2012年大学英语四级考试语法指导
2012年英语专业四级语法题（含答案）
There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two. 51. Which of the following sentences isINCORRECT? A. Twenty miles seems like a long walk to him. B. No one except his supporters agree with him. C. Few students in my class are really lazy. D. Neither Julia nor I were going to the party. 52. Which of the following determiners (限定词) can be placed before bothsingular count nouns and plural count nouns? A. many a B. few C. the next D. such 53. Which of the following reflexivepronouns (反身代词) is usedas an appositive (同位语)? A.He promised himself rapid progress. B.The manager herself will interviewMary. C.I have nothing to say for myself . D.They quarreled themselves red in theface. 54. My boss ordered that the legaldocuments ____ to him before lunch. A.be sent B. were sent C. were to be sent D. must be sent55. Which of the following sentencesexpresses WILLINGNESS? A.By now she will be eating dinner. B.I shall never do that again. C.You shall get a promotion. D.My brother will help you with the luggage. 56. Which of the following sentences isINCORRECT? A.How strange feelings they are! B.How dare you speak to me like that! C.What noise they are making! D.What a mess we are in!57. Which of the italicized parts functionsas a subject? A ．We never doubt that her brother is honest ． B ．The problem is not who will go but who will stay ． C ．You must give it back to whoever it belongs to 。
大学英语四级考试辅导语法课件
老师要求学生们准时到校。
--He suggested that the regulations (should) be revised. 他建议修改规那么。
The lawyer asked that the case (should ) be postponed for one month. 律师要求案子往后推迟一个月。
1．1．谓语动词的各种形式
在If引导的非真实条件句中， 谓语动词具有以下特殊形式：
与现在 从 句 did,were, V-ed 事实相反 主 句 would(should,could,might)+v.
与过去 事实相反
从 句 had+V-ed/been 主 句 would(should,could, might)
如果我有更多些时间，我一定已经完成家 庭作业了。
--Should he come early (=If he should come early), tell him to wait for his wife.
如果他来得早，告诉他等候他的妻子。
1.1.5.错综时间非真实条件句
主句表示的动作和从句表示的动作所发生 的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据表示 的时间进行调整 ，如果从句表示过去，而 主句表示现在，或者从句表示现在，而主 句表示过去，可以使用混合虚拟形式.
大学英语专题辅导
专题一：重点语法局部
第一章 虚拟语气
虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用 来表示一种假设、意愿、建议、请求 等不可能成为事实的情况。
1．虚拟语气用于非真实条件句 非真实条件句，往往表示一种不真
2012.12大学英语四级语法指导
2012.12大学英语四级语法指导这篇关于2012.12大学英语四级语法指导，是笔者特地为大家整理的，希望对大家有所帮助！短语部分没有独立主语，则短语结构称为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的结构：分词(分词短语)句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。
如果是句子的主语发出动作，则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，则使用过去分词。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.A performedB performingC to be performedD being performedperform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;重磅阅读2012年12月英语四级考试备考专题六级备考策略：最新[四级]大学英语四级考前30天完美攻克听力[四级]2012年12月英语四级作文备考专题[六级]英语六级考试强化备考：阅读篇[六级]2012年12月六级作文预测专题[四级]四级写作必知：阅卷老师最忌讳两点[四级]四级听力冲刺：快速提分两步走一些特殊的动词：第一点：forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。
注意：动名词与现在分词形式一样，但含义不同。
这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。
forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.A once offeringB him once offeringC him to offerD to offer himoffer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer todo sth.him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。
2012年专业英语四级语法题详解
2012年专业英语四级语法题解51. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. Twenty miles seems like a long walk to him. (度量衡作主语，意义一致，三单)B. No one except his supporters agree with him. （可采取就近原则，也可和No one 一致）C. Neither Julia nor I were going to the party. （只能就近原则，和I保持一致）D. Few students in my class are really lazy. （语法一致，和students一致）选【C】。
52. Which of the following determiners(限定词)can be placed before both singular count nouns （可数单数）and plural count nouns（可数复数）?A. many aB. fewC. suchD. the next选【D】。
many a/ more than one/such a(n)/ each/ every/either/ neither/ one/ a(n)/another +book(单数)。
(a) few/many/several/ these/ those/ two/both/ another two/ a great number of + books。
such a(n)+book(单数)；such bread（不可数）; such books（复数）; no such book(单数) (no=not a)。
