2012级江西师范大学研究生学位英语口语试题及答案
江西师大学位英语考试口语对话
口语1.With the development of technology, almost everyone has a mobile phone.There is no exception for the students. But some are using their phones in classroom. What do you think of people who use mobile phones in the classroom? If you were the teacher, what will you do?使用手机会妨碍学校的教学秩序，上课时有的同学未关机，突然来电会影响全体同学听课，会给整个教室带来不愉快的情绪，因为突然来电而受影响。
;二是部分学生追求时尚,攀比成风;三是个别学生对学习没有兴趣,把兴趣转移到利用手机来玩游戏,发短信等，。
①一些学生利用手机在上课、自习、午休时间发手机短信聊天、看小说、上网，既影响了正常的教学秩序，也影响了自己和其他同学的休息②上课时，有的学生不关手机，把手机调为震动状态，有短信来时，学生陷入要不要回短信的矛盾心理中，这样必然会影响听课效率。
With the rapid development of mobile communications industry, many children are bringing cellular phones to school. But phones at school have roused much controversy. Many children use phones for purposes other than what their parents expect. The worst case is cheating on exams with the help of phones. Some of such tricks are difficult to be detected. Another nuisance is the sudden telephone ring in the middle of a class. The unfortunate child gets stared at by the teacher as well as his classmates. And when many have phones, the haves may look down upon the havenots, and they keep pressing parents for more expensive phones.This is certainly not good for their character development. The disadvantages of children bringing phones to school evidently overweighs its advantages. So more and more schools are banning phones at school2：When we were young, we were taught to “let seniors sit when we take buses”. But nowadays we can see many young people refuse to give their seats to the elderly on buses. Some believe that it is immoral not to give one’s seat to the aged on a bus. What’s your opinion? Are you used to giving your seat to the elderly? State your reasons, why or why not?第二题Whether the young should give seats to the old we always see some phenomence that the old often stand up in the bus,in the public,while the young are sit in the seats leisurely.so we have to think highly of this problem,weather we should give seats to the old. As we know ,respecting the old and taking care of the child is the tradition sprit of our country,when we attend school .our teacher give us elementary education , that is respecting the old and taking care of the young,but we feel bittterly when some adults ingore the old ,they sit the seat play mobile phone ,siting with their legs crossed.even worse ,theirs behaviors are not good to childrent. It is not advantage for social developments . it influence our images of our country. in my opinion, the elder are devoted all their youth for life,now ,they should have a happy life,i think the authorities concerned should imphasis the importance on politeness,as the old says:condect decide everything.we should form the good habit of politiness ,undoubtful,we should give seat to the elder.3R ecent history has seen the position of women change dramatically. In many countries women who in the past would have confined to the home have entered the job market and broken into professions once dominated by men. Still there are inequalities in various aspects of our life such as employment, promotion, income, family responsibility, further education etc. Are women and men really equal? How to ensure equality between men and women? Give your comments.这当然是不平等的，主要体现在以下几点先天角度男女的先天体格差异在一定程度上成了不平等的源泉。
2012级江西师范大学研究生学位英语口语试题及答案
1.Scientific discovery has brought about many negative effects to our life at the same time ofpromoting our life. Some people think that the development of science has disastrous sideeffects so that we should not live in modern society. What’s your point o f view?科学发现给我们的生活带来了许多负面影响，同时也提高了我们的生活质量。
有些人认为，科学的发展带来灾难性的副作用，因此，我们不应该生活在现代的社会中。
你的观点是什么呢？Scientific discovery plays significant role in our modern life. But nowadays, it turned into a huge monster. Scientific discovery cause numerous harmful consequences and seriously damagepeople’s health and life style.First, scientific discovery is bad for your health. People spend hours and hours to play them, so they are under very high risk of becoming overweight and obese.Second, the modern technology promotes unhealthy eating choices, especially among theteenagers and adolescents. Because they are usually addicted to it, forget the time.Third, people nowadays spend more time and pay more attention on modern technology, it can cause mental disorders or disturbances. Sometimes it will make you unhappy, tiresome andweariness, all of these are dangerous for people s’ health.Fourth, people pay too much attention on the scientific discovery, is lack of concentration,insomnia, restlessness, depressive thoughts, etc. It also will steal the time to be spent for many other important activities, like reading, playing with friend, traveling, and so on. Children are especially affected by the negative sides.Fifth, some kind of modern technology will make children failure in schools and low grades,slow-down in intellectual development, lack of social skills and others.However, for many people, modern scientific such as television, cell phone, computer are still the primary source for receiving the information. It can satisfy their needs.In addition, scientific discovery provides us with perfect entertainment for any taste, you can watch movie, talk to your friend on line or by the cellphone and so on. All these positive factors is useful for us.I am in favor it, it helps students learn more information and learn it more quickly. We can learnmore things in less time. We should enjoy the advantages of modern scientific, and try to solve the problems which modern technology has brought. The key is to make the best use of them ina proper way.科学发现在我们的现代生活中起着重要的作用。
2012年考研英语真题及答案1
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江西师范大学自考学位英语真题
江西师范大学自考学位英语真题1. Watching sport was _______ the most popular activity on Saturday afternoons. [单选题] *A. so farB. by far(正确答案)C. far fromD. much far答案解析：解析：四个选项中只有by far可以修饰形容词最高级和比较级，因此正确答案是B。
A.so far到目前为止；C.far from根本不，远远不；D.much far没有这样的表达。
by far是“最为…／更为…”的意思.使用by far时,随后的形容词最高级及比较级都附有定冠词the。
例如，She is by far the best of the students in class．她是班里最好的学生.2. People _______ a new festival so that African Americans would be able to celebrate their history and culture. [单选题] *A. inventedB. producedC. manufacturedD. created(正确答案)答案解析：解析：句意：人们创造了一个新的节日，使非裔美国人能够庆祝他们的历史和文化。
A.invent, 主要意思是”发明”是指产生前所未有的东西，其对象往往是物质性的，尤指科技上的发明创造。
B.produce当作为动词时，有生产，出产，产生的意思。
与manufacture的差别不是很大。
C.manufacture当作为动词时，有大量制造，加工的意思。
D.create“创造、创作”，指产生出新的东西，其对象往往是精神上的，如艺术、文学作品中的人物及新的科学领域等。
也可指创造出新的具体事物．3. At that moment she was standing a few meters away from _______ we are now. [单选题] *A. where(正确答案)B. whatC. whichD. there答案解析：解析：句意：那一刻，她站在离我们现在所处位置几米远的地方。
2010-2013年江西师范大学827真题
江西师范大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题（ A 卷）专业：学科教学（英语）科目：英语综合注：考生答题时，请写在考点下发的答题纸上，写在本试题纸或其他答题纸上的一律无效。
Ⅰ.Vocabulary: (20 points, 1 X 1)Directions: Choose the best word which has the closest meaning to the underli -ned word in the sentence.1.Hauchecome’s death was bought about by ________.A) remorse B) accusation C) rheumatism D) frustration2.Jack _______ crimson with embarrassment when his girl friend saw his dirty socks under the sheet.A) disputed B) fumbled C) flushed D) stopped3.The boy had a _______ expression because of silly mistakes he had made.A) rustic B) shamefaced C) incredulous D) desperate4.The poem handles the problem of instinct _______ intellect in man.A) versus B) positive C) implement D) academic5.The government _______ its policy of helping the unemployed.A) implemented B) enriched C) enrolled D) plagued6.Obviously, the Chairman’s marks at the conference were _______ and not planned.A) substantial B) spontaneous C) simultaneous D) synthetic7.Reporters and photographers alike took great _______ at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.A) annoyance B) offence C) resentment D) irritation8.These continual _______ in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.A) transitions B) transformations C) exchanges D) fluctuations9.Susan has _______ the elbows of her son’s jacket with leather patches to make it more durable.A) reinforecd B) sustained C) steadied D) confirmed10.Although we tried to concentrate on the lecture, we were _______ by the noise from the next room.A) distracted B) displaced C) dispersed D) discarded11.The reason why so many children like to eat this new brand of biscuit is t-hat it is particularly sweet and _______.A) fragile B) feeble C) brisk D) crisp12.There is supposed to be a safety _______ which makes it impossible for trains to collide.A) appliance B) accessory C) machine D) mechanism13.For years now, the people of that faraway country have been cruelly _____ by a dictator.A) depressed B) immersed C) oppressed D) cursed14.Ever since the rise of industrialism, education has been _______ towards producing workers.A) harnessed B) hatched C) motivated D) geared15.He developed a _______ attitude after years of frustration in his career.A) sneaking B) disgusted C) drastic D) cynical16.They believed that this was not the _______ of their campaign for equality but merely the beginning.A) climax B) summit C) pitch D) maximum17.Several guests were waiting in the _______ for the front door to open.A) porch B) vent C) inlet D) entry18.As the mountains were covered with a _______ of cloud, we couldn’t see their tops.A) coating B) film C) veil D) shade19.We couldn’t really afford to buy a house so we got it on hire purchase and paid monthly _______.A) investments B) requirements C) arrangements D) installments20.The magician made us think he cut the girl into pieces but it was merely an _______.A) illusion B) impression C) image D) illumⅡ.Reading Comprehension: (40 points, 1 X 2)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by so me questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked a, b, c, and d. You should decide on the best choice and write the an swer on the Answer Sheet.TEXT 1Pygmies are the earliest-known inhabitants of central Africa. They lived in t he Congo basin long before other groups migrated there--their presence confirm ed in ancient Egyptian records. They are gentle, peaceful people who conceal t he-mselves well in the rainforest. They have in recent times had to share with immigrant farmers. Pygmies do not farm, but trade meat, honey and other for -est products for knives, metal tools ,rice, corn and bananas. They are lighter skinned than some of their neighbors and different in stature. Adults are 1.2 to 1.5m tall.The Efe group of Pygmies of the Ituri forest in eastern Congo is one of the last to retain its original culture. The Efes, whose existence is threatened by l -ogging and farming in the forests in which they hunt, are among the Burundi group of Pygmies who live in north-eastern Congo.In Cameroon, there is a population of 35,000 Baka Pygmies,but this number is uncertain because of the group’s semi-nornadic lifestyle in wandering the ra -inforest in search of game and other foods. During the three-month rainy seas -on, when food is plentiful, the Baka leave their permanent villages to roam th e forest, rarely staying in one place more than a week.Men contract marriages during this crucial season; they prove their hunting a -bility by the game they bring home to the parents of a future wife.Men from farming tribes sometimes marry Pygmy women, although there is a ban again -st Pygmy men marrying women from farming tribes.Within the Baka culture, hunting elephant is one of the most important activ -ities,not only for food but for the symbolic meanings and prestige traditionally attached to it. Elephant hunting is linked to other cultural activities, including men’s initiation and women’s ritual songs.Hunting is performed with poisoned arrows, bows, crossbows, spears and traps. The Baka are interested in the out -side world while maintaining their identity and independence. And though they are attracted by much of what the outside world offers, they have always had access to the forest,a world that is completely their own.Their culture is robust enough to survive as long as the forest remains. Without it this culture will be meaningless.21.The fact that Pygmies are the earliest Central African inhabitants has been ______.A)established B)made C)discovered D)explored22.Pygmies are gentle and peaceful people who in stature is ________.A)unusually big C)normally smallB)normally big D)quite normal23.________fails to denote the name of a country.A)the Congo B)Ituri C)Burundi D)Cameroon24.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A)A Baka Pygmy marriage takes place in the rainforestB)Of all Pygmies, the Efe group is the last group keeping its primitive cultureC)Pygmy men are forbidden to marry women from farming tribesD)Pygmy women are not forbidden to marry men from farming tribes25.Robust as Pygmy culture is, it can according to the text, by all means surv -ive ________.A)to the end of this centuryB)the next centuryC)the culture of farming tribes long in the outside worldD)as long as there is the rainforestTEXT 2The use of chemicals in almost all areas of life has become a commonplace phenmoenon. There is growing evidence ,however, that chemicals in the envir -onment, including pesticides, may contribute to some illnesses. While studies are still being conducted preliminary conclusions point to the verdict that such chemicals are indeed negatively impacting those humans to whom they are exp -osed.Children are especially vulnerable to toxic substancs. Pound for pound, they eat, drink and breathe more than adults,all of which expose them more heavily to those chemicals to which most individuals encounter on a daily basis. Fur-theremore, their bodies are still in developing stages, exacerbating the negative effects of those chemicals which negatively impact them.Of 50 types of pesticieds commonly used in American schools a study cond -ucted by the National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides found thatmany caused negative reactions in laboratory animals. Such negative effects inc -luded kidney and liver damage, cancer, and neurological and reproductive prob -lems.These implications of these findings are far-reaching, Given the variety of ha -rmful effects attributed to those pesticides tested, one must pause and consider whether it is wise to continue their use in the nation’s schools,where children will be constantly exposed to them. Activists have lobbied for the elimination of such use with a degree of success, and recent findings, if supported by fur -ther analysis and confirmation, may help further the cause. A long term soluti on or alternative, however, remains elusive.In the short run, however, there may be some measures that can be taken to mitigate the harmful effects of dangerous pesticides. The American Medical Association’s Council on Scientific Affairs concluded in a 1997 report that giv-en the “particular uncertaint regarding the long-term health effects of low-dose pesticide exposures.”It is “prudent”for adults and children to limit their expos -ure and to “consider the use of the least toxic chemical pesticides or non-che-mical alternatives”.26.The citing of dangerous effects of pesticides on laboratory animals in paragr -aph 3 is used to suggest that _______.A)scientists are also concentrated with effects of pesticides on animalsB)cancer is the worst effect of the pesticidesC)most or all of the dangerous effects of pesticides are now knownD)the chemicals may also cause these effects in humans27.Children are more likely than adults to suffer the negative effects of pestici-des because ________.A)children absorb more pesticides than adults, proportionallyB)pesticides are used more in areas with childrenC)the pesticides used in schools are more dangerous than other pesticidesD)adults know more about pesticides than children28.The main point of this text is that _________.A)pesticides are dangerous and their uses need to be reevaluatedB)children suffer most from the effects of pesticidesC)schools are most responsible for pesticide-relate illnessesD)pesticides should be eliminates everywhere29.The author mentions the exaggerated effects of chemicals on children in par -agraph 2 to _____.A)prove that pesticides are dangerous to all humansB)show that children are more susceptible to many kinds of dangersC)suggest a solution to the problem of pesticidesD)identify one group that pesticides hurt in particular30.The author cites the American Medical Association’s advice in paragraph 4 in order to ________.A)present more factual details to clarify the issueB)present an alternative theory for considerationC)present a recommendation from a reputable sourceD)Present a solution drawn from all the evidence consideredTEXT 3It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made a trip to Angola in 1997,to support the Red Cross’s campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours of arriving in Angola, television scre -ens around the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injure -d in explosions caused by landmines.”I knew the statistics”,she said,”But putti-ng a face to those figures brought the reality home to me; like when I met Sandra, a 13-year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her.”The Princess concluded with a simple message:”We must stop landmines”. And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message. But, back in London, her views were not shared by some members of the British government,which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an attack on the princess in the press. They described her as”very ill -informed”and a “loose cannon”. The princess responed by brushing aside the Criticisms:”This is a distraction we do not need. All I’m trying to do is help”. Opposition parties, the media and public immediately voiced their support for Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British go-vernment ‘s policy regarding landmines.The result was a severe embarrassment for the government. To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary,Malcolm Rifkin, claimed taht the Princess’s views on landmines were not very different from government policy, and that it was “working towards”a worldwide ban. The Defense Secretary , Michael Portilo, claimed the matter was “a misinterpretation or misunderstanding.”For the Princess,the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering lan -dmines can cause. She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get colser to people and their problems.31.Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997_______.A)to clarify the British government’s stand on landminesB)to establish her image as a friend of landmine victimsC)to investigate the sufferings of landmine victims thereD)to voice her support for a total ban of landmines32.What did Diana mean when she said “putting a face to those figures broug-ht the reality home to me”(Line 5, Para,1)?A)Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statisticsB)She just couldn’t bear to meet the landmine victims face to faceC)The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back homeD)Seeing the pain of the victims made she realized the seriousness of the situa -tion33.Some members of the British government criticized Diana because ______.A)she had not consulted the government before the visitB)she was ill-informed of the government’s policyC)they were actually opposed to banning landminesD)they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola34.How did Diana respond to the criticisms?A)She made more appearances on TVB)She paid no attention to themC)She rose to argue with her opponentsD)She met the 13-year-old girl as planned35.What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?A)It had caused embarrassment to the British governmentB)It had greatly promoted her popularityC)It had brought her closer to the ordinary peopleD)It had affected her relations with the British governmentTEXT 4“History is written by the victors.”This famous phrase reverberates througho -ut the halls of history, constantly reminding us to take all that we learn with a grain of salt, knowing that the information provided for our dissemination was provided, shaped and influenced by this left to hold the pen that recorded it. In that respect, one of the worst crimes against history is the revision ofit, the altering of the record of the past so as to reflect the viewpoint of a biased group who stand to benefit from the altered version.By revising the lens by which history is judged, valuable information is lost, to the detriment of both students of the filed as well as the awareness that co-mes from experience. Without an accurately recorded account to serve as guidi -ng light, nations and societies are left to stumble their way about their affairs, ignorant of what has and hasn’t worked before, and unaware of what past ev -ents shaped and determined their present situation. Such dismal situations emer -ge from simple pride, as well as the desire of the revisionists to depict thems -elves in a better light to posterity or to cover up an embarrassing legacy, no matter the cost to the future.Recent attempts by nations involved in the second World War to minimize or erase altogether certain shameful incidents from their history textbook has been met with international outrage and protest, and rightly so. By allowing fu -ture generations to forget or never even learn about how their ancestors stumb -led on the path to progress, the experiences of those who suffered as a result of those mistakes are trivialized and made to be in its information. Both are heinous results for both nationals of that particular nation as well as those of the international community,whose stories intertwine to form the large picture.When a single string in the tapestry of world history is unraveled by revisio -n, the entire piece becomes a weaker one, subject to additional modification at the whim of those who would like to use history as a tool for their own purposes, even if it means fundamentally changing it. This outcome must be avoided at all costs, firstly by not allowing a precedent to be established that makes it acceptable, even in a single case, to commit the revision. Otherwise, humans as a race will fall prey to yet another oft-quoted phrase:”History, if fo -rgotten, is doomed to be repeated.”36.The first line of the text implies that _______.A)historical accounts are invariably colored by the views and stances of those who emerged victoriousB)those who have the power to do so will often influence recording of events to favor themselvesC)those who are defeated have little or no say in the documentation of their st ruggle, resulting in a biased account.D)the winners in a struggle have the moral obligation to accurately record eve-nts37.The author views the revision of history as _______.A)indisputably negative in all situationsB)generally harmful when done so to favor one side’s stanceC)always motivated by the desire to portray the reviser in a better lightD)Rendering the revised history useless for the purposeof analysis and learning38.In paragraph3, the author argues against historical revision with the assertion that ________.A)revision of World WarⅡevents has proven that such actions have a negative impactB)such revision results in an undeserved sense of national prideC)revising history has far-reaching effects beyond the borders of any one count -ryD)history is one of the primary concerns dealt with in the education system and should thus be pure39.In paragraph 4,”When a single string in a tapestry of world history is unra -veled by revision, the entire piece becomes a weaker one”means that ______.A).history is an intertwined series of events coming together to form a large pictureB)a loss of reliability in any single segment of history makes the entire histori -cal record suspectC)once one piece of history is revised, others soon followD)as soon as the integrity of the historical record is breached, it can never be fully recovered.40.The main point of text is that ________.A)revising history must be avoided in all situations at all costsB)the revision of history leads to a flawed perception resulting in loss of vital lessonsC)is revision of history goes on, the meaning behind the revised events will lo -se meaningD)historical revision is an international problem affecting all nations and people Ⅲ.Cloze (20 points, 1 X 2)When people __41__ to improve their breathing their initial thought is invar-iably to suck in the maximum possible draught of air __42__ you can’t pour wine into a full bottle. __43__you can’t fill the lungs with fresh air __44__ you’ve first drained them of every drop of stale air,__45__at the best of times only a sixth of the air in the lungs gets __46__with each fresh breath we take. If we breathe shallowly, or fail to clear the lunges of devitalized air, this poor rate of turnover declines __47__further.__48__always start your deep breathing exercises __49__collapsing the lungs as fully as possible. While you breatheout,imagine that you’re a hot air balloon collapsing slowly to the ground. This has a relaxing effect, particularly __50__ you quietly intone the world relax…relax…relax as you exhale.41.A)set forth B)set off C)set down D)set out42.A)But B)And C)Therefore D)Often43.A)At the same time B)In the same way C)More often than not D)Even if44.A)if B)unless C)after D)before45.A)Even B)Especially C)When D)Where46.A)changed B)changing C)to change D)change47.A)still B)more C)less D)farther48.A)Moreover B)So C)Yet D)Besides49.A)when B)in C)by D)on50.A)before B)even if C)if D)just beforeⅣ.Translation(40 points)Part A. Translate the following passage into English (20 points)依照中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法的规定，妇女在政治、文化、社会和家庭生活等方面享有与难自己平等的权利。
江西师范大学学位英语口语
1.Scientific DiscoveryWith the rapid development of the science and technology, there is an increasing trend that new scientific discoveries are coming into being like bamboo shoots after a spring rain. New scientific discoveries nearly always bring mankind blessings. It is no doubt that we are enjoying all kinds of products, such as computers by which we can freely hear soft music, comfortably watch favorite film fashion to us, and excitedly chat with friends or relationships far away. Mobile phone, which is also an efficient and portable tool, gives rise to our lives’ change. Therefore we said that some new scientific products are taking an important role in daily people’s lives, not only in working environment, but also in even more private use. As a result, so many people call for their arrival and well prepare to try new scientific products applying.Yet sometimes scientific discoveries may prove a curse upon the human race. There is a famous saying, ―Every coin has two sides‖. Along with new scientific discoveries’ advantage, we have to accept their all shortcomings. High scientific technology crimes appear in Television or newspaper we can see. Some virtual scene where the young is fascinated to join enables them to hesitate. All these things may affect people’s normal lives. Taking another example, terrorists usually take use of scientific discoveries to face us in danger. So people horrified and opposed these new products. Different voices shouted to us to firmly object new scientific discoveries. In some sense people worry about those negative effects, especially to endanger people life.The misuse of scientific discoveries must be prevented. It is high time for governments to make out some policies to protect local people, and limit some illegal things. At the same time it should encourage scientists to invite some new high scientific technology products because although both of these two types of effects are new, maybe bring about some negative side effects, is still inevitable to us. We should not attach pure goodness and not to consider badness to such trends. No matter with you hold, new scientific discoveries would become one of the most authoritative voices speaking to us. I do believe that so long as we make good preparations, we will perform well in the future.Is Science a good or bad thing? Have the facts and results improved or harmed society/ the human race? Are we better off by accepting the tihngs Science has discovered? Or would the human race be better off without the knowledge and facts?But without scientists, mathematicians, philosophers and so on, the world would not be where it is now, we would still be living in caves and hunting, fishing and fighting over who deserves a bigger bone to this day... Think about it, where would we be now, if we were not able to evolve?So if science had progressed very slowly, or we had dealt with the knowledge more carefully, then it would not have had such a negative effect. We have certainly had much benefit from science and it may even save the 'entire planet' one day. There's much one can say, and many ways of looking at this topic, but I'll leave it at that for now. Let's have some more views on it.So to respond to Freethinker's post I'd say science isn't good or bad. Science is a tool, a process. However, people's intentions when using science or calling upon scientific evidence as pillars of truth, may be more or less valid. When a shampoo manufacturer states that some stupid,unnecessary effect (like "works with the molecules inside your hair to produce a long lasting shine") is "scientifically" proven but offer no evidence for this (and even after having tested the shampoo on animals who suffered or died) - that is a misuse of the term "scientific".They could as well have written "We spent a billion dollars on testing this and it will work but the side effects, if you experience them, may lead to hair loss and scalp problems" which would be more honest, more likely, and more understandable. But it wouldn't sell more shampoo.Have science changed human nature? I think the answer to that one is that without science, we would not be human. Science did not start a few millenia ago - when farming was adopted tens of thousands of years ago that was science, too (finding crops that yielded the best results in the different types of ground available, year after year).2.Class AttendanceRequired class attendance is so common at colleges and universities that many teachers and even students themselves simply assume it is a good thing. In fact, required class attendance does more harm than good.There are several reasons that teachers should not require attendance. First, rigid attendance policies do not benefit students' studies. For example, a student may have to give up a lecture which he finds important to his studies simply because of rigid attendance policies. Second, the lectures of some teachers are not always constructive. A student should be allowed to decide for himself whether an in-class experience is worthwhile when his teacher merely repeats material from the textbook or wastes class time by telling irrelevant stories. Finally and most importantly, there is no proven correlation between attendance and performance in a course. A student may never miss a single attendance in a course, but it doesn't mean that he has acquired the knowledge of this course.Required class attendance policies may secure one hundred percent attendance for a course, but it does not make much sense.Nowadays required class attendance is very common at colleges and universities. Most people take it for granted that students should attend all the classes required by school. However still some others do not agree with this argument. They don't think it should be compulsory for students to attend class.As for me, I'm in favor of the latter opinion. The following reasons can account for my preference. First, the rigid attendance policy does not benefit students' studies. For example, a student may have to give up a lecture which he finds useful to his studies simply because he dare not run the rest of being penalized for his absence in his course. Second,the lectures of some teachers are not always constructive. A student should be allowed to tell for himself whether an inclass experience is worthwhile. Finally and most importantly, there is no proving and corelation between class attendance and academic performance. A student may never be absent in a course, but who knows whether or not he is just sitting there daydreaming all the time.In conclusion, class attendance may secure one hundred percent attendance for a course.But it is not really beneficial to us. As college students we should learn to make the right decisions for ourselves about whether to attend a class."Awareness of the problem is half of the solution，" Once Edison mentioned. Now that we have reached the conclusion that mere attendance requirement is not right，nor necessary，what shall teachers and students do to find the other half of the solution and end the "hide and see" game？First，maintaining students attention and interest is still a big challenge for the classroom lecturers. One way for professors to meet the challenge is to brighten the classes with anecdotes for comic relief. Another way is to integrate visuals into classroom activities. Still another way is to punctuate the classes with discussion. Through all these methods the students' enthusiasm of study may be aroused and they would have the desire to study instead of being compelled to sit in the classroom thinking how to escape it. Students themselves should take actions to solve the problems too. The essence of the problem is how to improve their study quality and students themselves，as those who benefit from all the endeavors，must give an active response to teachers and the society. Just as Newton once said，"Exploring the unknown is the happiest thing in my life."Students must develop their interest and desire to learn in classes. They should try their best to follow the courses to get knowledge from them instead of making all kinds of excuses to escape classes.After all，taking all these factors into account，we may safely arrive at the conclusion that to require class attendance is not an effective way to ensure the students' study quality and efficiency，but it stands for the endless endeavor of educators to improve the standard of education and to give students better tourscs. Awareness of the problem is the first step and other effective measures are beingtaken. We have strong belief that the situation in the near future will be better and students as well as the teachers will both get high efficiency and interest from the classes. Just try and believe it！We cast our eyes forward because there will be a brighter future of education！Requiring Class Attendance Shows Low Teaching Level. During my two-year-long college life, most of my teachers don't require class attendance. Some of them even said, "There is no need to attend my class if you find anything more attractire." But there are still many who insist on making class attendance a rigid policy. Here are their arguments: Teachers spend lots of time preparing and teaching a course which contains the cream of their knowledge. Missing the class wastes your chance to absorb the cream and by doing it, you show no respect for your teacher. Some students lose the motivation to study when there is no one beside to force him to study. Class attendance requirement is directed against those lazy ones. It can compel them to attend the class. Sounds reasonable. But does this regulation really work? I find that the courses that require class attendance contain the following ones, such as "Max's Philosophy", and one of my specialized courses called "Analysis Chemistry". They share the same feature:dull. Every one has to attend the class because of the regulation and because of the grade point. The classroom is full of students and the teacher seems contended. It seems that only by attending the class can we show our respect for the teacher. But it is not the truth, for almost half of the students have a good sleep or do their homework during the class while the others take notes apathetically. Respect doesn't come from the rate of attendance but from the teacher's splendid teaching. Because of the attendance requirement, those who are busy sleeping, playing PC games or having dates have no choice but to come to the classroom. The regulation can tie up their bodies but not their souls. How can you imagine that brains full of comfortable beds, exciting game screens and beautifulgirls will learn anything from the teachers, especially those who teach the course only by reading books? It comes to my point that requiring class attendance can not effectively attract students to learn more. And the only solution is to improve the quality and fascination of classroom instruction. One of my classmates has great interest in playing PC games and goes to class scarcely, even those which require class attendance. But every Friday morning, he is never absent from the course Meticulous Organic Chemistry. Why? He told me that he learnt lots of things that could never be found in the books and the teachers' humorous speech always sobered him up. So when you take a course that requires class attendance,you should be prepared to endure a really dull one.3.Green foodAs more and more people focus on health diet,green food has begun to draw more and more attention by the public .In recent years,the market demand for green food has increased,and all kinds of green food have emerged in an endless stream .Why does green food become so popular in China?Above all, compared with ordinary food,green food is healthier,safer and more nutritious.Moreover,nowadays,many vegetables are polluted because of the usage of agricultural chemicals,while green food is free of pollution.Besides, with the improvement of the living standards ,more people can afford a healthier but more expensive lifestyle.So green food,despite its higher price,still becomes people's favorite food.However,nowadays the market is full of real and fake green food,making many consumers confused.Therefore,the government must strengthen the supervision and administration of green food market.Besides,consumers should increase the knowledge of green food.Only in this way can green food play a more positive role in people's life.Green food is now becoming more and more popular. As a matter of fact, in big cities, there is always a big rush for green food during festivals. One reason for the popularity of green food is that today people are more and more health-conscious. They are very concerned with diseases related to contaminated food.It is much more expensive but they will still buy green food. Last but not the least, now Chinese people are much better off than before, and they can afford this kind of food for health and for diversity as well.If I have a choice I'll also choose green food because green food has so much advantages as I mentioned above.Personally, I think green food is symbolic. On the one hand, it shows the quality of life has been greatly improved. On the other hand, it mirrors a worrying problem-food contamination. So, it's time for us to change the habit of eating of people's health.In China, green food means high-quality esculent agricultural and processed products without being polluted, growing in excellent environment, produced according to regularizedtechnological speculations, with quality controlled through the processing. The sign of Green Food is a quality trademark registered by the China Green Food Development Center at the Trademark Office of State Administration for Industry and Commerce. Its private right is protected by the Trademark Law of the People's Republic of China.Changes in People’s Diet(1) According to a recent survey, rice, the staple food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role in their diet, while the consumption of high quality food such as meat, milk and fruit has greatly increased. (2) A marked change has taken place on the family dining table in the last 10 years.(3) There are two factors leading to the change. (4) For one thing, people now enjoy a higher standard of living. (5) In the old days few families could afford meat and milk every day.(6) But now people have enough money to taste a rich variety of foods. (7) For another, people of today pay more attention to nutrition. (8) They are not merely content to fill the stomach. (9) They are seeking the most reasonable diet which will do good to their health.