最新专业英语词汇(气象工程)

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气象专业英语词汇与气象学整理最终版

主题词表English Chinese01. 大气atmospheric science 大气科学meteorology 气象学theoretical meteorology 理论气象学mesometeorology 中尺度气象学micrometeorology 微气象学physical meteorology 物理气象学atmosphere 大气evolution of atmosphere 大气演化atmospheric impurity 大气杂质atmospheric suspended matter 大气悬浮物atmospheric diffusion 大气扩散atmospheric composition 大气成分atmospheric ion 大气离子atmospheric mass 大气质量air quality 大气品位atmospheric density 大气密度atmospheric subdivision 大气分层homosphere 均质层heterosphere 非均质层homopause 均质层顶significant level 特性层standard [pressure] level 标准层isothermal layer 等温层lower atmosphere 低层大气middle atmosphere 中层大气upper atmosphere 高层大气troposphere 对流层tropopause 对流层顶stratosphere 平流层stratopause 平流层顶mesosphere 中间层mesopause 中间层顶thermosphere 热层exosphere 外[逸]层ionosphere 电离层magnetosphere 磁层magnetopause 磁层顶chemosphere 光化层chemopause 光化层顶ozonosphere 臭氧层free atmosphere 自由大气planetary atmosphere 行星大气standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere) 标准大气（参考大气）homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气isothermal atmosphere 等温大气polytropic atmosphere 多元大气scale height 大气标高meteorological element 气象要素air temperature 气温wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度dry-bulb temperature 干球温度temperature profile 温度廓线atmospheric pressure 气压standard atmosphere pressure 标准大气压station pressure 本站气压sea-level pressure 海平面气压pressure gradient 气压梯度barometric height formula 压高公式pressure gradient force 气压梯度力Coriolis force 科里奥利力water vapor 水[蒸]汽transfer of water vapor 水汽输送water vapor profile 水汽廓线water vapor pressure 水汽压humidity 湿度relative humidity 相对湿度absolute humidity 绝对湿度specific humidity 比湿mixing ratio 混合比dew point [temperature] 露点(温度) depression of the dew point （温度）露点差super-saturated air 过饱和空气saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿saturation vapor pressure 饱和水汽压psychrometric formula 测湿公式saturation deficit 饱和差international cloud atlas 国际云图cloud 云low cloud 低云middle cloud 中云high cloud 高云cloud base 云底cloud top 云顶cloud ceiling 云幂cloud amount 云量total cloud cover 总云量cloud with vertical development 直展云cloud height 云高cloud genera 云属cloud etage 云族cloud species 云种cloud variety 云类cloud form 云状cirrus, Ci 卷云cirrus fibratus, Ci fib 毛卷云cirrus spissatus, Ci spi 密卷云cirrus uncinus, Ci unc 钩卷云cirrostratus, Cs 卷层云cirrostratus fibratus, Cs fib 毛卷层云cirrostratus nebulosus, Cs neb 薄幕卷层云cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云altocumulus, Ac 高积云altocumulus translucidus, Ac tr 透光高积云altocumulus opacus, Ac op 蔽光高积云altocumulus lenticularis, Ac len 荚状高积云altocumulus cumulogenitus, Ac cug 积云性高积云altocumulus floccus 絮状高积云altocumulus castellanus, Ac cas 堡状高积云altostratus, As 高层云altostratus translucidus, As tr 透光高层云altostratus opacus, As op 蔽光高层云cumulus, Cu 积云cumulus humilis, Cu hum 淡积云cumulus mediocris, Cu med 中展积云cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云cumulus congestus, Cu con 浓积云cumulonimbus, Cb 积雨云cumulonimbus calvus, Cb cal 秃积雨云cumulonimbus capillatus, Cb cap 鬃积雨云stratocumulus, Sc 层积云stratocumulus translucidus, Sc tr 透光层积云stratocumulus opacus, Sc op 蔽光层积云stratocumulus cumulogenitus, Sc cug 积云性层积云stratocumulus castellanus, Sc cas 堡状层积云stratocumulus lenticularis, Sc len 荚状层积云stratus, St 层云stratus fractus, St fra 碎层云nimbostratus, Ns 雨层云stratiform cloud 层状云cumuliform cloud 积状云fracto-nimbus,Fn 碎雨云chaotic sky 混乱天空cold cloud 冷云warm cloud 暖云ice cloud 冰云water cloud 水云hail cloud [冰]雹云wind 风wind direction 风向wind speed, wind velocity 风速maximum wind speed 最大风速extreme wind speed 极大风速wind speed profile 风速廓线horizontal wind vector 水平风矢量wind force 风力wind force scale 风级Beaufort [wind] scale 蒲福风级calm 0级风light air 1级风light breeze 2级风gentle breeze 3级风moderate breeze 4级风fresh breeze 5级风strong breeze 6级风near gale 7级风gale 8级风strong gale 9级风storm 10级风violent storm 11级风hurricane 12级风gust 阵风local wind 地方性风surface wind 地面风foehn 焚风mountain-valley breeze 山谷风sea-land breeze 海陆风on-shore wind 向岸风off-shore wind 离岸风gorge wind 峡谷风slope wind 坡风glacier breeze 冰川风drainage wind 流泄风visibility 能见度effective visibility 有效能见度visual range of light 灯光能见距离surface visibility 地面能见度horizontal visibility 水平能见度vertical visibility 垂直能见度slant visibility 倾斜能见度meteor 大气现象weather phenomenon 天气现象clear sky 晴天partly cloudy 少云cloudy 多云overcast 阴天blue of the sky 天空蓝度apparent form of the sky 天穹形状state of ground 地面状态sky condition 天空状况precipitation 降水amount of precipitation 降水量precipitation intensity 降水强度showery precipitation 阵性降水convective precipitation 对流性降水non-convective precipitation 非对流性降水orographic precipitation 地形降水rain 雨rain virga 雨幡rain drop 雨滴rain shadow 雨影glaze 雨凇rain day 雨日rainfall [amount] 雨量continuous precipitation 连续性降水intermittent precipitation 间歇性降水showery rain 阵雨freezing rain 冻雨drizzle 毛毛雨light rain 小雨moderate rain 中雨heavy rain 大雨torrential rain 暴雨local precipitation 地方性降水orographic rain 地形雨storm 风暴sandstorm, duststorm 沙[尘]暴hail storm 雹暴haze 霾haze aloft 高空霾dust 浮尘blowing sand 高吹沙drifting sand 低吹沙dew 露frost 霜frost point 霜点first frost 初霜latest frost 终霜tornado 龙卷dust devil 尘卷风squall 飑snow 雪snow virga 雪幡sleet 雨夹雪showery snow 阵雪snow crystal 雪晶snowflake 雪花snow grains 米雪snowstorm 雪暴driven snow 吹雪drifting snow 低吹雪blowing snow 高吹雪snow cover 积雪snowfall [amount] 雪量snow depth 雪深snow day 雪日icing 积冰wire icing 电线积冰hail 冰雹hailstone 雹块ice pellet 冰丸thunder 雷thunderstorm 雷暴thunder shower 雷阵雨orographic thunderstorm 地形雷暴thunderstorm cell 雷暴单体atmospherics 天电lightning 闪电lightning channel 闪电通道forked lightning 叉状闪电sheet lightning 片状闪电ball lightning 球状闪电streak lightning 条状闪电pearl-necklace lightning 串珠状闪电fog 雾mist 轻雾wet fog 湿雾sea fog 海雾ice fog 冰雾frontal fog 锋面雾advection fog 平流雾radiation fog 辐射雾advection-radiation fog 平流辐射雾mixing fog 混合雾evaporation fog 蒸发雾supercooled fog 过冷却雾ground fog 地面雾upslope fog 上坡雾air-mass fog 气团雾tropical air fog 热带气团雾rime 雾凇graupel 霰percentage of sunshine 日照百分率sunshine duration 日照时数duration of possible sunshine 可照时数02. 大气探测atmospheric sounding and observing 大气探测meteorological observation 气象观测synoptic observation 天气观测synoptic hour 天气观测时间principal synoptic observation 基本天气观测intermediate synoptic observation 辅助天气观测surface observation 地面观测visual observation 目测background pollution observation 本底污染观测field observation 外场观测conventional observation 常规观测non-conventional observation 非常规观测ship observation 船舶观测fixed point observation 定点观测space-based observation 空基观测ground-based observation 地基观测mountain observation 山地观测sounding 探空upper air observation 高空观测auxiliary ship observation, ASO 辅助船舶观测aircraft sounding 飞机探测rocket sounding 火箭探测radio sounding 无线电探空captive balloon sounding 系留气球探测pilot balloon observation 测风气球观测radiowind observation 无线电测风观测standard time of observation 标准观测时间actual time of observation 实际观测时间observational frequency 观测次数observational error 观测误差supplementary observation 补充观测autographic records 自记记录surface data 地面资料upper air data 高空资料barometer level 气压表高度pressure reduction 气压换算barometric correction 气压订正international synoptic code 国际[天气]电码network of meteorological station 气象台站网observation site 观测场meteorological platform 气象观测平台ocean weather station 海洋气象站fixed ship station 固定船舶站mobile ship station 移动船舶站mountain observation station 高山[观]测站automatic meteorological station 自动气象站meteorological instrument 气象仪器screen,instrument shelter 百叶箱thermometer 温度表telethermometer 遥测温度表thermograph 温度计geothermometer 地温表surface geothermometer 地面温度表angle geothermometer 曲管地温表tube-typed geothermometer 直管地温表grass thermometer 草温表maximum thermometer 最高温度表minimum thermometer 最低温度表mercury thermometer 水银温度表Lyman-α hygrometer 莱曼-α湿度表bimetallic thermograph 双金属片温度计barograph 气压计aneroid barograph 空盒气压计mountain barograph 高山气压计barometer 气压表aneroid barometer 空盒气压表ship-barometer 船用气压表mountain barometer 高山气压表pressure altimeter 气压测高表normal barometer 标准气压表national standard barometer 国家标准气压表regional standard barometer 区域标准气压表absolute standard barometer 绝对标准气压表microbarograph 微压计mercury barometer 水银气压表Fortin barometer 福丁气压表Kew pattern barometer 寇乌气压表hygrograph 湿度计hygrometer 湿度表psychrometer 干湿表aspirated psychrometer 通风干湿表standard aspirated psychrometer 标准通风干湿表whirling psychrometer, sling psychrometer 手摇干湿表Assmann psychrometer 阿斯曼干湿表dew-point hygrometer 露点湿度表hair hygrometer 毛发湿度表hair hygrograph 毛发湿度计black and white bulb thermometer 黑白球温度表barothermograph 气压温度计dry-bulb thermometer 干球温度表wet-bulb thermometer 湿球温度表sunshine recorder 日照计Jordan sunshine recorder 乔唐日照计Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder 康培尔-司托克日照计pyrheliometer 直接辐射表pyranometer 总辐射表sky radiometer diffusometer 天空辐射表albedometer 反照率表pyranometer 净辐射表pilot-balloon plotting board 测风绘图板hail-rain separator 雹雨分离器evaporograph 蒸发计evaporation pan 小型蒸发器evaporation tank 大型蒸发器standard pan 标准蒸发器ceiling projector 云幂灯visibility meter,visiometer 能见度表raingauge 雨量器pluviograph,recording raingauge 雨量计accumulative raingauge 累计雨量器tilting bucket raingauge 翻斗[式]雨量计electric conductivity raingauge 水导[式]雨量计siphon rainfall recorder 虹吸[式]雨量计rainfall intensity recorder 雨强计telemetering pluviograph 遥测雨量计wind vane 风向标anemometer 风速表contact anemometer 电接风速表cup anemometer 转杯风速表propeller anemometer 螺旋桨[式]风速表anemorumbometer 风向风速表hot-wire anemometer 热线风速表strong wind anemograph 强风仪navaid wind-finding 导航测风laser ceilometer 激光云幂仪anemograph 风速计radio theodolite 无线电经纬仪aerological theodolite 测风经纬仪radiosonde 无线电探空仪dropsonde 下投式探空仪constant level balloon 定高气球ultrasonic anemometer 超声测风仪ceiling balloon 云幂气球meteorological aircraft 气象飞机snow scale,snow depth scale 量雪尺weighting snow-gauge 称雪器drosometer, dewgauge 测露表frozen soil apparatus 冻土器sonde 探空仪profiler 廓线仪meteorological rocket 气象火箭sounding rocket 探空火箭weather radar 天气雷达meteorological radar 气象雷达lidar 激光雷达sodar, acoustic radar 声[雷]达Doppler radar 多普勒天气雷达incoherent radar 非相干雷达radar network composite 雷达组网radar sounding 雷达探空windfinding radar 测风雷达Doppler sodar 多普勒声达Doppler lidar 多普勒激光雷达MST radar MST雷达UHF Doppler radar 超高频雷达VHF radar 甚高频雷达coherent memory filter,CMF 相干存储滤波器radar rainfall integrator 雷达雨量积分器range velocity display, RVD 距离速度显示velocity azimuth display, V AD 速度方位显示constant altitude plan position indicator, CAPPI 等高平面位置显示器plan postion indicator, PPI 平面位置显示器plan shear indicator, PSI 平面切变显示器velocity azimuth range display, V ARD 速度方位距离显示radarsonde 雷达测风仪atmospheric remote sensing 大气遥感inverse technique 反演法temperature retrieval 温度反演inversion of satellite sounding 卫星探测反演meteorological satellite 气象卫星NIMBUS 雨云卫星NOAA 诺阿卫星polar-orbiting meteorological satellite 极轨气象卫星TIROS 泰罗斯卫星TIROS-N 泰罗斯-N卫星ESSA 艾萨卫星ITOS 艾托斯卫星geostationary meteorological satellite,GMS 地球静止气象卫星meteorological satellite ground station 气象卫星地面站microwave radiometer 微波辐射仪high resolution interferometric sounder 高分辨[率]干涉探测器high resolution infrared radiation sounder, HRIRS 高分辨[率]红外辐射探测器scanning radiometer, SR 扫描辐射仪very high resolution radiometer, VHRR 甚高分辨率辐射仪vertical temperature profile radiometer 温度垂直廓线辐射仪data collection platform, DCP 资料收集平台automatic picture transmission, APT 自动图象传输high resolution picture transmission, HRPT 高分辨[率]图象传输high resolution facsimile, HR-FAX 高分辨率[云图]传真low resolution facsimile, LR-FAX 低分辨率[云图]传真delay picture transmission, DPT 延时图象传输direct read-out ground station 直读式地面站weather facsimile, WEFAX 天气图传真synoptic data 天气资料non-synoptic data 非天气资料real time data 实时资料non-real time data 非实时资料stretched data 时展资料sub-satellite point [卫星]星下点temporal resolution 时间分辨率spatial resolution 空间分辨率full resolution 全分辨率radiation transfer equation 辐射传输方程atmospheric transmission model 大气传输模式03. 大气物理学atmospheric physics 大气物理[学]cloud physics 云物理学precipitation physics 降水物理学cloud dynamics 云动力学middle atmospheric physics 中层大气物理学aeronomy 高空大气学aerology 高空气象学radio meteorology 无线电气象学boundary layer meteorology 边界层气象学boundary layer climate 边界层气候atmospheric boundary layer 大气边界层air-sea interface 海气界面air-sea exchange 海气交换tracer diffusion experiment 示踪扩散实验surface layer 近地层surface roughness 地面粗糙度atmospheric duct 大气波导advection 平流convection 对流free convection 自由对流forced convection 强迫对流convection cell 对流单体Benard cell 贝纳胞Benard convection 贝纳对流convection model 对流模式updraught 上曳气流downdraught 下曳气流transitional flow 过渡气流dry deposition 干沉降wet deposition 湿沉降aerosol 气溶胶aerosol particle size distribution 气溶胶粒子谱aqueous aerosol 湿气溶胶stratospheric aerosol 平流层气溶胶hail generation zone 冰雹生成区conical hail 锥形冰雹hail embryo 雹核hail lobe 雹瓣hail pellet 雹粒cumulonimbus model 积雨云模式condensation process 凝结过程cloud condensation nuclei, CCN 云凝结核artificial nucleation 人工成核作用cloud top temperature 云顶温度ice-water mixed cloud 冰水混合云cloud structure 云结构cloud particle sampler 云滴采样器cloud droplet-size distribution 云滴谱cloud droplet collector 云滴谱仪raindrop size distribution 雨滴谱drop-size distribution parameter 滴谱参数disdrometer, raindrop disdrometer 雨滴谱仪fog-drop 雾滴cloud droplet 云滴supercooled cloud droplet 过冷云滴drop spectrum 滴谱collision 碰撞coagulation 碰并ice crystal 冰晶ice needle 冰针ice nucleus 冰核ice point 冰点condensation 凝结evaporation 蒸发potential evaporation 潜在蒸发solidification 凝固deposition 凝华sublimation 升华freezing 冻结freezing nucleus 冻结核condensation nucleus 凝结核salt nucleus 盐核cloud chamber 云室combustion nucleus 燃烧核deposition nucleus 凝华核weather modification 人工影响天气target area 目标区cloud dissipation 消云salt-seeding 盐粉播撒frost prevention 防霜cloud seeding 播云cloud seeding agent 播云剂artificial precipitation 人工降水hail suppression 防雹fog dissipation 消雾dynamic cloud seeding 动力播云radar meteorology 雷达气象学meteorological radar equation 气象雷达方程radar meteorological observation 雷达气象观测radar reflectivity factor 雷达反射率因子radar equivalent reflectivity factor 雷达等效反射率因子weather echo 天气回波cloud echo 云回波echo wall 回波墙superrefraction echo 超折射回波second trip echo 二次回波incoherent echo 非相干回波coherent echo 相干回波ground echo 地物回波clear air echo 晴空回波convective echo 对流回波whirling echo 涡旋状回波spiral rain-band echo 螺旋雨带回波layered echo 层状回波banded echo 带状回波hook echo 钩状回波weak echo vault 弱回波穹窿precipitation echo 降水回波angel echo 异常回波elevated echo 雨幡回波cell echo 单体回波supercell 超级单体multiple-cell echo 多单体回波echo complex 回波复合体cloud top height, CTH 云顶高度echo depth 回波厚度echo character 回波特征echo analysis 回波分析echo distortion 回波畸变radar reflectivity 雷达反射率superrefraction 超折射negative refraction 负折射tropospheric refraction 对流层折射beam filling coefficient 波束充塞系数range bin 距离库range averaging 距离平均azimuth averaging 方位平均range resolution 距离分辨率azimuth resolution 方位角分辨率number of range samples 距离采样数coherent-video signal 相干视频信号quantized signal 量化信号depolarization ratio 退偏振比rotation band 转动谱带Doppler velocity 多普勒速度range ambiguity 距离模糊maximum unambiguous range 最大不模糊距离velocity ambiguity 速度模糊realtime display 实时显示pattern recognition technique 图形识别技术tracking radar echoes by correlation,TREC 雷达回波相关跟踪法thunderstorm monitoring 雷暴监测gray scale 灰[色标]度cloud attenuation 云衰减precipitation attenuation 降水衰减range attenuation 距离衰减echo synthetic chart 回波综合图iso-echo contour 等回波线normalized echo intensity 归一化回波强度isolated cell 孤立单体weak cell 弱单体satellite meteorology 卫星气象学satellite sounding 卫星探测cloud cluster 云团satellite cloud picture 卫星云图sectorized cloud picture 分区云图picture mosaic 拼图image processing 图象处理distortion correction 畸变校正infrared cloud picture 红外云图visible cloud picture 可见光云图nulti-spectral image, MSI 多波段图象microwave image 微波图象image resolution 图象分辨率digitized cloud map 数字化云图enhanced cloud picture 增强云图false-color cloud picture 假彩色云图pseudo-color cloud picture 伪彩色云图full-disc cloud picture 全景圆盘云图nephanalysis 云[层]分析图brightness temperature 亮度温度cloud coverage 云覆盖区cloud street 云街cloud line 云线spiral cloud band 螺旋云带monsoon cloud cluster 季风云团tropical cloud cluster 热带云团squall cloud 飑线云shield cloud 盾状云open [cloud] cells 开口型细胞状云close [cloud] cells 封闭型细胞状云cellular pattern 细胞状云cloud system 云系comma cloud system 逗点云系banded cloud system 带状云系vortex cloud system 涡旋云系jet stream cloud system 急流云系satellite derived wind 卫星云迹风satellite cloud picture analysis 卫星云图分析limb scanning method 临边扫描法limb retrieval 临边反演occultation method 掩星法backscatter ultraviolet technique 紫外辐射后向散射法linear inversion 线性反演water vapor retrieval 水汽反演humidity retrieval 湿度反演limb brightening 临边增亮limb darkening 临边变暗sun glint 日照亮斑atmospheric radiation 大气辐射solar radiation 太阳辐射solar constant 太阳常数monochromatic radiation 单色辐射outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR 向外长波辐射visible light 可见光radiation balance 辐射平衡global radiation 总辐射direct radiation 直接辐射effective radiation 有效辐射scattered radiation 散射辐射diffuse radiation 漫射辐射sky radiation 天空辐射upward [tatal] radiation 向上[全]辐射downward [total] radiation 向下[全]辐射incoming radiation 入射辐射equivalent clear column radiance 等效晴空辐射率atmospheric transmissivity 大气透射率Van Allen radiation belt 范艾伦辐射带albedo of the earth-atmosphere system 地气系统反照率albedo of underlying surface 下垫面反照率earth radiation belt 地球辐射带nocturnal radiation 夜间辐射atmospheric counter radiation 大气逆辐射radiance 辐射率irradiation 辐照irradiance 辐照度reflected radiation 反射辐射albedo 反照率band model 带模式statistical band model 统计带模式regular band model 规则带模式random Elsasser band model 随机爱尔沙色带模式strong-line approximation 强线近似weak-line approximation 弱线近似planetary temperature 行星温度atmospheric attenuation 大气衰减atmospheric absorption 大气吸收atmospheric window 大气窗[atmospheric] absorptivity [大气]吸收率non-scattering atmosphere 无散射大气extinction coefficient 消光系数atmospheric radioactivity 大气放射性atmospheric optics 大气光学atmospheric optical spectrum 大气光谱atmospheric refraction 大气折射atmospheric optical mass 大气光学质量primary scattering 一次散射Mie scattering 米散射multiple scattering 多次散射Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射volume scattering function 体散射函数forward scattering 前向散射backscattering 后向散射scattering cross-section 散射截面backscattering cross-section 后向散射截面one-way attenuation 单程衰减two-way attenuation 双程衰减scattering coefficient 散射系数attenuation coefficient 衰减系数attenuation cross-section 衰减截面absorption cross-section 吸收截面atmospheric polarization 大气偏振night-sky light 夜天光sky brightness, sky luminance 天空亮度atmospheric optical thickness, atmospheric optical depth 大气光学厚度[atmospheric] transparency [大气]透明度atmospheric optical phenomena 大气光学现象atmospheric turbidity 大气浑浊度turbidity factor 浑浊因子mirage 蜃景twilight 曙暮光aurora australis 南极光aurora borealis 北极光anthelion 反日parhelion 假日paraselene 假月46° halo 46度晕22° halo 22度晕solar halo 日晕lunar halo 月晕solar corona 日华lunar corona 月华rainbow 虹secondary rainbow 霓halo 晕corona 华twilight colors 霞airglow 气辉aurora 极光glory 宝光[环]atmospheric electricity 大气电学fair weather electric field 晴天电场air discharge 空中放电cloud-to-cloud discharge, intercloud discharge 云标放电cloud discharge 云放电cloud-to-ground discharge 云地[间]放电ionospheric storm 电离层暴ionospheric sudden disturbance 电离层突扰magnetic storm 磁暴atmospheric electric conductivity 大气电导率atmospheric acoustics 大气声学acoustic sounding 声学探测04. 大气化学atmospheric chemistry 大气化学atmospheric photochemistry 大气光化学atmospheric photolysis 大气光解作用atmospheric ozone 大气臭氧atmospheric trace gas 大气痕量气体photochemical reaction 光化反应photochemical smog 光化烟雾precipitation chemistry 降水化学threshold temperature of ice nucleation 成冰阈温05. 动力气象学dynamic meteorology 动力气象学atmospheric thermodynamics 大气热力学sensible heat 感热latent heat 潜热reversible adiabatic process 可逆绝热过程irreversible adiabatic process 不可逆绝热过程moisture inversion 逆湿thermodynamic equation 热力学方程temperature inversion 逆温turbulence inversion 湍流逆温surface inversion 地面逆温radiation inversion 辐射逆温capping inversion 覆盖逆温subsidence inversion 下沉逆温frontal inversion 锋面逆温inversion layer 逆温层isentropic chart 等熵面图tephigram 温熵图T-ln p diagram 温度-对数压力图temperature gradient 温度梯度temperature advection 温度平流adiabatic ascending 绝热上升adiabatic sinking 绝热下沉adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adiabatic heating 绝热增温pseudo-adiabatic process 假绝热过程diabatic process 非绝热过程convective condensation level, CCL 对流凝结高度mixing condensation level 混合凝结高度temperature lapse rate 气温直减率dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热直减率moist adiabatic lapse rate 湿绝热直减率condensation level, CL 凝结高度condensation efficiency 凝结效率thermal stratification 热力层结equivalent temperature 相当温度virtual temperature 虚温dry adiabatic process 干绝热过程moist adiabatic process 湿绝热过程adiabatic diagram 绝热图pseudo-adiabatic diagram 假绝热图pseudo-adiabatic lapse rate 假绝热直减率potential temperature 位温pseudo-equivalent potential temperature 假相当位温wet-bulb potential temperature 湿球位温wet-bulb pseudo potential temperature 假湿球位温wet-bulb pseudo-temperature 假湿球温度atmospheric dynamics 大气动力学equation of motion 运动方程continuity equation 连续方程equation of state 状态方程vorticity equation 涡度方程divergence equation 散度方程hydrostatic equation 流体静力方程ω-equation ω方程perturbation equation 扰动方程thermal wind equation 热成风方程moisture [conservation] equation 水汽守恒方程advective equation 平流方程balance equation 平衡方程baroclinic process 斜压过程Reynolds stress 雷诺应力meteorological wind tunnel 气象风洞equivalent barotropic atmosphere 相当正压大气hydrostatic adjustment process 静力适应过程geostrophic adjustment 地转适应available potential energy 有效位能enstrophy 涡动拟能geopotential meter 位势米geopotential height 位势高度inertial instability 惯性不稳定free convection level 自由对流高度[atmospheric] stability [大气]稳定度[atmospheric] instability [大气]不稳定度static stability 静力稳定度index of stability 稳定度指数absolute stability 绝对稳定absolute instability 绝对不稳定neutral stability 中性稳定conditional instability 条件[性]不稳定inertial stability 惯性稳定度convective instability 对流不稳定convective stability 对流[性]稳定度atmospheric disturbance 大气扰动nonlinear instability 非线性不稳定[性] conditional instability of the second kind, CISK 第二类条件[性]不稳定shearing instability 切变不稳定barotropic instability 正压不稳定baroclinic instability 斜压不稳定latent instability 潜在不稳定conservation of potential vorticity 位涡守恒tendency equation 倾向方程z-coordinate z坐标p-coordinate p坐标σ-coordinate σ坐标θ-coordinate 位温坐标hybrid coordinate 混合坐标convergence 辐合divergence 辐散divergence 散度horizontal divergence 水平散度steering flow 引导气流vorticity 涡度relative vorticity 相对涡度absolute vorticity 绝对涡度planetary vorticity 行星涡度β-plane β平面conservation of absolute vorticity 绝对涡度守恒geostrophic vorticity 地转涡度cyclonic vorticity 气旋性涡度anticyclonic vorticity 反气旋涡度shearing vorticity 切变涡度curvature vorticity 曲率涡度potential vorticity 位势涡度eddy conductivity 涡动传导率eddy viscosity 涡动粘滞率friction velocity 摩擦速度eddy shearing stress 涡动切应力atmospheric wave 大气波动adjustment of longwave 长波调整inertia wave 惯性波baroclinic wave 斜压波barotropic wave 正压波gravity wave 重力波inertia-gravity wave 惯性重力波internal gravity wave 重力内波external gravity wave 重力外波gravity wave drag 重力波拖曳drag coefficient 拖曳系数orographic drag 地形拖曳orographic wave 地形波lee wave 背风波Helmholtz wave 赫姆霍兹波Kelvin wave 开尔文波Lamb wave 兰姆波Rossby wave 罗斯贝波stationary wave 定常波transient wave 瞬变波solitary wave 孤立波progressive wave 前进波retrograde wave 后退波shearing wave 切变波mixed Rossby-gravity wave 混合罗斯贝重力波ultra-long wave 超长波atmospheric noise 大气噪声Prandtl number 普朗特数Rayleigh number 瑞利数Reynolds number 雷诺数Richardson number 里查森数Froude number 弗劳德数Rossby number 罗斯贝数rotating dishpan experiment 转盘实验Hadley regime 哈得来域Rossby regime 罗斯贝域mixing layer 混合层non-divergence level 无辐散层cyclostrophic wind 旋衡风gradient wind 梯度风countergradient wind 反梯度风subgradient wind 次梯度风supergradient wind 超梯度风thermal wind 热成风veering wind 顺转风backing wind 逆转风wind shear 风切变geostrophic wind 地转风antitriptic wind 摩擦风subgeostrophic wind 次地转风supergeostrophic wind 超地转风ageostrophic wind 非地转风isallobaric wind 变压风jet stream 急流northern branch jet stream 北支急流southern branch jet stream 南支急流basic flow 基本气流subtropical jet stream 副热带急流axis of jet stream 急流轴streamline 流线westerly jet 西风急流convective cloud 对流云deep convection 深对流shallow convection 浅对流line convection 线对流Ekman flow 埃克曼流thermal convection 热对流moist convection 湿对流cumulus convection 积云对流mesoscale convective system, MCS 中尺度对流系统warm advection 暖平流cold advection 冷平流upward flow 上升气流downward flow 下沉气流convective adjustment 对流调整convective parameterization 对流参数化mesoscale convective complex, MCC 中尺度对流复合体geostrophic motion 地转运动quasi-geostrophic motion 准地转运动semi-geostrophic motion 半地转运动ageostrophic motion 非地转运动irrotational motion 无旋运动nondivergent motion 无辐散运动baroclinic atmosphere 斜压大气barotropic atmosphere 正压大气baroclinic mode 斜压模态barotropic mode 正压模态normal mode 正规模态Ekman layer 埃克曼层Ekman spiral 埃克曼螺线atmospheric circulation 大气环流meridional circulation 经向环流zonal circulation 纬向环流Hadley cell 哈得来环流Walker cell 沃克环流direct circulation 直接环流indirect circulation 间接环流[圈]trade-wind circulation 信风环流circulation cell 环流圈local circulation 局地环流three-cell [meridional] circulation 三圈经向环流circulation index 环流指数high index 高指数low index 低指数index cycle 指数循环circulation theorem 环流定理Kelvin's theorem of circulation 开尔文环流定理Bjerknes circulation theorem 皮叶克尼斯环流定理cross-equatorial flow 越赤道气流adjustment of circulation 环流调整mesospheric circulation 中间层环流large-scale circulation 大尺度环流atmospheric center of action 大气活动中心stratospheric sudden warming 平流层爆发[性]增温atmospheric turbulence 大气湍流eddy 涡旋flux 通量turbulent flux 湍流通量isotropic turbulence 各向同性湍流mixing length 混合长K theory of turbulence 湍流[WTHZ]K[WT][HT5H]理论Prandtl mixing-length theory 普朗特混合长理论turbulent boundary layer 湍流边界层laminar boundary layer 层流边界层turbulence spectrum 湍流谱turbulence energy 湍流能量turbulent exchange 湍流交换turbulent diffusion 湍流扩散Eliassen-Palm flux EP通量lateral mixing 侧向混合chaos 混沌numerical weather prediction, NWP 数值天气预报model output statistic prediction, MOS prediction 模式输出统计预报equivalent barotropic model 相当正压模式quasi-geostrophic model 准地转模式filtered model 过滤模式adiabatic model 绝热模式primitive equation model 原始方程模式mesoscale model 中尺度模式scaling 尺度分析synoptic scale 天气尺度planetary scale 行星尺度meso scale 中尺度meso-α scale α中尺度meso-β scale β中尺度meso-γ scale γ中尺度spectral model 谱模式movable fine-mesh model 可移动细网格模式semi-implicit scheme 半隐式格式conservation scheme 守恒格式finite difference model 差分模式upstream scheme 迎风差格式computational instability 线性计算不稳定perturbation method 小扰动法energy cascade 能量串级objective analysis 客观分析physical mode 物理模[态]computational mode 计算模[态]model resolution 模式分辨率skill score 技巧分subgrid scale parameterization 次网格尺度参数化normal mode initialization 正规模[态]初值化dynamic initialization 动力初值化static initialization 静力初值化four-dimensional data assimilation 四维资料同化rigid boundary condition 刚体边界条件spongy boundary condition 海绵边界条件first guess 初估值time smoothing 时间平滑space smoothing 空间平滑。

