状态) 如: An air accident happened to the plane,nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难,无一人生还。
5. 名词/主格代词+副词(常用来说明名词或代词 的性质,特征或所处的状态) 如:He put on his sweater ,wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。 The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束,他们就都回家了。 6. 名词/主格代词+介词短语(常用来说明名词或 代词的性质,特征或所处的状态) 如:The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。 7. 名词/主格代词+名词 His first shot failure,he fired again.
finished 1. The test __________(finish) , we began our holiday. was finished 2. When the test __________(finish), we began our holiday 3. Weather _________(permit) , we are going to permitting visit you tomorrow. 4. Therebeing _______(be)no taxis, we had to walk. was 5.Because there _______ (be) no taxis, we had to walk.
英语语法独立主格结构讲解及习题
was given
B 3)______, the text became easier for us to learn. A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words A 4)____, the text became easier for us to learn. A.When new words were explained B.Explaining new words C.New words explaining D.Being explained new words
独立主格结构
1. 来源
分词作状语在句中都有逻辑主语:
Standing in the front of the classroom,I feel nervous. Criticized by the teacher , I feel depressed. 但有时它们在句中找不到自己的逻辑主语 Standing in the front of the classroom,my legs are shaking.( 错 )
1.sb/sth. + impress sb (with sth) 2. sb + be deeply impressed with/ by + sb/sth 3. sb/ sth + impress on + sb+ sth 4. sth /sb+ impress + sth. on one's memory 5. It + impress sb that-
measure a) v. 1)~ sb/sth (for sth) 测量, 度量 A ship’s speed is measured in knots. 船速以 节 测量。 He has gone to be measured for a new suit. 他去量尺寸做新衣服去了。 2)判定,估量 It’s difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage. 在现阶段还难以估量这场运动的成败。 3)(指尺寸,长短,数量等)量度为(无被动 语态和进行时态) The pond measures about 2 meters across.
独立主格结构讲解及题目
独立主格结构1一、独立主格结构的概念及基本构成形式独立主格结构(the absolute structure)是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子,而不是一个词或词组。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,独立主格结构的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。
需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
例如:1)Night enshrouding the earth,nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.(黑夜笼罩大地,谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
)2)He lay at full length upon his stomach,his head resting upon his left forearm.(他的脊背朝天,四肢伸展,头枕着左臂,直挺挺地趴伏着。
)3)The coward was backing,his face being deathly pale,toward another room.(那个胆小鬼向另一个房间退去,脸色煞白。
)独立主格结构多用于书面语,尤其是描述性语言中,在口语和非正式文体中,一般用从句或两个句子来代替。
例如,上述例句可变为:1)Because night enshrouded the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.2)He lay at full length upon his stomach.His head rested upon his left forearm.3)The coward was backing toward another room.His face was deathly pale.二、独立主格结构的特殊构成形式独立主格结构除上述基本构成形式,即名词/代词+分词(短语)外,还有如下特殊构成形式。
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独立主格结构的用法一、独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构(Absolute Structure)是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。
在句中作状语,相当于一个状语从句。
需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词(代词)+现在分词;过去分词;形容词;副词;不定式;名词;介词短语)1. 名词(代词)+现在分词例句:The storm drawing near,the navvy decided to call it a day.The storm drawing near在句中作:原因状语=Since the storm was drawing near,the navvy decided to call it a day.由于暴风雨即将来临,那个挖土小工决定收工。
(call it a day 今天到此为止)例句:Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.Winter coming在句中作:伴随状语= The winter comes, and it gets colder and colder.冬天来了,天气越来越冷了。
造句:时间允许的话,我就和你一起走。
Time permitting, I will go with you. 独立主格作:条件状语=改写:If time permits, I will go with you.造句:那个姑娘望着他,他不知道说什么好。
The girl staring at him, he didn’t know what to say.独立主格作:时间状语=改写:As the girl stared at him, he didn’t know what to say.2. 名词(代词)+过去分词例句:He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。
例句:The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。