(10) In short, with people’s standards of living getting higher, changes in their diet will be more obvious and greater.Changes in People’s DietI n the past five years,great changes have been taking place in people’s diet. There is a general trend of decrease in the consumption of some high-energy food, such as milk and meat.Why are there changes in people’s diet?In my opinion,there are two major r easons:on the one hand,nowdays,people have more money to buy the food with better nutrition, which is generally much more expensive than grain or vegetables.On the other hand,they now pay attention not only to the quantity but also the quanlity of their food.They have more knowledge on improving the nutritional value of food.From the above we can see that in the past five years,peole’s living standard has been rising year by year. We can expect that there will be a more prosperous future waiting for us.green food (food contains no toxic or harmful elements for human health) China's pollution-free safety, quality, nutrition products collectively.4. employ peopleFor1) I think the key factor of success of a company is to be aggressive, that's just what young people have.2) Old people may be too conservative, but in modern competition, it is very important to take the lead without being too conservative.3) Most young people have a more vigorous body to work, adapting to hard workAgainst1) Experienced old people may have a more comprehensive point of view of a certain thing.2) It is easy for young people to be too rash to make a good decision.3) Old experienced people may act calmer when meeting with difficulties.5. Live to work or live to enjoyI always think about what kind of person. I would like to be and what kind of life I would like to live. Also, I often think about whether I should live to work or live to enjoy? After thinking, I choose to live to work as well as enjoy. As is known, life is limited. So what I want is a life with material and spiritual abundance. As a bread earner, I believe that financial guarantee is realistic and significant for a person and his family. It is an understructure. However, as a man who enjoys life, I had to say that there are more vital things than materials, including family, lovers, friends and one’s social responsibilities. Without these, life can be dull and meaningless. To summarize what I’ve said, life cannot be called a life without material and spiritu al guarantee. Thus, I have a preference for living to work with the company of enjoyment.We Should Live to Work or Work to LiveSome people have asked a question that if you were not working to live, what would you want to do? There is no standard answers to this question. Some one said they want to travelaround the world, eat various food, experience different culture and custom; some one said they want look after their children and foster them to be successful people; some one said they just want to get some leisure time to read a good book, drink a cup of tea, and enjoy the sunshine of afternoon. Actually, work is an important part of the meaning of life. When people are almost stifled by the pressure from fierce social competition, their notion about work will be changed. Work become boring and annoying,and something that people don't want to do, but have to do to make a living.Most people are always engaged in struggling for house, car, money, status,and power. If they have gained one of the material success, they want to fight for more satisfaction. The conclusion is that people's desire is endless. In the process of pursuing material, people lose the ability of enjoying life. The success become something that we always pursue at the cost of our health and happiness but we never meet, because no one can define the final success. If our aim is to get a satisfied life style, why we should pay for the hardships of life which come from our desire?Rich and poor have different life styles and life aims. What the poor people want to know is how to live in the competitive society. What the rich people think about is how to keep their wealth and status and how to live better. Therefore, everyone living in this world aim at living better than current situation. In order to reach this goal, what people fight for, such as money and power, are meaningless when they only can be got at the cost of health and happiness. It looks like contradictory that we aim at struggle for material to live better, but at the process of working we lose the enjoyment of life. However, if we changed our notion, maybe our world could be changed.The aim of living is not to work, because there are still much beautiful emotions and meaningful things are worth pursuing in the world. The aim of working is not to live, because when work is regarded as a tool for make a living, the meaning of life is to find a decent road to approach death. Therefore, my choice is that try my best to work by the attitude that living is to work, and try my best to live by the attitude that everything is worth enjoying in our life not just work.Living to work means that we should not treat work as a tool of wooing fame and fortune, but concentrate on it, just like finish our mission. Nowadays, more and more people feel tired and painful for unsatisfied current situation. The fierce competition reshaped people's attitude of working by a utilitarian and hypocritical value. People live in the world by relying on the satisfaction of basic means of substance. Some people think that if it is unnecessary to worry about the lack of material, it is also no need to work. Nevertheless, the fact that some rich person are also unhappy proved that to live or to live better, people still need something psychological, such as the feeling of safety, the sense of belonging, the sense of identity from outsides, sense of respect and self-respect and continuous self-improvement and self-realization. Unceasing challenges can offer unceasing motivation to people. Remaining idle will ruin people in spirit, which is always ignored.Working to live means doesn't means that we must struggle for making a living at the coast of our health and enjoyment of life, doesn't means we should treat work as the only approach to live better. It means that only working can urge people to find the direction of life, or else the life is like a boat without sail floats on the endless sea, waiting for the day that it was doomed to sink soundlessly. We will be idle and aimless without working, and will be whiney and painful with exhausting work. To some extend, the successful man is not a workaholic, but a enjoyer of work.They can grasp every second in life to enjoy love, friendship, family love, sunshine, clear air, wonderful scenery, even boring work is worth enjoying, because they also regard boring work as a kind of experience in the process of life . Almost everything in the world is worth cherishing, because work is not the only fate. We never know when we will meet death but we know we can't feel anything beautiful in the world any more.I think at some point, we all have to come to a decision in our life about certain priorities in regards to our lifestyle and workplace… live to work, or work to live. One of these, it seems, must always come before the other. We can either choose to live for our work, where our lifestyle, location, and family must conform to the demands of our job. Or, we can choose to set a way of life, and find an occupation that supports that life. There are some of us who choose our career, or because of our career we have no other option. Others of us don’t really care what we do, as long as it supports our life. Police and lawyers don’t have much room outside of their work, and snowboarders and surfers are notorious for holding temporary jobs that allow them to spend more time riding waves of water or snow. I don’t think that one is better than the other, and I don’t think that one has a better chance of attaining financial happiness. I do think, however, that whatever choice i s made will drastically impact ones finances, as it alters ones’ priorities.Live to Work There’s a certain type of personality that always seems to be driven. It doesn’t matter whether they are running a multi-million dollar multinational corporation, or the neighbourhood bake sale, they are internally motivated to get things done. Not only do they want to accomplish things, they want to do it quickly, efficiently, and on budget. If this type of person is suddenly without a goal, completion date, or finish line, then they will find one and make it their next project. Often associated with the type A personality, this type of person can very easily become a workaholic whose very existence can be boiled down to their profession. They live to work. Following your career might take you places that you normally wouldn’t go. It may require that you move across town, or across the country, or even to Germany or New Zealand. It may ask you to work odd hours, or long hours. It may ask you to be away from your family for weeks, or months at a time. However, this may have been something that you have been dreaming about since you were a child. It may be something that is a temporary but necessary step towards reaching your dream job, and so you make the sacrifice of living where you want, or raising your kids where you want, because that is what is required of you. Work to Live Another way to live is to find something in your life that you love more than anything, and make sacrifices in order to have it. This can be anything from being a stay at home mom, to travelling the world, to living in a ski resort or in Paris. If your life’s main priority is to stay at home and raise your kids in a good neighbourhood, then you won’t mind staying at a lower paying job if it me ans you get to stay in the city that you want your children to grow up in. It might not be the best choice financially, but it is the best choice for you because you are working only to support your life, not for the sake of working. If you want to travel the world, then you might decide to get a job planting trees or fighting fires. Difficult jobs that require incredible hard work and sacrifice over the short term – but they provide you with enough money in order to spend 6 months in Thailand. Working the fast food counter at the ski resort might not be your life long desire – but going riding for 150 days in one season might be, so you are working in order to support your chosen lifestyle. fires. Difficult jobs that require incredible hard work and sacrifice over the short term – but they provide you with enough money in order to spend 6 months in Thailand. Working the fast foodcounter at the ski resort might not be your life long desire – but going riding for 150 days in one season might be, so you are working in order to support your chosen lifestyle.I almost felt no answer to the question when the first sight of the topic.I don’t think it should be consider again and again before we struggle to live. Some time it’s the truth that our life is caused by accidence so just go ahead and think less.But if we think over the significance of living, we cann’t deny the seriius effect of our work.According to me the meaning of life is to persue, to find the meanful things in our life, to check the pisitive ways of life and to spend our rationally-got life more happier than it was. I think work is one of those matters that we persue the whole time. Work, expecially one enjoyed carrier can difinately promote the process of our persuring. If we work hard certainly we will be well paid. If we have enough money it’s sure we can realize what we dream of in our peacetime. You can say that work actes as one important part in one’s whole life also if we consider the dignity of what it may bring brought to us. One person without one stable job in china now is usually be treated as one person without his undertaking. Now almost nobody will undertake only one postion or job in his life. No matter what we do, we should choose those help to our life but not the thing we cann’t con trol.For me I prefer sales so much now. I’m satisfied with my now position and will stick to that for certain times."Live to work" obviously connotes that one goes happily off to the office each day, while "work to live" implies something more onerous. As for the value "live to work "or "work to live " ,different people have various opinions. Some people love their work very much and they haven't any economy burden . So they live their life to enjoy everything including their work . So they live to work . Some people can't get the job they desire and maybe they have heavy burden in their life , thus they must work harder and hard to live . Why do we work? The answers differ from one person to another because they adopt different attitudes towards work. Some people live to work. They devote themselves to their work. The aim for which they work is to realize the value of life, to promote the development of society and to make more people live happily. They make great contribution to society and at the same time they also find pleasure from their work. On the contrary, other people work to live. They regard work as a way of making a living. The purpose for which they work is to kill time or to make enough money to support themselves and their families. They oft en consider work as what they have to do. So they can’t pick up pleasure and enjoyment from their work. Such people, once they can afford to support themselves and their families, perhaps quit their work. In my opinion, we shouldn’t go to the extremes. Sin ce we are members of society, we should do what we can to better it so that we can live in more comfortable and more convenient surroundings. Good life is an assurance of smooth work. Only when we realize this can we live happily and work well.We Should Live to Work or Work to LiveSome people have asked a question that if you were not working to live, what would you want to do? There is no standard answers to this question. Some one said they want to travel around the world, eat various food, experience different culture and custom; some one said they want look after their children and foster them to be successful people; some one said they just want to get some leisure time to read a good book, drink a cup of tea, and enjoy the sunshine of。
研究生英语口语考试问题及答案.(优选)
U.1.What is the best way to educate our children？Who gives them more influences, teachers or parents?Nowadays, more and more teachers focus on the education for their students, they are eager to find a best way to solve this problem, as well as the parents.Importantly, we have to consider the students themselves. What we do will benefit them?We must enhance their knowledge and wisdom to solve kinds of problems and questions, so if we want to educate for success, we must make sure that what the students need. Unlike the past days, nowadays the students not only need knowledge in book, but also need something innate. They need to study, and to study in a very healthway and with a very relax heart. Here we can get some information that is to give the students the knowledge and happiness both.I think that the parents are more influential than the teachers. The first reason is that it helps a student identify himself/herself through the parent‟s role modeling. Secondly, the parent‟s positive influence provides a secure environment for proper developmentof a student. Lastly, the importance of a parents influence on a student can be recognized by the impact it has on society.Unit1.2 Do you think it important to cultivate students’ creativity?I think it is important .The standardization of thinking is the leading factor that kills Chinese innovative thinking. American education focuses on cultivating self-confidence, and Chinese students often lack self-confidence. American students are often arrogant, and Chinese students are often humble. Education in the west is different from ours: it trains students' problem consciousness and critical thinking from primary school. but we often cultivate students' obedience to what the teacher says.Unit1 .3 What are the problems with the educational system of China? Is the system quality-oriented or test-oriented?In China, there are so many problems with the educational system. But the three problems about education must be paid much attention at least. Firstly, the entrance-exam problem, youngsters have to bury themselves in book stacks in order to pass the entrance exam, completely divorced from social reality. Secondly, the quality problem, there is no denying the fact what the students learn in university cannot meet the need of the rapid development society. Finally, the employment problem, as I have said in the above that the quality has declined, so high-education and employment are obviously incompatible. How to solve these problems? In my opinion, the governmentmust relax its unnecessary controls on the universities, and give schoolsfull autonomy to pilot their own reforms. Only in this can we solve the problem of education. In light of this, we can find that the educational system of China is thetest-oriented.Unit1,4What kind of teacher is an ideal one?can you describe a teacher who give you most influences? will you become a teacher when you finish your graduate program?Ideal teachers must be patient and they can express their own meaning clearly. They should have good professional knowledge about the course they teach and they like the course they teach. What‟s more, they can teach students in accordance of their aptitude The teacher is my Chinese teacher when I was in third grade. Sheknew our advantages and disadvantages, and she could praise and criticize us properly.I want to become a college teacher. Because college teachers‟ work has more free time, I can have more time to care for my family.Unit1 ,5Is it necessary for the graduating students to write and defend graduation theses?I think writing and defending graduation theses is necessary. Completing the graduation theses is the basic condition for college students to graduate.At the same time, defending graduation theses can urge the students to write their papers independently. So this is a meaningful learning process and a conclusion of what we have learned during the past four years. It can train and increase the ability to scientific research and cooperate with others. What‟s mo re, it also can improve work efficiency and let us feel the sense of responsibility. It is the key to open the door of our later success.Unit2,1In these days ,job hopping is avery common phenomenon.what are the reasons for the job_hopping?should stay in one career the whole life or change job frequentenly?I think the following factors contributing to people‟s job-hopping. First, when some employees suffer limitation in promotion and there is no space for them to develop, job-hopping becomes common like potluch. Second, some people are different, they are in the habit of job-hopping, for they always pursue what is new and stimulating. Finally, when you stay in one career for a long time, you will lose your interest. In my opinion, we should not change our job frequently. because every job is a chance for us to gain wider experience .And you will lose this opportunity if you change job frequently.If you change youjob,you would have to start all over again from the beginning.So ,you‟dbetter not change your job frequently.Unit2,2Do you want to be a small fish in a big pond or a big fish in a small pond?With the former, you can derive a deep sense of satisfaction from being a member of a well-known organization such as General Motors. You will have the opportunities of learning from experienced executives and knowing about the standard working process. There is no doubt that the experience here will widen your horizon and youwill gain access to the latest information which could help you enhance your competitiveness in your major. With the latter, you will have great responsibilities and your decision may bring immediate effect. Normally, you