气象专业留学必背英语单词

气象专业留学必背英语单词气象专业留学必背英语单词气象学是大气科学的一个分支，研究大气中物理现象和物理过程及其变化规律的科学。

下面是小编整理的气象学的英语单词，希望能帮到大家!storm n. 暴风雨 v. 猛攻,捣毁,起风暴 vi. 起风暴,强攻 vt. 猛攻,捣毁torrential adj. 奔流的, 如急流的, (感情、言辞等)猛烈的torrential rain 暴雨droplet n. 小滴，飞沫drought n. 干旱dust storm n. (干燥地区的)尘暴，沙暴sandstorm n. 大风沙，沙尘暴fog n. 雾, 朦胧, 喷雾, 迷惑 vt. &vi.以雾笼罩, 使模糊, 迷惑mist n. 雾,迷蒙,朦胧不清 vt. 使...模糊,蒙上雾 vi. 使...模糊,下雾forecast n. 预测,预报 vt. &vi. 预测predict v. 预知, 预言, 预报frost n. 霜,冰冻,冷漠 vt. &vi. 覆着霜,冻结,结霜typhoon n. 台风hurricane n. 飓风,飓风般猛烈的东西 adj. 有防风罩的`meteorology n. 气象学, 气象状态precipitation n. 坠落, 沉淀, 凝结; 冰雹rainbow n. 彩虹 adj.五彩缤纷的saturate v. 使渗透, 浸, 使饱和 adj. 浸透的, 饱度高的, 深颜色的smog n. 烟雾submerge vt. 使浸没, 潜入水中, 覆盖 vi. 浸没atmosphere n. 大气, 气氛，空气, 格调, 情趣, 气压avalanche n. 雪崩blizzard n. 暴风雪 n.暴雪极负盛名的美国游戏软件制作公司hail n. 冰雹,致敬,招呼 vt. 向...欢呼,致敬,招呼 vi. 下雹 int. 万岁,欢迎climate n. 气候, 风气, 气氛condense v. 浓缩, 摘要, 缩短convection n. 传达, 传导, 对流cold front n. 冷锋，冷面air mass n. 气团crystal adj. 清澈透明的, 晶体的 n. 水晶, 结晶current n. (水、气、电)流, 趋势 adj. 流通的, 现在的, 最近的humidity n. 湿度, 湿气moisture n. 潮湿,湿气devastation n. 破坏, 劫掠dew n. 露水disaster n. 灾难calamity n. 灾难, 不幸事件catastrophe n. 大灾难,大祸,彻底失败shower n. 阵雨,淋浴 vi. 倾盆而下,淋浴 vt. 淋湿,下骤雨,使(大量东西)落在某人身上tempest n. 暴风雨, 骚动tidal wave n. 潮汐波，浪潮thunder n. 雷电,雷声 vt.& vi. 打雷,轰隆地响,大声喊出tropical depression 热带低气压热带气旋vapor n. 蒸汽evaporate v. 蒸发, 失去水分, 消失wind n. 风,气流,风向,管乐器,动向,潮流,空想, 卷绕,一圈 vt. 上发条,缠绕,蜿蜒,使...喘气,使...通风,吹奏 vi. 卷曲, 吹响号角, 迂回wind velocity 风速。

大气科学(气象)专业英语6

Unit Six Severe Storms 第六课：强风暴New Words▪glossary n.词汇▪blizzard n.雪暴▪snowfall n.降雪▪snowdrift n.雪堆▪coat v.覆盖▪hailstorm n.雹暴▪wake n.尾流▪rate v. 评价；rate n. 比率，速度 , e.g., at a rate of，以…的速率▪devastating a. 破坏性的；devastate v. ; devastation n.▪top v. 封顶，盖住； top n. 顶▪radiosonde n. 无线电探空仪▪enlarge v.放大en+… n./adj./--→ v. enrich, endanger, enable,▪downdraft n.下曳气流； updraft n.上升气流▪upper-level n.高层，高空；lower-level n.低层，低空 mid-level 中层▪outflow v.流出； inflow v.流出▪blast n.阵风；gust n.阵风;一阵狂风▪airline n.航线，航空公司；flight n.航班▪typhoon n. 台风；hurricane n. 飓风；tropical cyclone n.热带气旋；tropical storm n. 热带风暴▪cyclone n.气旋；cyclonic a.气旋性的;vortex n.涡旋anticyclone n.反气旋；anticyclonic a.反气旋性的▪destructive a. 破坏性的▪multi-cell n. 多单体； super-cell n.超级单体▪water-rich a. 含水丰富的▪waterspout n.水龙卷 ;tornado n.龙卷；whirl n.旋风，涡旋▪suction n. 虹吸，吸（水）▪exterior n.外部； interior n.内部▪exploration n. 探索▪hook-shaped a. 钩状的Text•According to the Glossary of Meteorology, a storm is “any disturbed state of the atmosphere, especially as affecting the earth’s surface and strongly implying destructive or otherwise unpleasant weather”.•In winter most storms are cyclonic in nature; they cover large areas, produce rain or snow, and often are cold and windy.•These storms usually do more good than harm because the precipitation they yield waters farms and fills streams, lakes, and reservoirs.▪Sometimes winter cyclones become intense as their central pressures fall.▪As a result the winds increase in strength, and if there is adequate atmospheric moisture, there can be flood-causing rains or heavy snow falls that close down entire cities.▪In some cases blizzards occur as a strong, cold winds, that carry the snow into large snow-drifts. ▪In such storms, grazing animals on the open range can become isolated, run out of food, or even freeze to death.▪Among the most dangerous of winter storms are those that produce freezing rain.▪By coating streets, highways, and airports runways with ice, the storms cause a large number of motor vehicle accidents and pose serious hazards at airports.▪Winter storms usually develop gradually, move slowly, and can be predicted with a reasonable degree of accuracy.▪On the other hand, severe storms of a convective nature develop so rapidly and are so small and short-lived that they are difficult to forecast.▪Violent thunderstorms, hailstorms, and tornadoes develop in tens of minutes and can strike with frighten suddenness.▪In minutes a hailstorm can destroy a field of wheat or a tornado can demolish a score of buildings, leaving injured and dead in its wake.▪Another type of severe storms, the hurricanes and its counterparts in other parts of the words, are relatively large, intense tropical cyclones. ▪Although they do not contain the concentrated power of tornadoes, hurricanes are more energetic, larger and longer-lived, and therefore they can do more damage than tornadoes.▪Occasionally, individual violent storms can cause great losses.▪In some parts of the world extreme weather can take human tolls that nearly defy belief.▪For example, a tropical cyclone that struck Bangladesh in November in 1970 took more than a quarter of million lives and rates as one of nature’s most devastating calamities.▪The storm was a Southeast Asian version of the South Atlantic hurricane.Commonly, thunderstorms extend to altitudes of about 10 km and often are topped by anvil clouds composed of the crystals blowing away from the main cloud regions.Although thunderstorms take on many sizes, shapes, and structures, they may be considered to fall into two broad categories: local or air mass thunderstorms and organized thunderstorms.▪Local storms are fairly isolated and have a short lifetime—less than an hour or so.▪A great deal was learned by flying instrumented airplanes through thunderstorms and by observing them by means of radar, radiosonde, and other ground-based instruments.▪A local thunderstorms is made up of one or more “cells” each of which follows a three-stage life cycle: cumulus stage, mature stage and dissipating stage.Paragraph 10-1▪Under the cloud, even before rain reaches the ground, there often is a downward rush of cool air that spreads rapidly outward away from the cloud.▪Depending on the strength of the upper-level winds and of the downdraft, outflowing surface winds can range from light breezes to strong blasts.▪The cool air usually advances ahead of the thunderstorm, and sometimes does appreciable damage to vegetation and buildings.Paragraph 10-2▪The downdrafts and outflowing air and the associated wind shear represent a serious hazard to airplanes in the process of landing and taking off.▪Particularly strong downdrafts have been termed “downbursts” which are responsible for a number of crashes by commercial airlines.Hurricanes飓风Paragraph 11▪Tropical cyclones that occur over the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico and have maximum wind speeds greater than 32.6 m/s (73 mi/hr) are called hurricanes.▪Similar storms over the western North Pacific are called typhoons.▪The ones that develop over the Indian Ocean and affect India and southeast Asia are called cyclones.▪Hurricanes of the Pacific coast of Mexico have been named cyclones by the natives of the country.▪Various other names are used in other parts of the world.▪The paths followed by hurricanes are determined mostly by the prevailing wind currents in which the hurricanes are located.▪In their developing stages the storms are transported by easterly winds that prevail over the tropics.▪As the “steering” current changes, the hurricane path also changes.▪In some cases there are abrupt shifts in the direction of travel.▪As hurricanes move over land or over higher-latitude oceans, they become weaker.▪This occurs primarily because the energy input is reduced as the storm leaves the regions of warm ocean water.▪In addition, when a hurricane passes over a continent, the terrain exerts additional frictional force that act to reduce the speeds.▪Hurricanes passing over land can be very destructive and lethal.▪When hurricane Camille swept into Mississippi in August 1969, it caused about 1.5 billion of damage.▪The torrential rains from hurricane Agnes in 1972 caused massive flooding over the eastern United States.▪Although it was not true in the case of Agnes, loss of life and destruction of property usually are a result of the storm surge, a wave of ocean water generated by the hurricanes winds as the storm approaches the coast.▪A wall of water some 3m or more in height can be produced.▪As it swept over low-lying land, it can cause devastating floods.Hailstones冰雹Paragraph 14▪Hail usually is produced by large, long-lasting thunderstorm classified as multicell or supercell thunderstorms.▪The thunderstorm often are arranged in lines or bands that are call squall lines and occur most often in the spring and early summer months.▪These are the periods when atmospheric conditions are most favorable for the development of violent thunderstorms.▪According to a highly regarded hailstorm model, first offered by two English scientists, hailstones began to form in the water-rich, rising air that enters the cloud along its leading edge.▪As they grow by colliding with supercooled drops, the hailstones fall at increasing speeds through the air and intercept increasing quantities of supercooled water.▪If the updraft speed exceeds the terminal velocity of the hailstones, they are carried upward.▪The upper-level winds move them forward across the upper part of the storm to a region of weaker updrafts.▪If the updrafts are not strong enough to hold up the hailstones, they fall toward the ground.▪After descending several kilometers, some of the stones fall into the strong updraft core and are carried upward again for a second passage through the supercooled cloud.▪A series of such trips can lead to large hailstones.▪As ice particle starting with a diameter of 1 mm can grow to 3 cm after exposure to the high liquid water contents in a strong updraft.▪In thunderstorms with strong, persistent updrafts, large hailstones can be grown without the recycling process.Tornadoes龙卷▪Thunderstorms producing large hail are also likely to produce tornadoes.▪Contrary to the opinions of many people, tornadoes are not particularly energetic.▪ An average tornado contains much less energy than the thunderstorm that produces it, and is appreciably less energetic cyclone.▪But since the energy of a tornado is expended in a short period of time, its power-energy divided by time is relatively high.▪Because of their concentrated power, tornadoes are probably the most feared of all weather phenomena.▪They often strike suddenly, with little warning, and in a few minutes cause extensive damage to property, injuries, and loss of life.▪A tornado may have the appearance of a narrow funnel, cylinder, or rope extending from the base of a thunderstorm to the ground.▪The visible funnel consists mostly of water droplets formed by condensation in the funnel. Near the ground blowing dust, leaves, and other debris identify the presence of a strong vortex. ▪Tornadoes and weak visible vortex observed over water—most often in the tropics and subtropics—are called waterspouts.▪Tornadoes are generally small, typically less than a few hundred meters in diameter, but some are larger than 1 km.▪With rare exceptions the winds are cyclonic, that is , they blow counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.▪The funnels usually touch the ground for only a few minutes or so, but some have been reported to last for much more than an hour.▪The maximum wind speeds in tornadoes usually are between about 33 and 100 m/s (73 and 224 mi/hr), but occasionally they may exceed 120m/s.▪the higher the intensity rating, the greater is the damage potential of a tornado.▪Most of the fatalities and property destruction are caused by a small number of large, long-lived tornadoes.▪During the decade ending in 1970 fewer that 2 percent of the largest tornadoes accounted for 85 percent of the fatalities.▪Within a tornado there are still smaller, intense whirls that Fujita calls suction vortices.▪They have diameters of about 10 m.▪A small, short-lived tornado might have only one;a maxi-tornado would have many suction vortices.▪Fujita proposed that these small vortices account for occasional observations of virtually total destruction of one structure while another one 10 m away is left unscathed.▪The pressure in a tornado funnel is substantially lower than the surrounding atmospheric pressure.▪It has been estimated that in a very severe tornado the central pressure might be more than 100mb less than the pressure outside the funnel.▪The pressure differences between the interior and exterior of a tornado can account in part for the damage to buildings whose doors and windows are closed tightly.▪When a tornado moves over such a structure, the outside pressure drops rapidly while the pressure inside falls more slowly.▪The resulting pressure differences augment those caused by the dynamical effects of the wind.▪When the pressure inside a building substantially exceeds the pressure on the outside, the result is a strong outward pressure force.▪Such a force can do extensive damage; in some cases it could pick up the roof and blow out the wall of a building.▪Tornadoes– as is the case with hail – are most frequent in the late afternoon and early evening and occur in the spring and early summer months.▪It is during this period that the necessary meteorological conditions are most likely to be present.▪Even in these years of space exploration, many tornadoes are detected visually by ordinary citizens who spot the funnels and notify local officials.▪Increasingly, radar is being used to detect and track tornado storms.▪Conventional radars cannot specially identify a tornado, and therefore it is necessary to use characteristics of the radar echoes to infer the presence of the tornadoes.▪Occasionally, the shape of an echo is a good indication of the presence of ,or the impending formation of tornadoes.▪The most reliable such indicator is a hook-shaped echo extending from a thunderstorm, but most of the time the echo shape is of little use in ascertaining if there is a tornado.▪Thunderstorms that cause intense radar echoes that extend to great altitudes should be regarded as threats to produce hail and tornadoes.▪A Doppler radar can observe the same quantities as can a conventional radar, but in addition it can measure the speed, toward or away, from the radar of targets such as raindrops or other liquid or solid objects.▪Recent research has shown that Doppler radar can identify and locate tornadoes, sometimes as much as 20 minutes before the funnel reaches the ground.。