the next meeting /meetings(可数单数/复数)下一次会议/随后的几次会议53. Which of the following reflexive pronouns(反身代词)is used as an appositive(同位语)?A. He promised himself rapid progress. （S +V +O i himself +O d）B. The manager herself will interview Mary. (S+同位语herself +V +O)C. I have nothing to say for myself. (S +V +O +不定式定语+介词+O myself)D. They quarreled themselves red in the face. (S +V +O themself +O.C)选【B】。
专四语法分析表2012年
状语从句表原因的用法
62
让步状语从句
63
So I do表示加强语气的用法
64
引导让步状语从句的for all
65
集体名词的单复数
66
固定搭配：on acc名词词义考察
68
固定搭配动词+介词词组catch on流行
69
形容词词义考察
70
固定搭配：be badly off穷困，缺少
2012年专四语法词汇题总结
题号
语法点（有几个列几个）
51
主谓一致
52
such限定词可以放在可数名词单复数之前
53
反身代词做同位语
54
Order引导的从句使用虚拟语气（should）+动词原形
55
情态助动词的表意愿的用法
56
感叹句的用法
57
形式主语从句
58
语法成分宾语的判断
59
同位语成分判断
60
Shall we表建议的用法
77
固定短语：tossed (a coin)（抛一枚硬币）
78
固定搭配: be distinct from与…非常不同
79
句子逻辑语义判断选词：oblong (长方形)
80
固定搭配：have a quiet word with sb．单独或私下和某人说说话
71
词语uncaring (=indifferent)的词义考察
72
四个名词词义辨析：living memory
73
固定搭配：putting across (=express)
74
逻辑语义判断选词
75
近义词辨析：abolished (slavery)（废除奴隶制度）
2012年英语专业四级语法试题及答案
Thereare thirty senten ces in this sectio n. Beneat h each senten ce thereare four wordsor phrase s marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best comple tes the senten ce. Mark your answer s on Answer SheetTwo.51．B．No one except his suppor tersagreewith him51. Whichof the follow ing senten ces is INCORR ECT? BA. Twenty milesseemslike a long walk to him.B. No one except his suppor tersagreewith him.C. Few studen ts in my classare really lazy.D. Neithe r Julianor I were goingto the party.52. Whichof the follow ing determ iners can be placed before both singul ar countnounsand plural countnouns?A. many aB. fewC. the nextD. such53. Whichof the follow ing reflex ive pronou ns is used as an apposi tive?A. He promis ed himsel f rapidprogre ss.B. The manage r hersel f will interv iew Mary.C. I have nothin g to say for myself.D. They quarre led themse lvesred in the face.54. My boss ordere d that the legaldocume nts ____ to him before lunch.A. be sentB. were sentC. were to be sentD. must be sent55. Whichof the follow ing senten ces expres ses WILLIN GNESS?A. By now she will be eating dinner.B. I shallneverdo that again.C. You shallget a promot ion.D. My brothe r will help you with the luggag e.56. Whichof the follow ing senten ces is INCORR ECT?A. How strang e feelin gs they are!B. How dare you speakto me like that!C. What noisethey are making!D. What a mess we are in!57. Whichof the italic izedpartsfuncti ons as a subjec t?A．We neverdoubtthat her brothe r is honest．B．The proble m is not who will go but who will stay．C．You must give it back to whomev er it belong s to.D．It is clearthat the crimewas done delibe ratel y．58．Whichof the italic izedpartsfuncti ons as an object?A．He doesn’tliketheideaof my speaki ng at the meetin g．B．It is no use your preten dingnot to know the matter．C．Her fallin g into the riverwas the climax of the wholetrip．D．My parent s strong ly object to my goingout aloneat night．59．All the follow ing senten ces have an apposi tiveEXCEPTA．Only one proble m stillremain s—the food．B．She bought hersel f a pair of new shoes．C．My friend s all unders tandand suppor t me．D．She likedher curren t job, teachi ng Englis h．60．Whichof the follow ing best explai ns the meanin g of “Shallwe buy the ticket s first”? A．He said that we were goingto buy the ticket s first．B．He reques ted that we buy the ticket s first．C．He sugges ted that we buy the ticket s first．D．He advise d us to buy the ticket s first．61. Whichof the follow ing contai ns an adverb ial clause of cause?A．I got a job as soon as I left univer sity．B．As therewas no answer, I wroteagain．C．You must do the exerci ses as I show you．D．Wealth y as he is，Mark is not a happyman．62. Whichof the follow ing prepos ition al phrase s can functi on as an adverb ial?A．Despit e the rain, everyo ne enjoye d the trip．B．The man with a beardis talkin g to the manage r.C．Everyprecau tionwas takenagains t the failur e of the plan．D．