are exposed to various experiences and expected to do a great many things without much help or guidance. And here I can control more resources than what I can in big company. However, the mechanisms of small company lack of flexibility, which will hinder the people‟s promotion. Personally, I prefer to work in a big enterprise when I was young, because I could get a good position as long as I work hard.Unit 2 ,.3if you are a boss,do you like to recruit experienced people or green hands?If I am a boss,I am inclined to recruit those experienced ones . First of all, I think ,when faced the work , the experienced will be better to understand the process of the job, and complete the work more efficiently . As the saying goes, practice makes perfect. They may have new techniques and methods.Secondly, they know how to communicate and get along with related persons.This is good to fewer conflicts between employees. Finally , the company do not spend too much energy to train them,so they will be able to create value for the company when they entered the company.Unit2,4With the soring house price in big cities,would you still choose to work in first_tier cities upon grauation?No, I would not choose to work in first-tier cities upon graduation, although there are more working opportunities. The reasons are as follow. The first, the house price is so high that I can‟t afford it. The second, comparing with medium-sized cities, the living expenses in first-tier cities is much higher, the pace of life is much faster and the the living surroundings are worse. While in a medium-sized city, the living expenses is suitable, then I can save money. The living surroundings are more comfortable. The most important is that I will have more time with my family and more chances to display my potential. So, I prefer working in a medium-sized city.Unit3.1What are the usual / popular ways of getting refreshed?You can exercise all the time and sweat it out. Or have a good sleep. Listen to some relaxing music and talk to your family.Unit3.2Find out all the reasons why people spend so much time with their computer both atwork and at home.I think there are 3 reasons for the question. First, internet improves our life quality and work efficient. At work, we use computer to deal with files. For example, when we facea large amount of numbers, before the invention of computer, people must use pens, which spend a lot of time, but now we can do it by computer, maybe it just spend a few minutes. At home, we can buy everything through computer.Second, computer enhances the communication of people. At work, especially some international companies, people can talk with foreigners and make business bycomputer. At home, as we all know, parents are often on business trips, they can talk with their children face to face through computers; we can also acquire some latest news in the internet. Third, we use the Internet for entertainment and study, when we are tired, we open the computer, and find out some exciting programs, and then we will be happy. For the study, we can learn English, write thesis and look up data, and so on.That’s all.Unit 3,4what benefits can you derive from doing exercises regularly?Physical exercise can make people healthy. It can help people to postpone aging. exercise is beneficial to the growth of human bones and muscles. Psychologically: exercise has the function of regulating the tension of the human body, and can improve the physiological and psychological state and restore the strength and energy. exercise can improve the health of the body, make the tired body get a positive rest, so that people energetically put into study and work;stretch the body and mind, help to sleep and eliminate the pressure of reading5. What’s your favorite sport? And Why? / “What’s your hobby?As we all become health conscious, we realize the importance of strict and regular physical activity. Why so many people love exercise? Since it has many functions that are good and efficient for us. Firstly, it is good Swimming is a healthy low-lost activity that you can continue throughout you life. Swimming is a low-impact activity that has many physical and mental health benefits. I like swimming best, because swimming can help maintain a healthy weight, healthy hearts and lungs. Plus, its also an ability of surviving.4.11. How does modern technology bring an unprecedented change to people’s lives? The third technical revolution obviously brings an unprecedented change to peoples life. Digital has given rise to a variety of new technology. Factories are more effective with less workers. More and more smart machines are appearing, such as smart robot which can do some dangerous work and housework. The internet brings us a lot of conveniences. We can communicate with other easily no matter how far away from each other. Secondly we can get much information to tell us how interesting the world is. Even we don‟t go out home we can buy what we need on net. And so on. Our life will be better and better with advanced technology, such as clear energy and a better environment.Unite4.2. What can you do with your cell phone in your daily life?Mobile phones are becoming more and more widely used in daily life, not just on the phone. Mobile phones can also be used to watch news, watch programs, play games, pay, shopping online, etc.3. Talk about the merits and demerits of online shopping.1. The development of the Internet market is becoming more and more mature, with rich network resources and various kinds of commodities. The search function is powerful, i.e. the dot is available.2. There are various payment methods in the onlinemarket, which are not limited to bank card payment, cash payment, alipay, etc., and the security level is improved. 3. There is a massive online shopping website with promises of quality assurance, so long as Internet users choose a legitimate and legitimate website to network shopping, it must have benefited a lot. Disadvantages:You can't see the object.Although the goods are not satisfactory, we can refuse to accept them, but there is also a delay in the intangibles.Home delivery is subject to local restrictions and will be charged accordinglyUnit4.5. Can students play videogames? What are the disadvantages of playing video games?Videogames, as a popular way of entertainment, has largely changed our ways to spend our leisure time. But everything has two sides, we should coordinate it well so it can play a good important role in our development.Playing games may provoke our most powerful positive emotions. So as a student, when you are tired with study, you can have a rest by playing it, but not spend much more time on it. Because taking much time on it will play an opposite effect .As your tutor, I also want to tell you, if you are a person who is lacking of master yourself, you'd better not touch it.Unit5,2Why are both doctors and patients expressing their frustration? How can we improve doctor-patient relationship?Doctors always express their frustration because of thestrained relations between patients. Doctors complain that their salary are low and they are overworked in most time. However, patients insist that it is difficult to get a well treatment in hospital. The medicines is so expensive that they cannot afford them. In addition, doctors often take patients as experiment subjects, they prescribe excessivemedicines to patients in order to make money. Takinga look around, one can find numerous examples with ease, such as one doctor killed by his patient in Wenling Zhejiang province not long ago. The problem mentioned above is bound to generate dsevere consequences if we keep turning a blind eye. To my way of thinking, some measures must be taken to solve this problem. For one thing, It is essential that laws and regulations should be worked out and enforced to put an end to this trend, such as government makes some laws to forbid doctor to collect money from patients. For another, patients should aslogive more respect to doctors and coordinate with doctors during surgery. Only in this way, can we make the society more harmoniously.Unit5,3What are the positiv e and negative effects of china’s single child policy?In my view, there are many positive effects o f china’s single child policy. Fist it can reduce the pressure of employment. Because china has much people we cannot find a good job. Second it can do good for the environment. Much water is wasted and the air is polluted as people do not cherish. If people is less and less we will own enough water and air. Everything has two sides. Some negative effects are existed. The military powerwill be weaken. The single children will not understand the importance of sharing. Theywill have few friends and feel lonely. They will have much pressure to support their parents when they grow up.Unit5,4We have entered an age of ageing population. How and who to take good care of the elderly people?Nowadays, we have entered an age of ageing population, and how and who to take good care of the elderly people, which is a hot point that we are talking about resently. Considering the severity of issue, we have no choice but to take effective measure to deal with this problem. In my opinion, not onlythe son or daughterbut also the society have responsibility to take care of the elderly people. On the one hand, undoubtedly, according to some sociologist opinion, the elderly people are more eager to children's love. We are glad to see that the son and daughter should often go back home and make telephone calls to their parents. And they also should give money to their parents. Because they are too old to work, they can‟t make enough money to live. Moreover, when they are sick, they should take care and stay with them. On the other hand , there is no doubt that the government should improve the social welfare system ,raise the retirement age and set up many old people‟s home to guarantee the old people‟s life.So in a word, only in this way this bad situation can be solved.Unit 5 .5Nowadays, a buzzword “urban diseases” is frequently heard.What is meant by that? And what are the causes ang cures for those “illness”?I think “urban diseases” is about that more and more peo ple are flocking to the big cities, which has caused many problems like traffic jams ,environment pollutions and the declining feeling of happiness .such problems are even more serious in Beijing ,shanghai ,Shenzhen .most of the people like to live in the cities because the big city has more work opportunities, exciting life and a sense of urbanite ,besides ,the big city is good for children‟s education. This is what has caused the “ citydiseases ”.I think it is the time that w e should take some measures to handle with those problems. We should establish the proper value on big city .everywhere has its advantages and disadvantages. even the big city has its convenient ,it is also has its demerits. the living expenses is much higher,the pace of life is much faster ,its surroundings are worse and has more traffic congestion.I don’t like live into the big cite .I think the medium city like Qingdao ,Suzhou are very good, it can catch up with the big cities ,has many hot places for investment form both home and aboard ,lots of priority policies to attract talents ,and more chances to display one’s potential .besides, I can have more time to stay with my family .I enjoy the silent life and it can enhance my understanding of life .Unit6 ,1Should we limit the use of private cars in first tier cities to reduce caremissions?Beijing has been limited the private car by limiting its number in some appointed days However, as far as I see it, we should not put a limit on private cars in first-tier cities. First of all, the private car is a symbol of freedom and wealth. The private car has given us a freedom and convenience our ancestors could not dream of. We can travel to relatively remote places that it is hard to reachon foot or public transport rarely goes to. A car enables an individual or a family to travel at any time they wish. With a car there is no need to wait for the bus in the bitterly cold or under the scorching sun. Further more a c ar can serve as a symbol of one’s wealth, which makes him or her proud of his or her accomplishments and glorious past.Secondly, a car can make our work more efficient and life more convenient. Nowadaysmany Chinese can enjoy the comfort and luxury of owning a private car. Having a car of one’s own means no more traveling to work on crowded buses or subway trains; no more waste of time for waiting at the bus stop or train station. With a car one does not have to worry about the possible danger their child suffers when they are elbowing theirway through the crowd, instead they can drop off the children at school on the way to work. In the case of illness, the car takes its owner or other sick person to hospital without any delay. Last but not least, lifting bans on private cars will stimulate the automobile industry, which provides jobs for a large team of workers. Known as a sunrise industry, Chinese automobile industry needs strong and continuous fueling from domestic demand. If more people buy cars, the industry will embrace continued growth, thus contributing more to the national economy. Moreover, its growth will trigger the boom of related industries like iron and steel production and energy. In conclusion, theadvantages of private cars convince us that we should not put a limit on the number of private cars. What we should do at the moment is to perfect the transport infrastructure to ensure private cars to go faster and more safely.Unit6,2How can we strike a balance between economic development and environmental protection in poor areas?In the past thirty years, our country seen great development and thorough changes in the aspects of economy, society and construction. However, some problems, like environmental pollutions, appeared in some regions ,especially in poor areas. Therefore, balancing matual connection between economic improvement and environmental protection should be put on agenda immediately.On one hand, economic progress in some remote zones deserved to be focused on by our wise government and intelligent citizens, who should try their best to help the poor to pursue a better life. On the other hand, it is indeed essential to make a considerate combination between economy and surroundings for a profound and sustainable development, instead of just chase economic productivity and GDP .Only by these two can we help the poor areas to get on the path of getting rich and happy .Unit6 ,3It’s urgent for us to reduced our carbon footprint. What can we do to live a low carbon life?Now more and more people has realized that a low carbon life is related with daily life. we have to take some measures to reduce our carbon footprint. For government, they should take some policy to control the number of privated car. We should plant more trees to make the carbon absorbed. To our common people, we should ride bike or by bus to go to work other than driving privated car. We also should try to avoid using disposable tableware. We should reduce to use free or charge a plastic bag when we are going shopping. We should develop the habit of turning off electrical power to avoid wasting electricity. Trying to reduce to use refrigerators, air conditioners, fans, we can keep cool by using Pushan . Only in this way can we live a low carbon life and can we have a healthy life.Unit6,4 What is white pollution? how to deal with it?The so-called "white pollution" is a kind of appellation that plastic garbage pollutes environment. It is made of all kinds of life plastic products .That has caused urban severe environmental pollution phenomenon. The most polluted of white garbage is thewaste plasticbags. If we continue using plastic lunch boxes, shopping bags and other unrecyclable plastic products what would happen that one day they might bury us in an ocean of white rubbish To prevent this nightmare from coming true, governments need to work closely with each other and back up their verbal commitment by actions. However, it is not enough only to ask the government to get rid of white pollution, We must ask everybody beautification green earth instead of white.Unit 6,5How do you understand the role of forests playing in our planet?As we all know, forests always play an important role. Many scientists even regard the forests as the lungs of our earth. In my opinion ,forests help to clean the air. The plants ,as all kinds of trees ,can absorb most of carbon dioxide and at the same time ,they release the oxygen. It is a good way to plant forests to reduce the greenhouse gas. On the other hand,lacking of the protection of forests, many cities, like Beijing is under the threatening of the sand storm. Without doubts , if we plant more trees in the northwest of China,the environment of Beijing will be much better.All in all, the forests are irreplaceable in our planet.Unit7,1Are Chinese different from people of other cultures in the way of greeting and eating? Because of the different culture, I think we have some of different from other people. Firstly, in China, when two people greet each other we shake hands instead of hugging and kissing. Secondly, Food is a special phenomenon, people having knowledgeofFood from one side of the study of different cultural backgrounds, customs and historical environment by study. Western food culture in this thesis is mainly concerned with the British one due to the fact that its cultural pattern and influence have become dominant in the west, which is generally recognized by the world. Thirdly, Chinese people would like to take the style of “sharing” when they have adinner together, whether at home with family members or outside with friends. But in western food culture Western food culture is characterized by the “separated‟ style because of the great influence of the individualistic orientation. For example, westerners do not take the ts’ai dishes from the public plate, but have separate individual plates.Unit7,2What are some taboos or superstitions you know in Chinese culture and other cultures?What is superstition?A belief, practice, or rite irrationally maintained by ignorance of the laws of nature or by faith in magic or chance. Some Chinese taboos and superstitions: A baby with wide and thick ears will live prosperously. The luckiest number is eight because its pronunciation is like "prosper". The unluckiest number is four as it sounds like the Chinese word to death. A boy,preferably born indragon year, may roll over the newlywed's matrimonial bed, which will bring good luck and a baby boy to the couple.When your upper teethfalls down, you should throw it down. And if your lower teeth falls down, you must throw it overhead, maybe on the roof. When your left eye shocks, it means that something good will happen. Conversely, if your right eye shocks, perhaps you will be unlucky. If so many bad things happen to you recently, you could invite a wizard or witch to help you. Get a table and put some candles on it. Then the "GOD" you invited waves his/her wood sword and say some magic words, afterwards the bad things will get away from you. Some western taboos and superstitions: Jesus Christ died on Friday, while the number 13 is unlucky. The combination of people believe that the unfortunate things will happen that day. Friday and the number 13 represents thebad luck the last two unfortunate individuals together to form super-sad day. Therefore,no matter what the occasion of the 13th month on Friday called "Black." In England, black cats are regarded as lucky.If a black cat crosses your path, you will have good luck all day. But in other western countries, black cats are connected with witches or the devil. A leaning ladder was thought to resemble the gallows and so by walking underneath a ladder, you are playing out your own execution.3. Talk about the western and traditional Chinese wedding ceremonies and tell the differences.Unit7,4A Chinese-American mother who was called as “tiger mom” says American parents lack authority and produce entitled children who aren't forced to live up to their abilities. A Chinese man who is a father of four control every aspect of his children's lives. Ifthey failed to meet his standards, the children would be beaten with a feather duster. That’s why he named as “wolf dad”.What’s more, I don’t believing in “Spare the rod, spoil the child”. Does it mean a true success in parenting when your kids enter a famous university or get straight A at school? And does success equal happiness?Obviously no. A parent who can show a proper way of love will raise the happiest child in the world. The stories of the tiger mom and wolf dad, we can still feel their strong love for their kids. Love cannot exist without encouragement. A parent who never praises her/his child directly denies the easiest way to show love and to teach his/her child to love others. Love does not exclude reasonable criticism and punishment.5. What are some traditional virtues Chinese nation treasures? Are such virtues as filial piety and thrift (节约) still important today。