气象专业英语词汇

主题词表English Chinese01. 大气atmospheric science 大气科学meteorology 气象学theoretical meteorology 理论气象学mesometeorology 中尺度气象学micrometeorology 微气象学physical meteorology 物理气象学atmosphere 大气evolution of atmosphere 大气演化atmospheric impurity 大气杂质atmospheric suspended matter 大气悬浮物atmospheric diffusion 大气扩散atmospheric composition 大气成分atmospheric ion 大气离子atmospheric mass 大气质量air quality 大气品位atmospheric density 大气密度atmospheric subdivision 大气分层homosphere 均质层heterosphere 非均质层homopause 均质层顶significant level 特性层standard [pressure] level 标准层isothermal layer 等温层lower atmosphere 低层大气middle atmosphere 中层大气upper atmosphere 高层大气troposphere 对流层tropopause 对流层顶stratosphere 平流层stratopause 平流层顶mesosphere 中间层mesopause 中间层顶thermosphere 热层exosphere 外[逸]层ionosphere 电离层magnetosphere 磁层magnetopause 磁层顶chemosphere 光化层chemopause 光化层顶ozonosphere 臭氧层free atmosphere 自由大气planetary atmosphere 行星大气standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere) 标准大气（参考大气）homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气isothermal atmosphere 等温大气polytropic atmosphere 多元大气scale height 大气标高meteorological element 气象要素air temperature 气温wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度dry-bulb temperature 干球温度temperature profile 温度廓线atmospheric pressure 气压standard atmosphere pressure 标准大气压station pressure 本站气压sea-level pressure 海平面气压pressure gradient 气压梯度barometric height formula 压高公式pressure gradient force 气压梯度力Coriolis force 科里奥利力water vapor 水[蒸]汽transfer of water vapor 水汽输送water vapor profile 水汽廓线water vapor pressure 水汽压humidity 湿度relative humidity 相对湿度absolute humidity 绝对湿度specific humidity 比湿mixing ratio 混合比dew point [temperature] 露点(温度) depression of the dew point （温度）露点差super-saturated air 过饱和空气saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿saturation vapor pressure 饱和水汽压psychrometric formula 测湿公式saturation deficit 饱和差international cloud atlas 国际云图cloud 云low cloud 低云middle cloud 中云high cloud 高云cloud base 云底cloud top 云顶cloud ceiling 云幂cloud amount 云量total cloud cover 总云量cloud with vertical development 直展云cloud height 云高cloud genera 云属cloud etage 云族cloud species 云种cloud variety 云类cloud form 云状cirrus, Ci 卷云cirrus fibratus, Ci fib 毛卷云cirrus spissatus, Ci spi 密卷云cirrus uncinus, Ci unc 钩卷云cirrostratus, Cs 卷层云cirrostratus fibratus, Cs fib 毛卷层云cirrostratus nebulosus, Cs neb 薄幕卷层云cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云altocumulus, Ac 高积云altocumulus translucidus, Ac tr 透光高积云altocumulus opacus, Ac op 蔽光高积云altocumulus lenticularis, Ac len 荚状高积云altocumulus cumulogenitus, Ac cug 积云性高积云altocumulus floccus 絮状高积云altocumulus castellanus, Ac cas 堡状高积云altostratus, As 高层云altostratus translucidus, As tr 透光高层云altostratus opacus, As op 蔽光高层云cumulus, Cu 积云cumulus humilis, Cu hum 淡积云cumulus mediocris, Cu med 中展积云cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云cumulus congestus, Cu con 浓积云cumulonimbus, Cb 积雨云cumulonimbus calvus, Cb cal 秃积雨云cumulonimbus capillatus, Cb cap 鬃积雨云stratocumulus, Sc 层积云stratocumulus translucidus, Sc tr 透光层积云stratocumulus opacus, Sc op 蔽光层积云stratocumulus cumulogenitus, Sc cug 积云性层积云stratocumulus castellanus, Sc cas 堡状层积云stratocumulus lenticularis, Sc len 荚状层积云stratus, St 层云stratus fractus, St fra 碎层云nimbostratus, Ns 雨层云stratiform cloud 层状云cumuliform cloud 积状云fracto-nimbus,Fn 碎雨云chaotic sky 混乱天空cold cloud 冷云warm cloud 暖云ice cloud 冰云water cloud 水云hail cloud [冰]雹云wind 风wind direction 风向wind speed, wind velocity 风速maximum wind speed 最大风速extreme wind speed 极大风速wind speed profile 风速廓线horizontal wind vector 水平风矢量wind force 风力wind force scale 风级Beaufort [wind] scale 蒲福风级calm 0级风light air 1级风light breeze 2级风gentle breeze 3级风moderate breeze 4级风fresh breeze 5级风strong breeze 6级风near gale 7级风gale 8级风strong gale 9级风storm 10级风violent storm 11级风hurricane 12级风gust 阵风local wind 地方性风surface wind 地面风foehn 焚风mountain-valley breeze 山谷风sea-land breeze 海陆风on-shore wind 向岸风off-shore wind 离岸风gorge wind 峡谷风slope wind 坡风glacier breeze 冰川风drainage wind 流泄风visibility 能见度effective visibility 有效能见度visual range of light 灯光能见距离surface visibility 地面能见度horizontal visibility 水平能见度vertical visibility 垂直能见度slant visibility 倾斜能见度meteor 大气现象weather phenomenon 天气现象clear sky 晴天partly cloudy 少云cloudy 多云overcast 阴天blue of the sky 天空蓝度apparent form of the sky 天穹形状state of ground 地面状态sky condition 天空状况precipitation 降水amount of precipitation 降水量precipitation intensity 降水强度showery precipitation 阵性降水convective precipitation 对流性降水non-convective precipitation 非对流性降水orographic precipitation 地形降水rain 雨rain virga 雨幡rain drop 雨滴rain shadow 雨影glaze 雨凇rain day 雨日rainfall [amount] 雨量continuous precipitation 连续性降水intermittent precipitation 间歇性降水showery rain 阵雨freezing rain 冻雨drizzle 毛毛雨light rain 小雨moderate rain 中雨heavy rain 大雨torrential rain 暴雨local precipitation 地方性降水orographic rain 地形雨storm 风暴sandstorm, duststorm 沙[尘]暴hail storm 雹暴haze 霾haze aloft 高空霾dust 浮尘blowing sand 高吹沙drifting sand 低吹沙dew 露frost 霜frost point 霜点first frost 初霜latest frost 终霜tornado 龙卷dust devil 尘卷风squall 飑snow 雪snow virga 雪幡sleet 雨夹雪showery snow 阵雪snow crystal 雪晶snowflake 雪花snow grains 米雪snowstorm 雪暴driven snow 吹雪drifting snow 低吹雪blowing snow 高吹雪snow cover 积雪snowfall [amount] 雪量snow depth 雪深snow day 雪日icing 积冰wire icing 电线积冰hail 冰雹hailstone 雹块ice pellet 冰丸thunder 雷thunderstorm 雷暴thunder shower 雷阵雨orographic thunderstorm 地形雷暴thunderstorm cell 雷暴单体atmospherics 天电lightning 闪电lightning channel 闪电通道forked lightning 叉状闪电sheet lightning 片状闪电ball lightning 球状闪电streak lightning 条状闪电pearl-necklace lightning 串珠状闪电fog 雾mist 轻雾wet fog 湿雾sea fog 海雾ice fog 冰雾frontal fog 锋面雾advection fog 平流雾radiation fog 辐射雾advection-radiation fog 平流辐射雾mixing fog 混合雾evaporation fog 蒸发雾supercooled fog 过冷却雾ground fog 地面雾upslope fog 上坡雾air-mass fog 气团雾tropical air fog 热带气团雾rime 雾凇graupel 霰percentage of sunshine 日照百分率sunshine duration 日照时数duration of possible sunshine 可照时数02. 大气探测atmospheric sounding and observing 大气探测meteorological observation 气象观测synoptic observation 天气观测synoptic hour 天气观测时间principal synoptic observation 基本天气观测intermediate synoptic observation 辅助天气观测surface observation 地面观测visual observation 目测background pollution observation 本底污染观测field observation 外场观测conventional observation 常规观测non-conventional observation 非常规观测ship observation 船舶观测fixed point observation 定点观测space-based observation 空基观测ground-based observation 地基观测mountain observation 山地观测sounding 探空upper air observation 高空观测auxiliary ship observation, ASO 辅助船舶观测aircraft sounding 飞机探测rocket sounding 火箭探测radio sounding 无线电探空captive balloon sounding 系留气球探测pilot balloon observation 测风气球观测radiowind observation 无线电测风观测standard time of observation 标准观测时间actual time of observation 实际观测时间observational frequency 观测次数observational error 观测误差supplementary observation 补充观测autographic records 自记记录surface data 地面资料upper air data 高空资料barometer level 气压表高度pressure reduction 气压换算barometric correction 气压订正international synoptic code 国际[天气]电码network of meteorological station 气象台站网observation site 观测场meteorological platform 气象观测平台ocean weather station 海洋气象站fixed ship station 固定船舶站mobile ship station 移动船舶站mountain observation station 高山[观]测站automatic meteorological station 自动气象站meteorological instrument 气象仪器screen,instrument shelter 百叶箱thermometer 温度表telethermometer 遥测温度表thermograph 温度计geothermometer 地温表surface geothermometer 地面温度表angle geothermometer 曲管地温表tube-typed geothermometer 直管地温表grass thermometer 草温表maximum thermometer 最高温度表minimum thermometer 最低温度表mercury thermometer 水银温度表Lyman-α hygrometer 莱曼-α湿度表bimetallic thermograph 双金属片温度计barograph 气压计aneroid barograph 空盒气压计mountain barograph 高山气压计barometer 气压表aneroid barometer 空盒气压表ship-barometer 船用气压表mountain barometer 高山气压表pressure altimeter 气压测高表normal barometer 标准气压表national standard barometer 国家标准气压表regional standard barometer 区域标准气压表absolute standard barometer 绝对标准气压表microbarograph 微压计mercury barometer 水银气压表Fortin barometer 福丁气压表Kew pattern barometer 寇乌气压表hygrograph 湿度计hygrometer 湿度表psychrometer 干湿表aspirated psychrometer 通风干湿表standard aspirated psychrometer 标准通风干湿表whirling psychrometer, sling psychrometer 手摇干湿表Assmann psychrometer 阿斯曼干湿表dew-point hygrometer 露点湿度表hair hygrometer 毛发湿度表hair hygrograph 毛发湿度计black and white bulb thermometer 黑白球温度表barothermograph 气压温度计dry-bulb thermometer 干球温度表wet-bulb thermometer 湿球温度表sunshine recorder 日照计Jordan sunshine recorder 乔唐日照计Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder 康培尔-司托克日照计pyrheliometer 直接辐射表pyranometer 总辐射表sky radiometer diffusometer 天空辐射表albedometer 反照率表pyranometer 净辐射表pilot-balloon plotting board 测风绘图板hail-rain separator 雹雨分离器evaporograph 蒸发计evaporation pan 小型蒸发器evaporation tank 大型蒸发器standard pan 标准蒸发器ceiling projector 云幂灯visibility meter,visiometer 能见度表raingauge 雨量器pluviograph,recording raingauge 雨量计accumulative raingauge 累计雨量器tilting bucket raingauge 翻斗[式]雨量计electric conductivity raingauge 水导[式]雨量计siphon rainfall recorder 虹吸[式]雨量计rainfall intensity recorder 雨强计telemetering pluviograph 遥测雨量计wind vane 风向标anemometer 风速表contact anemometer 电接风速表cup anemometer 转杯风速表propeller anemometer 螺旋桨[式]风速表anemorumbometer 风向风速表hot-wire anemometer 热线风速表strong wind anemograph 强风仪navaid wind-finding 导航测风laser ceilometer 激光云幂仪anemograph 风速计radio theodolite 无线电经纬仪aerological theodolite 测风经纬仪radiosonde 无线电探空仪dropsonde 下投式探空仪constant level balloon 定高气球ultrasonic anemometer 超声测风仪ceiling balloon 云幂气球meteorological aircraft 气象飞机snow scale,snow depth scale 量雪尺weighting snow-gauge 称雪器drosometer, dewgauge 测露表frozen soil apparatus 冻土器sonde 探空仪profiler 廓线仪meteorological rocket 气象火箭sounding rocket 探空火箭weather radar 天气雷达meteorological radar 气象雷达lidar 激光雷达sodar, acoustic radar 声[雷]达Doppler radar 多普勒天气雷达incoherent radar 非相干雷达radar network composite 雷达组网radar sounding 雷达探空windfinding radar 测风雷达Doppler sodar 多普勒声达Doppler lidar 多普勒激光雷达MST radar MST雷达UHF Doppler radar 超高频雷达VHF radar 甚高频雷达coherent memory filter,CMF 相干存储滤波器radar rainfall integrator 雷达雨量积分器range velocity display, RVD 距离速度显示velocity azimuth display, VAD 速度方位显示constant altitude plan position indicator, CAPPI 等高平面位置显示器plan postion indicator, PPI 平面位置显示器plan shear indicator, PSI 平面切变显示器velocity azimuth range display, VARD 速度方位距离显示radarsonde 雷达测风仪atmospheric remote sensing 大气遥感inverse technique 反演法temperature retrieval 温度反演inversion of satellite sounding 卫星探测反演meteorological satellite 气象卫星NIMBUS 雨云卫星NOAA 诺阿卫星polar-orbiting meteorological satellite 极轨气象卫星TIROS 泰罗斯卫星TIROS-N 泰罗斯-N卫星ESSA 艾萨卫星ITOS 艾托斯卫星geostationary meteorological satellite,GMS 地球静止气象卫星meteorological satellite ground station 气象卫星地面站microwave radiometer 微波辐射仪high resolution interferometric sounder 高分辨[率]干涉探测器high resolution infrared radiation sounder, HRIRS 高分辨[率]红外辐射探测器scanning radiometer, SR 扫描辐射仪very high resolution radiometer, VHRR 甚高分辨率辐射仪vertical temperature profile radiometer 温度垂直廓线辐射仪data collection platform, DCP 资料收集平台automatic picture transmission, APT 自动图象传输high resolution picture transmission, HRPT 高分辨[率]图象传输high resolution facsimile, HR-FAX 高分辨率[云图]传真low resolution facsimile, LR-FAX 低分辨率[云图]传真delay picture transmission, DPT 延时图象传输direct read-out ground station 直读式地面站weather facsimile, WEFAX 天气图传真synoptic data 天气资料non-synoptic data 非天气资料real time data 实时资料non-real time data 非实时资料stretched data 时展资料sub-satellite point [卫星]星下点temporal resolution 时间分辨率spatial resolution 空间分辨率full resolution 全分辨率radiation transfer equation 辐射传输方程atmospheric transmission model 大气传输模式03. 大气物理学atmospheric physics 大气物理[学]cloud physics 云物理学precipitation physics 降水物理学cloud dynamics 云动力学middle atmospheric physics 中层大气物理学aeronomy 高空大气学aerology 高空气象学radio meteorology 无线电气象学boundary layer meteorology 边界层气象学boundary layer climate 边界层气候atmospheric boundary layer 大气边界层air-sea interface 海气界面air-sea exchange 海气交换tracer diffusion experiment 示踪扩散实验surface layer 近地层surface roughness 地面粗糙度atmospheric duct 大气波导advection 平流convection 对流free convection 自由对流forced convection 强迫对流convection cell 对流单体Benard cell 贝纳胞Benard convection 贝纳对流convection model 对流模式updraught 上曳气流downdraught 下曳气流transitional flow 过渡气流dry deposition 干沉降wet deposition 湿沉降aerosol 气溶胶aerosol particle size distribution 气溶胶粒子谱aqueous aerosol 湿气溶胶stratospheric aerosol 平流层气溶胶hail generation zone 冰雹生成区conical hail 锥形冰雹hail embryo 雹核hail lobe 雹瓣hail pellet 雹粒cumulonimbus model 积雨云模式condensation process 凝结过程cloud condensation nuclei, CCN 云凝结核artificial nucleation 人工成核作用cloud top temperature 云顶温度ice-water mixed cloud 冰水混合云cloud structure 云结构cloud particle sampler 云滴采样器cloud droplet-size distribution 云滴谱cloud droplet collector 云滴谱仪raindrop size distribution 雨滴谱drop-size distribution parameter 滴谱参数disdrometer, raindrop disdrometer 雨滴谱仪fog-drop 雾滴cloud droplet 云滴supercooled cloud droplet 过冷云滴drop spectrum 滴谱collision 碰撞coagulation 碰并ice crystal 冰晶ice needle 冰针ice nucleus 冰核ice point 冰点condensation 凝结evaporation 蒸发potential evaporation 潜在蒸发solidification 凝固deposition 凝华sublimation 升华freezing 冻结freezing nucleus 冻结核condensation nucleus 凝结核salt nucleus 盐核cloud chamber 云室combustion nucleus 燃烧核deposition nucleus 凝华核weather modification 人工影响天气target area 目标区cloud dissipation 消云salt-seeding 盐粉播撒frost prevention 防霜cloud seeding 播云cloud seeding agent 播云剂artificial precipitation 人工降水hail suppression 防雹fog dissipation 消雾dynamic cloud seeding 动力播云radar meteorology 雷达气象学meteorological radar equation 气象雷达方程radar meteorological observation 雷达气象观测radar reflectivity factor 雷达反射率因子radar equivalent reflectivity factor 雷达等效反射率因子weather echo 天气回波cloud echo 云回波echo wall 回波墙superrefraction echo 超折射回波second trip echo 二次回波incoherent echo 非相干回波coherent echo 相干回波ground echo 地物回波clear air echo 晴空回波convective echo 对流回波whirling echo 涡旋状回波spiral rain-band echo 螺旋雨带回波layered echo 层状回波banded echo 带状回波hook echo 钩状回波weak echo vault 弱回波穹窿precipitation echo 降水回波angel echo 异常回波elevated echo 雨幡回波cell echo 单体回波supercell 超级单体multiple-cell echo 多单体回波echo complex 回波复合体cloud top height, CTH 云顶高度echo depth 回波厚度echo character 回波特征echo analysis 回波分析echo distortion 回波畸变radar reflectivity 雷达反射率superrefraction 超折射negative refraction 负折射tropospheric refraction 对流层折射beam filling coefficient 波束充塞系数range bin 距离库range averaging 距离平均azimuth averaging 方位平均range resolution 距离分辨率azimuth resolution 方位角分辨率number of range samples 距离采样数coherent-video signal 相干视频信号quantized signal 量化信号depolarization ratio 退偏振比rotation band 转动谱带Doppler velocity 多普勒速度range ambiguity 距离模糊maximum unambiguous range 最大不模糊距离velocity ambiguity 速度模糊realtime display 实时显示pattern recognition technique 图形识别技术tracking radar echoes by correlation,TREC 雷达回波相关跟踪法thunderstorm monitoring 雷暴监测gray scale 灰[色标]度cloud attenuation 云衰减precipitation attenuation 降水衰减range attenuation 距离衰减echo synthetic chart 回波综合图iso-echo contour 等回波线normalized echo intensity 归一化回波强度isolated cell 孤立单体weak cell 弱单体satellite meteorology 卫星气象学satellite sounding 卫星探测cloud cluster 云团satellite cloud picture 卫星云图sectorized cloud picture 分区云图picture mosaic 拼图image processing 图象处理distortion correction 畸变校正infrared cloud picture 红外云图visible cloud picture 可见光云图nulti-spectral image, MSI 多波段图象microwave image 微波图象image resolution 图象分辨率digitized cloud map 数字化云图enhanced cloud picture 增强云图false-color cloud picture 假彩色云图pseudo-color cloud picture 伪彩色云图full-disc cloud picture 全景圆盘云图nephanalysis 云[层]分析图brightness temperature 亮度温度cloud coverage 云覆盖区cloud street 云街cloud line 云线spiral cloud band 螺旋云带monsoon cloud cluster 季风云团tropical cloud cluster 热带云团squall cloud 飑线云shield cloud 盾状云open [cloud] cells 开口型细胞状云close [cloud] cells 封闭型细胞状云cellular pattern 细胞状云cloud system 云系comma cloud system 逗点云系banded cloud system 带状云系vortex cloud system 涡旋云系jet stream cloud system 急流云系satellite derived wind 卫星云迹风satellite cloud picture analysis 卫星云图分析limb scanning method 临边扫描法limb retrieval 临边反演occultation method 掩星法backscatter ultraviolet technique 紫外辐射后向散射法linear inversion 线性反演water vapor retrieval 水汽反演humidity retrieval 湿度反演limb brightening 临边增亮limb darkening 临边变暗sun glint 日照亮斑atmospheric radiation 大气辐射solar radiation 太阳辐射solar constant 太阳常数monochromatic radiation 单色辐射outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR 向外长波辐射visible light 可见光radiation balance 辐射平衡global radiation 总辐射direct radiation 直接辐射effective radiation 有效辐射scattered radiation 散射辐射diffuse radiation 漫射辐射sky radiation 天空辐射upward [tatal] radiation 向上[全]辐射downward [total] radiation 向下[全]辐射incoming radiation 入射辐射equivalent clear column radiance 等效晴空辐射率atmospheric transmissivity 大气透射率Van Allen radiation belt 范艾伦辐射带albedo of the earth-atmosphere system 地气系统反照率albedo of underlying surface 下垫面反照率earth radiation belt 地球辐射带nocturnal radiation 夜间辐射atmospheric counter radiation 大气逆辐射radiance 辐射率irradiation 辐照irradiance 辐照度reflected radiation 反射辐射albedo 反照率band model 带模式statistical band model 统计带模式regular band model 规则带模式random Elsasser band model 随机爱尔沙色带模式strong-line approximation 强线近似weak-line approximation 弱线近似planetary temperature 行星温度atmospheric attenuation 大气衰减atmospheric absorption 大气吸收atmospheric window 大气窗[atmospheric] absorptivity [大气]吸收率non-scattering atmosphere 无散射大气extinction coefficient 消光系数atmospheric radioactivity 大气放射性atmospheric optics 大气光学atmospheric optical spectrum 大气光谱atmospheric refraction 大气折射atmospheric optical mass 大气光学质量primary scattering 一次散射Mie scattering 米散射multiple scattering 多次散射Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射volume scattering function 体散射函数forward scattering 前向散射backscattering 后向散射scattering cross-section 散射截面backscattering cross-section 后向散射截面one-way attenuation 单程衰减two-way attenuation 双程衰减scattering coefficient 散射系数attenuation coefficient 衰减系数attenuation cross-section 衰减截面absorption cross-section 吸收截面atmospheric polarization 大气偏振night-sky light 夜天光sky brightness, sky luminance 天空亮度atmospheric optical thickness, atmospheric optical depth 大气光学厚度[atmospheric] transparency [大气]透明度atmospheric optical phenomena 大气光学现象atmospheric turbidity 大气浑浊度turbidity factor 浑浊因子mirage 蜃景twilight 曙暮光aurora australis 南极光aurora borealis 北极光anthelion 反日parhelion 假日paraselene 假月46° halo 46度晕22° halo 22度晕solar halo 日晕lunar halo 月晕solar corona 日华lunar corona 月华rainbow 虹secondary rainbow 霓halo 晕corona 华twilight colors 霞airglow 气辉aurora 极光glory 宝光[环]atmospheric electricity 大气电学fair weather electric field 晴天电场air discharge 空中放电cloud-to-cloud discharge, intercloud discharge 云标放电cloud discharge 云放电cloud-to-ground discharge 云地[间]放电ionospheric storm 电离层暴ionospheric sudden disturbance 电离层突扰magnetic storm 磁暴atmospheric electric conductivity 大气电导率atmospheric acoustics 大气声学acoustic sounding 声学探测04. 大气化学atmospheric chemistry 大气化学atmospheric photochemistry 大气光化学atmospheric photolysis 大气光解作用atmospheric ozone 大气臭氧atmospheric trace gas 大气痕量气体photochemical reaction 光化反应photochemical smog 光化烟雾precipitation chemistry 降水化学threshold temperature of ice nucleation 成冰阈温05. 动力气象学dynamic meteorology 动力气象学atmospheric thermodynamics 大气热力学sensible heat 感热latent heat 潜热reversible adiabatic process 可逆绝热过程irreversible adiabatic process 不可逆绝热过程moisture inversion 逆湿thermodynamic equation 热力学方程temperature inversion 逆温turbulence inversion 湍流逆温surface inversion 地面逆温radiation inversion 辐射逆温capping inversion 覆盖逆温subsidence inversion 下沉逆温frontal inversion 锋面逆温inversion layer 逆温层isentropic chart 等熵面图tephigram 温熵图T-ln p diagram 温度-对数压力图temperature gradient 温度梯度temperature advection 温度平流adiabatic ascending 绝热上升adiabatic sinking 绝热下沉adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adiabatic heating 绝热增温pseudo-adiabatic process 假绝热过程diabatic process 非绝热过程convective condensation level, CCL 对流凝结高度mixing condensation level 混合凝结高度temperature lapse rate 气温直减率dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热直减率moist adiabatic lapse rate 湿绝热直减率condensation level, CL 凝结高度condensation efficiency 凝结效率thermal stratification 热力层结equivalent temperature 相当温度virtual temperature 虚温dry adiabatic process 干绝热过程moist adiabatic process 湿绝热过程adiabatic diagram 绝热图pseudo-adiabatic diagram 假绝热图pseudo-adiabatic lapse rate 假绝热直减率potential temperature 位温pseudo-equivalent potential temperature 假相当位温wet-bulb potential temperature 湿球位温wet-bulb pseudo potential temperature 假湿球位温wet-bulb pseudo-temperature 假湿球温度atmospheric dynamics 大气动力学equation of motion 运动方程continuity equation 连续方程equation of state 状态方程vorticity equation 涡度方程divergence equation 散度方程hydrostatic equation 流体静力方程ω-equation ω方程perturbation equation 扰动方程thermal wind equation 热成风方程moisture [conservation] equation 水汽守恒方程advective equation 平流方程balance equation 平衡方程baroclinic process 斜压过程Reynolds stress 雷诺应力meteorological wind tunnel 气象风洞equivalent barotropic atmosphere 相当正压大气hydrostatic adjustment process 静力适应过程geostrophic adjustment 地转适应available potential energy 有效位能enstrophy 涡动拟能geopotential meter 位势米geopotential height 位势高度inertial instability 惯性不稳定free convection level 自由对流高度[atmospheric] stability [大气]稳定度[atmospheric] instability [大气]不稳定度static stability 静力稳定度index of stability 稳定度指数absolute stability 绝对稳定absolute instability 绝对不稳定neutral stability 中性稳定conditional instability 条件[性]不稳定inertial stability 惯性稳定度convective instability 对流不稳定convective stability 对流[性]稳定度atmospheric disturbance 大气扰动nonlinear instability 非线性不稳定[性] conditional instability of the second kind, CISK 第二类条件[性]不稳定shearing instability 切变不稳定barotropic instability 正压不稳定baroclinic instability 斜压不稳定latent instability 潜在不稳定conservation of potential vorticity 位涡守恒tendency equation 倾向方程z-coordinate z坐标p-coordinate p坐标σ-coordinate σ坐标θ-coordinate 位温坐标hybrid coordinate 混合坐标convergence 辐合divergence 辐散divergence 散度horizontal divergence 水平散度steering flow 引导气流vorticity 涡度relative vorticity 相对涡度absolute vorticity 绝对涡度planetary vorticity 行星涡度β-plane β平面conservation of absolute vorticity 绝对涡度守恒geostrophic vorticity 地转涡度cyclonic vorticity 气旋性涡度anticyclonic vorticity 反气旋涡度shearing vorticity 切变涡度curvature vorticity 曲率涡度potential vorticity 位势涡度eddy conductivity 涡动传导率eddy viscosity 涡动粘滞率friction velocity 摩擦速度eddy shearing stress 涡动切应力atmospheric wave 大气波动adjustment of longwave 长波调整inertia wave 惯性波baroclinic wave 斜压波barotropic wave 正压波gravity wave 重力波inertia-gravity wave 惯性重力波internal gravity wave 重力内波external gravity wave 重力外波gravity wave drag 重力波拖曳drag coefficient 拖曳系数orographic drag 地形拖曳orographic wave 地形波lee wave 背风波Helmholtz wave 赫姆霍兹波Kelvin wave 开尔文波Lamb wave 兰姆波Rossby wave 罗斯贝波stationary wave 定常波transient wave 瞬变波solitary wave 孤立波progressive wave 前进波retrograde wave 后退波shearing wave 切变波mixed Rossby-gravity wave 混合罗斯贝重力波ultra-long wave 超长波atmospheric noise 大气噪声Prandtl number 普朗特数Rayleigh number 瑞利数Reynolds number 雷诺数Richardson number 里查森数Froude number 弗劳德数Rossby number 罗斯贝数rotating dishpan experiment 转盘实验Hadley regime 哈得来域Rossby regime 罗斯贝域mixing layer 混合层non-divergence level 无辐散层cyclostrophic wind 旋衡风gradient wind 梯度风countergradient wind 反梯度风subgradient wind 次梯度风supergradient wind 超梯度风thermal wind 热成风veering wind 顺转风backing wind 逆转风wind shear 风切变geostrophic wind 地转风antitriptic wind 摩擦风subgeostrophic wind 次地转风supergeostrophic wind 超地转风ageostrophic wind 非地转风isallobaric wind 变压风jet stream 急流northern branch jet stream 北支急流southern branch jet stream 南支急流basic flow 基本气流subtropical jet stream 副热带急流axis of jet stream 急流轴streamline 流线westerly jet 西风急流convective cloud 对流云deep convection 深对流shallow convection 浅对流line convection 线对流Ekman flow 埃克曼流thermal convection 热对流moist convection 湿对流cumulus convection 积云对流mesoscale convective system, MCS 中尺度对流系统warm advection 暖平流cold advection 冷平流upward flow 上升气流downward flow 下沉气流convective adjustment 对流调整convective parameterization 对流参数化mesoscale convective complex, MCC 中尺度对流复合体geostrophic motion 地转运动quasi-geostrophic motion 准地转运动semi-geostrophic motion 半地转运动ageostrophic motion 非地转运动irrotational motion 无旋运动nondivergent motion 无辐散运动baroclinic atmosphere 斜压大气barotropic atmosphere 正压大气baroclinic mode 斜压模态barotropic mode 正压模态normal mode 正规模态Ekman layer 埃克曼层Ekman spiral 埃克曼螺线atmospheric circulation 大气环流meridional circulation 经向环流zonal circulation 纬向环流Hadley cell 哈得来环流Walker cell 沃克环流direct circulation 直接环流indirect circulation 间接环流[圈]trade-wind circulation 信风环流circulation cell 环流圈local circulation 局地环流three-cell [meridional] circulation 三圈经向环流circulation index 环流指数high index 高指数low index 低指数index cycle 指数循环circulation theorem 环流定理Kelvin's theorem of circulation 开尔文环流定理Bjerknes circulation theorem 皮叶克尼斯环流定理cross-equatorial flow 越赤道气流adjustment of circulation 环流调整mesospheric circulation 中间层环流large-scale circulation 大尺度环流atmospheric center of action 大气活动中心stratospheric sudden warming 平流层爆发[性]增温atmospheric turbulence 大气湍流eddy 涡旋flux 通量turbulent flux 湍流通量isotropic turbulence 各向同性湍流mixing length 混合长K theory of turbulence 湍流[WTHZ]K[WT][HT5H]理论Prandtl mixing-length theory 普朗特混合长理论turbulent boundary layer 湍流边界层laminar boundary layer 层流边界层turbulence spectrum 湍流谱turbulence energy 湍流能量turbulent exchange 湍流交换turbulent diffusion 湍流扩散Eliassen-Palm flux EP通量lateral mixing 侧向混合chaos 混沌numerical weather prediction, NWP 数值天气预报model output statistic prediction, MOS prediction 模式输出统计预报equivalent barotropic model 相当正压模式quasi-geostrophic model 准地转模式filtered model 过滤模式adiabatic model 绝热模式primitive equation model 原始方程模式mesoscale model 中尺度模式scaling 尺度分析synoptic scale 天气尺度planetary scale 行星尺度meso scale 中尺度meso-α scale α中尺度meso-β scale β中尺度meso-γ scale γ中尺度spectral model 谱模式movable fine-mesh model 可移动细网格模式semi-implicit scheme 半隐式格式conservation scheme 守恒格式finite difference model 差分模式upstream scheme 迎风差格式computational instability 线性计算不稳定perturbation method 小扰动法energy cascade 能量串级objective analysis 客观分析physical mode 物理模[态]computational mode 计算模[态]model resolution 模式分辨率skill score 技巧分subgrid scale parameterization 次网格尺度参数化normal mode initialization 正规模[态]初值化dynamic initialization 动力初值化static initialization 静力初值化four-dimensional data assimilation 四维资料同化rigid boundary condition 刚体边界条件spongy boundary condition 海绵边界条件first guess 初估值time smoothing 时间平滑space smoothing 空间平滑automatic data processing 自动资料处理structure function 结构函数split-explicit scheme 分离显式格式bogus data 人造[站]资料hydrostatic check 静力检查difference scheme 差分格式staggered grid 交错网格stagger scheme 交错格式nested grid 套网格pseudospectral method 假谱方法successive correction analysis 逐步订正法optimum interpolation method 最优插值法statistical interpolation method 统计插值法。