Are you sure of Simon's disapp earan ce?63. A: Mother, you promis ed to take me out.B: Well, _____A. so do IB. so did I.C. so I do!D. so I did!64. Whichof the follow ing prepos ition al phrase s is an adverb ial of conces sion?A. They used the box for keepin g treasu res.B. I steppe d asidefor her to get in first.C. For all that he seemsto dislik e me, I stilllike him.D. The parent s bought a birthd ay cake for theirson.65. Whichof the follow ing senten ces is INCORR ECT?A. New machin ery were introd ucedin the factor y.B. Poultr y are very expens ive in the city.C. The police are invest igati ng the murder case.D. The militi a were called out to rescue floodvictim s.Keys :51．B．No one except his suppor tersagreewith him52．D．such53．B．The manage r hersel f will interv iew Mary．54．A．be sent55．C．You shallget a promot ion．56．A．How strang e feelin gs they are!57．D．It is clearthat the crimewas done delibe ratel y58．D．My parent s strong ly object to my goingout aloneat night．59．B．She bought hersel f a pair of shoes．60．B．He reques ted we buy the ticket s first．61．B．As therewere no answer, I wroteagain．62．A．Despit e the rain, everyo ne enjoye d the trip．63．D．so I did．64．C．For all that he seemsto dislik e me, I stilllike him．65．A．New machin ery were introd ucedin the factor y．。
英语考试资料 CET4 语法详细讲解
CET4 语法详细讲解（语法讲义）一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。
谓语动词的时态见下表：1．主动形式 2．被动形式CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。
时间状语从句当中的时态：一般过去时所有的过去 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来现在完成时现在完成和将来完成一．非谓语动词一．不定式：一）不定式的常考形式：1)一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生2)完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前二）不定式常考的考点：1）不定式做定语----将要发生2）不定式做状语----目的3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+ doing表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
(强调"我看见了"这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原toI ‘d like to have John do it.I have my package weighed.Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to doforce sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to dobe ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; besimilarity/similar to.三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。
（完整word版）英语四级考试重点语法精选汇总
（完整word版）英语四级考试重点语法精选汇总⼤学英语四级语法精要⼀、动词(时态，语态，⽤法，省略，⼀致性等)（⼀）时态1、主动形式过去现在将来过去将来⼀般did do will/shall do should/would do进⾏was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing /完成had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done⽤于虚拟语⽓完成进⾏had been doing have/has been doing / /2、被动形式过去现在将来过去将来⼀般was/were given am/is/are given Will / shall begiven should/would be given进⾏was/were being given am/is/are being given / /完成was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成进⾏/ / / /· CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进⾏时。
·时间状语从句当中的时态：⼀般过去时所有的过去⽤⼀般现在时表⽰现在和将来现在完成时现在完成和将来完成3(have/has + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.· I’ve been writing letters for an hour. I’ve bee n sitting in the garden.4、过去完成进⾏时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前⼀直在进⾏的动作· We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.5、将来完成进⾏时: 将来某个时刻以前⼀直在进⾏的动作.· By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.6、将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发⽣的事.· I shall have finished this one before lunch.They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.（⼆）语态1、可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:· He was said to be jealous of her success.It was said that he was jealous of her success.·能同时适⽤于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表⽰“估计”，“相信”等意义的动词，常见的有：assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等。
大学英语四级考试：语法复习指导02
大学英语四级考试：语法复习指导02
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(二)长难句的破解的几个基本要点
·把握规律(按照所讲的基本方法)
·充分利用现有语法、词汇知识，提高知识的产出效率。
·破解核心是化繁为简，化难为易。
(三)长难句解决的具体步骤
1、抓主干
2、理顺主从句子关系。
(四)分析句子成分的详细过程
1)找出全句主谓宾或主系表，即句子的主干;
2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;
3)分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等;以及词，短语和从句之间的关系;
