定语从句中的特殊用法
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定语从句中的特殊用法
定语从句是起定语作用的,修饰,说明名词,代词或句子内容的从句,被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。引导定语从句,并在句中担任成分的词叫做关系代词或关系副词。定语从句是高考常考内容之一,使用时要尤其注意以下十种特殊用法。
只用that不用which的情况
当先行词是all, little, few, much, something,everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。如:
Everything that happened then was like a nightmare.当时发生的一切就像是一场噩梦。
I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.我要把你在舞会上跟我说的话全都告诉他。
当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just,
very(恰好的,表示强调)等词修饰时。例如:
The only thing that we could do was to wait.我们能做的只是等待。
That’s the very thing that we can do.那正是我们能做的事。
3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例如:The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.我们参观的第一个地方是长城。
This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我看过的最好的小说。
4、被修饰词为数词时。例如:
Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive. 昨天我捉到了两条鱼,把它们放在一盆水里。你可以看到那两条鱼还活着呢。5、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。例句:There’s still a room that is free.还有一个空房间。
6、先行词中有人有物时用that。例如:
We talked about the people and the villages that we remembered.我们谈论了我们记得的人和村子。
He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.他问起他去过的这几家工厂和工人的情况。
7、当主句中有who, which时,而定语从句中也要用到who或which时,为了避免who…who, which…which等重叠,定语从句要用that引导。例如:
Who is the man that is standing by the door? 站在门边的那个男人是谁?
Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk? 你养的那两头奶牛中哪一个产奶多?
8、人或物在定语从句中表语时,用that引导定语从句,而that通常也可以省略。例如:He is no longer the man that he was.他不再是过去的他。
修饰物时只用which不用that的情况
引导非限制性定语从句时。例如:
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.竹子是空心的,这使得他很轻。
当关系词前有介词时。例如:
This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.这就是毛主席曾经住过的地方。
3、在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which。例如:
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.我来给你看我从新开的图书馆里借来的那本小说。
4、当关系代词后面有插入语时。例如:
Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.这就是我跟你说过的会有助于你学好英语的那本英语语法书。
5、先行词为that时。例如:
The clock is that which can tell us the time.钟是报时的装置。
修饰人时只用who不用that的情况
1、先行词为one, ones, anyone, sb,anybody,those指代人时。如:
The person I want to learn from is one who studies
hard and works well.我最羡慕的是学习勤奋,工作出色的人。
在There be结构中,修饰主语的定语从句宜用who关系代词指代人。例如:
There’s a gentleman who wants to see you.有位先生
想见你。
3、当先行词有较长的后置定语时。例如:
I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon
who could speak Chinese very well.昨天下午我在公园里遇到一位中文讲得非常好的外国人。
4、一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who 以避免重复。例如:
The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.受到校长表扬的学生是位谦虚好学的班长。
注意:当关系代词前面有介词时,只能用whom。例如:
The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago.这封信的收信人三年前就去世了。
四、way在定语从句作先行词的用法
当先行词为way时,定语从句的引导词可用in which, that或省略引导词。例如:
I don’t like the way (that /in which)he looks at me. 我不喜欢他那种样子看着我。
五、在定语从句中作状语的关系代词when, where, why的用法
1、先行词表示时间时,定语从句中的谓语动词如果是不及物动词,用关系副词when或介词+ which; 如果是及物动词,用which或that都行。例如:
I still remember the days when(=on which)we lived together.我仍然记得我们在一起的时光。
2、先行词表示地点时,如果定语从句中谓语动词是不及物动词,用关系副词where或介词+which; 如果是及物动词时,用which或that都可以。例如:
This is the small village where (=in which) Chairman Mao ever lived. 这就是毛主席曾经居住过的小村庄。
表示原因时,why前的先行词是表示原因的名
词reason。例如:
Can you tell me the reason why (=for which) you didn’t finish your homework? 你能告诉我你没有完成作业的原因吗?
六、whose引导的定语从句
Whose引导定语从句时,其先行词可以指人,也可以指物,当先行词指物时,可以用the+名词+of which的结构。例如:
He studies in a school whose buildings(=the buildings of which) are built on top of a hill.他就读的学校其房子都建在山顶上。
七、as作关系代词引导的定语从句
1、引导限制性定语从句。在主句中常有the same, so或such与as相呼应, as在定语从句中