2012年考研英语真题及答案[1]
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Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettesuncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once statefunding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as[A] a supplement to the social cure[B] a stimulus to group dynamics[C] an obstacle to school progress[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should[A] recruit professional advertisers[B] learn from advertisers’ experience[C] stay away from commercial advertisers[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to[A] adequately probe social and biological factors[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure[C] illustrate the functions of state funding[D]produce a long-lasting social effect24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors[A] is harmful to our networks of friends[B] will mislead behavioral studies[C] occurs without our realizing it[D] can produce negative health habits25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is[A] harmful[B] desirable[C] profound[D] questionableText 2A deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. It’s a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont’s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant’s license be subject to Vermont legislature’s approval. Then, too, the company went along.Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management– especially after thecompany made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a poblic trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclearstation in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the company’s application, it should keep it mind what promises from Entergy are worth.26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line 3.para.1) is closest in meaning to[A] condemning.[B] reaffirming.[C] dishonoring.[D] securing.27. By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended to[A] obtain protection from Vermont regulators.[B] seek favor from the federal legislature.[C] acquire an extension of its business license .[D] get permission to purchase a power plant.28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its[A] managerial practices.[B] technical innovativeness.[C] financial goals.[D] business vision29. In the author’s view, the Vermont case will test[A] Entergy’s capacity to fulfill all its promises.[B] the mature of states’ patchwork regulations.[C] the federal authority over nuclear issues .[D] the limits of states’ power over nuclear issues.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] Entergy’s business elsewhere might be affected.[B] the authority of the NRC will be defied.[C] Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.[D] Vermont’s reputation might be damaged.Text 3In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, andself-deception abound.Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claiminto a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on someaspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim – a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and completeeach other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”31. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its[A] uncertainty and complexity.[B] misconception and deceptiveness.[C] logicality and objectivity.[D] systematicness and regularity.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires[A] strict inspection.[B]shared efforts.[C] individual wisdom.[D]persistent innovation.33.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it[A] has attracted the attention of the general public.[B]has been examined by the scientific community.[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers.[D]has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.34. Albert Szent-Györgyi would most likely agree that[A] scientific claims will survive challenges.[B]discoveries today inspire future research.[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified.[D]scientific work calls for a critical mind.35.Which of the following would be the best title of the test?[A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.[B]Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.Text 4If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’ thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominateleft-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a longway. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes frompublic-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers’ unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists.37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.[B] Education is required for public-sector union membership.[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.38. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is[A] illegally secured.[B] indirectly augmented.[C] excessively increased.[D]fairly adjusted.39. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions[A]often run against the current political system.[B]can change people’s political attitudes.[C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.[D]are dominant in the government.40. John Donahue’s attitude towards the public-sector system is one of[A]disapproval.[B]appreciation.[C]tolerance.[D]indifference.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode ofproduction, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. (42)I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy.(43)For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44) Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.(45)What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.[B] Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much ofthe world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’sgrammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universalsSection III WritingPart A51. Directions:Some internationals students are coming to your university. Write them an email in the name of the Students’ Union to1) extend your welcome and2) provide some suggestions for their campus life here.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address(10 points)Part B52. Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20 points)Section I: Use of English1.B2.A3.B4.D5.C6.B7.D8.B9.A 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.D Section II: Reading ComprehensionPart A21.D 22.B 23.A 24.C 25.D 26.C 27.D 28.A 29.D 30.A 31.A 32.B 33.B 34.D 35.C36.C 37.D 38.B 39.C 40.APart B41. C 42.D 43. A 44.F 45.GPart C46. 物理学中的一个理论把这种归一的冲动发挥到了极致，它探寻一种万有理论——一个关于我们能看到的一切的生成方程式。
2012研究生学位英语考试 体院版
听力B) He thinks he can learn skills from hobbiesC) Stephen learns to be systematic from his hobby.D) Roy‟s real interest in fishing is sitting alone and doing nothing.B) The farmer has held on to his hobby even though he met with great difficulties.D) She thinks every addiction is as bad as the other.A) Husband and wifeD) A vacation is even more exhaustingD) The woman is packing for her bus tourB) The bus was too worn out and uncomfortableD) He is a job interviewA) He suggests the woman keep trying until she gets it right.B) To receive assistance from the teacherD) He wants to keep learning all his lifeC) The man‟s idea is not feasible at allA) The woman is unhappy about too many advertisements on TVC) He is interested in the history of cities shown in picturesD) It is about personality evident in an individual‟s gesturesA) The man is a BrazilianA) He wants to make his body stronger.A) She didn't go to the party yesterdayC) The engine started as soon as they got on the planeC) Jason can take the test on another day.C) Cheer up and you would be able to get a job soonD) He was criticized by the woman‟s mother all the wayD) How to protect water and trees in natureC) It is a good idea for people to make voluntary contributionsB) Louisiana tornado killed 50 peopleC) He feels it necessary to use animals in medical researchesD) The two speakers have different opinions about the biggest pollution problemA) Michael Jordan is both a person‟s name and a trademarkB) He is a successful businessmanA) He succeeded quickly by working hardC) Yao Ming‟s team should not have lost in the first roundA) A way to keep energetic in life.填空Outrageous shopping bills are a familiar nightmare for many compulsive shoppers．And contrary to the popular opinion，men suffer that nightmare nearly as often as women．A new survey finds that both genders are almost equally likely to suffer compulsive buying disorder, a condition marked by uncontrollable, unnecessary and unaffordable shopping sprees.Researchers used to estimate that between 2 and 16 percent of the US population suffered compulsive buying disorder, and that 90 percent of sufferers were female. But a 2004 telephone survey of more than 2,500 American adults found that 6 percent of women and about 5.5 percent of men are compulsive shoppers; that's more than 1 in 20 adults.The sexes do not shop at the same aisles though. Experts say that women are more likely to binge buy things like clothes or gilts for other people, while men tend to buy expensive electronics. This survey is the first to find such a high number of compulsive shoppers in the general population.Study authors hope that this finding can convince doctors of how many people are hurt by the disorder, so they can make finding a cure a priority. I'm Bill Blakemore in New York.Reporter: In Vail, Arizona, a new school with a new idea: no textbooks. White other students might be reading books, Empire students will read on their laptops. Jeremy Gypton, a history teacher at Empire High School in Vail, Ar izona. Mr. Gypton, tell us about the assignment that you've already given, that might otherwise have involved a textbook, but i n this case involves a computer.Mr. Gypton: Well, with the, with history I try to use as many primary source documents as possible. I actually just recently had my students, studying...myAmerican History students, studying the French-Indian War and its impact. And that sort of document is just not available in a traditional textbook, 1 would have to say, "Go online or go to a library and find a copy", whereas with the laptops and with the resources they're using, they have immediate access to it.Reporter:What's the point here? Is it to get Io primary sources or is it to use a medium that youngsters today are more familiar with? How do you, how do you describe what you arc doing'?Mr. Gypton: When it comes to our, I guess, our reasoning, these are the students who've grown up with the computer, with the Internet, er, as, as kind of organic to their environment. It's not an add-on, like it, like it was to me. And this is normal for them. And so, limiting them, by like sort of a traditional, maybe thousand page textbook is, from their perspective, I think a little bit abnormal, because they are used to being able to reach out, and view one topic from 20 different angles, as opposed to just the one angle that a textbook would present.Reporter: Jeremy Gypton, thank you very much for talking with you.Mr. Gipson: Thanks so much for your time.Beijing Opera is largely seen as a dying art in China. Louisa Lira wants to introduce us to an unlikely new champion for Chinese opera. He's a British man who has devoted more than a decade to bringing Chinese opera to new audiences.Ghaffar: And I saw a Beijing Opera in London in 1993. And that just shocked me. It really moved me.Louisa: Ghaffar Pourazar is British, born to Iranian Azeri parents. At the age of 32, he gave up his life as a computer animator and enrolled in a Beijing Opera school, drawn by the difficulty of mastering this art form.Ghaffar: And there is no other culture which has put that much discipline into training the perfect performer. That is what the Beijing Opera is about, the perfect performer.Louisa: On stage, the actors not only act, they sing and dance at the same time as performing heart-stopping feats of aerobatics and sword fighting. Once the show begins, it's clear that Pourazar has taken a Chinese classic and made it his own. The cast is partly non-Chinese. And there's a lot of explanation in English. The story is the much-loved legend of the Monkey King, a mischievous monkey ham from a stone, who learns supernatural skills and uses them to challenge the emperor of heaven. Pourazar is the multilingual monkey. Ghaffar: It's within the rules of the art form that you perform for that audience. What I have done is, by taking it to London, to change the spoken parts into English. And that's, that's within the rules of the opera.(Singing)Louisa: That even means adding a bit of comedy rap opera to the mix.Louisa: And this hybrid bilingual opera wins good reviews from both Western and Chinese audience members.A Man: And that's really Chinese stuff, expressing the more acceptable way. So it'll be more popular.Louisa: But the popularity of Beijing Opera is fading fast, with young Chinese audiences turning to karaoke, DVDs and the Internet. Much to Pourazar's sorrow.Thank you very, very much.Well, I just have to start with a challenge to the President: Sir, I have seen your train goby, and I think I can beat it.I'll even give you a head start.And over the last few years we have heard a lot about something called "family values". And like many of you, I have struggled to figure out what that means. And since my accident, I've found a definition that seems to make sense. I think it means that we‟re all family. And that we all have value.Now, if that's true, if America really is a family, then we have to recognize that many members of our family are hurting. And just to take one aspect of it, one in five of us has some kind of disability. You may have an aunt with Parkinson's disease, a neighbor with a spinal cord injury, or a brother with AIDS, and if we're really committed to this idea of family, we've got to do something about it.Now first of all, our nation cannot tolerate discrimination of any kind. And that's why theAmericans with Disabilities Act is so important..It must be honored everywhere. It is a Civil Rights Law that is tearing down barriers, both in architecture and in attitude.Its purpose its purpose is to give the disabled access not only to buildings but to every opportunity in society. Now, I strongly believe our nation must give its full support to the caregivers who are helping people with disabilities live independent lives.Damage from acid rain is widespread not just in eastern North America, but throughout Europe, Japan, China, and Southeast Asia. Is the rain that's falling on your umbrella acidic? A listener's question on today's "Earth and Sky".JB: This is "Earth and Sky". with a question from Sandra Renee of Olive Hill, Kentucky. She asks, "How do you know when it rains that it's not acid rain, and what exactly acid rain'?"DB: Sandra, you need a pH meter to reliably measure the acidity of rain or snow. But in certain parts of the US--especially in the Northeast--you can probably assume that most rain will be at least somewhat acidic. Westerly winds move pollutants eastward, so the eastern US gets more acid rain.JB: Acid rain happens when airborne acids fail down to earth in rain. Electrical utility plants plaints that bum fossil fuels emit chemicals into the atmosphere that react with water and other chemicals in the air to form sulfuric acid, nitric acid--the "acid" in acid rain You don't have to live next door to a power plant to get showered by acid rain. The~ acid pollutants reach high into the atmosphere and can travel with wind currents for hundreds of kilometers.DB: The acids in acid rain are corrosive chemicals that leach nutrients from the soil slow the growth of trees, poison lakes and combine with other chemicals to form urban smog. The simplest way to curtail acid rain is to use less energy from fossil fuels.JB: Special thanks today to the Camille & Henry Dreyfus Foundation, a private foundation dedicated to advancing research and education in the chemical sciences. We're Block Byrd for "Earth and Sky".翻译[1] I don't think that there is anything massively disruptive about this shifting sense of community. The continuing search for c onnection and shared enterprise is very human.But I do feel uncomfortable with our shifting identity. The balance has tipped, and we seem increasingly dependent on work for our sense of self.我并不认为这种社区概念的变迁会造成大面积的混乱，这种对联系和公共理想的不断追寻充满了人性。
2012英语口语考试答案