4)分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。
2012年英语专业四级语法two
下面划线部分哪个是错的？ Despite much research, there are still certain
elements in the life cycle of the insect that is not fully understood.
注意：在肯定句中，doubt后面也可以接that引导 的宾语从句，但表示疑虑较大或“不相信”。
先行词与关系词
The rumor that he spread everywhere turned out to be untrue.
1. 定语从句中两个非常重要的概念：先行词和连 接词。
先行词：被定语从句修饰或限制的对象，它可以 是一个词、词组甚至句子。
A. by which B. that C. in where D. where 答案： D
“介词+关系代词”的倒装句
They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.
先行词与分句割裂情况总结
1、先行词和关系分句被定语分隔 2、先行词和关系分句被状语分隔 3、先行词和关系分句被谓语分隔（短小）
先行词与关系词的选择
实战体会：
Even when homeless individuals manage to find a ____ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day wandering the street.
2012年6月-大学英语四级语法 (2)
importance n 重要性；vital a 至关重要的。 紧迫性：imperative a 紧迫的；obligatory a 强制性的；
urgent a 紧急的。
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She insisted that we should go there by plane.
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推荐：recommend vt推荐；recommendation n推荐。 安排：arrange vt安排；arrangement n安排。 决定：decide vt决定；decision n决定；resolution n决定；
vote vt投票决定；resolve vt决定；determine v决定。 坚持：insist vi坚持；insistence n 坚持；insistent a 坚持的 必要性：necessary a 必要的；essential a 绝对必要的；
It is necessary that you should marry her at once.
It is my proposal that she should go to see a doctor today. 说明：这两句话的意思是：“算命要推荐“安决坚”这人厉
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那么but和except后的不定式符号“to”就必须省 去，比如第二个例子就是如此。 8. 英语的连系动词包括：听闻看似容易，变保仍 感艰辛。 听起来：sound ； 变得：get, go, grow, turn,
become 闻起来：smell； 保持：keep, hold, stay, stand 看起来：look ； 仍然：remain 似乎：seem, appear ；感觉：feel, taste
2012年CET大学英语四级考试重点语法重点词组(精)
2012年英语四级考试重点一、语法部分考查重点1、虚拟语气的考点为：would rathe叶that从句+ 一般过去时；It is vital/necessary /important /urgent /imperative /desirable /advisable / natural/essential +that +(should动词原形;proposal /suggestion +that 动词原形;It is time/about time/high time+that +—般过去时;lest +that +should +动词原形；if onl y+that +would + 动词原形。
2、状语从句的考点为：非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times, provided , so long as, in case, once等来替代if ;由even if/so , now that, for all等引导的让步状语从句；just /hardly...when 弓丨导的时间状语从句;more than, as...as , not so much as, the same as , as much a等引导的比较状语从句。
3、独立主格结构多以逻辑主语+分词的形式出现。
4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用。
5、定语从句重点考查介词+关系代词(which和as作为关系代词。
、词汇部分考查重点1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如：popular /patient +with ; yield /solution /adapt /tran sfer /access +to ; accuse /require +of ; charge +for ; un der +discussiO等等。
2、习惯用法如:confess to/set about/be used to+doing ; be supposed to/have /make sb .+do 等。
2012四级 词汇语法
PART II GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN]There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1．__1__there is little we can do to modify the weather，we can at least know what kind of weather to expect．A．Since B．When C．While D．Unless2．This organization brought Western artists together in the hope of making more of an impact on the art community__2__any of them could individually and to promote Western art by women．A．rather than B．rather C．than D．other than3．But the Swiss discovered long years ago that constant warfare brought them__3__ suffering and poverty．A．anything but B．nothing butC．none other than D．no more than4．After__4__seemed an endless wait，it was her too run to step into the doctor’s office．A．it B．that C．what D．which5．The board deemed it’s urgent that these files__5__right away．A．had to be printed B．should have been printedC．must be printed D．should be printed6．____is announced in the papers，our country has launched a large scale movement against smuggling and fraudulent activities in foreign currency exchange deals．A．What B．As C．Which D．That7．All the flights____because of the snowstorm，we had to take the train instead．A．were canceled B．had been canceled C．having canceled D．having been canceled8．Once ____，this power station will supply all the neighboring towns and villages with electricity．A．it being completed B．it completed C．