气象用语英语词汇

气象用语英语词汇气象用语英语词汇气象用语英语词汇1、气候种类山地气候mountain climate 恒风constant wind 微风breeze冬季季风气候winter monsoon climate 逆风headwind 台风typhoon季风气候monsoon climate 高气压high-pressure 锋面frontal edge亚热带气候sub-tropical climate 气团air mass 热浪heat wave高原气候plateau climate 闪电lightning 雾fog海滨气候littoral climate 凉cool 霜frost极地气候polar climate 雪堆snowdrift 露dew热带气候tropical climate 寒冷chilly 3、风的名称温带沙漠气候temperate desert climate 间歇雨intermittent rain 无风calm温带干燥气候temperate arid climate 大雨heavy rain 轻风light breeze热带季风气候tropical monsson climate 信风trade wind 微风gentle breeze大陆气候continental climate 天气预报weather forecast 和风moderate breeze沙漠气候desert climate 甘霖welcome rain 清风fresh breeze沿海气候coastal climate 冰柱icicle 强风strong breeze高地气候highland climate 西北风northwester 疾风near gale海洋气候marine climate 地形雨local rains 大风gale森林气候forest climate 狂风squall 烈风strong gale温带气候temperate climate 雨季rainy season 狂风storm湿润气候humid climate 雨点raindrops 暴风violent storm温带草原气候temperate grassy climate 东北信风northeast trades 飓风hurricane热带雨林气候tropical rainy climate 东南风southeaster 台风typhoon热带海洋气候tropical marine climate 风级wind scale 龙卷风tornado2、气象用语虹rainbow 4、浪的名称小雨light rain 阵雨shower 平静calm毛毛雨drizzle,fine rain 疾风gusty wind 微波rippled反常天气freakish weather 气旋cyclone 微浪smooth wavelets北风north wind 气压barometric pressure 细浪light seas冰ice 阴天cloudy day 小浪moderate seas冰点freezing point 雪花snow flake 中浪rough seas西南风southwester 晴clear 大浪very rough seas冷峰cold front 顺风favorable wind 强浪high seas低气压low-pressure 闷热天气muggy weather 巨浪very high seas雨量rainfall 雹hail 狂浪monster waves东北风northeaster 雷thunder 5、自然灾害东风east wind 滂沱大雨downpour 火山地震volcanic earthquake炎热scorching heat 暖锋warm front 海啸tidal wave风眼eye of a storm 零度zero 山崩landslide零度以下subzero气象用语英语词汇相关内容:。

气象专业英语词汇精编版

气象专业英语词汇

主题词表English Chinese01. 大气atmospheric science 大气科学meteorology 气象学theoretical meteorology 理论气象学mesometeorology 中尺度气象学micrometeorology 微气象学physical meteorology 物理气象学atmosphere 大气evolution of atmosphere 大气演化atmospheric impurity 大气杂质atmospheric suspended matter 大气悬浮物atmospheric diffusion 大气扩散atmospheric composition 大气成分atmospheric ion 大气离子atmospheric mass 大气质量air quality 大气品位atmospheric density 大气密度atmospheric subdivision 大气分层homosphere 均质层heterosphere 非均质层homopause 均质层顶significant level 特性层standard [pressure] level 标准层isothermal layer 等温层lower atmosphere 低层大气middle atmosphere 中层大气upper atmosphere 高层大气troposphere 对流层tropopause 对流层顶stratosphere 平流层stratopause 平流层顶mesosphere 中间层mesopause 中间层顶thermosphere 热层exosphere 外[逸]层ionosphere 电离层magnetosphere 磁层magnetopause 磁层顶chemosphere 光化层chemopause 光化层顶ozonosphere 臭氧层free atmosphere 自由大气planetary atmosphere 行星大气standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere) 标准大气（参考大气）homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气isothermal atmosphere 等温大气polytropic atmosphere 多元大气scale height 大气标高meteorological element 气象要素air temperature 气温wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度dry-bulb temperature 干球温度temperature profile 温度廓线atmospheric pressure 气压standard atmosphere pressure 标准大气压station pressure 本站气压sea-level pressure 海平面气压pressure gradient 气压梯度barometric height formula 压高公式pressure gradient force 气压梯度力Coriolis force 科里奥利力water vapor 水[蒸]汽transfer of water vapor 水汽输送water vapor profile 水汽廓线water vapor pressure 水汽压humidity 湿度relative humidity 相对湿度absolute humidity 绝对湿度specific humidity 比湿mixing ratio 混合比dew point [temperature] 露点(温度) depression of the dew point （温度）露点差super-saturated air 过饱和空气saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿saturation vapor pressure 饱和水汽压psychrometric formula 测湿公式saturation deficit 饱和差international cloud atlas 国际云图cloud 云low cloud 低云middle cloud 中云high cloud 高云cloud base 云底cloud top 云顶cloud ceiling 云幂cloud amount 云量total cloud cover 总云量cloud with vertical development 直展云cloud height 云高cloud genera 云属cloud etage 云族cloud species 云种cloud variety 云类cloud form 云状cirrus, Ci 卷云cirrus fibratus, Ci fib 毛卷云cirrus spissatus, Ci spi 密卷云cirrus uncinus, Ci unc 钩卷云cirrostratus, Cs 卷层云cirrostratus fibratus, Cs fib 毛卷层云cirrostratus nebulosus, Cs neb 薄幕卷层云cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云altocumulus, Ac 高积云altocumulus translucidus, Ac tr 透光高积云altocumulus opacus, Ac op 蔽光高积云altocumulus lenticularis, Ac len 荚状高积云altocumulus cumulogenitus, Ac cug 积云性高积云altocumulus floccus 絮状高积云altocumulus castellanus, Ac cas 堡状高积云altostratus, As 高层云altostratus translucidus, As tr 透光高层云altostratus opacus, As op 蔽光高层云cumulus, Cu 积云cumulus humilis, Cu hum 淡积云cumulus mediocris, Cu med 中展积云cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云cumulus congestus, Cu con 浓积云cumulonimbus, Cb 积雨云cumulonimbus calvus, Cb cal 秃积雨云cumulonimbus capillatus, Cb cap 鬃积雨云stratocumulus, Sc 层积云stratocumulus translucidus, Sc tr 透光层积云stratocumulus opacus, Sc op 蔽光层积云stratocumulus cumulogenitus, Sc cug 积云性层积云stratocumulus castellanus, Sc cas 堡状层积云stratocumulus lenticularis, Sc len 荚状层积云stratus, St 层云stratus fractus, St fra 碎层云nimbostratus, Ns 雨层云stratiform cloud 层状云cumuliform cloud 积状云fracto-nimbus,Fn 碎雨云chaotic sky 混乱天空cold cloud 冷云warm cloud 暖云ice cloud 冰云water cloud 水云hail cloud [冰]雹云wind 风wind direction 风向wind speed, wind velocity 风速maximum wind speed 最大风速extreme wind speed 极大风速wind speed profile 风速廓线horizontal wind vector 水平风矢量wind force 风力wind force scale 风级Beaufort [wind] scale 蒲福风级calm 0级风light air 1级风light breeze 2级风gentle breeze 3级风moderate breeze 4级风fresh breeze 5级风strong breeze 6级风near gale 7级风gale 8级风strong gale 9级风storm 10级风violent storm 11级风hurricane 12级风gust 阵风local wind 地方性风surface wind 地面风foehn 焚风mountain-valley breeze 山谷风sea-land breeze 海陆风on-shore wind 向岸风off-shore wind 离岸风gorge wind 峡谷风slope wind 坡风glacier breeze 冰川风drainage wind 流泄风visibility 能见度effective visibility 有效能见度visual range of light 灯光能见距离surface visibility 地面能见度horizontal visibility 水平能见度vertical visibility 垂直能见度slant visibility 倾斜能见度meteor 大气现象weather phenomenon 天气现象clear sky 晴天partly cloudy 少云cloudy 多云overcast 阴天blue of the sky 天空蓝度apparent form of the sky 天穹形状state of ground 地面状态sky condition 天空状况precipitation 降水amount of precipitation 降水量precipitation intensity 降水强度showery precipitation 阵性降水convective precipitation 对流性降水non-convective precipitation 非对流性降水orographic precipitation 地形降水rain 雨rain virga 雨幡rain drop 雨滴rain shadow 雨影glaze 雨凇rain day 雨日rainfall [amount] 雨量continuous precipitation 连续性降水intermittent precipitation 间歇性降水showery rain 阵雨freezing rain 冻雨drizzle 毛毛雨light rain 小雨moderate rain 中雨heavy rain 大雨torrential rain 暴雨local precipitation 地方性降水orographic rain 地形雨storm 风暴sandstorm, duststorm 沙[尘]暴hail storm 雹暴haze 霾haze aloft 高空霾dust 浮尘blowing sand 高吹沙drifting sand 低吹沙dew 露frost 霜frost point 霜点first frost 初霜latest frost 终霜tornado 龙卷dust devil 尘卷风squall 飑snow 雪snow virga 雪幡sleet 雨夹雪showery snow 阵雪snow crystal 雪晶snowflake 雪花snow grains 米雪snowstorm 雪暴driven snow 吹雪drifting snow 低吹雪blowing snow 高吹雪snow cover 积雪snowfall [amount] 雪量snow depth 雪深snow day 雪日icing 积冰wire icing 电线积冰hail 冰雹hailstone 雹块ice pellet 冰丸thunder 雷thunderstorm 雷暴thunder shower 雷阵雨orographic thunderstorm 地形雷暴thunderstorm cell 雷暴单体atmospherics 天电lightning 闪电lightning channel 闪电通道forked lightning 叉状闪电sheet lightning 片状闪电ball lightning 球状闪电streak lightning 条状闪电pearl-necklace lightning 串珠状闪电fog 雾mist 轻雾wet fog 湿雾sea fog 海雾ice fog 冰雾frontal fog 锋面雾advection fog 平流雾radiation fog 辐射雾advection-radiation fog 平流辐射雾mixing fog 混合雾evaporation fog 蒸发雾supercooled fog 过冷却雾ground fog 地面雾upslope fog 上坡雾air-mass fog 气团雾tropical air fog 热带气团雾rime 雾凇graupel 霰percentage of sunshine 日照百分率sunshine duration 日照时数duration of possible sunshine 可照时数02. 大气探测atmospheric sounding and observing 大气探测meteorological observation 气象观测synoptic observation 天气观测synoptic hour 天气观测时间principal synoptic observation 基本天气观测intermediate synoptic observation 辅助天气观测surface observation 地面观测visual observation 目测background pollution observation 本底污染观测field observation 外场观测conventional observation 常规观测non-conventional observation 非常规观测ship observation 船舶观测fixed point observation 定点观测space-based observation 空基观测ground-based observation 地基观测mountain observation 山地观测sounding 探空upper air observation 高空观测auxiliary ship observation, ASO 辅助船舶观测aircraft sounding 飞机探测rocket sounding 火箭探测radio sounding 无线电探空captive balloon sounding 系留气球探测pilot balloon observation 测风气球观测radiowind observation 无线电测风观测standard time of observation 标准观测时间actual time of observation 实际观测时间observational frequency 观测次数observational error 观测误差supplementary observation 补充观测autographic records 自记记录surface data 地面资料upper air data 高空资料barometer level 气压表高度pressure reduction 气压换算barometric correction 气压订正international synoptic code 国际[天气]电码network of meteorological station 气象台站网observation site 观测场meteorological platform 气象观测平台ocean weather station 海洋气象站fixed ship station 固定船舶站mobile ship station 移动船舶站mountain observation station 高山[观]测站automatic meteorological station 自动气象站meteorological instrument 气象仪器screen,instrument shelter 百叶箱thermometer 温度表telethermometer 遥测温度表thermograph 温度计geothermometer 地温表surface geothermometer 地面温度表angle geothermometer 曲管地温表tube-typed geothermometer 直管地温表grass thermometer 草温表maximum thermometer 最高温度表minimum thermometer 最低温度表mercury thermometer 水银温度表Lyman-α hygrometer 莱曼-α湿度表bimetallic thermograph 双金属片温度计barograph 气压计aneroid barograph 空盒气压计mountain barograph 高山气压计barometer 气压表aneroid barometer 空盒气压表ship-barometer 船用气压表mountain barometer 高山气压表pressure altimeter 气压测高表normal barometer 标准气压表national standard barometer 国家标准气压表regional standard barometer 区域标准气压表absolute standard barometer 绝对标准气压表microbarograph 微压计mercury barometer 水银气压表Fortin barometer 福丁气压表Kew pattern barometer 寇乌气压表hygrograph 湿度计hygrometer 湿度表psychrometer 干湿表aspirated psychrometer 通风干湿表standard aspirated psychrometer 标准通风干湿表whirling psychrometer, sling psychrometer 手摇干湿表Assmann psychrometer 阿斯曼干湿表dew-point hygrometer 露点湿度表hair hygrometer 毛发湿度表hair hygrograph 毛发湿度计black and white bulb thermometer 黑白球温度表barothermograph 气压温度计dry-bulb thermometer 干球温度表wet-bulb thermometer 湿球温度表sunshine recorder 日照计Jordan sunshine recorder 乔唐日照计Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder 康培尔-司托克日照计pyrheliometer 直接辐射表pyranometer 总辐射表sky radiometer diffusometer 天空辐射表albedometer 反照率表pyranometer 净辐射表pilot-balloon plotting board 测风绘图板hail-rain separator 雹雨分离器evaporograph 蒸发计evaporation pan 小型蒸发器evaporation tank 大型蒸发器standard pan 标准蒸发器ceiling projector 云幂灯visibility meter,visiometer 能见度表raingauge 雨量器pluviograph,recording raingauge 雨量计accumulative raingauge 累计雨量器tilting bucket raingauge 翻斗[式]雨量计electric conductivity raingauge 水导[式]雨量计siphon rainfall recorder 虹吸[式]雨量计rainfall intensity recorder 雨强计telemetering pluviograph 遥测雨量计wind vane 风向标anemometer 风速表contact anemometer 电接风速表cup anemometer 转杯风速表propeller anemometer 螺旋桨[式]风速表anemorumbometer 风向风速表hot-wire anemometer 热线风速表 strong wind anemograph 强风仪 navaid wind-finding 导航测风 laser ceilometer 激光云幂仪 anemograph 风速计 radio theodolite 无线电经纬仪 aerological theodolite 测风经纬仪 radiosonde 无线电探空仪 dropsonde 下投式探空仪 constant level balloon 定高气球 ultrasonic anemometer 超声测风仪 ceiling balloon 云幂气球 meteorological aircraft 气象飞机 snow scale,snow depth scale 量雪尺 weighting snow-gauge 称雪器 drosometer, dewgauge 测露表 frozen soil apparatus 冻土器 sonde 探空仪 profiler 廓线仪 meteorological rocket 气象火箭 sounding rocket 探空火箭 weather radar 天气雷达 meteorological radar 气象雷达 lidar 激光雷达 sodar, acoustic radar 声[雷]达 Doppler radar 多普勒天气雷达 incoherent radar 非相干雷达 radar network composite 雷达组网 radar sounding 雷达探空 windfinding radar 测风雷达 Doppler sodar 多普勒声达 Doppler lidar 多普勒激光雷达 MST radar MST 雷达 UHF Doppler radar 超高频雷达 VHF radar 甚高频雷达 coherent memory filter,CMF 相干存储滤波器 radar rainfall integrator 雷达雨量积分器 range velocity display, RVD 距离速度显示 velocity azimuth display, VAD 速度方位显示 constant altitude plan position indicator, CAPPI 等高平面位置显示器 plan postion indicator, PPI 平面位置显示器 plan shear indicator, PSI 平面切变显示器 velocity azimuth range display, VARD 速度方位距离显示 radarsonde 雷达测风仪 atmospheric remote sensing 大气遥感 inverse technique 反演法 temperature retrieval 温度反演 inversion of satellite sounding 卫星探测反演 meteorological satellite 气象卫星 NIMBUS 雨云卫星 NOAA 诺阿卫星 polar-orbiting meteorological satellite 极轨气象卫星 TIROS 泰罗斯卫星 TIROS-N 泰罗斯-N 卫星 ESSA 艾萨卫星 ITOS 艾托斯卫星 geostationary meteorological satellite,GMS 地球静止气象卫星 meteorological satellite ground station 气象卫星地面站 microwave radiometer 微波辐射仪 high resolution interferometric sounder 高分辨[率]干涉探测器 high resolution infrared radiation sounder, HRIRS 高分辨[率]红外辐射探测器 scanning radiometer, SR 扫描辐射仪 very high resolution radiometer, VHRR 甚高分辨率辐射仪 vertical temperature profile radiometer 温度垂直廓线辐射仪 data collection platform, DCP 资料收集平台automatic picture transmission, APT 自动图象传输high resolution picture transmission, HRPT 高分辨[率]图象传输high resolution facsimile, HR-FAX 高分辨率[云图]传真low resolution facsimile, LR-FAX 低分辨率[云图]传真delay picture transmission, DPT 延时图象传输direct read-out ground station 直读式地面站weather facsimile, WEFAX 天气图传真synoptic data 天气资料non-synoptic data 非天气资料real time data 实时资料non-real time data 非实时资料stretched data 时展资料sub-satellite point [卫星]星下点temporal resolution 时间分辨率spatial resolution 空间分辨率full resolution 全分辨率radiation transfer equation 辐射传输方程atmospheric transmission model 大气传输模式03. 大气物理学atmospheric physics 大气物理[学]cloud physics 云物理学precipitation physics 降水物理学cloud dynamics 云动力学middle atmospheric physics 中层大气物理学aeronomy 高空大气学aerology 高空气象学radio meteorology 无线电气象学boundary layer meteorology 边界层气象学boundary layer climate 边界层气候atmospheric boundary layer 大气边界层air-sea interface 海气界面air-sea exchange 海气交换tracer diffusion experiment 示踪扩散实验surface layer 近地层surface roughness 地面粗糙度atmospheric duct 大气波导advection 平流convection 对流free convection 自由对流forced convection 强迫对流convection cell 对流单体Benard cell 贝纳胞Benard convection 贝纳对流convection model 对流模式updraught 上曳气流downdraught 下曳气流transitional flow 过渡气流dry deposition 干沉降wet deposition 湿沉降aerosol 气溶胶aerosol particle size distribution 气溶胶粒子谱aqueous aerosol 湿气溶胶stratospheric aerosol 平流层气溶胶hail generation zone 冰雹生成区conical hail 锥形冰雹hail embryo 雹核hail lobe 雹瓣hail pellet 雹粒cumulonimbus model 积雨云模式condensation process 凝结过程cloud condensation nuclei, CCN 云凝结核artificial nucleation 人工成核作用cloud top temperature 云顶温度ice-water mixed cloud 冰水混合云cloud structure 云结构cloud particle sampler 云滴采样器cloud droplet-size distribution 云滴谱cloud droplet collector 云滴谱仪raindrop size distribution 雨滴谱drop-size distribution parameter 滴谱参数disdrometer, raindrop disdrometer 雨滴谱仪fog-drop 雾滴cloud droplet 云滴supercooled cloud droplet 过冷云滴drop spectrum 滴谱collision 碰撞coagulation 碰并ice crystal 冰晶ice needle 冰针ice nucleus 冰核ice point 冰点condensation 凝结evaporation 蒸发potential evaporation 潜在蒸发solidification 凝固deposition 凝华sublimation 升华freezing 冻结freezing nucleus 冻结核condensation nucleus 凝结核salt nucleus 盐核cloud chamber 云室combustion nucleus 燃烧核deposition nucleus 凝华核weather modification 人工影响天气target area 目标区cloud dissipation 消云salt-seeding 盐粉播撒frost prevention 防霜cloud seeding 播云cloud seeding agent 播云剂artificial precipitation 人工降水hail suppression 防雹fog dissipation 消雾dynamic cloud seeding 动力播云radar meteorology 雷达气象学meteorological radar equation 气象雷达方程radar meteorological observation 雷达气象观测radar reflectivity factor 雷达反射率因子radar equivalent reflectivity factor 雷达等效反射率因子weather echo 天气回波cloud echo 云回波echo wall 回波墙superrefraction echo 超折射回波second trip echo 二次回波incoherent echo 非相干回波coherent echo 相干回波ground echo 地物回波clear air echo 晴空回波convective echo 对流回波whirling echo 涡旋状回波spiral rain-band echo 螺旋雨带回波layered echo 层状回波banded echo 带状回波hook echo 钩状回波weak echo vault 弱回波穹窿precipitation echo 降水回波angel echo 异常回波elevated echo 雨幡回波cell echo 单体回波supercell 超级单体multiple-cell echo 多单体回波echo complex 回波复合体cloud top height, CTH 云顶高度echo depth 回波厚度echo character 回波特征echo analysis 回波分析echo distortion 回波畸变radar reflectivity 雷达反射率superrefraction 超折射negative refraction 负折射tropospheric refraction 对流层折射beam filling coefficient 波束充塞系数range bin 距离库range averaging 距离平均azimuth averaging 方位平均range resolution 距离分辨率azimuth resolution 方位角分辨率number of range samples 距离采样数coherent-video signal 相干视频信号quantized signal 量化信号depolarization ratio 退偏振比rotation band 转动谱带Doppler velocity 多普勒速度range ambiguity 距离模糊maximum unambiguous range 最大不模糊距离velocity ambiguity 速度模糊realtime display 实时显示pattern recognition technique 图形识别技术tracking radar echoes by correlation,TREC 雷达回波相关跟踪法thunderstorm monitoring 雷暴监测gray scale 灰[色标]度cloud attenuation 云衰减precipitation attenuation 降水衰减range attenuation 距离衰减echo synthetic chart 回波综合图iso-echo contour 等回波线normalized echo intensity 归一化回波强度isolated cell 孤立单体weak cell 弱单体satellite meteorology 卫星气象学satellite sounding 卫星探测cloud cluster 云团satellite cloud picture 卫星云图sectorized cloud picture 分区云图picture mosaic 拼图image processing 图象处理distortion correction 畸变校正infrared cloud picture 红外云图visible cloud picture 可见光云图nulti-spectral image, MSI 多波段图象microwave image 微波图象image resolution 图象分辨率digitized cloud map 数字化云图enhanced cloud picture 增强云图false-color cloud picture 假彩色云图pseudo-color cloud picture 伪彩色云图full-disc cloud picture 全景圆盘云图nephanalysis 云[层]分析图brightness temperature 亮度温度cloud coverage 云覆盖区cloud street 云街cloud line 云线spiral cloud band 螺旋云带monsoon cloud cluster 季风云团tropical cloud cluster 热带云团squall cloud 飑线云shield cloud 盾状云open [cloud] cells 开口型细胞状云close [cloud] cells 封闭型细胞状云cellular pattern 细胞状云cloud system 云系comma cloud system 逗点云系banded cloud system 带状云系vortex cloud system 涡旋云系jet stream cloud system 急流云系satellite derived wind 卫星云迹风satellite cloud picture analysis 卫星云图分析limb scanning method 临边扫描法limb retrieval 临边反演occultation method 掩星法backscatter ultraviolet technique 紫外辐射后向散射法linear inversion 线性反演water vapor retrieval 水汽反演humidity retrieval 湿度反演limb brightening 临边增亮limb darkening 临边变暗sun glint 日照亮斑atmospheric radiation 大气辐射solar radiation 太阳辐射solar constant 太阳常数monochromatic radiation 单色辐射outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR 向外长波辐射visible light 可见光radiation balance 辐射平衡global radiation 总辐射direct radiation 直接辐射effective radiation 有效辐射scattered radiation 散射辐射diffuse radiation 漫射辐射sky radiation 天空辐射upward [tatal] radiation 向上[全]辐射downward [total] radiation 向下[全]辐射incoming radiation 入射辐射equivalent clear column radiance 等效晴空辐射率atmospheric transmissivity 大气透射率Van Allen radiation belt 范艾伦辐射带albedo of the earth-atmosphere system 地气系统反照率albedo of underlying surface 下垫面反照率earth radiation belt 地球辐射带nocturnal radiation 夜间辐射atmospheric counter radiation 大气逆辐射radiance 辐射率irradiation 辐照irradiance 辐照度reflected radiation 反射辐射albedo 反照率band model 带模式statistical band model 统计带模式regular band model 规则带模式random Elsasser band model 随机爱尔沙色带模式strong-line approximation 强线近似weak-line approximation 弱线近似planetary temperature 行星温度atmospheric attenuation 大气衰减atmospheric absorption 大气吸收atmospheric window 大气窗[atmospheric] absorptivity [大气]吸收率non-scattering atmosphere 无散射大气extinction coefficient 消光系数atmospheric radioactivity 大气放射性atmospheric optics 大气光学atmospheric optical spectrum 大气光谱atmospheric refraction 大气折射atmospheric optical mass 大气光学质量primary scattering 一次散射Mie scattering 米散射multiple scattering 多次散射Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射volume scattering function 体散射函数forward scattering 前向散射backscattering 后向散射scattering cross-section 散射截面backscattering cross-section 后向散射截面one-way attenuation 单程衰减two-way attenuation 双程衰减scattering coefficient 散射系数attenuation coefficient 衰减系数attenuation cross-section 衰减截面absorption cross-section 吸收截面atmospheric polarization 大气偏振night-sky light 夜天光sky brightness, sky luminance 天空亮度atmospheric optical thickness, atmospheric optical depth 大气光学厚度[atmospheric] transparency [大气]透明度atmospheric optical phenomena 大气光学现象atmospheric turbidity 大气浑浊度turbidity factor 浑浊因子mirage 蜃景twilight 曙暮光aurora australis 南极光aurora borealis 北极光anthelion 反日parhelion 假日paraselene 假月46° halo 46度晕22° halo 22度晕solar halo 日晕lunar halo 月晕solar corona 日华lunar corona 月华rainbow 虹secondary rainbow 霓halo 晕corona 华twilight colors 霞airglow 气辉aurora 极光glory 宝光[环]atmospheric electricity 大气电学fair weather electric field 晴天电场air discharge 空中放电cloud-to-cloud discharge, intercloud discharge 云标放电cloud discharge 云放电cloud-to-ground discharge 云地[间]放电ionospheric storm 电离层暴ionospheric sudden disturbance 电离层突扰magnetic storm 磁暴atmospheric electric conductivity 大气电导率atmospheric acoustics 大气声学acoustic sounding 声学探测04. 大气化学atmospheric chemistry 大气化学atmospheric photochemistry 大气光化学atmospheric photolysis 大气光解作用atmospheric ozone 大气臭氧atmospheric trace gas 大气痕量气体photochemical reaction 光化反应photochemical smog 光化烟雾precipitation chemistry 降水化学threshold temperature of ice nucleation 成冰阈温05. 动力气象学dynamic meteorology 动力气象学atmospheric thermodynamics 大气热力学sensible heat 感热latent heat 潜热reversible adiabatic process 可逆绝热过程irreversible adiabatic process 不可逆绝热过程moisture inversion 逆湿thermodynamic equation 热力学方程temperature inversion 逆温turbulence inversion 湍流逆温surface inversion 地面逆温radiation inversion 辐射逆温capping inversion 覆盖逆温subsidence inversion 下沉逆温frontal inversion 锋面逆温inversion layer 逆温层isentropic chart 等熵面图tephigram 温熵图T-ln p diagram 温度-对数压力图temperature gradient 温度梯度temperature advection 温度平流adiabatic ascending 绝热上升adiabatic sinking 绝热下沉adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adiabatic heating 绝热增温pseudo-adiabatic process 假绝热过程diabatic process 非绝热过程convective condensation level, CCL 对流凝结高度mixing condensation level 混合凝结高度temperature lapse rate 气温直减率dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热直减率moist adiabatic lapse rate 湿绝热直减率condensation level, CL 凝结高度condensation efficiency 凝结效率thermal stratification 热力层结equivalent temperature 相当温度virtual temperature 虚温dry adiabatic process 干绝热过程moist adiabatic process 湿绝热过程adiabatic diagram 绝热图pseudo-adiabatic diagram 假绝热图pseudo-adiabatic lapse rate 假绝热直减率potential temperature 位温pseudo-equivalent potential temperature 假相当位温wet-bulb potential temperature 湿球位温wet-bulb pseudo potential temperature 假湿球位温wet-bulb pseudo-temperature 假湿球温度atmospheric dynamics 大气动力学equation of motion 运动方程continuity equation 连续方程equation of state 状态方程vorticity equation 涡度方程divergence equation 散度方程hydrostatic equation 流体静力方程ω-equation ω方程perturbation equation 扰动方程thermal wind equation 热成风方程moisture [conservation] equation 水汽守恒方程advective equation 平流方程balance equation 平衡方程baroclinic process 斜压过程Reynolds stress 雷诺应力meteorological wind tunnel 气象风洞equivalent barotropic atmosphere 相当正压大气hydrostatic adjustment process 静力适应过程geostrophic adjustment 地转适应available potential energy 有效位能enstrophy 涡动拟能geopotential meter 位势米geopotential height 位势高度inertial instability 惯性不稳定free convection level 自由对流高度[atmospheric] stability [大气]稳定度[atmospheric] instability [大气]不稳定度static stability 静力稳定度index of stability 稳定度指数absolute stability 绝对稳定absolute instability 绝对不稳定neutral stability 中性稳定conditional instability 条件[性]不稳定 inertial stability 惯性稳定度 convective instability 对流不稳定 convective stability 对流[性]稳定度 atmospheric disturbance 大气扰动 nonlinear instability 非线性不稳定[性] conditional instability of the second kind, CISK 第二类条件[性]不稳定 shearing instability 切变不稳定 barotropic instability 正压不稳定 baroclinic instability 斜压不稳定 latent instability 潜在不稳定 conservation of potential vorticity 位涡守恒 tendency equation 倾向方程 z-coordinate z 坐标 p-coordinate p 坐标 σ-coordinate σ坐标 θ-coordinate 位温坐标 hybrid coordinate 混合坐标 convergence 辐合 divergence 辐散 divergence 散度 horizontal divergence 水平散度 steering flow 引导气流 vorticity 涡度 relative vorticity 相对涡度 absolute vorticity 绝对涡度 planetary vorticity 行星涡度 β-plane β平面 conservation of absolute vorticity 绝对涡度守恒 geostrophic vorticity 地转涡度 cyclonic vorticity 气旋性涡度 anticyclonic vorticity 反气旋涡度 shearing vorticity 切变涡度 curvature vorticity 曲率涡度 potential vorticity 位势涡度 eddy conductivity 涡动传导率 eddy viscosity 涡动粘滞率 friction velocity 摩擦速度 eddy shearing stress 涡动切应力 atmospheric wave 大气波动 adjustment of longwave 长波调整 inertia wave 惯性波 baroclinic wave 斜压波 barotropic wave 正压波 gravity wave 重力波 inertia-gravity wave 惯性重力波 internal gravity wave 重力内波 external gravity wave 重力外波 gravity wave drag 重力波拖曳 drag coefficient 拖曳系数 orographic drag 地形拖曳 orographic wave 地形波 lee wave 背风波Helmholtz wave 赫姆霍兹波 Kelvin wave 开尔文波 Lamb wave 兰姆波 Rossby wave 罗斯贝波 stationary wave 定常波 transient wave 瞬变波 solitary wave 孤立波 progressive wave 前进波 retrograde wave 后退波 shearing wave 切变波 mixed Rossby-gravity wave 混合罗斯贝重力波 ultra-long wave 超长波 atmospheric noise 大气噪声 Prandtl number 普朗特数 Rayleigh number 瑞利数 Reynolds number 雷诺数 Richardson number 里查森数 Froude number 弗劳德数 Rossby number 罗斯贝数 rotating dishpan experiment 转盘实验 Hadley regime 哈得来域 Rossby regime 罗斯贝域 mixing layer 混合层 non-divergence level 无辐散层 cyclostrophic wind 旋衡风 gradient wind 梯度风 countergradient wind 反梯度风 subgradient wind 次梯度风 supergradient wind 超梯度风 thermal wind 热成风 veering wind 顺转风backing wind 逆转风wind shear 风切变geostrophic wind 地转风antitriptic wind 摩擦风subgeostrophic wind 次地转风supergeostrophic wind 超地转风ageostrophic wind 非地转风isallobaric wind 变压风jet stream 急流northern branch jet stream 北支急流southern branch jet stream 南支急流basic flow 基本气流subtropical jet stream 副热带急流axis of jet stream 急流轴streamline 流线westerly jet 西风急流convective cloud 对流云deep convection 深对流shallow convection 浅对流line convection 线对流Ekman flow 埃克曼流thermal convection 热对流moist convection 湿对流cumulus convection 积云对流mesoscale convective system, MCS 中尺度对流系统warm advection 暖平流cold advection 冷平流upward flow 上升气流downward flow 下沉气流convective adjustment 对流调整convective parameterization 对流参数化mesoscale convective complex, MCC 中尺度对流复合体geostrophic motion 地转运动quasi-geostrophic motion 准地转运动semi-geostrophic motion 半地转运动ageostrophic motion 非地转运动irrotational motion 无旋运动nondivergent motion 无辐散运动baroclinic atmosphere 斜压大气barotropic atmosphere 正压大气baroclinic mode 斜压模态barotropic mode 正压模态normal mode 正规模态Ekman layer 埃克曼层Ekman spiral 埃克曼螺线atmospheric circulation 大气环流meridional circulation 经向环流zonal circulation 纬向环流Hadley cell 哈得来环流Walker cell 沃克环流direct circulation 直接环流indirect circulation 间接环流[圈]trade-wind circulation 信风环流circulation cell 环流圈local circulation 局地环流three-cell [meridional] circulation 三圈经向环流circulation index 环流指数high index 高指数low index 低指数index cycle 指数循环circulation theorem 环流定理Kelvin's theorem of circulation 开尔文环流定理Bjerknes circulation theorem 皮叶克尼斯环流定理cross-equatorial flow 越赤道气流adjustment of circulation 环流调整mesospheric circulation 中间层环流large-scale circulation 大尺度环流atmospheric center of action 大气活动中心stratospheric sudden warming 平流层爆发[性]增温atmospheric turbulence 大气湍流eddy 涡旋flux 通量turbulent flux 湍流通量isotropic turbulence 各向同性湍流mixing length 混合长K theory of turbulence 湍流[WTHZ]K[WT][HT5H]理论Prandtl mixing-length theory 普朗特混合长理论turbulent boundary layer 湍流边界层laminar boundary layer 层流边界层turbulence spectrum 湍流谱turbulence energy 湍流能量turbulent exchange 湍流交换turbulent diffusion 湍流扩散Eliassen-Palm flux EP通量lateral mixing 侧向混合chaos 混沌numerical weather prediction, NWP 数值天气预报model output statistic prediction, MOS prediction 模式输出统计预报equivalent barotropic model 相当正压模式quasi-geostrophic model 准地转模式filtered model 过滤模式adiabatic model 绝热模式primitive equation model 原始方程模式mesoscale model 中尺度模式scaling 尺度分析synoptic scale 天气尺度planetary scale 行星尺度meso scale 中尺度meso-α scale α中尺度meso-β scale β中尺度meso-γ scale γ中尺度spectral model 谱模式movable fine-mesh model 可移动细网格模式semi-implicit scheme 半隐式格式conservation scheme 守恒格式finite difference model 差分模式upstream scheme 迎风差格式computational instability 线性计算不稳定perturbation method 小扰动法energy cascade 能量串级objective analysis 客观分析physical mode 物理模[态]computational mode 计算模[态]model resolution 模式分辨率skill score 技巧分subgrid scale parameterization 次网格尺度参数化normal mode initialization 正规模[态]初值化dynamic initialization 动力初值化static initialization 静力初值化four-dimensional data assimilation 四维资料同化rigid boundary condition 刚体边界条件spongy boundary condition 海绵边界条件first guess 初估值time smoothing 时间平滑space smoothing 空间平滑automatic data processing 自动资料处理structure function 结构函数split-explicit scheme 分离显式格式bogus data 人造[站]资料hydrostatic check 静力检查difference scheme 差分格式staggered grid 交错网格stagger scheme 交错格式nested grid 套网格pseudospectral method 假谱方法successive correction analysis 逐步订正法optimum interpolation method 最优插值法statistical interpolation method 统计插值法man-machine weather forecast 人机结合天气预报limited area model, LAM 有限区模式limited area fine-mesh model, LFM 有限区细网格模式statistical-dynamic prediction 统计动力预报diagnostic analysis 诊断分析numerical simulation 数值模拟numerical experiment 数值实验general circulation model, GCM 大气环流模式barotropic model 正压模式baroclinic model 斜压模式primitive equation 原始方程governing equation 控制方程06. 天气学synoptic meteorology 天气学weather 天气synoptic chart 天气图meteorological code 气象电码weather symbol 天气符号。