口语考试题目：1.What do you think university students can do to manage their time thebest?As a university student, we should not only learn many theory courses in class but also should join in many outdoor activities to strengthen our ability of practice. First of all,we should have a clear goal in mind.Because only we do have a plan in mind then we can do our things orderly and efficiently.then,we should do our things properly according to the impotance of your routes.And there is no doubt that the most important thing for our university students is to do our study well.Then we can join in clubs or students union according to our own interest.2.What is the most important achievement for Chinese people in hosting2008 Olympic Games? Why?Different social roles has its own expectations, are made from their own social roles in which the requirements of the Olympic Games or claim, expect to achieve their goals. Therefore, certain social roles is the biggest harvest of results, not necessarily the largest role in some social gains. People always maximize their own interests to identify, evaluate the results of events, "the greatest harvest" is difficult to form a unified understanding.But in my heart the people of Beijing Olympic Games has left the world a dynamic, reform and opening up, ethnic harmony and peaceful development of the national image, leaving a healthy and promising,hospitality, civility, politeness, dedicated national image and win the world people today agree that China's development, and this is one of the greatest achievements of the Chinese3.Please list the advantages and disadvantages of marrying aforeigner.I think the advantage is that foreigners in general quality of the high points, but they are more adept at communicating, not because a small or a small misunderstanding and quarrel. Furthermore, a very practical thing that the legal rights of residence in foreign countries. Others have included medical, health, insurance, welfare advantages are more attractive.With your disadvantages of different cultures, so when the inevitable communication barriers Furthermore you are not familiar with the environment of foreign countries, if they lose them you will feel a loss. Finally, the case of children and their parents should also be a big problem.4. Should romantic relation among university students be encouraged? Why or why not?As to the love of university students,I stay neutral on this problem.On one hand ,almost all of our college students are adults so we have the freedom to try our romance life. As we all know,love is an important part of oneperson’s life ,it’s not a bad thing for us to experience what is love.what’s more,if we could deal with our love in a good way.It is possible that love can be good for our study.While,on the other hand if we want to fall in love with somebody for we feel lonely or envy others’ love.Then I think it’s unnecessary for us to begin it.In my opinion ,we won’t lose the feeling of lonely for we have a girlfriend or boyfriend.5. How can parents and children improve their mutual（相互）understanding?With the development of modern technology,the space where we live is becoming smaller and smaller.But at the same time,the distance between our heart is becoming bigger and bigger in one way.For example,the problem of mutual understanding between children and parents.To improve their mutual understanding,I think ,firstly,parents should change their attitude towards children,they should respect children and treat them as a person who have the same personality as an adult.Then our parents should have a right outlook on life.They shouldn’t put pressure on children that they must get full marks in all examinations.Off course children should understanding their parents in many occasions.After all,they are not people who are born in the same age,so it is normal that they have many different values on many things.But we could enhance the understanding.6. Is there any connection between names and personalities? Pleaseillustrate.I think people’s names have great thing to do with their personalities.For example,if someone’s name sounds very expansive,then he maybe look very sunshine and passionate.And he can be outgoing.Another example is that if one person’s name is the same with a celebrity or and a very successful man,then his personality may like that person in some ways. 7. What are some of the constructive methods people use to deal with stress?As far as I am concerned,firstly, look inside. Try to figure out what is causing you to worry. Be specific. Then writing in a journal or talk to a friend about it can help you comfort your feeling. Secondly, analyze your situation. Find out what part of the situation is under your control. Access the problem to see whether the threat is real and whether you should worry about it. Maybe the problem is just a hypothetical situation. There are some other ways to relieve your stress, such as singing, shouting, dancing, and all other kinds of activities that you like doing. These can move your attention and reduce the anxiety.8.Please list the major factors that people usually consider in choosing a career and order them from the most important to the least.First, it must be because the work itself interests you, you love this work brings life to your lifestyle and the state;Next, choose a job, depending on the job can bring you added value, not just remuneration. To be really protected, can not rely on saving money, but increase the ability to rely on reserves. If you increase the reserve capacity, even if you want to leave you because of various changes in his job and the company is located, you can also find a new job immediately and continue in a new environment to protect their lives.Finally, you choose to take, "with whom to do. " Have the same values and work with people more likely to reach a tacit understanding and consensus, will work to become pleasant and relaxing, a lot less communication barriers. As a result, work efficiency and work quality will be greatly enhanced.9. What can society do to help the disabled?first of allI will teach them how to live by themselves .such as…..secondly be friendly to them and give my hand to them whenever neededand help them awake the courage to live happily .such as….thirdly communicate with them on scheduals and find out what they need most .such as…..10. What does war teach us? What can be done to avoid war?War tells us that fire will only lead to bloodshed and sorrow. We should learn to respect and to cherish, the world's most important is peace.To avoid war, the best way is to strengthen its own defense, asotherwise it will be like Iraq. The second is to increase their economy and raise national income, is to enhance the military power to promote economic. Third, to establish good diplomatic relations, so manycountries as possible Increase the contact between the economic,cultural and other aspects of more exchanges. But do not take theinitiative to challenge other countries to respect his country's cultural and religious beliefs, and strive to maintain world peace.。
2013英语口试题目
2012级研究生英语口试题目1.What are the features of academic writing? In what way is academic writing different from ordinary English?2. What is the challenge of writing a good abstract?3. What are some challenges when giving a presentation of your research?4. If you are invited to speak at a conference but can not attend how would you turn down the invitation?5. How can you judge whether the text you find on line is reliable?6. What is culture shock? What causes culture shock? How to overcome it?7. How can you remain true to your own culture while respecting others? And how can you balance the two?8. What gifts should we avoid giving to American people? Why?9. What should an applicant pay attention to when writing a job application letter in English?10. Discuss with your parter about the importance and functions of cross-cultural communication,esp. in the international academic communication.11. Suppose you are going to act as the speaker in a simulated plenary session, you are not surehow to react to embarrassing questions and how to respond to questions to which you donot know the answers, ask your partner’s opinions since he/ she has some experience in this respect.12. You and your partner are invited to have dinner at your foreign teacher’s home, you twodiscuss the relevant table manners so as to be polite and be respectful to your teacher and his family.13. What do you think are the appropriate and inappropriate topics when you talk with a foreigner?Why?14. Suppose you want to write a personal statement, but you have no idea how to do it exactly.Discuss with your partner about the contents, format, organization and tips of writing a proper personal statement.15.What are some of the differences between writing a letter in English and writing a letter inChinese?。
(完整版)研究生复试英语口语题目及答案
1、Where is your hometown?Please tell us something about your hometown.My hometown is Henan Dengfeng, which is famous for Shanlin Temple and Song Mountain. It lies in the southeast of Zhengzhou and is surrounded by mountains. With a long history, there are many places of interests, such as Shaolin Temple, Song Mountain, Zhongyue Temple and Songyang Academy and so on. If you are free, welcome to my hometown and I’m glad to be your guide to show you the beautiful scenery.2、When and where did you graduate?What impressed you most when you were at university?I graduated from Xinyang normal university HuaRui college in 2010.I was most impressed by the knowledge and skills of my teachers. For example, they had rich experience in the working environment and could tell us exactly what we would come across when working. Secondly, I was impressed by the facilities. For example, we had a large library, well-equipped laboratories, and sporting facilities at our disposal.3、What’s your job?What kind of job do you like?I’m a teacher in Dengfeng municipal party committee party school . I like my current job very much,although I am always busy and tired.As we know,teacher is a job which will take us alot of energy to do well in this job.At the same time,it is also a challenge for me. I like to do something which is full of challenge.So, I think it will be a good job for me .4、How many people are there in your family?Could you please tell us something about your family?There are five members in my family: my parents, my elder sister, my brother and me. My father is an ordinary clerk in a company. He often goes out on business and therefore, most of the housework is done by my industrious mom. My elder sister has got married and leads a happy life.My brother is still studying in school.Climbing the mountain at weekends is our common interest. The fresh air and natural beauty can help us get rid of tiredness and strengthen the gamily ties. During my preparation for this interview, my parents’love and support have always been my power and I hope in the future I will be able to repay them.5、If we accept you,do you have any plan to study?First, I hope I can form a systematic view of my field and get a complete comprehension of the formation and development as well as its future prospect. Second, I will combine my study with my work and try my best to find my research direction and eventually accomplish an excellent and valuable paper. In aword, I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years’study here.6、What is your major?How do you like your major?As an undergraduate, I major in Computer Science, specially in the field of the information management and information system, which a rather promising major with a bright future for seeking a job. I like my major, although it is a major mostly favored by boys. I hope to be more independent and self-reliant through a systematic learning of my major.7、What is you favorite sport?Why?My favourite sport is badminton. The reason I like it is that it makes me realize the importance of co-operation and competition. If you want to have a good performance, you’d better learn to co-operate with your partner and try to compete against each other.So, it not only builds up my body but also teaches me a lesson about life.8、Could you please tell us some positive effects of Internet? With the development of science and technology, the Internet is becoming more and more important in our daily life.Firstly, it makes it easier to communicate with our friends no matter how far away they are.Secondly, it offers us an easy and quick way to search information.With the touch of a button or the click of amouse, we can get all kinds of information from current affairs and weather forecast to travel guide and academic research.Thirdly, it brings great convenience to our daily life. For example, we can go shopping online, which is time-saving and energy-saving.9、How do you spend your spare time?In my spare time,I can read some books that I am interested in as well as watch some TV programs. If the weather is fine, I would like to go outdoors to do some sports. Also sometimes I will go shopping with my mother or visit some places with my family.If I feel tired,I will just sleep in bed all day long!。
2012年12月研究生英语学位课统考真题
20##12月研究生英语学位课统考真题〔A 卷〕GENRAL ENGLISH QUALIFYING TEST FOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR GRADUATE STUDENTS考试注意事项一、本考试有两份试卷组成：试卷一〔Paper one〕包括听力理解、词汇、完型填空与阅读理解四部分,共80题,按顺序统一编号；试卷二〔Paper two〕包括翻译和写作两部分,共三题.此外,试卷分A、B卷,请考生注意在答题卡上标出自己的试卷类型.二、试卷一〔题号1-80〕为客观评分题〔听力Section C 部分除外〕,答案一律用2B铅笔做在机读卡答题纸上,在对应题号下所选的字母中间画黑道,如 [A][B][C][D].三、试卷二为主观评分题,答案做在ANSWER SHEEII上.答题前,请仔细阅读试卷二的注意事项.四、试卷一、试卷二上均不得作任何记号〔听力Section C部分除外〕,答案一律写在答题纸上,否则无效.五、本考试全部时间为150分钟,采用试卷一盒试卷二分卷计时的办法.试卷一考试时间为90分钟,听力理解部分以放完录音带为准,大约25分钟；其余部分共计时65分钟,每部分所占时间均标在试卷上,考生可自行掌握.试卷二共计时60分钟,每部分所占时间均标在试卷上,考生可自行掌握.六、试卷一与试卷二采取分别收卷的办法.每次终了时间一到,考生一律停笔,等候监考老师收点试卷与答题纸.全部考试结束后,须待监考老师将全部试卷与答题纸收点无误并宣布本次考试结束,方可离开考场.PAPER ONEPart I Listening Comprehension <25miniutes, 20 points> Section A <1point each>Directions:In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. His arms. B. His legs. C. His head. D. His should2. A. Bennie is travelling to San Francisco by air.B. Bennie is very happy about the promotion.C. Bennie has quit a well-paid job.D. Bennie enjoys working in the office.3. A. At 1:45. B. At 2:15. C. At 2:30. D. At 2:45.4. A. Jeffrey is not a good helping hand.B. Jeffrey is too young to start a new career.C. They agree with each other on many things.D. They really dislike each other.C.5. A. A SUV. B. A sport car. C. A minivan. D. A cargo truck.6. A. Because the lab was really a mess.B. Because the boss was too strict.C. Because the driver was absent-minded.D. Because someone in the group was manipulative.7. A. Jessica didn’t want the job anyway.B. Jessica herself is to blame.C. Jessica should stop her dog from barking.D. Jessica had something in the tree.8. A. At a restaurant. B. At the airport.C. At a service station.D. At a café.9. A. She has been busy with Biochemistry.B. She hasn’t got a partner yet.C. She prefers Microbiology to Biochemistry.D. She has to drop the lab class.Section B <I point each>Directions: In this section, you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you ONLY ONCE. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Mini-talk one10 A. Organizing campus activities.B. Taking visitors to various colleges.C. Offering information on American colleges.D. Advising on which university to attend.11. A. Admission requirements. B. Sports programs.C. International database. C. Virtual campus tours.12. A. Because they found many related websites lacking visual materials.B. Because they wanted to compete with the tradition of a personal visit.C. Because they intended to choose their ideal colleges.D. Because they couldn’t contact a school directly.Mini-talk two13. A. More than 57 million dollars. B. More than 75 million dollars.C. About 550 million dollars.D. More than 15 billion dollars.14. A. Lights and windows.B. Restrooms and elevator equipment.C. Office conditions and environment.D. Lease rates and payment.15. A. An investment association will be set up.B. The building will be illuminated by green lights.C. The occupants will get into trouble.D. The cost of office space will double.Section C <1point each>Directions: In this section, you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording TWICE. After the recording you are asked to write down your answers on the answer sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below.〔请在录音结束后把第16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上〕16. Post-holiday syndrome is a commonly used term which depicts the_____________ <2words>occurring after the winter holidays and festival season.17. Expecting to ___________________ <4 words>is a way of telling yourselfthat this is a normal feeling.18. Lift your spirits by continuing to _______________ <3words> friends andfamily, and getting out and about to do activities.19. Choose activities that meet your __________________ <3words>, and thatyou know will give you a thrill.20. Once you’re ___________________ <2 words>planning and doing, you’ll be too busy to worry.Part II Vocabulary <10 minutes, 10 points>Section A <0.5 point each>Directions: In this section, there are teen questions. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked by A, B, C, and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet21. These findings run counter to the belief that alcohol stands in the way ofanalytical thinking.A. spursB. hindersC. triggersD. accompanies22. As in the rest of the continent, South Africa still has to contend withoverwhelming poverty.A. suffer fromB. bring aboutC. invest inD. fight against23. The operation was a success and he had excellent prospects for a fullrecovery.A. thoughtsB. outputsC. oddsD. ambitions24. Destiny is defined by individuals keen to imagine a future that isdifferent from the reality.A. eagerB. unwillingC. sharpD. quick25. My mother keeps reminding me to stick to my principles and remain honestin whatever I do.A. adhere toB. set aboutC. insist onD. come upon26. There is nothing worse than a boss who gives implicit instructions andthen gets disappointed by the work you give in.A. explicitB. ambiguousC. considerableD. coherent27. About three years into this job, these migrant labors came to accept theharsh facts in time.A. punctuallyB. immediatelyC. originallyD. eventually28. An aircraft is equipped with a sophisticated electronic system for the sakeof safety.A. highly-developedB.newly-developed C.well-meantD. long-lived29. This trip offers an opportunity to enjoy the profound silence of the deep,unaltered desert.A. dramaticB. importantC. completeD. distant30. All Fire Police Officers are sworn officers of the law and should displaya <n> badge of authority when on duty.A. multitudeB. tokenC. airD. degree Section B <0.5 point each>Directions: In this section, there are teen questions. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked by A,B,C, and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet31. Eight badminton players were charges with trying to ________ the outcomeof preliminary matches.A. dominateB. manipulateC. eliminateD. simulate32. In the beginning, few people were ________ Barack Obama to make asignificant impact in the race.A. counting onB. turning outC. proceeding toD. conforming to33. Self-esteem is the ability to be ________ of one’s own abilities, talent,worth and value.A. ensuredB. insuredC. assuredD. treasured34. Children of parents who do not go to university are probably more reluctantto ________ secondary education than those who did.A. put inB. fill inC. check inD. enroll in35. Learning something new is after all, what scientific experiments are all____.A. aboutB. againstC. towardsD. around36. A large –scale wildfire broke out that forced the ________ of 2,000 peoplejust west of Madrid.A. speculationB. successionC. evaluationD. interrogation37. Intellectually brilliant students from this high school are most ________ tobe admitted to elite universities.A. probableB. likelyC. possibleD. liable38. Her right hand occasionally ________ from singing her name so manytimes.A. yelledB. propelledC. compelledD. swelled39. Artists should cultivate their own ________ style rather than alwaysimitating others.A. singleB. individualC. privateD. separate40. The key to efficient reading is the ability to judge the writer’s position________ the information he is presenting.A. in spite ofB. in relation toC. in place ofD. in support of Part III Close Test <10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each> Directions: In this section, there are teen questions. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked by A, B,C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you’ve chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer SheetE-commerce has revolutionized the way business is done in today’smarket. However, customers are at ___41__ of purchasing false products or poor quality items. Many ___42___ the distance between customers and send the wrong goods and lure clients to buy goods recommended as great ___43___, but when customers receive these items, they find themselves falling into traps.Many dangers, __44__ by the obscurity of e-commerce, involve the products and the electronic transaction. From the buyer’s __45__, dangers include purchasing products not measuring __46__ what was previously advertised in the website. Another risk is identity theft. Since electronic transactions are needed to complete the purchase, hackers may acquire __47__ information about the user to make other purchase.There are still honest businesses that sell their products and services but gain a very small profit by __48__the prices of their products because they have a lot of competition in the Internet. That is __49__ one of the hazards of e-commerce that should be considered is the bankruptcy of businesses since profits is low if they need __50__ their goods as cheaply as possible.41. A. time B. random C. sight D. risk42. A. take advantage of B. cast doubt onC. give rise toD. go ahead with43. A. deceptions B. bargains C. opportunities D. advertisements44. A. managed B. created C. prevented D. led45. A. prospect B. aspect C. respect D. perspective46. A. as to B. prior to C. up to D. next to47. A. confidential B. superficial C. potential D. initial48. A. raising B. disqualifying C. exaggerating D. minimizing49. A. how B. because C. why D. where50. A. selling B. to sell C. sell D. soldPART IV Reading Comprehension <45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each> Directions:In this section, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices marked by A,B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letterwith a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer SheetPassage OneOne of the areas in which people tend to have ideas that don’t make sense is that of rights. For example, many Americans believe that our rights, described in the declaration of Independence and the constitution, drive fromthe god or from the very nature of being human, including the individual right to bear arms. Yet people in most law-governed democracies other than the United States do not have an individual right to bear arms. How, then, can the right to bear arms derive from god? Is this a special right that can be created by the people via government?It is claimed that we can trace the right to be armed to legal and political events in 17th century English history, this time relating to hunting and gaming laws. How does a fundamental natural right lie sleeping throughout the first 6,000 years of recorded history, only to wake to full flower due to conflicts over gaming laws in Restoration England? In the mid-1980s, the idea that people have a right to have consensual sex with partners of any gender was pronounced "joking inappropriately〞by the Supreme Court; 25 yeas later it feels like an obvious, natural outgrowth of the Bill of Rights. If rights evolve this way through the dialectics of culture and history, just how "natural〞can they be?Such are the idle thoughts that occur in the wake of America’s latest episode of horrifying, meaningless mass slaughter. A large segment of the American public these days apparently finds it offensive to talk about gun control after these sorts of cruelty occur. As economist Mr. Wolfers said: "Let’s not talk about gun control. It’s too early, right? It’s always too early. Except when it’s too late.