completed D．it completes9．He might have been killed ____the timely arrival of the ambulance．A．but for B．except for C．besides D．except10．If you have never planted anything，you won’t be able to know the pleasure of watching the thing you have planted ____．A．grow B．to grow C．growing D．to be growing11．He did me a ____turn by lending me ten pounds．A．good B．nice C．fine D．pretty12．Once our chickens started laying eggs，we had such a ____of eggs that we were giving many away to our neighbors．A．output B．surplus C．production D．plenty13．Following are comments about the behavior that people in Korea usually expect in various social ____．A．occasions B．cases C．situations D．circumstances14．They have considered their high standard of living a（n）____for practising their basic beliefs．A．award B．reward C．result D．consequence15．Mac’s close____to his brother made people mistake them for one a nother．A．resemblance B．identity C．appearance D．relationship16．The thieves____the waste paper all over the room while they were searching for the diamond ring．A．spread B．scratched C．scattered D．burned17．The sight of the fruit salad made our daughter Kit’s mouth ____．A．wet B．water C．soak D．taste18．The____problem of bring a space ship back from the moon has been solved．A．technical B．technological C．technique D．technology19． A large part of a person’s memory is____words and combination of words．A．by means of B．in terms of C．in connection with D．by way of20．At her word she stood up and walked away，stopping at the window to pull back the curtain and ____．A．look round B．look out C．look up D．look on21．Their happiness was very____．A．crisp B．brittle C．delicate D．fragile22．I was awfully tired when I got home from work，but a half hour nap ____me．A．revived B．released C．relieved D．recovered23．We should always keep in mind that____decisions often lead to bitter regrets．A．hasty B．instant C．prompt D．rapid24．Information and opinion gap exercises have to have some content ____talking about．A．worthwhile B．worthily C．worth D．worthy25．“If we fail to act now，”said Tom，“We’ll fin d ourselves ____in action later on．”A．paid back B．paid for C．paid up D．paid off26. We often advise him not to drink more wine __________is good for his health.A. asB. thanC. thatD. but27. It is necessary that an efficient worker __________his work on time.A. accomplishesB. can accomplishC. accomplishD. has accomplished28. My father will be here tomorrow, but at first I thought that he __________ today.A. was comingB. is comingC. will comeD. come29. Without facts, we cannot form a worthwhile opinion for we need to have factual knowledge __________ our thinking.A which to be based on B. which to be base uponC. upon which to baseD. to which to be based30. I didn't call to make my airline reservation, but I __________.A. should haveB. may haveC. must haveD. shall have31. It’s the first time that she has been to the United States, __________?A. isn't sheB. hasn't sheC. isn't itD. hasn't it32. I think that the labor bill will pass; it's ____________that it will.A. almost surelyB. very likelyC. near positiveD. quite certainly33. An increase in a nation's money supply, without an accompanying increase in economic activity, __________result in higher prices.A. tendsB. tends theC. tending toD. will tend to34. X-rays are able to pass through objects and thus make __________details that are otherwise impossible to observe.A. it visibleB. visiblyC. visibleD. they are visible35. Prices for bikes at that store run__________250 dollars.A. as high asB. as high toC. so high toD. so high as36. He will not be __________ to vote in this year's election.A. enough oldB. as old enoughC. old enoughD. enough old as37. Thomas Jefferson's achievements as an architect rival his contributions __________a politician.A. suchB. moreC. asD. than38. According to the conditions of my scholarship, after finishing my degree__________.A. my education will be employed by the universityB. employment will be given to me by the universityC. the university will