造句:工作完成后,他回家了。
The work done, he went back home.= When the work was done, he went back home.3. 名词(代词)+不定式在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,动词不定式则用主动的形式;如果是动宾关系,则用被动形式。
例句:The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工干,每人翻译全书的四分之一。
例句:Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our school will look even more beautiful.种上许多的树、花和草后,我们新建的学校看上去将更美。
造句:还有很多作业要做,我不能和你走。
A lot of home work to do, I can’t go with you.4. 名词(代词)+形容词Computers very small, we can use them widely.电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们。
he stood silent in the noon sunlight, its door open.5. 名词(代词)+副词The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室。
灯熄了,我们不能继续工作了。
造句:The lights off, we could not go on with the work.6. 名词(代词)+名词His first shot failure,he fired again.他第一枪没击中,又打了一枪。
Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.两百人死于事故,其中有许多儿童。
7. 名词(代词) +介词短语The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand.那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
三、with,without 引导的独立主格结构with ( without)+宾语(名词/代词)+宾语补足语,宾语通常由名词或代词充当,但代词一定要用宾格。
上文的独立主格结构的几种情况都适用于此结构。
The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.小女孩把盒子藏了起来,没有人知道它在哪里。
(without +名词/代词+动词的-ing形式)Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。
(without+名词/代词+动词的-ed形式)The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.有这么多的名胜可参观,小孩很激动。
(with+名词/代词+动词不定式) The boy was walking, with his father ahead.父亲在前,小孩在后走着。
(with+名词/代词+副词)He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door, computer in hand.他站在门口,手里拿着一部电脑。
(with+名词/代词+介词短语)With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy.由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。
(with+名词/代词+形容词)在with (without) 的复合结构中,多数情况下with 能省略,但without 不能省略。
造句:老师走进教室,胳膊下面夹了一本书。
The teacher walked into the classroom, with a book under his arm.造句:老师坐在椅子上,周围一群学生围着他。
The teacher is sitting in the chair, with a group of students around him造句:工作完成了,他回家了。
With the work done, he went back home.造句:由那个男孩带路,我们很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。
With the boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.四、独立主格结构的句法功能独立主格结构在句中一般作状语,表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等,还可以作定语。
1. 作时间状语My shoes removed,I entered a low-ceilinged room,treading cautiously on the soft tatami matting.我脱掉鞋子后,走进一间屋顶很低的房间,小心翼翼地踩在柔软的塌塌米垫子上。
The governor pondering the matter,more strikers gathered across his path.总督思考问题时,更多的罢工工人聚集在他要通过的路上。
2. 作条件状语Weather permitting,they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话,他们将在明天组织一次海滨郊游。
Such being the case,you have no grounds for dismissing him.如果情况如此的话,你没有理由解聘他。
3. 作原因状语The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.由那个男孩带路,我们很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。
There being no further business to discuss, we all went home.没有别的事可讨论,我们都回家了。
4. 作伴随状语或补充说明I took my ticket,and marched proudly up the platform,with my cheeses,the people falling back respectfully on either side.我拿着车票还有我的奶酪,雄赳赳气昂昂地跨步走向月台。
人们似乎很尊敬我,纷纷向两边退去。
Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛,年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。
比较:动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生,动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束,动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。
The manager looks worried,many things to settle. 经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。
(事情还没有处理,而且是由经理本人来处理,用不定式to settle)The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 许多事情已经处理好了,经理看上去很轻松。
(事情已经处理好了,用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束)The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 小孩一边做饭,一边看电视。
(两个动作同时进行)The food cooked, the boy went to bed. 饭做好了,小孩去睡了。
(两个动作有先后,饭已做好,小孩才去睡觉的)五、独立主格结构的特殊用法1、有些分词短语可以独立存在,在句子中没有逻辑上的主语,实际上已经变成了习惯用法。