〞Mr. Wolfer is right: the "too early〞construction is ridiculous. The only thing that is certain now is that gun control is uncertain in American. It’s never going to happen. There are too many guns out there, and an individual right to bear arms is now established in constitutional law. So this is just what one of America’s many faces is going to be: a bitterly divided, hatefully cynical country where insane people have easy access to semiautomatic weapons and occasionally use them to commit crime. We will continue to see more and more of this sort of thing, and there’s nothing we can realistically do about it.51. The author begins by arguing that Americans’ right to bear arms?A. is stipulated in the constitutionB. has been created by individualsC. has nothing to do with GodD. is not to be doubted52. The Supreme Court is mentioned in paragraph 2 to _________.A. confirm the validity of gun ownership by individualsB. argue that the right to bear arms is by no means naturalC. prove that gun ownership has been approved by the CourtD. describe the process of legislation on gun ownership53. The expression "in the wake of〞used in the third paragraph probablymeans "________.〞A. but forB. totally withoutC. soon afterD. just before54. It seems to Mr. Wolfers that gun control is ________.A. really too early to startB. actually offensiveC. not necessary nowD. already too late55. It seems to the author that gun control in America is ________.A. impossibleB. unconstitutionalC. time-consumingD. stupid56. Which of the following might be an appropriate title for this passage?A. Gun Control Is EasyB. Gun Ownership Is LegalC. Gun Control, Too LateD. No Need to Control Guns Passage twoThe English-speaking world does not look kindly on straw. Grasping at straws, straw-man arguments, the last straws and the straws that break so many camels’ backs all demonstrate that. There is also a tale that straw is the worst material from which to build a house, particularly if you are a pig with a hungry wolf around. So the cards were stacked against Warren Brush when local officials learned that he had several buildings made of straw bales on his hand.They have tried to fine him. A lot. But the case is still unresolved. The problem is that California’s building codes make no provision for the use of straw. And Mr. Brush has many defenders －among them several university scientists and David Eisenberg, the chairman of the United States Green Building Council’s code committee. They would like to see the prejudice against straw houses eliminated, for straw is, in many ways, an ideal building material.It is, for one thing, a great insulator. That keeps down the heating bills in houses made from it. It is also a waste product that would otherwise be burned, and is therefore cheap. And －very much to the point in a place like California －it is earthquake-resistant. Last year a test conducted at the University of Nevada showed that straw-bale constructions could withstand twice the amount of ground motion recorded in the Northridge earthquake that hit Los Angeles in 1994.California, of course, is already thoroughly earthquake-proofed. But straw buildings might o well in quake-prone places that are less wealthy. After a strong earthquake struck Pakistan in 2005, Darcy Donovan, a structural engineer, from Truckee, California, set up a not-for-profit straw-bale-construction operation that has since built 17 houses there.There are, as it were, other straws in the wind: a post office in suburban Albuquerque, a Quaker school in Maryland, an office complex in suburban Los Angeles and an urban-renewal project in Binghamton, New York, have all been built from straw. Even California is having a rethink, and may change its rules to accommodate straw-bale constructions. As Mr. Eisenberg observes, "the lesson of the Three Little Pigs isn’t to avoid straw.It’s that you don’t let a pig build your house.〞57. By "the cards were stacked against Warren Brush〞, the author meansthat Brush ________.A. received punishmentB. made a breakthroughC. might be highly praisedD. would be in trouble58. David Eisenberg is mentioned ________.A. for the purpose of supporting Warren BrushB. as a representative of official opinionsC. to provide evidence against straw housesD. to show the importance of the building codes59. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A. the structure of straw housesB. the possibility of building straw housesC. the advantages of straw housesD. the tips of building straw houses60 Which aspect of straw is emphasized in paragraph 4?A. It is abundant in nature.B. It is rather inexpensive.C. It is a great insulator.D. It is easy to transport.61. It can be learned from the last paragraph that California ________.A. will fine Warren Brush as plannedB. will reduce the fine on Warren BrushC. may lift the fine on Warren BrushD. may consider a bigger fine on Warren Brush62. The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to ________.A. trace the evolution of straw housesB. explain how to build a house with strawC. highlight the prejudice against straw housesD. argue that straw can be used to build housesPassage ThreeI was talking with a senior Public Relations manager the other day about The Game Trainers and he expressed much skepticism about both thepossibility and value of getting senior professionals to play games."These are serious people with serious jobs, and they are not going to waste time running around like school children,〞he told me. This statement highlighted many of his assumptions. It also provided me with a golden opportunity to talk about how these "serious people with serious jobs〞could actually learn something about themselves, their company, and their business opportunities by allowing creativity to flow more freely through "games〞.His position is not uncommon and it comes from a deep seated misunderstanding of what a "game〞is and what it is for, as well as a set notion of what "work〞must look like for it to be considered of value. It’s not a coincidence that the most successful companies of the last decade, including Apple and Google, were all started by college students, and perhaps as a consequence have a spirit of fun, creativity and innovation. Their success has not been achieved through a cubicle work environment, strict hierarchy, dull meetings and a 9 to 5 work structure. Instead, they have flowing and flexible work spaces, a culture of collaboration, and opportunities for creativity.So where does the line between "work〞and "game〞occur? Well maybe there isn’t one, or at least maybe there shouldn’t be one. So is all this just a matter of perception? Well, yes or no. the starting point in allowing creativity to flow freely is to accept that the line between business and play is blurred, or at best non-existent. Only then is it possible to create the opportunity and appropriate environment for individuals and groups to play the game <or work> as well as they possibly can.The Game Trainers support this innovative and highly productive approach to work by creating games and group exercises to develop awareness and insight of issues, as well developing games to integrate into the working environment. And so, I said to the PR man, it’s a good thing that they are "serious people with serious jobs〞, because we also are extremely serious about play, and in today’s environment they simply cannot afford not to play games.63. What does the PR manager think of the author’s proposal of playinggames?A. It is probably nonsense.B. It is against the rule.C. It would be beneficial.D. It is worth a try.64. The author suggests that the PR manager’s position on games _________.A. is hard to understand in today’s worldB. represents a common misunderstandingC. is based on scientifically proven conceptsD. allows for greater work efficiency65. The examples of Apple and Google show that ________.A. games should be separated from workB. it helps to combine work with gamesC. work and games can be clearly definedD. no work can be done well without games66. What is the topic of paragraph 4?A. How to draw a line between work and game?B. What is the line between work and game/C. Should there be a line between work and game?D. Why is there a line between work and game?67. "The Game Trainers〞is probably a ________.A. computer gameB. search engineC. research systemD. game developer68. In the passage the author ________.A. encourage people to work more creativelyB. describes how to balance work with lifeC. promotes an innovative approach to workD. analyzes why it is important to enjoy workPassage Four"A robot can’t replace me,〞Andy Richter complained loudly but in good fun, facing the prospect of losing his job to the Jeopardy!-wining IBM’s Watson computer. "A robot can’t do the things a human can do, I mean, can he love, can he feel?〞Well, no. but some folks are asking similar questions about computers such as Watson taking their jobs someday. "After all, if a machine can beat humans at Jeopardy, will computers soon be competing with people for knowledge-based jobs?〞asks Martin Ford, author of The Lights in the Tunnel in a Fortune magazine article. "If IBM’s hopes for the technology are realized, workers may, in fact, have cause for concern.〞Ford and others argue that computers and robots such as Watson have the potential to replace not only assembly-line jobs, such as the manufacturing positions that dropped nationwide by one-third over the last decade, but the "knowledge worker〞jobs of the modern economy, such as radiologists and lawyers. "Many of these people will be highly educated professionals who had previously assumed that they were, because of their skills and advancededucations, beneficiaries of the trend toward an increasingly technological and globalized world,〞Ford argues in his book.But CornellUniversity sociologist Trevor Pinch says that warnings about artificial intelligence taking over have missed essential shortcomings of computers for decades. "I would call them friendly monsters,〞he says, rather than job-killing ones. "Computers can never experience the things that make us uniquely human, they have never been delayed at O’Hare airport long enough to walk around the memorial to Gen. O’Hare, and have that memory stuck in your brain.〞Underneath the exaggerated publicity, the human brain far outperforms computers, and not just in raw calculating power, says information scholar Martin Hilbert of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. All of the computers in the world taken together possess the computational power of, in all, 62 human brains, he says, based on findings his team reported this month in Science. There are about six billion people alive today.And they, if things turn out as bad as Ford suggests, there is always the solution that Andy Richter settled on －beating anything that resembles the job-threatening Watson with a baseball bat. Let’s hope it doesn’t come down to that.69. We can learn that Jeopardy! is ________.A. a newly developed computer programB. a match between computers and humansC. a robot built with the least technologyD. a competition between fastest computers70. Paragraph 3 mainly discusses ________.A. the threat posed by tech developmentB. the potential benefits of digitalizationC. the gap between blue-collar and white-collar jobsD. the way to survive knowledge-based economy71. In paragraph 4, Trevor Pinch is talking about ________.A. man’s advantages over computersB. advantages of computers over manC. the reliability of computersD. the future development of computers72. The sentence "There are about six billion people alive today〞impliesthat ________.A. nobody should underestimate the power of computersB. we have enough manpower to fix existing problemsC. computers can help human beings in all possible waysD. there is no need to worry too much about computers73. Who is most concerned about computers’ taking over people?A. Martin HilbertB. Trevor PinchC. Martin FordD. AndyRichter74. What does the author think of the prospect of jobs being lost tocomputers?A. It should be taken into serious consideration.B. We can always find solutions to the problem.C. It is too early to say anything for certain.D. We should always be ready for possible changes.Passage FiveThey are regarded as chores by both sexes, but fall disproportionately on only one. The latest survey of time use in America suggests women still shoulder most of the housework, spending on average an hour a day, compared with barely 20 minutes for the unfairer sex.Standard explanations for this division of labor rest on the pay gap between the sexes. A recent report shows women still earn about 20% less than men in America. But in a new paper, Leslie Stratton of VirginiaCommonwealthUniversity asks whether different attitudes to housework also play a role in sharing the dusting.Ms Stratton draws on data from the 2000-01 Time Use Survey in Britain, which shows how people spent their day and which task they enjoyed. Attitudes certainly differed: women disliked laundry less than men; ironing was extremely dreaded by both; strangely large numbers of both sexes liked shopping for food.Ms Stratton found some evidence for the pay-gap hypothesis. Women with higher wages did a little less work at home. A woman who earned 10% more than average escaped doing tow minutes’housework per weekday. Her partner heroically made up this time at the weekend. But his wages made no difference to the extent of his efforts around the house.The major determinant of how much housework a man did was how much he disliked it. Men who liked housework spent around 60% more time per weekday on it than those who were indifferent to it. Women’s preference seemed to have no effect on the time the spent on chores.One way to reduce the burden for both is to get help, although again therewards are unevenly spread. He got away with 43% less housework at weekends, and she did 17% less. Almost all the extra housework generated by children was taken on by the woman. As children get older the weekday burden falls, but weekend time rises －and still comes mainly from her.There is truth in the idea that chores got to the low-paid partner. But cause and effect are unclear. Do women do more because of low pay, or might their careers suffer from a disproportionate burden at home? Evidence that only men’s preferences seem to matter suggests the latter explanation should not be swept under the carpet.75. In a new paper, Leslie Stratton aims to ________.A. introduce some new ways for women to do less houseworkB. explain women’s housework burden from a new angleC. challenge the survey that women still do most of the houseworkD. confirm the standard explanation for women’s housework burden76. Which of the following tasks is disliked most by women?A. Laundry.B. Ironing.C. Shopping for food.D. Caring for babies.77. Ms Stratton finds that the standard explanation for the division of labor_______.A. makes some senseB. lacks real evidenceC. is truly well-groundedD. misses the point78. According to paragraph 5, the division of labor is greatly affected by ___.A. the pay gap between the sexesB. the relationship between the sexesC. women’s attitudes to houseworkD. men’s preferences for housework79. What is the main idea of paragraph 6?A. Men tend to benefit more from hired help.B. Women consider hired help especially useful.C. Getting help works equally well for both sexes.D. Getting help works better for families with kids.80. The author suggests in the last sentence of the passage that ________.A. the way housework is divided between the sexes is unlikely to changeB. both sexes agree that the lower-paid one should do more houseworkC. extra housework makes it harder for women to pursue their careersD. men do less housework because they are the main breadwinners。
2012年江西师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题
2012年江西师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题(总分：150.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、英译汉(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.CEO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.UNESCO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.EQ（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.WHO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.IMF（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.WWW（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.FOB（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.summit conference（分数：1.00）9.walkman（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.visiting scholar（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.request program（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.vanity projects（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.target language（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 14.Foreign Affairs and Overseas Chinese Office（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.low-carbon lifestyle（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 三、汉译英(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.主题公园（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 17.到岸价（分数：1.00）18.追星族（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 19.博客（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 20.以人为本（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 21.同声传译（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 22.直译（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 23.公务员制度（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 24.可持续发展（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 25.同比（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 26.共赢（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________27.源语（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________28.第三产业（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________29.廉租房（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________30.长江三角洲（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________四、语篇翻译(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、英译汉(总题数：1，分数：60.00)31.From the Cabby's SeatO. HenryClose to the curb stood Jerry O' Donovan's cab. Night-hawk was Jerry called; but no more lustrous or cleaner hansom① than his ever closed its doors upon point lace and November violets. And Jerry's horse! I am within bounds when I tell you that he was stuffed with oats until one of those old ladies who leave their dishes unwashed at home and go about having expressmen arrested, would have smiled—yes, smiled—to have seen him.Among the shifting, sonorous, pulsing crowd glimpses could be had of Jerry’s high hat, battered by the winds and rains of many years; of his nose like a carrot, battered by the frolicsome② , athletic progeny③ of millionaires and by contumacious fares: of his brassbuttoned green coat, admired in the vicinity of McGary's was plain that Jerry had usurped the functions of his cab, and was carrying a “load.” Indeed, the figure may be extended and he be likened to a bread-wagon if we admit the testimony of a youthful spectator, who was heard to remark “Jerry has got a bun.”From somewhere among the throng in the street or else out of the thin stream of pedestrians a young woman tripped and stood by the cab. The professional hawk's eye of Jerry caught the movement. He made a lurch for the cab, overturning three or four onlookers and himself— no！ He caught the cap of a water-plug and kept his feet. Like asailor shinning up the ratlins④ during a squall Jerry mounted to his professional seat. Once he was there McGary's liquids were baffled. He seesawed on the mizzenmast of his craft as safe as a Steeple Jack rigged to the flagpole of a skyscraper.“Step in, lady,” said Jerry, gathering his lines. The young woman stepped into the cab; the doors shut with a bang; Jerry's whip cracked in the air; the crowd in the gutter scattered, and the fine hansom dashed away' cross town.When the oat-spry horse had hedged a little his first spurt of speed Jerry broke the lid of his cab and called down through the aperture⑤ in the voice of a cracked megaphone, trying to please:“Where, now, will ye be drivin' to?”“Anywhere you please, ” came up the answer, musical and contented.“ ’Tis drivin’ for pleasure she is, “thought Jerry. And then he suggested as a matter of course:“Take a trip around in the park, lady. Twill be ilegant cool and fine.”“Just as you like,” answered the fare, pleasantly.The cab headed for Fifth avenue and sped up that perfect street. Jerry bounced and swayed in his seat. The potent fluids of McGary were disquieted and they sent new fumes to his head. He sang an ancient song of Killisnook and brandished his whip like a baton.（提示：这个马车夫喝醉了。