英语气象学相关词汇

水分saturate饱和dewfogmistsmog烟雾droplet小水珠condense浓缩crystal水晶体downpourtorrentialrain大雨tempeststorm暴风雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzardsnowstorm暴风雪avalanchesnowslide雪崩precipitation雨露雪等降水breeze微风gale大风whirlwind旋风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornadotwistercyclone龙卷风funnel漏斗漏斗云disastercalamitycatastrophe灾难devastation破坏submerge淹没drought旱灾欢迎您阅读该资料希望该资料能给您的学习和生活带来帮助如果您还了解更多的相关知识也欢迎您分享出来让我们大家能共同进步共同成长
disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难
devastation 破坏
submerge 淹没
drought 旱灾
英语气象学相关词汇
气象相关词汇
meteorology 气象
meteorologist 气象学家 forecast (predict) 预报 climate 气候
atmosphere 大气层
troposphere 对流层
current (气)流va Nhomakorabeaor 蒸汽
evaporate 蒸发
damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的
humidity 湿度
moisture 潮湿;水分
saturate 饱和
dew 露
frost 霜
fog (mist) 雾
smog 烟雾
droplet 小水珠

来自英文网站的专业气象词汇

关于天气，天气预报的一些词汇和解释（来自英文网站/er/box/glossary.htm）Terms used by meteorologists, forecasters, weather observers,and in weather forecastsAblation- The process of being removed. Snow ablation usually refers to removal by meltingAbsolute Humidity- The density of water vapor. It is the mass of the water vapor divided by the volume that it occupies.Accretion- Growth of precipitation particles by collision of ice crystals with super cooled liquid droplets which freeze on impactAccessory Clouds- Clouds that are dependent on a larger cloud system for development and continuance. Accessory clouds associated with the thunderstorm include roll, shelf, mammatus, and wall clouds.Acid Rain- Cloud or rain droplets containing pollutants, such as oxides of sulfur and nitrogen, to make them acidic (e.g. pH < 5.6).Additive data- A group of coded remarks in a weather observation that includes pressure tendency, amount of precipitation, and maximum/minimum temperature during specified periods of time.Adiabatic- changes in temperature caused by the expansion (cooling) or compression (warming) of a body of air as it rises or descends in the atmosphere.Adiabatic Process- The change of temperature of air without transferring heat. In an adiabatic process compression results in warming, and expansion results in cooling.Advection- The horizontal transport of air, moisture or other atmospheric properties. Commonly used with temperatures, i.e., "warm air advection".Advection Fog- a type of fog that results from the advection of moist air over a cold surface and the cooling of the air to its dew point that follows; this type of fog is most common in coastal regions.Advisory- Advisories are issued for weather situations that cause significant inconveniences but do not meet warning criteria and, if caution is not exercised,could lead to life-threatening situations. Advisories are issued for significant events that are occurring, are imminent, or have a very high probability of occurrence.Aerosol- Particles of matter, solid or liquid, larger than a molecule but small enough to remain suspended in the atmosphere (up to 100? m diameter). Natural origins include salt particles from sea spray and clay particles as a result of weathering of rocks. Aerosols can also originate as a result of man's activities and in this case are often considered pollutants.Aerovane- Aerovanes are commonly used at many weather stations and airports to measure both wind direction and speed. They are similar to wind vanes and cup anemometers except have three-bladed propellers attached to the end of the vane.AFOS- the Automation of Field Operations and Services; AFOS is the computer system that links National Weather Service offices and other computer networks, such as the NOAA Weather Wire, to transmit weather information.AGL- above ground level.Air- the mixture of gases that make-up the earth's atmosphere.Air Mass- A large body of air that has similar horizontal temperature and moisture characteristics.Air-mass Thunderstorm- Generally, a thunderstorm not associated with a front or other type of synoptic-scale forcing mechanism. Air mass thunderstorms typically are associated with warm, humid air in the summer months; they develop during the afternoon in response to insolation, and dissipate rather quickly after sunset.Air Parcel- An imaginary small body of air that is used to explain the behavior of air. A parcel is large enough to contain a very great number of molecules, but small enough so that the properties assigned to it are approximately uniform throughout.Air Pollution- The existence in the air of substances in concentrations that are determined unacceptable. Contaminants in the air we breathe come mainly from manufacturing industries, electric power plants, automobiles, buses, and trucks.Air Pressure- (atmospheric pressure) air pressure is the force exerted on asurface by the weight of the air above it. The internationally recognized unit for measuring this pressure is the kilopascal.Airstream- A significant body of air flowing in the same general circulation. Albedo- The percentage of light reflected by an object. Snow covered areas have a high albedo (0.9 or 90%) due to their white color.Alberta Clipper- A small, fast-moving low-pressure system that forms in western Canada and travels southeastward into the United States. These storms, which generally bring little precipitation, generally precede an Arctic air mass.Altimeter- An active instrument (see active system) used to measure the altitude of an object above a fixed level.Altimeter setting- That pressure value to which an aircraft altimeter scale is set so that it will indicate the altitude above mean sea-level of an aircraft on the ground at the location for which the value was determined.Altitude- Height expressed as the distance above a reference point, which is normally sea level or ground level.Altocumulus- Mid-altitude clouds with a cumuliform shape.Altostratus- Mid-altitude clouds with a flat sheet-like shape.Anabatic- wind flowing up an incline, such as up a hillside; upslope wind. Anafront- A front at which the warm is ascending the frontal surface up to high altitudes.Anemometer- An instrument that measures wind speed.Aneroid barometer- An instrument built around a metal structure that bends with changing air pressure. These changes are recorded on a pointer that moves back and forth across a printed scale.Angular Momentum- the energy of motion of a spinning body or mass of air or water.Angular Velocity- the rate at which a spinning body rotates.Anomaly- The deviation of (usually) temperature or precipitation in a given region over a specified period from the normal value for the same region.Anticyclone- A large body of air in which the atmospheric pressure is higher than the pressure in the surrounding air. The winds blow clockwise around an anticyclone in in the Northern Hemisphere.Anticyclonic- describes the movement of air around a high pressure, and rotation about the local vertical opposite the earth's rotation. This is clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.Anvil Cloud- The flat, spreading top of a Cb (cumulonimbus), often shaped like an anvil. Thunderstorm anvils may spread hundreds of miles downwind from the thunderstorm itself, and sometimes may spread upwind (seeback-sheared anvil).Anvil Crawler - A lightning discharge occurring within the anvil of a thunderstorm, characterized by one or more channels that appear to crawl along the underside of the anvil. They typically appear during the weakening or dissipating stage of the parent thunderstorm, or during an active MCS.Anvil Dome - A large overshooting top or penetrating top.Anvil Rollover - A circular or semicircular lip of clouds along the underside of the upwind part of a back-sheared anvil, indicating rapid expansion of the anvil. See cumuliform anvil, knuckles, mushroom.Anvil Zits - Frequent (often continuous or nearly continuous), localized lightning discharges occurring from within a thunderstorm anvil.Arctic Air- a mass of very cold, dry air that usually originates over the Arctic Ocean north of Canada and Alaska.Arctic High- a very cold high pressure that originates over the Arctic Ocean.Arcus- A low, horizontal cloud formation associated with the leading edge of thunderstorm outflow (i.e., the gust front). Roll clouds and shelf clouds both are types of arcus clouds.Aridity- A general term used to describe areas suffering from lack of rain or drought. More specifically, a condition in which evaporation exceeds precipitation.ASOS- Automated Surface Observing System. This system observes sky conditions, temperature and dewpoint, wind direction and speed, and barometric pressure, and precipitation.Atmosphere- The mass of air surrounding the earth and bound to it more or less permanently by the earth's gravitational attraction.Atmospheric Pressure- (also called air pressure or barometric pressure) The pressure asserted by the mass of the column of air directly above any specific point.Atmospheric Stability- An indication of how easily a parcel of air is lifted. If the air is very stable it is difficult to make the parcel rise. If the air is very unstable the parcel may rise on its own once started.Aurora Borealis- Also known as the northern lights - The luminous, radiant emission from the upper atmosphere over middle and high latitudes, and centered around the earth's magnetic poles. These silent fireworks are often seen on clear winter nights in a variety of shapes and colors.Automated Weather Station- An unmanned station with various sensors that measure weather elements such as temperature/wind/pressure and transmit these readings for use by meteorologists.VHRR- Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer. Main sensor on U.S. polar orbiting satellites.Avalanche- a large mass of rapidly moving snow down a steep mountain slope.AVN- Aviation Model generated every 12 hours by NCEP.AWIPS- Advanced Weather Information Processing System. New NWS computer system integrating graphics, satellite and radar imagery. The successor to AFOS.Back Door Cold Front- A front that moves east to west in direction rather than the normal west to east movement. For instance, one that enters Southern New England from the Gulf of Maine.Back-building Thunderstorm- A thunderstorm in which new development takes place on the upwind side (usually the west or southwest side), such that the storm seems to remain stationary or propagate in a backward direction. Back-sheared Anvil- A thunderstorm anvil which spreads upwind, against the flow aloft. A back-sheared anvil often implies a very strong updraft and a high severe weather potential.Backing Wind- Wind which shifts in a counterclockwise direction with time at a given location (e.g. from southerly to southeasterly), or change direction in a counterclockwise sense with height (e.g. westerly at the surface but becoming more southerly aloft). Backing winds with height are indicative of cold air advection (CAA). The opposite of veering winds.Ball lightning- A relatively rarely seen form of lightning, generally consisting of an orange or reddish ball of the order of a few cm to 30 cm in diameter and of moderate luminosity, which may move up to 1 m/s horizontally with a lifetime of a second or two.Barber Pole- A thunderstorm updraft with a visual appearance including cloud striations that are curved in a manner similar to the stripes of a barber pole. The structure typically is most pronounced on the leading edge of the updraft, while drier air from the rear flank downdraft often erodes the clouds on the trailing side of the updraft.Baroclinic Zone- A region in which a temperature gradient exists on a constant pressure surface. Baroclinic zones are favored areas for strengthening and weakening systems.Barogram- The graphic record of pressure produced by a barograph. Barograph- An instrument that provides a continuous record of atmospheric pressure.Barometer- An instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure.Barometric pressure- The actual pressure value indicated by a pressure sensor.Barometric Tendency- The amount and direction of change in barometer readings over a three-hour period.Barotropic System- A weather system in which temperature and pressure surfaces are coincident, i.e., temperature is uniform (no temperature gradient) on a constant pressure surface. Barotropic systems are characterized by a lack of wind shear, and thus are generally unfavorable areas for severe thunderstorm development.Bear's Cage- A region of storm-scale rotation, in a thunderstorm, which is wrapped in heavy precipitation. This area often coincides with a radar hook echo and/or mesocyclone, especially one associated with an HP storm. The term reflects the danger involved in observing such an area visually, whichmust be done at close range in low visibility.Beaufort Scale- A scale that indicates the wind speed using the effect wind has on certain familiar objects.Beaver('s) Tail- A particular type of inflow band with a relatively broad, flat appearance suggestive of a beaver's tail. It is attached to a supercell's general updraft and is oriented roughly parallel to the pseudo-warm front, i.e., usually east to west or southeast to northwest.Black Ice- thin, new ice that forms on fresh water or dew covered surfaces; it is common on roadways during the fall and early winter and appears "black" because of its transparency.Blizzard- Includes winter storm conditions of sustained winds or frequent gusts of 35 mph or more that cause major blowing and drifting of snow, reducing visibility to less than one-quarter mile for 3 or more hours. Extremely cold temperatures often are associated with dangerous blizzard conditions. Blizzard warning- Issued when blizzard condition are expected or are occurring.Blocking High- A high pressure area (anticyclone), often aloft, that remains nearly stationary or moves slowly compared to west-to-east motion. It blocks the movement eastward movement of low pressure areas (cyclones) at its latitude..Blowing Dust- dust that is raised by the wind to moderate heights above the ground to a degree that horizontal visibility decreases to less than seven miles. Visibilities of 1/8 mile or less over a widespread area are criteria for a Blowing Dust Advisory.Blowing Sand- Sand particles picked up from the surface of the earth by the wind to moderate heights above the ground, reducing the reported horizontal visibility to less than 7 statute miles.Blowing Snow- Wind driven snow that reduces visibility to six miles or less causing significant drifting. Blowing snow may be snow that is falling and/or loose snow on the ground picked up by the wind.Blowing spray- Water droplets torn by the wind from a body of water, generally from the crests of waves, and carried up into the air in such quantities that they reduce the reported horizontal visibility to less than 7 statute miles.Blustery- Descriptive term for gusty winds that accompany cold weather. Bomb Cyclone- An extratropical area of low pressure in which the central pressure drops at least 24 millibars in 24 hours.Boundary Layer- In general, a layer of air adjacent to a bounding surface. Specifically, the term most often refers to the planetary boundary layer, which is the layer within which the effects of friction are significant. For the earth, this layer is considered to be roughly the lowest one or two kilometers of the atmosphere.Bow echo- A radar echo which is linear but bent outward in a bowshape. Damaging straight-line winds often occur near the "crest" or center of a bowecho. Areas of circulation also can develop at either end of a bow echo, which sometimes can lead to tornado formation - especially in the left (usually northern) end, where the circulation exhibits cyclonic rotation.Box (or Watch Box) - A severe thunderstorm or tornado watch.Breezy- Wind in the range of 15 mph to 25 mph with mild or warm temperatures.Brisk- Wind in the range of 15 to 25 mph when the temperature is cold. Broken Clouds- Clouds which cover between 5/8ths and 7/8ths of the sky. Buoyancy- That property of an object that enables it to float on the surface of a liquid, or as in the case with air parcels, to ascend and remain freely suspended in the atmosphere.Bubble High- A mesoscale area of high pressure, typically associated with cooler air from the rainy downdraft area of a thunderstorm or a complex of thunderstorms. A gust front or outflow boundary separates a bubble high from the surrounding air.Bulk Richardson Number (or BRN)- A non-dimensional number relating vertical stability and vertical shear (generally, stability divided by shear). High values indicate unstable and/or weakly-sheared environments; low values indicate weak instability and/or strong vertical shear. Generally, values in the range of around 50 to 100 suggest environmental conditions favorable for supercell development.Bust- An inaccurate forecast, usually a situation in which significant weather is expected, but does not occur.BWER - Bounded Weak Echo Region. (Also known as a vault.) Radar signature within a thunderstorm characterized by a local minimum in radar reflectivity at low levels which extends upward into, and is surrounded by, higher reflectivities aloft. This feature is associated with a strong updraft and is almost always found in the inflow region of a thunderstorm. It cannot be seen visually.CAA- Cold Air AdvectionCalm- the absence of apparent motion in the air.Cap (or Capping Inversion)- A layer of relatively warm air aloft (usually several thousand feet above the ground) which suppresses or delays the development of thunderstorms. Air parcels rising into this layer become cooler than the surrounding air, which inhibits their ability to rise further. As such, the cap often prevents or delays thunderstorm development even in the presence of extreme instability.CAPE- Convective Available Potential Energy. A measure of the amount of energy available for convection. CAPE is directly related to the maximum potential vertical speed within an updraft; thus, higher values indicate greater potential for severe weather. Observed values in thunderstorm environments often may exceed 1,000 joules per kilogram (j/kg), and in extreme cases may exceed 5,000 j/kg. However, as with other indices or indicators, there are no threshold values above which severe weather becomes imminent.Cb- Cumulonimbus cloudCeiling- The height of the lowest layer of broken or overcast clouds. Ceilometer- A device used to evaluate the height of clouds or the vertical visibility into a surface-based obscuration.Cell- Convection in the form of a single updraft, downdraft, orupdraft/downdraft couplet, typically seen as a vertical dome or tower as in a cumulus or towering cumulus cloud. A typical thunderstorm consists of several cellsCelsius- a temperature scale in which zero is the freezing point of water and one hundred is the boiling point.Chance- A 30, 40 or 50 percent chance of occurrence of measurable precipitation.Chinook Wind- A strong downslope wind that causes the air to warm rapidly as a result of compressive heating; called a foehn wind in Europe.Circulation- The pattern of the movement of air. General circulation is the flow of air of large, semi-permanent weather systems, while secondary circulation is the flow of air of more temporary weather systems.Cirriform- High altitude ice clouds with a very thin wispy appearance.Cirrocumulus- Cirrus clouds with vertical development.Cirrostratus- Cirrus clouds with a flat sheetlike appearance.Cirrus- High clouds, usually above 18,000 feet, composed of ice crystals and appearing in the form of white, delicate filaments or white or mostly white patches or narrow bands.Clear- Sky condition of less than 1/10 cloud coverage.Clear Slot- A local region of clearing skies or reduced cloud cover, indicating an intrusion of drier air; often seen as a bright area with higher cloud bases on the west or southwest side of a wall cloud.Climate-The prevalent long term weather conditions in a particular area. Climatic elements include precipitation, temperature, humidity, sunshine and windvelocity and phenomena such as fog, frost, and hail storms. Climate cannot be considered a satisfactory indicator of actual conditions since it is based upon a vast number of elements taken as an average.Climate change- This strictly refers to all forms of climatic inconsistency. But it is often used in a more restricted sense to imply a significant change. Within the media, climate change has been used synonymously with global warming. Scientists, however, use the term in a wider sense to include past climate changes also.Climate Normals- Averages of temperatures, precipitation, snowfall, etc. made over standard 30 year periods. These normals span across 3 decades and are rederived every 10 years.Climatology- the scientific study of climate.Closed Low- A low pressure area with a distinct center of cyclonic circulation which can be completely encircled by one or more isobars or height contour lines. The