格律和韵律

• 9. A simile is a special kind of metaphor that uses ___. • A. “in” or ”out” B. “likely” or ”astor” • C. “like” or ”as” D. “up” or ”down” • 10. To read a poem correctly, you must ___. • A. read the sentsnces of the poem
• Identify the rhyme scheme in the above poem : ababcdcdefefgg
Test on poetry
• 1. When words rhyme on the same line of a poem we call it __. A. end rhyme B. feminine rhyme C. internal rhyme D. masculine rhyme (e.g. The long light shakes across the lakes.) • 2. A group of lines in a poem is called___. A. flock B. sestet C. stanza D. paragraph
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3. Which pair of words shows consonance? A. “live”and ”forgotten” B. “freight”and ”fright” C. “late”and ”creep” D. “way”and ”say”
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4.choose the two words that rhyme: A. “go”and ”cough” B. “going” and ”showing” C. “hat” and ”sit” D. “let” and ”brief”
• b, he may show the character’s speech and behavior. c, he may give the opinions and reactions of other characters toward this individual. d, he may show the character’s thoughts and feelings
• 7. Who was the character present? What was he doing? A soldier was present in paragraph 1, laying in a clump of laurel. He was asleep at his post of duty. 8. What would happen to him if he was discovered asleep? He would immediately be killed for his misconduct.
Poetry
• 格律和韵律 英诗格律的基本单位诗音部（foot）， 由 特定数目的重读音节和弱读音节按特定方式构 成。 常见的音部有以下5种：抑扬格 （iambus）、仰抑格（trochee）抑抑扬扬格 （anapest）、扬抑扬格（dactyl） 和 扬扬格 （spondee）。
• 英诗韵律形式多样。 End rhyme 意为行尾韵。在分析一首诗的 韵律时，常用等英语小写字母标出该诗行尾韵 格式（rhyme scheme）。 Internal rhyme 意尾行中韵，即：同属一个 诗行的几个词押韵。 Half rhyme，partial rhyme，半韵， 几个行 尾词元音不同， 但在不同的元音后面却有着相 同的辅音。
• 7. “shoot” and “soot” show alliteration. True or False? • A. False B. True • 8. If I say the man is a tiger, I am using ___. • A. assonance B. simile • C. alliteration D. metaphor
• Question-and-answer format; • Conventional phrases with specific symbolic or metaphoric meanings; • Rhythm (ballad stanza)
Heroic couplet
• Heroic couplet: The poetic form includes a pair of rhymed lines in each stanza. • Example: I think that I shall never see A poem lovely as a tree.
• 5. This kind of poem tells a story: • A. free verse B. narrative • C. lyric D. sonnet • 6. The words “love” and ”duck” show ___ • A. consonance B. metaphor • C. alliteration D. assonance
• If We Must Die If we must die, let it not be like hogs Hunted and penned in an inglorious spot, While round us bark the mad and hungry dogs, Marking their mock at our accursed lot. If we must die, O let us nobly die, So that our precious blood may not be shed In vain; then even the monsters we defy Shall be constrained to honor us though dead!
3. How much do you know about the unique social background of the story? It was in a state of war. • 4. How important was the place? • It was a wild and difficult place, concealed in the forest, where half a hundred men in possession of the exits might have starved an army to submission.
• O kinsmen! We must meet the common foe! Though far outnumbered let us show us brave, And for their thousand blows deal one deathblow! What though before us lies the open grave? Like men we抣l face the murderous, cowardly pack, Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back! Claude McKay, 1889-1948
Analysis on Horse A on the Sky
1. Where was the story set in? It happened in the mountains of Western Virginia. 2. When did the story happen? It took place on one sunny afternoon in the Autumn of 1861
• B. be a friend of the poem • C. remain in a quiet room • D. take at least three hours
Vocabulary for poetry
• Stanza 诗节 Heroic couplet 互相押韵的含有五个抑扬音步的 两行诗 Blank verse 无韵诗 Sonnet 十四行诗
• Characterisation An author may use any of all of four different methods of characterization: a, he may describe the character’s physical traits and personality.
• Ballad 叙事诗 Chorus 叠句 Rhyming scheme 押韵格式 • Poetic license 诗的破格， 指诗歌不按一般语言 规则行文的自由
• Setting : historical period, country or locale, season of the year, weather, time of day, the sights, sounds, tastes, smells, etc.
Blank verseBiblioteka Baidu
• Blank verse: the poetic form is unrhymed.
Sonnet
Sonnet is a kind of lyric, consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameters(五音步抑扬 格) with a fixed rhyming scheme.
Ballad
Ballad: song or songlike that tells a story(narrative poem). Ballad stanza: A poetic form which usually contains four rhymed lines (quatrain) in each stanza. Refrain: A repeated word, phrase, line, or group of lines. Example : A Red, Red Rose Auld Lang Syne
• 2.What was the plan of the federal army? They planed to set out at nightfall, and descended to the other slope of the ridge, and then fall upon a camp of the enemy at about midnight. 6. What would happen if the army was detected by their enemy?
Conflict • Conflicts in literature are of two general types: 1) external conflict, in which the character or main figure (sometimes an animal or group) struggle against another character, nature or s o c i e t y ; a n d 2) internal conflict; in which the character struggles against some element of his own personality (his conscience or code of values, for example). •
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Characteristics: Supernatural events; Sensational, sordid, or tragic subject matter; Omission of detail such as description or characterization; • Incremental repetition or phrases or sentences; • Refrain;