江西师范大学2006~2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题[推荐5篇]
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江西师范大学2006~2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题[推荐5篇]第一篇：江西师范大学2006~2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题2012江西师大现当代考研真题一、名词解释1、《大雁和我的保姆》2、左联3、《北京人》4、“主观战斗精神”5、《春之声》6、印家厚二、简答1、周作人《人的文学》对新时期文学的意义2、简析觉新的性格特征及意义3、简述张承志小说的诗话内涵4、沙叶新《陈毅市长》的艺术特征三、论述1、试论鲁迅《野草》的思想内容及艺术特征，并从创作动机的角度谈谈与《呐喊》和《彷徨》的主要区别。
2、分析《青春之歌》中“林道静的成长模式”，并谈谈“林道静成长模式”的时代意义以及历史局限。
2012文学理论一、名词解释1、文学活动2、语境3、抒情话语4、文学传播二、简答1、文学创作中意识与无意识的关系2、文学的审美意识形态的特殊性三、辨析1、叙述者等同于作者，对否？2、文学作品的艺术生命力与其商业价值有无必然关系四、论述1、请运用下列批评模式——伦理道德批评，社会历史批评，审美批评，心理学批评，语言学批评，文化批评中的任意一种，简评中外文学史上你所熟悉的一位作家或作品。
、2、谈谈你对人文关怀的理解并结合这一有关的理论内容，对中国现当代文学或世界文学中的有关创作现象做些简要分析与评价。
2011 现当代一、名词解释 1,《潘先生在难中》2,《上海屋檐下》3,七月诗派4,《青春之歌》5,贺敬之6,《我与地坛》二、简答题1、简述毛泽东《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》的主要思想内容2、简述曹禺剧作的主要艺术成就3、简述孙犁小说的风格特征4、简述朦胧诗派的审美特征三、论述题1、为什么中国现代小说从鲁迅开始，又在他手中成熟2、《芙蓉镇》如何体现“伤痕”和“反思”文学的特色2011文学理论一、名词解释文学活动的“四个要素” 艺术发现文学典型文学风格二、简答题1、什么是艺术概括？艺术概括有哪些具体的规定？2、文学意境有哪些基本特征？三、辨析题1、作家的情感越是强烈，他所创作出来的文学作品越伟大。
江西师范大学研究生学位英语考试口语答案
江西师范大学学位英语考试的口语答案。
只作参考哦。
呵呵。
1、Do you think that the construction of an underground system can solve the traffic congestion in Nanchang? Why or why not?I think the construction of an underground system can solve the traffic congestion in Nanchang.As we know, the traffic congestion occurs when the traffic demand is greater than the available road capacity. Congestion can be reduced by either increasing road supply, or by reducing traffic demand. The traffic congestion is caused by overpopulation, poor magement, rush hour incidents, road works, weather events, unreliable drivers and so on. For Nanchang,the medium-size city, the traffic congestion is mainly caused by overpopulation, rush hour and weather events. Building up underground system in Nanchang means to supply more road demand, therefore, at present,I think an underground system can solve the traffic congestion.2、Some people comment that the present Chinese educational system is too examination-oriented and not very successful in developing student s’ creativity. What do you think of it?I agree with them. Though the quality-oriented education has been advocated in 1980s, it emphasizes all-round development of students. Students are supposed to learn actively and creatively rather than receive knowledge passively. While the examination-oriented education still overweights the quality-oriented one in China. For example, Because the educational system is too examination-oriented to cultivate creative students, no one scientist who wins the nobel prize is Chinese. Comparing with world-famous university, such as Cambridge, Oxford, the quality of the Tsinghua university is still low. If we China wants to walk ahead of world, our government must make great efforts to transform the examination-oriented education into the quality-oriented education and take measures to put it into practice.3、Have you been a volunteer? Do you think that Chinese youth should be encouraged to do more volunteer work? What are the benefits of being a volunteer?Yes, I have been a volunter to help old people who live in the resthome （养老院）, from this experience, we understand that we youth should often visit our grandparents. I think it is necessary and significant to encourage youth to do more volunteer work. From volunteer work, we can benefit a lot. For example, you can increase personal knowledge, meet new friend and obtain social experience, it is very helpful for you to hunt job. Besides, it is possible for you to achieve one particular skill through volunteer work. What’s more im portant, our China has large population, many pepole need help, for me, to help others means to help yourself in one day. volunteering is an opportunity to help somebody, when your help make life better for others and society, you will feel very happy and the world full of love.4、Should the government build nuclear power stations? Why or why not? In my opinion, it depends. If the government has ability to control and manage the nuclear poweer station, the government can build it to create more energy. When facing the exposion of nuclear poweer station, the government can’t quickly take measures to control the accidents, or take preventive measures when building up nuclear power station in order to make it serve for people. In that case, I don’t encourage government to build up nuclaear power station. Because the accidents caused by nuclear power station is very serious. Take Japan and Russia’ nuclear power station for example, the accidents brought deadly harms to local people,even people all over the world, expecially, the Russia’s nuclear power station, it is awesome to think of it. Maybe, these accidents remind us to pursue safer and greener sources of energy.5、In the present society, are people getting more tolerant or critical?Illustrate your point.With the development of society and economy, people, indeed, are getting more tolerant and critical. Being tolerant means to tolerate others’beliefs, actions, opinion and so on. Take the exhibition of body embroidery in April at the foot of Huangshan Mountain for example, it will not be accepted in ancient China. People at that time can’t tolerate to expose themselves dressing nothing in public. However, nowadays, people consider it as a kind of art. common people including the elder and teenagers can appreciate it.Being critical means to question what you hear, read and see if you don’t agree with it. For this, we students have many feelings. Long before the teacher is the authority of knowledge and is the center of class, student just passively accept what the teacher said, they are not encouraged to challenge their teacher, day by day, students lose creativity. However, with the development of Chinese education, students become more critical, they begin question what they hear, read and see from teacher, books and TV or internet.6、Should universities offer more practical subjects instead of theoretical ones?I think it depends.universities should cultivate talents according to the need of society. As we know, different positions require different quality of talents. If you will work at research department after graduating, I think the university should provide more theoretical knowledge than practical one for students. If you plan to work at workshop after graduating, you must obtain more pratical experience. That is to say, the university must offer more practical subjects than theoretical one for students.In fact, the practical subjects are tightly connected with theoretical ones, the theorey is summerized from practice by people, meanwhile, thetheory is more higher than practice, it will guide people to practise. Therefore, We can’t devide them by our willing, universities should find the balance between practice and theory and cultivate students according to society’s need.7、The water resource is getting more and more scarce. What do you think are effective methods of water preservation?With the development of population and industry, the resource of water is getting more and more scarce. Facing this situation, many methods of preserving water have been raised. For example, some people think we can save water when you use little water to wash hands or clothes. Some people feel we can save water if we recycle water, for example, we can use domestic water to rush the toilet or irigate the agriculture. Some people consider that human must create fresh water through desalinating the sea water. Some people believe that human should make use of glacier, which includes much fresh water. Others argue that human must control the population of the world, only by reduing or controllong the number of people using water, can we preserve water.However, among these methods, I think on one is effective method for conserving water if we just adopt one. Therefore, it is better for us to combine all these method. The effective methods of preserving water is to put these methods into practice at the same time.8、Do you worry about the food you eat? How does the food safety issue influence our lives in China?Yes, I desperately worry about the food I eat. In recent years, the food safety issue has become an increasingly concerned problem. Since 2009, many food safety incidents, such as the tainted milk powder, dyed steamed bread and the toxic plasticizer additive, are caused by intentional contamination by food producers for pursuing high profits. Therefore, the food safety issue strongly influence our lives in China. For example, wecitizens become more and more inconfident with merchants, at the same time, citizens feel that the life is not safe, we don’t dare to have dinner at resturant or eat fast food,even buying foods, under this atmosphere of which society in China seems unsteady. Besides, the government of China pays more attention to food inspection,all the foods under suspecion will be inspected, which brings not only goods but also inconvinience to us.9、How should we prevent plagiarism in undergraduat es’ or even postgraduates’ thesis writing?Plagiarism is a serious offense. It can get you expelled from school, fired from a job. While plagiarism may seem like a quick and easy fix to your writing troubles. it's dishonest to plagiarise.so how to prevent we undergraduates from plagiarism?Here, I will share some tips with you. Firstly, universities should make undergraduates realize that plagiarism is a serious offense. Once you plagiarise in your paper, you will be punished heavily, even expelled from school and fired from a job. Secondly, the universities should make students realize that knowledge is holy, we should respect it, we should obtain it through right ways. Thirdly, the guiding teacher should require his or her undergraduates not to copy or paste, which makes it easier for students to plagiarize. Instead, asking students to read over the sentences a few times and try their best to put them into their own words.10、Choose one of the Chinese festivals and say something about the origin of it.I want to say something about the Chinese Valentine's Day. The Chinese Valentine’s Day is on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month every year. About its origin, there is a beautiful love story.The story tells: Zhi Nu was the youngest of seven daughters of the Queenof Heaven. With her sisters, she worked hard to weave beautiful clouds in the sky, while Niu Lang was a poor orphan cowherd, had a magic cow, driven out of his home by his elder brother and his cruel wife.Under the direction of the cow, Niu Lang went to the riverside on an evening, where the seven fairies slipped out of their heavenly palace to bathe. He took one of the beautiful silk dresses the fairies had left on the bank. When Zhi Nu found her clothes, Niu Lang came out with the dress and asked the youngest fairy, Zhi Nu, to stay with himSeveral years passed on Earth, which were only a few days in heaven. Niu Lang and Zhi Nu lived happily together and had two children before the Queen of Heaven discovered Zhi Nu's absence.The Queen of Heaven was so annoyed that she brought Zhi Nu back to heaven. Seeing his beloved wife flying in the sky, Niu Lang was terrified. He caught sight of the cowhide hanging on a wall. The magical cow had told him before dying of old age: "Keep the cowhide（牛皮） for emergency use." Putting the cowhide on, he went after his wife with his two children. He was about to reach his wife when the Queen showed up and pulled off her hairpin to draw a line between the two. The line became the Silver River in heaven, or the Milky Way.Zhi Nu went back to the heavenly workshop, going on weaving the clouds. But she was so sad, and missed her husband so much that the clouds she weaved seemed sad. Finally, the Queen showed a little mercy, allowing the couple to meet once every year on the Silver River. So this day is called Chinese Valentine’s Day.。
2012—2013学年第二学期大学英语(二)口语考试((for students)
2012—2013学年第二学期大学英语（二）音体美口语考试试题Directions: In the following, there are 5 topics. You’re asked to draw lots to choose one topic from them to make one topic-related dialogue with your partners; the dialogue must go 6-10 turns.Dialogues:1. A is calling a friend but he is not in the office. His colleague, B answers the phone. A greets and asks B to take a message.2. A is going to have a holiday, and goes to consult B, a travel agent on where to spend his/her holiday.B gives advice and offers travel information.3. A is an English visiting China. He/ she comes to a Chinese department store for some presents to bring home. B is a salesperson in the store giving advice and help.4. A is going to graduate from college. He/ she asks his/her professor, B to help him/her with a resume in English.5. A meets his/her former teacher, B in the street after graduation for years. A expresses his/her thanks to B and invites B to his/her wedding. B congratulates him/her and accepts the invitation.2012—2013学年第二学期大学英语（二）音体美口语考试方案及评分标准一、试题设计(Test Design)关于海南师范大学2012级音体美班学生第二学期大学英语口语考试，现初步拟定采用以下设计方案。
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1.Scientific discovery has brought about many negative effects to ourlife at the same time of promoting our life. Some people think that the development of science has disastrous side effects so that we should not live in modern society. What’s your point o f view?科学发现给我们的生活带来了许多负面影响，同时也提高了我们的生活质量。
有些人认为，科学的发展带来灾难性的副作用，因此，我们不应该生活在现代的社会中。
你的观点是什么呢？Scientific discovery plays significant role in our modern life. Butnowadays, it turned into a huge monster. Scientific discovery cause numerous harmful consequences and ser iously damage people’s health and life style.First, scientific discovery is bad for your health. People spend hours and hours to play them, so they are under very high risk of becoming overweight and obese.Second, the modern technology promotes unhealthy eating choices, especially among the teenagers and adolescents. Because they areusually addicted to it, forget the time.Third, people nowadays spend more time and pay more attention on modern technology, it can cause mental disorders or disturbances.Sometimes it will make you unhappy, tiresome and weariness, all of these are dangerous for peoples’ health.Fourth, people pay too much attention on the scientific discovery, is lack of concentration, insomnia, restlessness, depressive thoughts, etc.It also will steal the time to be spent for many other importantactivities, like reading, playing with friend, traveling, and so on.Children are especially affected by the negative sides.Fifth, some kind of modern technology will make children failure in schools and low grades, slow-down in intellectual development, lack of social skills and others.However, for many people, modern scientific such as television, cell phone, computer are still the primary source for receiving theinformation. It can satisfy their needs.In addition, scientific discovery provides us with perfect entertainment for any taste, you can watch movie, talk to your friend on line or by the cellphone and so on. All these positive factors is useful for us.I am in favor it, it helps students learn more information and learn itmore quickly. We can learn more things in less time. We should enjoy the advantages of modern scientific, and try to solve the problemswhich modern technology has brought. The key is to make the best use of them in a proper way.科学发现在我们的现代生活中起着重要的作用。
但现在，它变成了魔鬼，捕获绕地球数十亿人的思想和灵魂。
这样往往导致滥用和成瘾的结果，且会导致大量的有害后果，并严重损害人们的身体健康和生活。
首先，科学发现的第一个和最危险的影响是人的身体健康。
人，谁花几个小时来打他们，所以他们正在变得超重和肥胖的风险非常高。
其次，现代技术促进不健康的饮食选择，尤其是在青少年和青少年。
因为它们通常是上瘾了，忘了时间。
第三，时下人们花更多的时间加注重现代技术，它可以导致精神障碍或干扰。
有时会令你不满，无聊和疲倦，所有这些都会影响人民的健康。
此外，人对科学发现付出太多的关注，导致注意力不集中，失眠，烦躁，抑郁的想法，强迫等发挥他们偷其他许多重要的活动要花费的时间，喜欢看书，与朋友玩，旅游，等等。
儿童的影响尤为严重，一般打，因为他们的未成形的心理和有机体的消极面。
某种现代技术会使儿童在学校，低三个档次，智力发展放缓，缺乏社交能力，和其他人的失败。
然而，对许多人来说，现代科学，如电视，手机，电脑仍然是接收的所有信息，能够满足他们的需求作为社会个体的主要来源。
此外，科学发现为我们提供了对于任何味道完美的娱乐，你可以看电影，谈谈您的朋友在线或通过手机等。
所有这些积极因素，是对我们有用。
我是赞成的科学发现，它可以帮助学生了解更多的信息和更迅速地了解它。
我们可以在更短的时间内学到更多的东西。
我们应该享受现代科学的优势，并尝试解决现代技术带来的问题。
关键是要物尽其用，他们以适当的方式。
2. Required class attendance is such a widely adopted practice in Chinese schools of higher education that many teachers and even students themselves simply consider it is a good thing. But is it a wise method? Is there any proven co-relation between attendance and performance in a course? Do you question the validity of required attendance?在中国的各高校当中，上课点名这个做法被广泛的采用，很多老师甚至学生自己都认为这是很好的方法。
但它真的是一个明智的方法吗？到教室上课和这个学生在这门课上的学习表现，两者之间是否已证实有联系？你质疑上课点名制度的有效性吗？Nowadays required class attendance is very common at colleges anduniversities. Most people think we should attend all the classes required by school. However some others do not agree with this argument. They don't think we should attend all the class.As for me, I'm in favor of not to attend all the class. The following reasons can account for my preference.First, university is a place free and open, the rigid attendance policy does not benefit students' studies. If you like the lesion, we can attend it. On the contrary, we can choose to go or not. For example, a student may have to give up a lecture which he finds useful to his studies simply because he dare not run the rest of being penalized for his absence in his course.Second, the lectures of some teachers are not always constructive.A student should be allowed to tell for himself whether an in class experience is worthwhile. If someone doesn’t wanna learn, it is useless even though he attend class, it just a waste of time.Finally and most importantly, there is no proving and co-relation between class attendance and academic performance. A student may never be absent in a course, maybe he is just sitting there but have the daydreaming all the time. Few students even ask other people to instead of your name or even make a lie. Those action are bad habbits and it is easy to make a bad effection.In conclusion, class attendance may secure one hundred percent attendance for a course. But it is not really beneficial to us. As college students we should learn to make the right decisions for ourselves about whether to attend a class.如今需要上课是很常见的高校。