生物统计学 方差分析 新
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(1)One-factor ANOVA by EXCEL & SPSS
Ex. 8-1 Weight increment (kg) of late 30d of different pig breeds is shown in the following table.
In this case, there are five levels or
This is Test of Homogeneity of Variances, it suggest that variances are homogeneous for the Sig. equals to 0.421>0.05.
ANOVA 增重 Sum of Squares Between Groups 51.340 Within Groups 31.400 Total 82.740 df Mean Square 4 12.835 20 1.570 24 F 8.175 Sig. .000
Click: Analyze——Compare Means——OneWay ANOVA
Click Options and select all 5 options in “Statistics”.
Click “POST HOC” for Multiple Comparison. Then selected “LSD、S-NK、Duncan、Tukey.
Basic principle
服从什么分布?
Why do we need ANOVA?
Because the statistical hypothesis test can only compare the difference between two groups at the same time. So the statistical hypothesis test is not available if there are three or more than three groups. ANOVA & Multiple comparison are the most useful statistic methods in Biologic research.
(3)多重比较在研究论文中的 一般表示方法 The general representation method of Multiple Comparison in research papers
Exercise 8-1 Please open the file named“习题8-1 p133 表8-1.xls”, and complete the ANOVA and LSD, DUNCAN, S-NK Multiple Comparisons of table 8-1 on p133 of textbook through SPSS and EXCEL。( This is one of the assignments in this chapter .)
A1 B1 A1B1
A2 A2B1
A3 A3B1
B2 B3
A1B2 A1B3
A2B2 A2B3
A3B2 A3B3
试验中所研究的影响试验指标的原因或原因组合称 为试验因素(experimental factor)或处理因素 (treatment factor),简称因素或因子(factor)。 在试验中人为地加以调控的因素称为固定因素或可 控因素。该因素水平可准确控制,且水平固定后, 其效应也固定,同时在实验进行重复时可以得到相 同的结果。 试验中不能人为调控的因素称为非控因素或随机因 素。该因素不能严格控制(随机抽取不同水平), 或虽水平能控制,但其效应仍为随机变量,同时在 实验进行重复时不易得到相同的结果。 因素通常用大写拉丁字母A、B、C…表示
水平
Level
每个试验因素的不同状态 (处理的某种特定状态或 数量上的差别)称为因素 水平,简称水平(level)
因素 Factor
处理(treatment)是指对 受试对象给予的某种外部 处理 干预(或措施),是试验 Treatment 中实施的因素水平的一个 组合。分为单因素处理和 多因素处理。
In this table, the upper half is results of S-N-K multiple comparison, and the lower half is results of Duncan. Deferent groups are defined as deferent rows. There is no significant difference between the groups in the same column; conversely, there is significant difference in deferent columns. Question: which groups are significant different with group 5? (There is significant difference between the groups marked with different Latin letters on the right.)
方差分析的结果只能说明整体数据的差异
性。这并不意味着任意两组间都是极显著 或者显著。
如果判Hale Waihona Puke Baidu一个因素下各组(各水平)间差
异是否显著,这需要多重比较分析。
事实上,多重比较的结果比方差分析的结
果更丰富更有价值。
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_54b63 97501014fz3.html
生物统计学
Biostatistics
第八章 方差分析
Analysis of Variance
2016.5
§8.1 基本原理
方差分析(analysis of variance) 单因素方差分析(one-factor analysis of variance , ANOVA )或 一种方式分组的方差分析(one-way classification analysis of variance) Objective: to determine the difference between Means of at least three groups.
随机效应(random
学习小组任务
自学并讲解表8-3及其计算式。
课后阅读p143-146内容,或自行上网查
资料,说明多重比较是做什么的?常用 多重比较有哪些?各种方法有何特点?
手写“.”时,点在右下角,打点要清楚
不同处理效应
线性统计模型(linear
同一处理的处理效应是相同的
S-N-K
is the most conservative method, of course, S-N-K is the most reliable too.
This is the results of LSD. It is significant if Sig. in chart the less than 0.05 , or extremely significant if Sig. less than 0.01.
statistical model)
如何做到?
§8.2 固定效应模型
线性统计模型
平方和与自由度的分解
艾塔
重要
组间 组内
简易计算方法
0.16 0.09 0.04 1 0.64
§8.3 随机效应模型
试验中不能人为调控的因 素称为非控因素或随机因 素。该因素不能严格控制 (随机抽取不同水平), 或虽水平能控制,但其效 应仍为随机变量,同时在 随机抽取 方差分析 实验进行重复时不易得到 相同的结果。
②One-factor ANOVA by SPSS
Arrangement of data in SPSS must follow the requirements: each column can only be one variable, and the same variable must be in one column. In this example, "variety" variable is the Factor, While 1-5 in column 1 represent five varieties of respectively .
Repeats
①One-factor ANOVA by Excel
Data are grouped by columns.
TOOLS——Analysis Tool Pack——ONE FACTOR ANOVA
Data are grouped by columns. So “Columns” must be selected as “grouping type”.
Sig.<0.01, so the difference among different varieties is extremely significant.
(2)Results of Multiple Comparison methods (LSD, Duncan, S-N-K)
Commonly
水平总体
无限总体
a个水平
例8.2中动物的 “窝”就是随 机抽取的,是 随机因素。
和固定效应8.1式相同
与固定效应相比,假设不一样、结论不一样。
均方期望与统计量F
同固定效应模型一致
和固定效应模型到底有什么不同?
学习小组任务
自学并讲解表8-3及其计算式。
课后阅读p143-146内容,或自行上网查
used multiple comparisons methods are Duncan, S-N-K, LSD, Tukey, etc.. LSD is the most sensitive to make a significant conclusion, and followed by Duncan.
固定效应(fixed
effect) 人为选定的不同 固定因素(fixed factor) 实验温度,不同 药物浓度,不同 固定效应模型(fixed effect model) 作物品种,不同 固定模型(fixed model) 治疗方案等
effect) 该因素的a个 水平是从水平 随机因素(random factor) 总体中随机抽 出; 随机效应模型(random effect model) 随机模型(random model) 或者即使水平 确定,效应值 混合模型(mixed model) 也不固定。
资料,说明多重比较是做什么的?常用 多重比较有哪些?各种方法有何特点?
§8.4 多重比较(multiple comparison)
目的:
哪些处理之间存在显著差异,平均数之间进 行一对一比较。 LSD(最灵敏) Duncan(SSR) S-N-K Tukey Bonferroni Scheffe
Some Sample characteristics (N, Sum, Mean and Variance are showed in SUMMARY
In the results of ANOVA, “between groups” means Treatment effects, while “inner groups” means Random error. P-value (0.000446<0.01) of F-test suggests that it is extremely between groups。
If the variance is not homogeneous, the Multiple Comparisons in “Equal Variances Not Assumed” must be selected.
Results
This is the results of descriptive statistics: sample content, mean, standard deviation, standard error, 95% confidence interval, minimum value, etc..