employ meD. I will be employed by the university39. If Bob's wife won't agree to sign the papers, ____________.A. neither he willB. neither will heC. neither won't heD. he won't neither40. _____ is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.A. WhatB. ThatC. ItD. As41. A violent revolution having broken out, all the ports of that country were laid under a(n) ______.A. boycottB. embargoC. embarkD. ban42. Since_________ can't work in the United States without a permit, so it is of great importance for them to present their credentials to the government.A. emigrantsB. expatriatesC. migrantsD. immigrants43. Most investors are taught at the very beginning that there is no place for __________in investment markets.A. feelingB. emotionC. passionD. sentiment44. I__________ my ordinary income by doing some part-time work.A. complimentB. ComplementC. supplementD. implement45. Before the statue could be __________to the United States, a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built.A. transformedB. transportedC. transferredD. transmitted46. The final document was, of course, supposed to mend the damage __________upon the world by the war,A. imposedB. impressedC. compelledD. compressed47. Roger, who __________in courage, is highly respected by all his peers in the villages.A. boundsB. possessesC. declaresD. abounds48. The tourists are told that the remotest village in this area is only_________ by a river.A. accessibleB. availableC. obtainableD. achievable49. He__________ interrupted me by asking irrelevant questions.A. continuallyB. continuouslyC. consistentlyD. constantly50. Being a man of _________ and public spirit. Mr. Russell labored zealously to advance the interest of the community and was much interested in bringing new manufacturing interests to Waterloo.A. firmB. enterpriseC. companyD. corporation51. When people do things wrong we should try hard to forgive them, as the idiom goes, “To ______ is human.”A. referB. conferC. deferD. err52. Although gaining a job as a real __________agent or broker may be relatively easy, beginning agents and brokers may face competition from well-established, more experienced ones.A. propertyB. estateC. houseD. assets53. The constitution of the State required that property should be __________for taxation at its market value.A. estimatedB. appraisedC. evaluatedD. valued54. On June 15, 1909, after Scott finished his rushed plans for his________ to the South Pole, he departed from England.A. tourB. voyageC. expeditionD. excursion55. The government authority had to __________oil and other products so that it would not run out during war.A. shareB. fareC. provideD. ration56．She managed to save__ she could out of her wages to help her brother．A how little moneyB so little moneyC such little moneyD what little money57．The statue would be perfect but for a few small__ in its base．A mistakesB weaknessC flawsD errors58．The morning news says a school bus__ with a train at the junction and a group of policmen were sent there immediately．A bumpedB collidedC crashedD struck59．The screaming of a woman____ our attention back_____ the TV program．A paid．．．atB got．．．onC called．．．toD drew．．．over60．This typerwriter is____ your service．A atB inC onD under。
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2012年大学英语四级考试语法指导01非谓语动词与独立主格：短语，句子（或者句子，短语）当短语部分有独立主语，并且该主语不同于句子主语，这时短语结构称为独立主格。
（它最明显的特点是短语部分有独立的主语）。
独立主格的结构1：名词（代词）+ 分词［现在分词、过去分词］现在分词表示主动的，正在进行的行为;过去分词表示被动的，已经完成的行为。
作题时要通过判断动作与名词（代词）之间的关系来确定是使用现在分词还是过去分词。
当动作由名词（代词）发出时使用现在分词，而名词（代词）是受动者时则用过去分词。
1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity，copper _B_ it closely.A followedB followingC to followD being followed2. All things _A_，the planned trip will have to be called off.A consideredB be consideredC consideringD having consideredcall off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。