term usually is used to distinguish a low pressure area aloft from a low-pressure trough. Closed lows aloft typically are partially or completely detached from the main westerly current, and thus move relatively slowly.Cloud- A visible cluster of tiny water and/or ice particles in the atmosphere.Cloud Base- For a given cloud or cloud layer, it is the lowest level in the atmosphere where cloud particles are visible.Cloud Condensation Nuclei- small particles in the air on which water vapor condenses and forms cloud droplets.Cloud Streets- Rows of cumulus or cumulus-type clouds aligned parallel to the low-level flow. Cloud streets sometimes can be seen from the ground, but are seen best on satellite photographs.Cloud Tags - Ragged, detached cloud fragments; fractus or scud.Cloudburst- A sudden, intense rainfall that is normally of short duration.Cloudy- the state of the sky when 7/10ths or more of the sky is covered by clouds.Coastal Flood Warning- Issued when there is widespread coastal flooding expected within 12 hours, more than just typical overwash.Coastal Flooding- The inundation of land areas along the coast caused by sea water above normal tidal actions. This is often caused by prolonged strong onshore flow of wind and/or high astronomical tides.Coastal Forecast- A forecast of wind, wave and weather conditions between the coastline and 25 miles offshore.Coastal Waters- include the area from a line approximating the mean high water along the mainland or island as far out as 25 miles including the bays, harbors and sounds.Cold Advection- (CAA) Transport of cold air into a region by horizontal winds.Cold Air Damming- Cold air damming occurs when a cold dome of high pressure settles over northeastern New England. The clockwise circulation around the high pressure center brings northeasterly winds to the mid Atlanticregion. The northeasterly winds bank cold air against the eastern slopes of the Appalachian Mountains. Warmer air from the west or southwest is lifted above the cold air as it moves instead of warming the surface.Cold-air Funnel- A funnel cloud or (rarely) a small, relatively weak tornado that can develop from a small shower or thunderstorm when the air aloft is unusually cold (hence the name). They are much less violent than other types of tornadoes.Cold Front- A narrow transition zone separating advancing colder air from retreating warmer air. The air behind a cold front is cooler and typically drier than the air it is replacing.Cold Low- a low pressure system with cold air mass from near the surface to all vertical levels (also called a cold core low).Cold Pool- A region of relatively cold air, represented on a weather map analysis as a relative minimum in temperature surrounded by closed isotherms. Cold pools aloft represent regions of relatively low stability, whilesurface-based cold pools are regions of relatively stable air.Collar Cloud- Frequently used as a synonym for wall cloud, although it actually is a generally circular ring of cloud surrounding the upper portion of a wall cloud.Comma Cloud- A synoptic scale cloud pattern with a characteristiccomma-like shape, often seen on satellite photographs associated with large and intense low-pressure systems.Condensation- The process by which water vapor becomes a liquid; the opposite of evaporation, which is the conversion of liquid to vapor.Condensation Nuclei- Small particles in the air around which water vapor condenses.Conduction- The transfer of heat by molecular action between bodies that are in contact.Confluence- A pattern of wind flow in which air flows inward toward an axis oriented parallel to the general direction of flow. It is the opposite of difluence. Confluence is not the same as convergence. Winds often accelerate as they enter a confluent zone, resulting in speed divergence which offsets the (apparent) converging effect of the confluent flow.Congestus (or Cumulus Congestus)- A large cumulus cloud with great vertical development, usually with a cauliflower-like appearance, but lacking the characteristic anvil shaped top of a Cb.Continental Air Mass- A dry air mass originating over a large land area.Contrail- A cloud-like stream formed in cold, clear air behind the engines of an airplane.Convection- The transfer of heat within a the air by its movement. The term is used specifically to describe vertical transport of heat and moisture, especially by updrafts and downdrafts in an unstable atmosphere.Convective Outlook- A forecast containing the area(s) of expected thunderstorm occurrence and expected severity over the contiguous United States, issued several times daily by the SPC.Convective Temperature- The approximate temperature that the air near the ground must warm to in order for surface-based convection to develop, based on analysis of a sounding.Convergence- An atmospheric condition that exists when the winds cause a horizontal net inflow of air into a specified region. Divergence is the opposite, where winds cause a horizontal net outflow of air from a specified region. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)- The time in the zero degree meridian time zone.Combined Seas- The combined height of swell and wind waves.Cooling Degree Day- A form of degree day used to estimate the required energy for cooling. one cooling degree day occurs for each degree the daily mean temperature is above 65 degrees Fahrenheit.Coriolis Force- An apparent force caused by the rotation of the Earth. In the Northern Hemisphere winds are deflected to the right, and in the Southern Hemisphere to the left. In synoptic scale weather systems (hurricanes and large mid-latitude storms), the Coriolis force causes the air to rotate around a low pressure center in a cyclonic direction. The air flowing around a hurricane spins counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphereCorona- a disk of light surrounding the sun or moon; this is a result of the diffraction of light by small water droplets.CRS- Console Replacement System. This consists of a computer system and computer voice that is used to automate NOAA Weather Radio. Cumulonimbus Cloud- A vertically developed cloud, often capped by an anvil shaped cloud. Also called a thunderstorm cloud, it is frequently accompanied by heavy showers, lightning, thunder, and sometimes hail or gusty winds.Cumulus Cloud- A cloud in the shape of individual detached domes, with a flat base and a bulging upper portion resembling cauliflower.Cumulus Congestus- A large cumulus cloud with great vertical development, usually with a cauliflower-like appearance, but lacking the characteristic anvil shaped top of a Cb.Cut Off Low- An upper level low pressure system that is no longer in the normal west to east upper air flow. Usually a cut-off low will lie to the South of the established upper air flow.Cyclogenesis- Development or intensification of a low-pressure center Cyclone- An area of low pressure around which winds blow counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. Also the term used for a hurricane in the Indian Ocean and in the Western Pacific Ocean.Cyclonic Circulation (or Cyclonic Rotation)- Circulation (or rotation) which is in the same sense as the Earth's rotation, i.e., counterclockwise (in the Northern Hemisphere) as would be seen from above.Dart Leader- In lightning, the leader which, after the first stroke, initiates each succeeding stroke of a composite flash of lightning.Debris Cloud- A rotating "cloud" of dust or debris, near or on the ground, often appearing beneath a condensation funnel and surrounding the base of a tornado.Decouple- The tendency for the surface wind to become much lighter than wind above it at night when the surface temperature cools.Degree Day- a measure of the departure of the daily mean temperature from the normal daily temperature; heating and cooling Degree Days are the departure of the daily mean temperature from sixty-five degrees Fahrenheit. Dendrite- hexagonal ice crystals with complex and often fernlike branches.Dense Fog- a fog in which the visibility is less than one-quarter mile.。

气象常用专业英语词汇

气象常用专业英语词汇气象常用专业英语词汇主题词表pressure gradient 气压梯度English Chinese barometric height formula 压高公式01. 大气pressure gradient force 气压梯度力atmospheric science 大气科学Coriolis force 科里奥利力meteorology 气象学water vapor 水[蒸]汽atmosphere 大气water vapor pressure 水汽压atmospheric impurity 大气杂质humidity 湿度atmospheric suspended matter 大气悬浮物relative humidity 相对湿度atmospheric composition 大气成分absolute humidity 绝对湿度atmospheric mass 大气质量specific humidity 比湿atmospheric density 大气密度mixing ratio 混合比atmospheric subdivision 大气分层dew point [temperature] 露点(温度) homosphere 均质层depression of the dew point （温度）露点差heterosphere 非均质层super-saturated air 过饱和空气standard [pressure] level 标准层saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿isothermal layer 等温层saturation vapor pressure 饱和水汽压lower atmosphere 低层大气saturation deficit 饱和差middle atmosphere 中层大气cloud 云upper atmosphere 高层大气low cloud 低云troposphere 对流层middle cloud 中云tropopause 对流层顶high cloud 高云stratosphere 平流层cloud amount 云量stratopause 平流层顶cloud height 云高mesosphere 中间层cloud genera 云属mesopause 中间层顶cloud etage 云族thermosphere 热层cloud species 云种exosphere 外[逸]层cloud variety 云类ionosphere 电离层cloud form 云状magnetosphere 磁层cirrus, Ci 卷云ozonosphere 臭氧层cirrostratus, Cs 卷层云free atmosphere 自由大气cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云planetary atmosphere 行星大气altocumulus, Ac 高积云standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere) 标准大气（参考altostratus, As 高层云大气）cumulus, Cu 积云homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气cumulus humilis, Cu hum 淡积云isothermal atmosphere 等温大气cumulus congestus, Cu con 浓积云polytropic atmosphere 多元大气cumulonimbus, Cb 积雨云scale height 大气标高cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云meteorological element 气象要素stratocumulus, Sc 层积云air temperature 气温stratus, St 层云wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度nimbostratus, Ns 雨层云dry-bulb temperature 干球温度stratiform cloud 层状云atmospheric pressure 气压cumuliform cloud 积状云standard atmosphere pressure 标准大气压cold cloud 冷云station pressure 本站气压warm cloud 暖云sea-level pressure 海平面气压ice cloud 冰云10/ 1气象常用专业英语词汇wind 风precipitation intensity 降水强度showery precipitation 阵性降水wind direction 风向convective precipitation 对流性降水wind speed, wind velocity 风速orographic precipitation 地形降水maximum wind speed 最大风速rain 极大风速雨extreme wind speedrain drop 雨滴wind speed profile 风速廓线rain shadow 雨影wind force 风力glaze 雨凇wind force scale 风级rain day Beaufort [wind] scale 蒲福风级雨日rainfall [amount] 级风calm 0 雨量continuous precipitation 连续性降水light air 1级风intermittent precipitation 间歇性降水light breeze 2级风showery rain gentle breeze 3级风阵雨freezing rain 冻雨moderate breeze 4级风drizzle 毛毛雨fresh breeze 5级风light rain 小雨strong breeze 6级风moderate rain 中雨near gale 7级风大雨heavy rain 级风gale 8暴雨torrential rain strong gale 9级风地方性降水local precipitation storm 10级风地形雨violent storm 11级风orographic rain级风hurricane 12 风暴stormgust 阵风暴尘]sandstorm, duststorm 沙[ local wind 雹暴hail storm 地方性风霾haze surface wind 地面风浮尘焚风foehn dustmountain-valley breeze 山谷风dew 露frost 霜海陆风sea-land breeze向岸风frost point 霜点on-shore windoff-shore wind first frost 初霜离岸风latest frost gorge wind 峡谷风终霜龙卷主导风向predominantwind direction tornadodust devil 尘卷风盛行风prevailing windsnow wind pressure 风压雪wind energy sleet 雨夹雪风能wind energy resources 风能资源showery snow 阵雪[风能玫瑰wind energy rose snow crystal 雪晶图]能见度visibility 雪花snowflake晴天clear sky 米雪snow grainspartly cloudy 少云雪暴snowstorm多云cloudy snow cover 积雪阴天overcast snowfall [amount] 雪量blue of the sky 天空蓝度雪深snow depth雪日snow day 天空状况sky conditionicing 降水precipitation 积冰降水量amount of precipitation 冰雹hail10/ 2气象常用专业英语词汇thunder 雷thermometer 温度表telethermometer 遥测温度表thunderstorm 雷暴thermograph 温度计thunder shower 雷阵雨geothermometer 地温表lightning 闪电surface geothermometer 雾地面温度表fogangle geothermometer 曲管地温表mist 轻雾tube-typed geothermometer 直管地温表wet fog 湿雾maximum thermometer 最高温度表sea fog 海雾minimum thermometer ice fog 冰雾最低温度表mercury thermometer 锋面雾frontal fog 水银温度表Lyman-αadvection fog 平流雾hygrometer 莱曼-α湿度表bimetallic thermograph radiation fog 辐射雾双金属片温度计barograph 平流辐射雾气压计advection-radiation foganeroid barograph 空盒气压计mixing fog 混合雾mountain barograph evaporation fog 蒸发雾高山气压计barometer 气压表supercooled fog 过冷却雾aneroid barometer 空盒气压表ground fog 地面雾ship-barometer 船用气压表上坡雾upslope fogmountain barometer air-mass fog 气团雾高山气压表pressure altimeter 气压测高表tropical air fog 热带气团雾normal barometer 雾凇标准气压表rimemercury barometer graupel 水银气压表霰Fortin barometer 福丁气压表percentage of sunshine 日照百分率Kew pattern barometer 寇乌气压表日照时数sunshine durationhygrograph 湿度计duration of possible sunshine 可照时数hygrometer 湿度表psychrometer 02. 大气探测干湿表aspirated psychrometer 通风干湿表atmospheric sounding and observing 大气探测Assmann psychrometer 阿斯曼干湿表气象观测meteorological observationdew-point hygrometer 露点湿度表surface observation 地面观测hair hygrometer 毛发湿度表目测visual observationhair hygrograph 毛发湿度计本底污染观测background pollution observation黑白球温度表black and white bulb thermometer field observation 外场观测气压温度计常规观测conventional observation barothermographsounding 干球温度表探空dry-bulb thermometer高空观测upper air observation 湿球温度表wet-bulb thermometeraircraft sounding 飞机探测日照计sunshine recorderJordan sunshine recorder 火箭探测rocket sounding 乔唐日照计无线电探空radio sounding -司托克日照计Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder 康培尔地面资料surface data 直接辐射表pyrheliometerupper air data 高空资料pyranometer 总辐射表observation site sky radiometer diffusometer 观测场天空辐射表meteorological platform 气象观测平台反照率表albedometer 净辐射表pyranometer 自动气象站automatic meteorological stationevaporograph 气象仪器meteorological instrument 蒸发计百叶箱screen,instrument shelter 小型蒸发器evaporation pan10/ 3气象常用专业英语词汇evaporation tank 大型蒸发器coagulation 碰并standard pan 标准蒸发器ice crystal 冰晶ceiling projector 云幂灯ice point 冰点visibility meter,visiometer 能见度表condensation 凝结raingauge 雨量器evaporation 蒸发pluviograph,recording raingauge 雨量计solidification 凝固accumulative raingauge 累计雨量器deposition 凝华tilting bucket raingauge 翻斗[式]雨量计sublimation 升华electric conductivity raingauge 水导[式]雨量计freezing 冻结siphon rainfall recorder 虹吸[式]雨量计condensation nucleus 凝结核salt nucleus 雨强计盐核rainfall intensity recorderweather modification 人工影响天气telemetering pluviograph 遥测雨量计cloud dissipation 消云wind vane 风向标salt-seeding 盐粉播撒anemometer 风速表frost prevention 防霜contact anemometer 电接风速表artificial precipitation 人工降水转杯风速表cup anemometer cloud cluster 云团式]风速表propeller anemometer 螺旋桨[tropical cloud cluster 热带云团anemorumbometer 风向风速表cloud system 云系anemograph 风速计comma cloud system 逗点云系气象火箭meteorological rocket banded cloud system 带状云系sounding rocket 探空火箭vortex cloud system 涡旋云系weather radar 天气雷达atmospheric radiation 大气辐射meteorological radar 气象雷达solar radiation lidar 激光雷达太阳辐射solar constant 太阳常数[sodar, acoustic radar 声雷]达outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR 向外长波辐射Doppler radar 多普勒天气雷达visible light 可见光atmospheric remote sensing 大气遥感radiation balance 辐射平衡气象卫星meteorological satellite global radiation 总辐射synoptic data 天气资料direct radiation 直接辐射实时资料real time data effective radiation radiation transfer equation 辐射传输方程有效辐射scattered radiation 散射辐射大气传输模式atmospheric transmission modeldiffuse radiation 漫射辐射sky radiation 天空辐射大气物理学03.upward [tatal] radiation 向上[全学大气物理atmospheric physics [] ]辐射downward [total] radiation 向下[全cloud physics 云物理学]辐射incoming radiation 平流advection 入射辐射albedo of the earth-atmosphere system convection 对流地气系统反照率albedo of underlying surface aerosol 下垫面反照率气溶胶atmospheric counter radiation cloud droplet-size distribution 大气逆辐射云滴谱radiance 辐射率雨滴谱raindrop size distributionalbedo 反照率fog-drop 雾滴planetary temperature 云滴cloud droplet 行星温度atmospheric window 大气窗过冷云滴supercooled cloud droplet[atmospheric] absorptivity [大气滴谱drop spectrum ]吸收率primary scattering 一次散射碰撞collision10/ 4气象常用专业英语词汇Mie scattering 米散射smog aerosol 烟雾气溶胶multiple scattering 多次散射ash cloud 烟灰云Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射smog 烟雾sky brightness, sky luminance 天空亮度smoke screen 烟幕atmospheric optical thickness, atmospheric optical depth 大acid rain 酸雨气光学厚度smoke 烟smoke plume 透明度烟羽[atmospheric] transparency [大气]plume rise 烟羽抬升atmospheric optical phenomena 大气光学现象fallout 沉降物atmospheric turbidity 大气浑浊度mirage 蜃景05. 动力气象学曙暮光twilightdynamic meteorology 南极光动力气象学aurora australisatmospheric thermodynamics 大气热力学aurora borealis 北极光sensible heat 感热halo 晕latent heat 潜热46°halo 46度晕reversible adiabatic process 可逆绝热过程度晕halo 2222°irreversible adiabatic process 日晕solar halo 不可逆绝热过程moisture inversion 月晕逆湿lunar halothermodynamic equation 热力学方程solar corona 日华temperature inversion 逆温lunar corona 月华turbulence inversion rainbow 湍流逆温虹surface inversion 地面逆温secondary rainbow 霓radiation inversion 辐射逆温corona 华capping inversion 覆盖逆温twilight colors 霞subsidence inversion 下沉逆温极光aurorafrontal inversion 锋面逆温环] [glory 宝光inversion layer 磁暴magnetic storm 逆温层temperature gradient 温度梯度temperature advection 温度平流大气化学04.adiabatic ascending atmospheric chemistry 绝热上升大气化学adiabatic sinking atmospheric photolysis 大气光解作用绝热下沉adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却大气臭氧atmospheric ozoneadiabatic heating 绝热增温atmospheric trace gas 大气痕量气体pseudo-adiabatic process 假绝热过程光化反应photochemical reactiondiabatic process 光化烟雾非绝热过程photochemical smogconvective condensation level, CCL 对流凝结高度降水化学precipitation chemistry混合凝结高度mixing condensation level ] [atmospheric background 大气本底值temperature lapse rate 大气污染atmospheric pollution 气温直减率dry adiabatic lapse rate air pollution 空气污染干绝热直减率原生污染物primary pollutant 湿绝热直减率moist adiabatic lapse rate secondary pollutant 次生污染物凝结高度condensation level, CL虚温virtual temperature 大气净化atmospheric cleaningdry adiabatic process 飘尘floating dust 干绝热过程降尘dustfall 湿绝热过程moist adiabatic process温室气体位温potential temperature greenhouse gasses运动方程大气污染物atmospheric pollutant equation of motion10/ 5气象常用专业英语词汇continuity equation 连续方程southern branch jet stream 南支急流basic flow 基本气流equation of state 状态方程subtropical jet stream 副热带急流vorticity equation 涡度方程axis of jet stream 急流轴divergence equation 散度方程warm advection hydrostatic equation 流体静力方程暖平流cold advection 冷平流ω-equation ω方程upward flow 上升气流perturbation equation 扰动方程downward flow 下沉气流thermal wind equation 热成风方程geostrophic motion advective equation 平流方程地转运动quasi-geostrophic motion balance equation 平衡方程准地转运动Ekman layer 埃克曼层baroclinic process 斜压过程Ekman spiral 埃克曼螺线geostrophic adjustment 地转适应atmospheric circulation 大气环流有效位能available potential energymeridional circulation 经向环流geopotential meter 位势米zonal circulation 纬向环流geopotential height 位势高度Hadley cell 哈得来环流inertial instability 惯性不稳定Walker cell 沃克环流自由对流高度free convection leveldirect circulation 直接环流][atmospheric] stability [大气稳定度indirect circulation 间接环流[静力稳定度static stability 圈]trade-wind circulation 绝对稳定信风环流absolute stabilitycirculation cell absolute instability 环流圈绝对不稳定local circulation 局地环流neutral stability 中性稳定three-cell [meridional] circulation 三圈经向环流不稳定性条件conditional instability []circulation index barotropic instability 正压不稳定环流指数high index 高指数斜压不稳定baroclinic instabilitylow index 低指数潜在不稳定latent instabilityindex cycle 位涡守恒conservation of potential vorticity 指数循环circulation theorem 坐标z-coordinate z 环流定理Kelvin's theorem of circulation 开尔文环流定理p-coordinate p坐标σBjer knes circulation theorem -coordinate σ坐标皮叶克尼斯环流定理-coordinate θ位温坐标越赤道气流cross-equatorial flow 辐合convergence 大气活动中心atmospheric center of action 尺度分析divergence 辐散scaling天气尺度synoptic scale 散度divergence行星尺度planetary scale 水平散度horizontal divergence中尺度meso scale 涡度vorticity罗斯贝波mesoscale model 中尺度模式Rossby wavegeneral circulation model, GCM 大气环流模式定常波stationary wave旋衡风cyclostrophic wind 正压模式barotropic modelgradient wind 梯度风斜压模式baroclinic model热成风thermal windveering wind 顺转风地转风geostrophic wind 天气学06.antitriptic wind 天气学synoptic meteorology 摩擦风天气weather jet stream 急流北支急流northern branch jet stream 天气图synoptic chart10/ 6气象常用专业英语词汇weather symbol 天气符号cold trough 冷槽barb 风速羽long-wave trough 长波槽wind shaft 风矢杆East Asia major trough 东亚大槽wind arrow 风矢cyclone 气旋present weather 现在天气cyclonic circulation 气旋性环流past weather 过去天气cyclonic shear 气旋性切变upper air chart 高空[天气]图extratropical cyclone 温带气旋surface chart 地面[天气]图cyclone family 气旋族isobaric surface 等压面occluded cyclone 锢囚气旋standard isobaric surface, mandatory level 标准等压面cyclogenesis 气旋生成contour chart 等压面图cyclolysis 气旋消散cold vortex 雨量图冷涡rainfall chartwarm vortex isoline 等值线暖涡permanent depression 等温线永久性低压isothermsemi-permanent depression 半永久性低压isodrosotherm 等露点线Aleutian low 阿留申低压等变温线isallothermIcelandic low 冰岛低压isobar 等压线Changjiang-Huaihe cyclone 地形等压线topographic isobar 江淮气旋Changjiang-Huaihe shear line 江淮切变线isallobar 等变压线South China Sea depression 南海低压等高线contour lineMongolian low shear line 切变线蒙古低压Northeast China low 东北低压squall line 飑线mid-tropospheric cyclone pressure field 气压场对流层中层气旋涡低风场]Southwest China vortex 西南[wind fieldallobaric field 变压场压气]high pressure 高[ 冷高压cold high 正变压中心anallobaric center katallobaric center 负变压中心warmhigh 暖高压ridge humidity field 湿度场高压脊ridge line 脊线wet tongue 湿舌warm ridge 暖脊干舌dry tonguedry line 干线col pressure field 鞍形气压场温度场temperature field 高压坝high pressure barrier变形场cold tongue 冷舌deformation field反气旋anticyclone 暖舌warm tongue反气旋环流pressure system 气压系统anticyclonic circulation。

