科技英语翻译

五、科技英语翻译技巧---增词 科技英语翻译技巧 增词
• 英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，翻译 时要在词量上加以增减。所谓增词译法，就是 在原文的基础上添加必要的单词、词组、分句 或完整句，这当然不是无中生有地随意增词， 而是增加原文中虽无其词但有其意的一些词， 从而使得译文在语法、语言形式上符合译文习 惯并在文化背景、词语联想方面与原文一致起 来，使得译文与原文在内容和形式等方面对等 起来。
随着现代化电气工程的发展，人们可以把电力输送到任 何所需要的地方。 (3)The design is considered practical． 大家认为这一设计切实可行。 (4) It may be supposed that originally the earth’s land surface was composed of rock only． 我们可以设想地球陆地表面原先完全是由岩石构成的。 (5)It is estimated that the new combination of computers and Net technology will have significant influence on the industry of the future． 有人预测，新的电脑和网络技术的结合将会对未来工业 产生巨大的影响。
(3)High voltage is necessary for long transmission line while low voltage for safe use． 远距离输电需要高压，安全用电需要低压。 (4)High temperatures and pressures changed the organic materials into coal,petroleum and natural gas． 高温和高压把这些有机物变成了煤、石油和天 然气。 (5)Matter can be changed into energy and energy into matter． 物质可以转化为能，能也可以转化为物质。
(3)The high-altitude plane was and still is a remarkable bird 高空飞机过去是而且现在仍然还是一种了不起 的飞行器。 (4) The earth’population is doubling，the environment is being damaged． 地球的人口正在加倍增长，环境也在Biblioteka Baidu断受到 破坏。 (5)Some day man will be able to utilize the solar energy． 总有一天，人类将能利用太阳能。
4.4增加原文中省略的词语
英语句子的某些成分如果已在前面出现，有 时则往往省略，但汉译时，一般需要将其补出。 例如： (1)You have seen how water expands when it is heated and contracts when it is cooled． 你已经看到水受热时怎样膨胀，冷却时又怎样 收缩。 (2)The changes in matter around us are of two types，physical and chemical． 我们周围的物质变化有两种，物理变化与化学 变化。 •
5．1增加表示名词复数概念的词语
翻译时，有时为了明确原文的含义，需要通 过增译“们”、“一些”、“许多”等词语把 英语中表示名词复数的概念译出。例如： （1）Of visible lights，red light has the longest and violet the shortest wavelength． 在各种可见光中，红光的波长最长，紫光的波 长最短。 （3）When the plants died and decayed，they formed layers of organic materials． 植物腐烂后，形成了一层层有机物。 •
4.3增加表示句子主语的词语
• 当被动句中的谓语是表示“知道”、“了解”、 “看见”、“认为”、“发现”、“考虑”等意 思的动词时，通常可在其前增加“人们”、“我 们”、“有人”等词语，译成汉语的主动句。例 如： (1)Weak magnetic fields are known to come from the human body。 我们知道，人体能产生微弱的磁场。 (2)With the development of modern electrical engineering，power can be transmitted to wherever it is needed．
4.2增加表示时态的词语
• 汉语的动词没有表示时态的词形变化和相应的助 动词，因此翻译时应增译相应的时间副词或助词， 用来表示不同的时态。例如： (1)Contemporary natural science are now working for new important breakthroughs． 当代自然科学正在酝酿着新的重大突破。 (2)Humans have been dreaming of copies of themselves for thousands of years． 千百年来，人类一直梦想制造出自己的复制品。
Practice
1. The substances get into the soil, into plants and into human bodies． 2. Air is a mixture of gases． 3. This company has been manufacturing computers for five years . 4. The computer is smaller in volume than what was made several years ago 5. It is said that numerical control (数控)is the operation of machine tools（机床） by numbers．
（4）In the 1980s，departments bought their own minicomputers and managers bought their PCs． 20世纪80年代，许多部门都购买了自己的微机， 经理们也购买个人电脑。 (5)Things in the universe are changing with the time． 宇宙中万物总是在不断变化的。
(4)In the US，there is evidence that schoolchildren with access to the Internet are starting to watch less TV and spend more time surfing the Net. 在美国，有证据表明接触因特网的在校学生看电 视看得少了，在网上冲浪的时间增加了。 (5) These apes are confined to fast-vanishing tropical rain,forest or woodland habitats． 这些类人猿的生活局限于正在迅速消失的热带雨 林或森林栖息地中。
4.5增加具体化、明确化的词语
(1)Were there no electric pressure in a conductor， the electron flow would not take place in it． 导体内如果没有电压，便不会产生电子流动现象。 (2)The world now buys almost as many PCs as color TVs． 现在全球的个人计算机购买量与彩电的购买量不 相上下。 (3)This is the first step toward the solution of air pollution． 这是解决空气污染问题的第一步。
6. Plastic bowls marked microwavable （贴有“可用于 微波炉烹调”标志的）are probably safer than those that aren’t． 7. Carbon steels（碳钢） are classified（分为） as low， medium，and high carbon steels． 8. Floppy disks (软盘)have always been cheap to make and relatively easy to copy． copy 9. Were there no gravity，there would be no air around the earth． 10. The choice of material in construction of bridges is basically between steel and concrete(混凝土), and main trouble with concrete is that its tensile strength (抗拉强度)is very small .