独立主格的结构2：with + 名词（代词）+ 分词［句子当中作状语］3. After the Arab states won independence，great emphasis was laid on expanding education，with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.A to be encouragedB been encouragedC being encouragedD be encouragedas well as 和（相当于and）; be encouraged不会考。
动词不定式有预示将来行为的含义。
to be encouraged 将要被鼓励;been encouraged 已经被鼓励完了，与主句的谓语动词相对;being encouraged 正在被鼓励2012年大学英语四级考试语法指导02短语部分没有独立主语，则短语结构称为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的结构：分词（分词短语）句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。
如果是句子的主语发出动作，则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，则使用过去分词。
1.No matter how frequently _A_，the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.A performedB performingC to be performedD being performedperform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;一些特殊的动词：第一点：forget 忘记; ［反义］remember 记得;这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。
注意：动名词与现在分词形式一样，但含义不同。
这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。
forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.A once offeringB him once offeringC him to offerD to offer himoffer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.him once offering 如果改成his once offering 也正确。
2012年大学英语四级考试语法指导03动名词的复合结构：凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词，就可以加动名词的复合结构。
动作发出者+ 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时：名词所有格+ 动名词;当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现，且动作发出者在前文中提过时：形容词物主代词（宾格）+ 动名词。
形容词物主代词：his，her，my，your，their，our。
代词宾格：him，her，me，you，us，them。
第二点：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客观需要或缺乏。
例。
Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.A cutB cuttingC to cutD being cut注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。
例。
This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.A cleaningB to cleanC being cleanedD cleaned第三点：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味着，…的意思是…例。
There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. ［reception desk 接待台］A makingB to makeC to have madeD having made2012年大学英语四级考试语法指导041. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.A to erectB be erectedC erectingD being erectedwatch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;感官动词watch，see，hear; 感官动词+ 名词（代词）+ dobe erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.A gives upB gives inC gives awayD gives offgive up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出（烟和气体）;give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.A to be informedB on informingC informedD informingkeep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.A after whichB for whichC with whichD at whichfight with sb. （注意要看整个句子）; fight with + 工具用该工具来打仗。
fight for 为…而战。
I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。
I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.A carried outB carried offC carried onD carried forwardin spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。
2012年大学英语四级考试语法指导051. I should like to rent a house，modern，comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.A all in allB above allC after allD over allall in all 总而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 毕竟，终究;overall 全面的，总体的in a word 总之，in short 简而言之，in conclusion 最后，总之，to sum up总之，总而言之。
2. _B_ we have finished the course，we shall start doing more revision work.A For nowB Now thatC Ever sinceD By nownow that 既然，由于（相当于since）; ever since 自从…以来。
与that搭配且后面可以加句子的几个表达形式：now that 既然，由于; in that 因为; except that 除…之外。
except后面加名词或代词;except that后面加句子。
3. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.A attached toB responsible toC resistant toD contrary tobe attached to 连接，附属; This school is attached to Beida. 这所学校附属于北大。
responsible to 对…负有责任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 与。
相反（相违背）。
4. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.A not goingB not to goC not having been goingD not to be goingregret doing 后悔做过某事; regret to do sth. 遗憾的做某事（应用语境非常有限）。
5. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.A out of workB out of stockC out of reachD out of practiceout of work 失业; out of reach 够不着within reach 够得着; out of practice 缺乏练习。