气象专业英语

Serve as 充当，作为
P1①National Meteorological Services perform a variety of activities in order to provide weather forecasts. ②The principal ones are data collection, the preparation of basic analyses and prognostic charts of short-and long-term forecasts for the public as well as special services for aviation, shipping , agricultural and other commercial and industrial users, and the issuance of severe weather warnings.
stations for severe weather . ②Under the World
Weather Watch (WWW) program, synoptic reports are made at some 4,000 land stations and
by 7,000 ships. ③There are about 700 stations
Thunderstorm 雷暴 hurricane 飓风 Typhoon 台风 Subgrid 次网格 Substructure n. 次级结构 sub+… 亚；次级；下级（构词法） Subtropic 副热带，亚热带 Unpredictable 不可预报的 predictable 可预报的 Predictability 可预报性 Frame-work 框架 Topographic 地形的 orographic Gust 阵风 tornado （陆）龙卷 Freezing 冻结的 Doppler(radar)多谱勒雷达 Index(indices)指数 shear 切变 Downburst 下击暴流

气象专业英语词汇

主题词表EnglishChinese01.大气atmosphericscience大气科学meteorology气象学theoreticalmeteorology理论气象学mesometeorology中尺度气象学micrometeorology微气象学physicalmeteorology物理气象学atmosphere大气evolutionofatmosphere大气演化atmosphericimpurity大气杂质atmosphericsuspendedmatter大气悬浮物atmosphericdiffusion大气扩散atmosphericcomposition大气成分atmosphericion大气离子atmosphericmass大气质量airquality大气品位atmosphericdensity大气密度atmosphericsubdivision大气分层homosphere均质层heterosphere非均质层homopause均质层顶significantlevel特性层standard[pressure]level标准层isothermallayer等温层loweratmosphere低层大气middleatmosphere中层大气upperatmosphere高层大气troposphere对流层tropopause对流层顶stratosphere平流层stratopause平流层顶mesosphere中间层mesopause中间层顶thermosphere热层exosphere外[逸]层ionosphere电离层magnetosphere磁层magnetopause磁层顶chemosphere光化层chemopause光化层顶ozonosphere臭氧层freeatmosphere自由大气planetaryatmosphere行星大气standardatmosphere(referenceatmosphere)标准大气（参考大气）homogeneousatmosphere均质大气isothermalatmosphere等温大气polytropicatmosphere多元大气scaleheight大气标高meteorologicalelement气象要素airtemperature气温wet-bulbtemperature湿球温度dry-bulbtemperature干球温度temperatureprofile温度廓线atmosphericpressure气压standardatmospherepressure标准大气压stationpressure本站气压sea-levelpressure海平面气压pressuregradient气压梯度barometricheightformula压高公式pressuregradientforce气压梯度力Coriolisforce科里奥利力watervapor水[蒸]汽transferofwatervapor水汽输送watervaporprofile水汽廓线watervaporpressure水汽压humidity湿度relativehumidity相对湿度absolutehumidity绝对湿度specifichumidity比湿mixingratio混合比dewpoint[temperature]露点(温度) depressionofthedewpoint（温度）露点差super-saturatedair过饱和空气saturationspecifichumidity饱和比湿saturationvaporpressure饱和水汽压psychrometricformula测湿公式saturationdeficit饱和差internationalcloudatlas国际云图cloud云lowcloud低云middlecloud中云highcloud高云cloudbase云底cloudtop云顶cloudceiling云幂cloudamount云量totalcloudcover总云量cloudwithverticaldevelopment直展云cloudheight云高cloudgenera云属cloudetage云族cloudspecies云种cloudvariety云类cloudform云状cirrus,Ci卷云cirrusfibratus,Cifib毛卷云cirrusspissatus,Cispi密卷云cirrusuncinus,Ciunc钩卷云cirrostratus,Cs卷层云cirrostratusfibratus,Csfib毛卷层云cirrostratusnebulosus,Csneb薄幕卷层云cirrocumulus,Cc卷积云altocumulus,Ac高积云altocumulustranslucidus,Actr透光高积云altocumulusopacus,Acop蔽光高积云altocumuluslenticularis,Aclen荚状高积云altocumuluscumulogenitus,Accug积云性高积云altocumulusfloccus絮状高积云altocumuluscastellanus,Accas堡状高积云altostratus,As高层云altostratustranslucidus,Astr透光高层云altostratusopacus,Asop蔽光高层云cumulus,Cu积云cumulushumilis,Cuhum淡积云cumulusmediocris,Cumed中展积云cumulusfractus,Cufra碎积云cumuluscongestus,Cucon浓积云cumulonimbus,Cb积雨云cumulonimbuscalvus,Cbcal秃积雨云cumulonimbuscapillatus,Cbcap鬃积雨云stratocumulus,Sc层积云stratocumulustranslucidus,Sctr透光层积云stratocumulusopacus,Scop蔽光层积云stratocumuluscumulogenitus,Sccug积云性层积云stratocumuluscastellanus,Sccas堡状层积云stratocumuluslenticularis,Sclen荚状层积云stratus,St层云stratusfractus,Stfra碎层云nimbostratus,Ns雨层云stratiformcloud层状云cumuliformcloud积状云fracto-nimbus,Fn碎雨云chaoticsky混乱天空coldcloud冷云warmcloud暖云icecloud冰云watercloud水云hailcloud[冰]雹云wind风winddirection风向windspeed,windvelocity风速maximumwindspeed最大风速extremewindspeed极大风速windspeedprofile风速廓线horizontalwindvector水平风矢量windforce风力windforcescale风级Beaufort[wind]scale蒲福风级calm0级风lightair1级风lightbreeze2级风gentlebreeze3级风moderatebreeze4级风freshbreeze5级风strongbreeze6级风neargale7级风gale8级风stronggale9级风storm10级风violentstorm11级风hurricane12级风gust阵风localwind地方性风surfacewind地面风foehn焚风mountain-valleybreeze山谷风sea-landbreeze海陆风on-shorewind向岸风off-shorewind离岸风gorgewind峡谷风slopewind坡风glacierbreeze冰川风drainagewind流泄风visibility能见度effectivevisibility有效能见度visualrangeoflight灯光能见距离surfacevisibility地面能见度horizontalvisibility水平能见度verticalvisibility垂直能见度slantvisibility倾斜能见度meteor大气现象weatherphenomenon天气现象clearsky晴天partlycloudy少云cloudy多云overcast阴天blueofthesky天空蓝度apparentformofthesky天穹形状stateofground地面状态skycondition天空状况precipitation降水amountofprecipitation降水量precipitationintensity降水强度showeryprecipitation阵性降水convectiveprecipitation对流性降水non-convectiveprecipitation非对流性降水orographicprecipitation地形降水rain雨rainvirga雨幡raindrop雨滴rainshadow雨影glaze雨凇rainday雨日rainfall[amount]雨量continuousprecipitation连续性降水intermittentprecipitation间歇性降水showeryrain阵雨freezingrain冻雨drizzle毛毛雨lightrain小雨moderaterain中雨heavyrain大雨torrentialrain暴雨localprecipitation地方性降水orographicrain地形雨storm风暴sandstorm,duststorm沙[尘]暴hailstorm雹暴haze霾hazealoft高空霾dust浮尘blowingsand高吹沙driftingsand低吹沙dew露frost霜frostpoint霜点firstfrost初霜latestfrost终霜tornado龙卷dustdevil尘卷风squall飑snow雪snowvirga雪幡sleet雨夹雪showerysnow阵雪snowcrystal雪晶snowflake雪花snowgrains米雪snowstorm雪暴drivensnow吹雪driftingsnow低吹雪blowingsnow高吹雪snowcover积雪snowfall[amount]雪量snowdepth雪深snowday雪日icing积冰wireicing电线积冰hail冰雹hailstone雹块icepellet冰丸thunder雷thunderstorm雷暴thundershower雷阵雨orographicthunderstorm地形雷暴thunderstormcell雷暴单体atmospherics天电lightning闪电lightningchannel闪电通道forkedlightning叉状闪电sheetlightning片状闪电balllightning球状闪电streaklightning条状闪电pearl-necklacelightning串珠状闪电fog雾mist轻雾wetfog湿雾seafog海雾icefog冰雾frontalfog锋面雾advectionfog平流雾radiationfog辐射雾advection-radiationfog平流辐射雾mixingfog混合雾evaporationfog蒸发雾supercooledfog过冷却雾groundfog地面雾upslopefog上坡雾air-massfog气团雾tropicalairfog热带气团雾rime雾凇graupel霰percentageofsunshine日照百分率sunshineduration日照时数durationofpossiblesunshine可照时数02.大气探测atmosphericsoundingandobserving大气探测meteorologicalobservation气象观测synopticobservation天气观测synoptichour天气观测时间principalsynopticobservation基本天气观测intermediatesynopticobservation辅助天气观测surfaceobservation地面观测visualobservation目测backgroundpollutionobservation本底污染观测fieldobservation外场观测conventionalobservation常规观测non-conventionalobservation非常规观测shipobservation船舶观测fixedpointobservation定点观测space-basedobservation空基观测ground-basedobservation地基观测mountainobservation山地观测sounding探空upperairobservation高空观测auxiliaryshipobservation,ASO辅助船舶观测aircraftsounding飞机探测rocketsounding火箭探测radiosounding无线电探空captiveballoonsounding系留气球探测pilotballoonobservation测风气球观测radiowindobservation无线电测风观测standardtimeofobservation标准观测时间actualtimeofobservation实际观测时间observationalfrequency观测次数observationalerror观测误差supplementaryobservation补充观测autographicrecords自记记录surfacedata地面资料upperairdata高空资料barometerlevel气压表高度pressurereduction气压换算barometriccorrection气压订正internationalsynopticcode国际[天气]电码networkofmeteorologicalstation气象台站网observationsite观测场meteorologicalplatform气象观测平台oceanweatherstation海洋气象站fixedshipstation固定船舶站mobileshipstation移动船舶站mountainobservationstation高山[观]测站automaticmeteorologicalstation自动气象站meteorologicalinstrument气象仪器screen,instrumentshelter百叶箱thermometer温度表telethermometer遥测温度表thermograph温度计geothermometer地温表surfacegeothermometer地面温度表anglegeothermometer曲管地温表tube-typedgeothermometer直管地温表grassthermometer草温表maximumthermometer最高温度表minimumthermometer最低温度表mercurythermometer水银温度表Lyman-αhygrometer莱曼-α湿度表bimetallicthermograph双金属片温度计barograph气压计aneroidbarograph空盒气压计mountainbarograph高山气压计barometer气压表aneroidbarometer空盒气压表ship-barometer船用气压表mountainbarometer高山气压表pressurealtimeter气压测高表normalbarometer标准气压表nationalstandardbarometer国家标准气压表regionalstandardbarometer区域标准气压表absolutestandardbarometer绝对标准气压表microbarograph微压计mercurybarometer水银气压表Fortinbarometer福丁气压表Kewpatternbarometer寇乌气压表hygrograph湿度计hygrometer湿度表psychrometer干湿表aspiratedpsychrometer通风干湿表standardaspiratedpsychrometer标准通风干湿表whirlingpsychrometer,slingpsychrometer手摇干湿表Assmannpsychrometer阿斯曼干湿表dew-pointhygrometer露点湿度表hairhygrometer毛发湿度表hairhygrograph毛发湿度计blackandwhitebulbthermometer黑白球温度表barothermograph气压温度计dry-bulbthermometer干球温度表wet-bulbthermometer湿球温度表sunshinerecorder日照计Jordansunshinerecorder乔唐日照计Campbell-Stokessunshinerecorder康培尔-司托克日照计pyrheliometer直接辐射表pyranometer总辐射表skyradiometerdiffusometer天空辐射表albedometer反照率表pyranometer净辐射表pilot-balloonplottingboard测风绘图板hail-rainseparator雹雨分离器evaporograph蒸发计evaporationpan小型蒸发器evaporationtank大型蒸发器standardpan标准蒸发器ceilingprojector云幂灯visibilitymeter,visiometer能见度表raingauge雨量器pluviograph,recordingraingauge雨量计accumulativeraingauge累计雨量器tiltingbucketraingauge翻斗[式]雨量计electricconductivityraingauge水导[式]雨量计siphonrainfallrecorder虹吸[式]雨量计rainfallintensityrecorder雨强计telemeteringpluviograph遥测雨量计windvane风向标anemometer风速表contactanemometer电接风速表cupanemometer转杯风速表propelleranemometer螺旋桨[式]风速表anemorumbometer风向风速表hot-wireanemometer热线风速表strongwindanemograph强风仪navaidwind-finding导航测风laserceilometer激光云幂仪anemograph风速计radiotheodolite无线电经纬仪aerologicaltheodolite测风经纬仪radiosonde无线电探空仪dropsonde下投式探空仪constantlevelballoon定高气球ultrasonicanemometer超声测风仪ceilingballoon云幂气球meteorologicalaircraft气象飞机snowscale,snowdepthscale量雪尺weightingsnow-gauge称雪器drosometer,dewgauge测露表frozensoilapparatus冻土器sonde探空仪profiler廓线仪meteorologicalrocket气象火箭soundingrocket探空火箭weatherradar天气雷达meteorologicalradar气象雷达lidar激光雷达sodar,acousticradar声[雷]达Dopplerradar多普勒天气雷达incoherentradar非相干雷达radarnetworkcomposite雷达组网radarsounding雷达探空windfindingradar测风雷达Dopplersodar多普勒声达Dopplerlidar多普勒激光雷达MSTradarMST雷达UHFDopplerradar超高频雷达VHFradar甚高频雷达coherentmemoryfilter,CMF相干存储滤波器radarrainfallintegrator雷达雨量积分器rangevelocitydisplay,RVD距离速度显示velocityazimuthdisplay,VAD速度方位显示constantaltitudeplanpositionindicator,CAP PI等高平面位置显示器planpostionindicator,PPI平面位置显示器planshearindicator,PSI平面切变显示器velocityazimuthrangedisplay,VARD速度方位距离显示radarsonde雷达测风仪atmosphericremotesensing大气遥感inversetechnique反演法temperatureretrieval温度反演inversionofsatellitesounding卫星探测反演meteorologicalsatellite气象卫星NIMBUS雨云卫星NOAA诺阿卫星polar-orbitingmeteorologicalsatellite极轨气象卫星TIROS泰罗斯卫星TIROS-N泰罗斯-N卫星ESSA艾萨卫星ITOS艾托斯卫星geostationarymeteorologicalsatellite,GMS地球静止气象卫星meteorologicalsatellitegroundstation气象卫星地面站microwaveradiometer微波辐射仪highresolutioninterferometricsounder高分辨[率]干涉探测器highresolutioninfraredradiationsounder,HR IRS高分辨[率]红外辐射探测器scanningradiometer,SR扫描辐射仪veryhighresolutionradiometer,VHRR甚高分辨率辐射仪verticaltemperatureprofileradiometer温度垂直廓线辐射仪datacollectionplatform,DCP资料收集平台automaticpicturetransmission,APT自动图象传输highresolutionpicturetransmission,HRPT高分辨[率]图象传输highresolutionfacsimile,HR-FAX高分辨率[云图]传真lowresolutionfacsimile,LR-FAX低分辨率[云图]传真delaypicturetransmission,DPT延时图象传输directread-outgroundstation直读式地面站weatherfacsimile,WEFAX天气图传真synopticdata天气资料non-synopticdata非天气资料realtimedata实时资料non-realtimedata非实时资料stretcheddata时展资料sub-satellitepoint[卫星]星下点temporalresolution时间分辨率spatialresolution空间分辨率fullresolution全分辨率radiationtransferequation辐射传输方程atmospherictransmissionmodel大气传输模式03.大气物理学atmosphericphysics大气物理[学] cloudphysics云物理学precipitationphysics降水物理学clouddynamics云动力学middleatmosphericphysics中层大气物理学aeronomy高空大气学aerology高空气象学radiometeorology无线电气象学boundarylayermeteorology边界层气象学boundarylayerclimate边界层气候atmosphericboundarylayer大气边界层air-seainterface海气界面air-seaexchange海气交换tracerdiffusionexperiment示踪扩散实验surfacelayer近地层surfaceroughness地面粗糙度atmosphericduct大气波导advection平流convection对流freeconvection自由对流forcedconvection强迫对流convectioncell对流单体Benardcell贝纳胞Benardconvection贝纳对流convectionmodel对流模式updraught上曳气流downdraught下曳气流transitionalflow过渡气流drydeposition干沉降wetdeposition湿沉降aerosol气溶胶aerosolparticlesizedistribution气溶胶粒子谱aqueousaerosol湿气溶胶stratosphericaerosol平流层气溶胶hailgenerationzone冰雹生成区conicalhail锥形冰雹hailembryo雹核haillobe雹瓣hailpellet雹粒cumulonimbusmodel积雨云模式condensationprocess凝结过程cloudcondensationnuclei,CCN云凝结核artificialnucleation人工成核作用cloudtoptemperature云顶温度ice-watermixedcloud冰水混合云cloudstructure云结构cloudparticlesampler云滴采样器clouddroplet-sizedistribution云滴谱clouddropletcollector云滴谱仪raindropsizedistribution雨滴谱drop-sizedistributionparameter滴谱参数disdrometer,raindropdisdrometer雨滴谱仪fog-drop雾滴clouddroplet云滴supercooledclouddroplet过冷云滴dropspectrum滴谱collision碰撞coagulation碰并icecrystal冰晶iceneedle冰针icenucleus冰核icepoint冰点condensation凝结evaporation蒸发potentialevaporation潜在蒸发solidification凝固deposition凝华sublimation升华freezing冻结freezingnucleus冻结核condensationnucleus凝结核saltnucleus盐核cloudchamber云室combustionnucleus燃烧核depositionnucleus凝华核weathermodification人工影响天气targetarea目标区clouddissipation消云salt-seeding盐粉播撒frostprevention防霜cloudseeding播云cloudseedingagent播云剂artificialprecipitation人工降水hailsuppression防雹fogdissipation消雾dynamiccloudseeding动力播云radarmeteorology雷达气象学meteorologicalradarequation气象雷达方程radarmeteorologicalobservation雷达气象观测radarreflectivityfactor雷达反射率因子radarequivalentreflectivityfactor雷达等效反射率因子weatherecho天气回波cloudecho云回波echowall回波墙superrefractionecho超折射回波secondtripecho二次回波incoherentecho非相干回波coherentecho相干回波groundecho地物回波clearairecho晴空回波convectiveecho对流回波whirlingecho涡旋状回波spiralrain-bandecho螺旋雨带回波layeredecho层状回波bandedecho带状回波hookecho钩状回波weakechovault弱回波穹窿precipitationecho降水回波angelecho异常回波elevatedecho雨幡回波cellecho单体回波supercell超级单体multiple-cellecho多单体回波echocomplex回波复合体cloudtopheight,CTH云顶高度echodepth回波厚度echocharacter回波特征echoanalysis回波分析echodistortion回波畸变radarreflectivity雷达反射率superrefraction超折射negativerefraction负折射troposphericrefraction对流层折射beamfillingcoefficient波束充塞系数rangebin距离库rangeaveraging距离平均azimuthaveraging方位平均rangeresolution距离分辨率azimuthresolution方位角分辨率numberofrangesamples距离采样数coherent-videosignal相干视频信号quantizedsignal量化信号depolarizationratio退偏振比rotationband转动谱带Dopplervelocity多普勒速度rangeambiguity距离模糊maximumunambiguousrange最大不模糊距离velocityambiguity速度模糊realtimedisplay实时显示patternrecognitiontechnique图形识别技术trackingradarechoesbycorrelation,TREC雷达回波相关跟踪法thunderstormmonitoring雷暴监测grayscale灰[色标]度cloudattenuation云衰减precipitationattenuation降水衰减rangeattenuation距离衰减echosyntheticchart回波综合图iso-echocontour等回波线normalizedechointensity归一化回波强度isolatedcell孤立单体weakcell弱单体satellitemeteorology卫星气象学satellitesounding卫星探测cloudcluster云团satellitecloudpicture卫星云图sectorizedcloudpicture分区云图picturemosaic拼图imageprocessing图象处理distortioncorrection畸变校正infraredcloudpicture红外云图visiblecloudpicture可见光云图nulti-spectralimage,MSI多波段图象microwaveimage微波图象imageresolution图象分辨率digitizedcloudmap数字化云图enhancedcloudpicture增强云图false-colorcloudpicture假彩色云图pseudo-colorcloudpicture伪彩色云图full-disccloudpicture全景圆盘云图nephanalysis云[层]分析图brightnesstemperature亮度温度cloudcoverage云覆盖区cloudstreet云街cloudline云线spiralcloudband螺旋云带monsooncloudcluster季风云团tropicalcloudcluster热带云团squallcloud飑线云shieldcloud盾状云open[cloud]cells开口型细胞状云close[cloud]cells封闭型细胞状云cellularpattern细胞状云cloudsystem云系commacloudsystem逗点云系bandedcloudsystem带状云系vortexcloudsystem涡旋云系jetstreamcloudsystem急流云系satellitederivedwind卫星云迹风satellitecloudpictureanalysis卫星云图分析limbscanningmethod临边扫描法limbretrieval临边反演occultationmethod掩星法backscatterultraviolettechnique紫外辐射后向散射法linearinversion线性反演watervaporretrieval水汽反演humidityretrieval湿度反演limbbrightening临边增亮limbdarkening临边变暗sunglint日照亮斑atmosphericradiation大气辐射solarradiation太阳辐射solarconstant太阳常数monochromaticradiation单色辐射outgoinglong-waveradiation,OLR向外长波辐射visiblelight可见光radiationbalance辐射平衡globalradiation总辐射directradiation直接辐射effectiveradiation有效辐射scatteredradiation散射辐射diffuseradiation漫射辐射skyradiation天空辐射upward[tatal]radiation向上[全]辐射downward[total]radiation向下[全]辐射incomingradiation入射辐射equivalentclearcolumnradiance等效晴空辐射率atmospherictransmissivity大气透射率VanAllenradiationbelt范艾伦辐射带albedooftheearth-atmospheresystem地气系统反照率albedoofunderlyingsurface下垫面反照率earthradiationbelt地球辐射带nocturnalradiation夜间辐射atmosphericcounterradiation大气逆辐射radiance辐射率irradiation辐照irradiance辐照度reflectedradiation反射辐射albedo反照率bandmodel带模式statisticalbandmodel统计带模式regularbandmodel规则带模式randomElsasserbandmodel随机爱尔沙色带模式strong-lineapproximation强线近似weak-lineapproximation弱线近似planetarytemperature行星温度atmosphericattenuation大气衰减atmosphericabsorption大气吸收atmosphericwindow大气窗[atmospheric]absorptivity[大气]吸收率non-scatteringatmosphere无散射大气extinctioncoefficient消光系数atmosphericradioactivity大气放射性atmosphericoptics大气光学atmosphericopticalspectrum大气光谱atmosphericrefraction大气折射atmosphericopticalmass大气光学质量primaryscattering一次散射Miescattering米散射multiplescattering多次散射Rayleighscattering瑞利散射volumescatteringfunction体散射函数forwardscattering前向散射backscattering后向散射scatteringcross-section散射截面backscatteringcross-section后向散射截面one-wayattenuation单程衰减two-wayattenuation双程衰减scatteringcoefficient散射系数attenuationcoefficient衰减系数attenuationcross-section衰减截面absorptioncross-section吸收截面atmosphericpolarization大气偏振night-skylight夜天光skybrightness,skyluminance天空亮度atmosphericopticalthickness,atmosphericop ticaldepth大气光学厚度[atmospheric]transparency[大气]透明度atmosphericopticalphenomena大气光学现象atmosphericturbidity大气浑浊度turbidityfactor浑浊因子mirage蜃景twilight曙暮光auroraaustralis南极光auroraborealis北极光anthelion反日parhelion假日paraselene假月46°halo46度晕22°halo22度晕solarhalo日晕lunarhalo月晕solarcorona日华lunarcorona月华rainbow虹secondaryrainbow霓halo晕corona华twilightcolors霞airglow气辉aurora极光glory宝光[环] atmosphericelectricity大气电学fairweatherelectricfield晴天电场airdischarge空中放电cloud-to-clouddischarge,interclouddischar ge云标放电clouddischarge云放电cloud-to-grounddischarge云地[间]放电ionosphericstorm电离层暴ionosphericsuddendisturbance电离层突扰magneticstorm磁暴atmosphericelectricconductivity大气电导率atmosphericacoustics大气声学acousticsounding声学探测04.大气化学atmosphericchemistry大气化学atmosphericphotochemistry大气光化学atmosphericphotolysis大气光解作用atmosphericozone大气臭氧atmospherictracegas大气痕量气体photochemicalreaction光化反应photochemicalsmog光化烟雾precipitationchemistry降水化学thresholdtemperatureoficenucleation成冰阈温05.动力气象学dynamicmeteorology动力气象学atmosphericthermodynamics大气热力学sensibleheat感热latentheat潜热reversibleadiabaticprocess可逆绝热过程irreversibleadiabaticprocess不可逆绝热过程moistureinversion逆湿thermodynamicequation热力学方程temperatureinversion逆温turbulenceinversion湍流逆温surfaceinversion地面逆温radiationinversion辐射逆温cappinginversion覆盖逆温subsidenceinversion下沉逆温frontalinversion锋面逆温inversionlayer逆温层isentropicchart等熵面图tephigram温熵图T-lnpdiagram温度-对数压力图temperaturegradient温度梯度temperatureadvection温度平流adiabaticascending绝热上升adiabaticsinking绝热下沉adiabaticcooling绝热冷却adiabaticheating绝热增温pseudo-adiabaticprocess假绝热过程diabaticprocess非绝热过程convectivecondensationlevel,CCL对流凝结高度mixingcondensationlevel混合凝结高度temperaturelapserate气温直减率dryadiabaticlapserate干绝热直减率moistadiabaticlapserate湿绝热直减率condensationlevel,CL凝结高度condensationefficiency凝结效率thermalstratification热力层结equivalenttemperature相当温度virtualtemperature虚温dryadiabaticprocess干绝热过程moistadiabaticprocess湿绝热过程adiabaticdiagram绝热图pseudo-adiabaticdiagram假绝热图pseudo-adiabaticlapserate假绝热直减率potentialtemperature位温pseudo-equivalentpotentialtemperature假相当位温wet-bulbpotentialtemperature湿球位温wet-bulbpseudopotentialtemperature假湿球位温wet-bulbpseudo-temperature假湿球温度atmosphericdynamics大气动力学equationofmotion运动方程continuityequation连续方程equationofstate状态方程vorticityequation涡度方程divergenceequation散度方程hydrostaticequation流体静力方程ω-equationω方程perturbationequation扰动方程thermalwindequation热成风方程moisture[conservation]equation水汽守恒方程advectiveequation平流方程balanceequation平衡方程baroclinicprocess斜压过程Reynoldsstress雷诺应力meteorologicalwindtunnel气象风洞equivalentbarotropicatmosphere相当正压大气hydrostaticadjustmentprocess静力适应过程geostrophicadjustment地转适应availablepotentialenergy有效位能enstrophy涡动拟能geopotentialmeter位势米geopotentialheight位势高度inertialinstability惯性不稳定freeconvectionlevel自由对流高度[atmospheric]stability[大气]稳定度[atmospheric]instability[大气]不稳定度staticstability静力稳定度indexofstability稳定度指数absolutestability绝对稳定absoluteinstability绝对不稳定neutralstability中性稳定conditionalinstability条件[性]不稳定inertialstability惯性稳定度convectiveinstability对流不稳定convectivestability对流[性]稳定度atmosphericdisturbance大气扰动nonlinearinstability非线性不稳定[性] conditionalinstabilityofthesecondkind,CIS K第二类条件[性]不稳定shearinginstability切变不稳定barotropicinstability正压不稳定baroclinicinstability斜压不稳定latentinstability潜在不稳定conservationofpotentialvorticity位涡守恒tendencyequation倾向方程z-coordinatez坐标p-coordinatep坐标σ-coordinateσ坐标θ-coordinate位温坐标hybridcoordinate混合坐标convergence辐合divergence辐散divergence散度horizontaldivergence水平散度steeringflow引导气流vorticity涡度relativevorticity相对涡度absolutevorticity绝对涡度planetaryvorticity行星涡度β-planeβ平面conservationofabsolutevorticity绝对涡度守恒geostrophicvorticity地转涡度cyclonicvorticity气旋性涡度anticyclonicvorticity反气旋涡度shearingvorticity切变涡度curvaturevorticity曲率涡度potentialvorticity位势涡度eddyconductivity涡动传导率eddyviscosity涡动粘滞率frictionvelocity摩擦速度eddyshearingstress涡动切应力atmosphericwave大气波动adjustmentoflongwave长波调整inertiawave惯性波baroclinicwave斜压波barotropicwave正压波gravitywave重力波inertia-gravitywave惯性重力波internalgravitywave重力内波externalgravitywave重力外波gravitywavedrag重力波拖曳dragcoefficient拖曳系数orographicdrag地形拖曳orographicwave地形波leewave背风波Helmholtzwave赫姆霍兹波Kelvinwave开尔文波Lambwave兰姆波Rossbywave罗斯贝波stationarywave定常波transientwave瞬变波solitarywave孤立波progressivewave前进波retrogradewave后退波shearingwave切变波mixedRossby-gravitywave混合罗斯贝重力波ultra-longwave超长波atmosphericnoise大气噪声Prandtlnumber普朗特数Rayleighnumber瑞利数Reynoldsnumber雷诺数Richardsonnumber里查森数Froudenumber弗劳德数Rossbynumber罗斯贝数rotatingdishpanexperiment转盘实验Hadleyregime哈得来域Rossbyregime罗斯贝域mixinglayer混合层non-divergencelevel无辐散层cyclostrophicwind旋衡风gradientwind梯度风countergradientwind反梯度风subgradientwind次梯度风supergradientwind超梯度风thermalwind热成风veeringwind顺转风backingwind逆转风windshear风切变geostrophicwind地转风antitripticwind摩擦风subgeostrophicwind次地转风supergeostrophicwind超地转风ageostrophicwind非地转风isallobaricwind变压风jetstream急流northernbranchjetstream北支急流southernbranchjetstream南支急流basicflow基本气流subtropicaljetstream副热带急流axisofjetstream急流轴streamline流线westerlyjet西风急流convectivecloud对流云deepconvection深对流shallowconvection浅对流lineconvection线对流Ekmanflow埃克曼流thermalconvection热对流moistconvection湿对流cumulusconvection积云对流mesoscaleconvectivesystem,MCS中尺度对流系统warmadvection暖平流coldadvection冷平流upwardflow上升气流downwardflow下沉气流convectiveadjustment对流调整convectiveparameterization对流参数化mesoscaleconvectivecomplex,MCC中尺度对流复合体geostrophicmotion地转运动quasi-geostrophicmotion准地转运动semi-geostrophicmotion半地转运动ageostrophicmotion非地转运动irrotationalmotion无旋运动nondivergentmotion无辐散运动baroclinicatmosphere斜压大气barotropicatmosphere正压大气baroclinicmode斜压模态barotropicmode正压模态normalmode正规模态Ekmanlayer埃克曼层Ekmanspiral埃克曼螺线atmosphericcirculation大气环流meridionalcirculation经向环流zonalcirculation纬向环流Hadleycell哈得来环流Walkercell沃克环流directcirculation直接环流indirectcirculation间接环流[圈]trade-windcirculation信风环流circulationcell环流圈localcirculation局地环流three-cell[meridional]circulation三圈经向环流circulationindex环流指数highindex高指数lowindex低指数indexcycle指数循环circulationtheorem环流定理Kelvin'stheoremofcirculation开尔文环流定理Bjerknescirculationtheorem皮叶克尼斯环流定理cross-equatorialflow越赤道气流adjustmentofcirculation环流调整mesosphericcirculation中间层环流large-scalecirculation大尺度环流atmosphericcenterofaction大气活动中心stratosphericsuddenwarming平流层爆发[性]增温atmosphericturbulence大气湍流eddy涡旋flux通量turbulentflux湍流通量isotropicturbulence各向同性湍流mixinglength混合长Ktheoryofturbulence湍流[WTHZ]K[WT][HT5H]理论Prandtlmixing-lengththeory普朗特混合长理论turbulentboundarylayer湍流边界层laminarboundarylayer层流边界层turbulencespectrum湍流谱turbulenceenergy湍流能量turbulentexchange湍流交换turbulentdiffusion湍流扩散Eliassen-PalmfluxEP通量lateralmixing侧向混合chaos混沌numericalweatherprediction,NWP数值天气预报modeloutputstatisticprediction,MOSpredict ion模式输出统计预报equivalentbarotropicmodel相当正压模式quasi-geostrophicmodel准地转模式filteredmodel过滤模式adiabaticmodel绝热模式primitiveequationmodel原始方程模式mesoscalemodel中尺度模式scaling尺度分析synopticscale天气尺度planetaryscale行星尺度mesoscale中尺度meso-αscaleα中尺度meso-βscaleβ中尺度meso-γscaleγ中尺度spectralmodel谱模式movablefine-meshmodel可移动细网格模式semi-implicitscheme半隐式格式conservationscheme守恒格式finitedifferencemodel差分模式upstreamscheme迎风差格式computationalinstability线性计算不稳定perturbationmethod小扰动法energycascade能量串级objectiveanalysis客观分析physicalmode物理模[态] computationalmode计算模[态] modelresolution模式分辨率skillscore技巧分subgridscaleparameterization次网格尺度参数化normalmodeinitialization正规模[态]初值化dynamicinitialization动力初值化staticinitialization静力初值化four-dimensionaldataassimilation四维资料同化rigidboundarycondition刚体边界条件spongyboundarycondition海绵边界条件firstguess初估值timesmoothing时间平滑spacesmoothing空间平滑automaticdataprocessing自动资料处理structurefunction结构函数split-explicitscheme分离显式格式bogusdata人造[站]资料hydrostaticcheck静力检查differencescheme差分格式staggeredgrid交错网格staggerscheme交错格式nestedgrid套网格pseudospectralmethod假谱方法successivecorrectionanalysis逐步订正法optimuminterpolationmethod最优插值法statisticalinterpolationmethod统计插值法man-machineweatherforecast人机结合天气预报limitedareamodel,LAM有限区模式limitedareafine-meshmodel,LFM有限区细网格模式statistical-dynamicprediction统计动力预报diagnosticanalysis诊断分析numericalsimulation数值模拟numericalexperiment数值实验generalcirculationmodel,GCM大气环流模式barotropicmodel正压模式baroclinicmodel斜压模式primitiveequation原始方程governingequation控制方程06.天气学synopticmeteorology天气学weather天气synopticchart天气图meteorologicalcode气象电码weathersymbol天气符号barb风速羽windshaft风矢杆windarrow风矢presentweather现在天气pastweather过去天气upperairchart高空[天气]图surfacechart地面[天气]图verticalcrosssection垂直剖面图facsimileweatherchart传真天气图isobaricsurface等压面standardisobaricsurface,mandatorylevel标准等压面contourchart等压面图rainfallchart雨量图streamlinechart流线图timecross-section时间剖面图scatterdiagram点聚图isoline等值线isotherm等温线isodrosotherm等露点线isallotherm等变温线isobar等压线topographicisobar地形等压线isallobar等变压线hodograph高空风分析图contourline等高线isallohypse等变高线isoplethofthickness等厚度线isotach等风速线isogon等风向线isanomaly等距平线isohume等湿度线moistureprofile湿度廓线isohyet等雨量线shearline切变线squallline飑线convergenceline辐合线pressuretendency气压倾向anallobar正变压线katallobar负变压线pressurevariation气压变量pressurefield气压场windfield风场allobaricfield变压场anallobariccenter正变压中心katallobariccenter负变压中心humidityfield湿度场wettongue湿舌drytongue干舌dryline干线temperaturefield温度场coldtongue冷舌warmtongue暖舌pressuresystem气压系统low[pressure],depression低[气]压deepeningofadepression低压加深fillingofadepression低压填塞coldlow冷低压warmlow暖低压mesoscalelow中尺度低压thermallow热低压cut-offlow切断低压orographicdepression地形低压trough低压槽troughline槽线invertedtrough倒槽coldtrough冷槽forward-tiltingtrough前倾槽backward-tiltingtrough后倾槽topographictrough地形槽anchoredtrough锚槽monsoontrough季风槽westerlytrough西风槽long-wavetrough长波槽EastAsiamajortrough东亚大槽cyclone气旋cycloniccirculation气旋性环流cycloniccurvature气旋性曲率cyclonicshear气旋性切变extratropicalcyclone温带气旋secondarycyclone次生气旋cyclonicwave气旋波cyclonefamily气旋族occludedcyclone锢囚气旋cyclogenesis气旋生成cyclolysis气旋消散vortex低涡coldvortex冷涡warmvortex暖涡permanentdepression永久性低压semi-permanentdepression半永久性低压Aleutianlow阿留申低压Icelandiclow冰岛低压Changjiang-Huaihecyclone江淮气旋Changjiang-Huaiheshearline江淮切变线SouthChinaSeadepression南海低压Mongolianlow蒙古低压NortheastChinalow东北低压mid-troposphericcyclone对流层中层气旋SouthwestChinavortex西南[低]涡highpressure高[气]压coldhigh冷高压warmhigh暖高压ridge高压脊ridgeline脊线warmridge暖脊colpressurefield鞍形气压场highpressurebarrier高压坝deformationfield变形场anticyclone反气旋anticycloniccirculation反气旋环流anticycloniccurvature反气旋曲率anticyclonicshear反气旋切变anticyclogenesis反气旋生成anticyclolysis反气旋消散permanenthigh永久性高压semi-permanenthigh半永久性高压subtropicalhigh副热带高压Siberianhigh西伯利亚高压SouthAsiahigh南亚高压blockinghigh阻塞高压blockingsituation阻塞形势Uralblockinghigh乌拉尔山阻塞高压Okhotskhigh鄂霍次克海高压thunderstormhigh雷暴高压Pacifichigh太平洋高压Azoreshigh亚速尔高压dipoleanticyclone偶极反气旋airmass气团air-massanalysis气团分析air-masssource气团源地air-massclassification气团分类air-massproperty气团属性air-masstransformation气团变性conservativepropertyofairmass气团保守性transformedairmass变性气团warmairmass暖气团coldairmass冷气团arcticairmass北极气团polarairmass极地气团tropicalairmass热带气团equatorialairmass赤道气团continentalairmass大陆气团maritimeairmass海洋气团tropicalmarineairmass热带海洋气团frontalsurface锋面frontalzone锋区front锋frontalslope锋面坡度warmfront暖锋coldfront冷锋occludedfront锢囚锋pointofocclusion锢囚点coldoccludedfront冷性锢囚锋warmoccludedfront暖性锢囚锋neutraloccludedfront中性锢囚锋rapidlymovingcoldfront快行冷锋slowlymovingcoldfront慢行冷锋anabaticfront上滑锋katabaticcoldfront下滑锋principalfront主锋secondaryfront副锋。

气象专业英语词汇【范本模板】

主题词表English Chinese01。

大气atmospheric science 大气科学meteorology 气象学theoretical meteorology 理论气象学mesometeorology 中尺度气象学micrometeorology 微气象学physical meteorology 物理气象学atmosphere 大气evolution of atmosphere 大气演化atmospheric impurity 大气杂质atmospheric suspended matter 大气悬浮物atmospheric diffusion 大气扩散atmospheric composition 大气成分atmospheric ion 大气离子atmospheric mass 大气质量air quality 大气品位atmospheric density 大气密度atmospheric subdivision 大气分层homosphere 均质层heterosphere 非均质层homopause 均质层顶significant level 特性层standard [pressure］level 标准层isothermal layer 等温层lower atmosphere 低层大气middle atmosphere 中层大气upper atmosphere 高层大气troposphere 对流层tropopause 对流层顶stratosphere 平流层stratopause 平流层顶mesosphere 中间层mesopause 中间层顶thermosphere 热层exosphere 外［逸］层ionosphere 电离层magnetosphere 磁层magnetopause 磁层顶chemosphere 光化层chemopause 光化层顶ozonosphere 臭氧层free atmosphere 自由大气planetary atmosphere 行星大气standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere) 标准大气（参考大气）homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气isothermal atmosphere 等温大气polytropic atmosphere 多元大气scale height 大气标高meteorological element 气象要素air temperature 气温wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度dry—bulb temperature 干球温度temperature profile 温度廓线atmospheric pressure 气压standard atmosphere pressure 标准大气压station pressure 本站气压sea-level pressure 海平面气压pressure gradient 气压梯度barometric height formula 压高公式pressure gradient force 气压梯度力Coriolis force 科里奥利力water vapor 水[蒸］汽transfer of water vapor 水汽输送water vapor profile 水汽廓线water vapor pressure 水汽压humidity 湿度relative humidity 相对湿度absolute humidity 绝对湿度specific humidity 比湿mixing ratio 混合比dew point [temperature] 露点（温度）depression of the dew point （温度）露点差super—saturated air 过饱和空气saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿saturation vapor pressure 饱和水汽压psychrometric formula 测湿公式saturation deficit 饱和差international cloud atlas 国际云图cloud 云low cloud 低云middle cloud 中云high cloud 高云cloud base 云底cloud top 云顶cloud ceiling 云幂cloud amount 云量total cloud cover 总云量cloud with vertical development 直展云cloud height 云高cloud genera 云属cloud etage 云族cloud species 云种cloud variety 云类cloud form 云状cirrus, Ci 卷云cirrus fibratus, Ci fib 毛卷云cirrus spissatus, Ci spi 密卷云cirrus uncinus, Ci unc 钩卷云cirrostratus，Cs 卷层云cirrostratus fibratus，Cs fib 毛卷层云cirrostratus nebulosus, Cs neb 薄幕卷层云cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云altocumulus, Ac 高积云altocumulus translucidus, Ac tr 透光高积云altocumulus opacus, Ac op 蔽光高积云altocumulus lenticularis, Ac len 荚状高积云altocumulus cumulogenitus, Ac cug 积云性高积云altocumulus floccus 絮状高积云altocumulus castellanus，Ac cas 堡状高积云altostratus，As 高层云altostratus translucidus, As tr 透光高层云altostratus opacus，As op 蔽光高层云cumulus，Cu 积云cumulus humilis，Cu hum 淡积云cumulus mediocris, Cu med 中展积云cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云cumulus congestus，Cu con 浓积云cumulonimbus, Cb 积雨云cumulonimbus calvus，Cb cal 秃积雨云cumulonimbus capillatus，Cb cap 鬃积雨云stratocumulus, Sc 层积云stratocumulus translucidus, Sc tr 透光层积云stratocumulus opacus, Sc op 蔽光层积云stratocumulus cumulogenitus, Sc cug 积云性层积云stratocumulus castellanus, Sc cas 堡状层积云stratocumulus lenticularis，Sc len 荚状层积云stratus, St 层云stratus fractus, St fra 碎层云nimbostratus, Ns 雨层云stratiform cloud 层状云cumuliform cloud 积状云fracto—nimbus，Fn 碎雨云chaotic sky 混乱天空cold cloud 冷云warm cloud 暖云ice cloud 冰云water cloud 水云hail cloud [冰]雹云wind 风wind direction 风向wind speed, wind velocity 风速maximum wind speed 最大风速extreme wind speed 极大风速wind speed profile 风速廓线horizontal wind vector 水平风矢量wind force 风力wind force scale 风级Beaufort [wind] scale 蒲福风级calm 0级风light air 1级风light breeze 2级风gentle breeze 3级风moderate breeze 4级风fresh breeze 5级风strong breeze 6级风near gale 7级风gale 8级风strong gale 9级风storm 10级风violent storm 11级风hurricane 12级风gust 阵风local wind 地方性风surface wind 地面风foehn 焚风mountain—valley breeze 山谷风sea-land breeze 海陆风on—shore wind 向岸风off—shore wind 离岸风gorge wind 峡谷风slope wind 坡风glacier breeze 冰川风drainage wind 流泄风visibility 能见度effective visibility 有效能见度visual range of light 灯光能见距离surface visibility 地面能见度horizontal visibility 水平能见度vertical visibility 垂直能见度slant visibility 倾斜能见度meteor 大气现象weather phenomenon 天气现象clear sky 晴天partly cloudy 少云cloudy 多云overcast 阴天blue of the sky 天空蓝度apparent form of the sky 天穹形状state of ground 地面状态sky condition 天空状况precipitation 降水amount of precipitation 降水量precipitation intensity 降水强度showery precipitation 阵性降水convective precipitation 对流性降水non—convective precipitation 非对流性降水orographic precipitation 地形降水rain 雨rain virga 雨幡rain drop 雨滴rain shadow 雨影glaze 雨凇rain day 雨日rainfall [amount] 雨量continuous precipitation 连续性降水intermittent precipitation 间歇性降水showery rain 阵雨freezing rain 冻雨drizzle 毛毛雨light rain 小雨moderate rain 中雨heavy rain 大雨torrential rain 暴雨local precipitation 地方性降水orographic rain 地形雨storm 风暴sandstorm，duststorm 沙[尘]暴hail storm 雹暴haze 霾haze aloft 高空霾dust 浮尘blowing sand 高吹沙drifting sand 低吹沙dew 露frost 霜frost point 霜点first frost 初霜latest frost 终霜tornado 龙卷dust devil 尘卷风squall 飑snow 雪snow virga 雪幡sleet 雨夹雪showery snow 阵雪snow crystal 雪晶snowflake 雪花snow grains 米雪snowstorm 雪暴driven snow 吹雪drifting snow 低吹雪blowing snow 高吹雪snow cover 积雪snowfall [amount］雪量snow depth 雪深snow day 雪日icing 积冰wire icing 电线积冰hail 冰雹hailstone 雹块ice pellet 冰丸thunder 雷thunderstorm 雷暴thunder shower 雷阵雨orographic thunderstorm 地形雷暴thunderstorm cell 雷暴单体atmospherics 天电lightning 闪电lightning channel 闪电通道forked lightning 叉状闪电sheet lightning 片状闪电ball lightning 球状闪电streak lightning 条状闪电pearl—necklace lightning 串珠状闪电fog 雾mist 轻雾wet fog 湿雾sea fog 海雾ice fog 冰雾frontal fog 锋面雾advection fog 平流雾radiation fog 辐射雾advection—radiation fog 平流辐射雾mixing fog 混合雾evaporation fog 蒸发雾supercooled fog 过冷却雾ground fog 地面雾upslope fog 上坡雾air-mass fog 气团雾tropical air fog 热带气团雾rime 雾凇graupel 霰percentage of sunshine 日照百分率sunshine duration 日照时数duration of possible sunshine 可照时数02. 大气探测atmospheric sounding and observing 大气探测meteorological observation 气象观测synoptic observation 天气观测synoptic hour 天气观测时间principal synoptic observation 基本天气观测intermediate synoptic observation 辅助天气观测surface observation 地面观测visual observation 目测background pollution observation 本底污染观测field observation 外场观测conventional observation 常规观测non-conventional observation 非常规观测ship observation 船舶观测fixed point observation 定点观测space-based observation 空基观测ground—based observation 地基观测mountain observation 山地观测sounding 探空upper air observation 高空观测auxiliary ship observation, ASO 辅助船舶观测aircraft sounding 飞机探测rocket sounding 火箭探测radio sounding 无线电探空captive balloon sounding 系留气球探测pilot balloon observation 测风气球观测radiowind observation 无线电测风观测standard time of observation 标准观测时间actual time of observation 实际观测时间observational frequency 观测次数observational error 观测误差supplementary observation 补充观测autographic records 自记记录surface data 地面资料upper air data 高空资料barometer level 气压表高度pressure reduction 气压换算barometric correction 气压订正international synoptic code 国际[天气］电码network of meteorological station 气象台站网observation site 观测场meteorological platform 气象观测平台ocean weather station 海洋气象站fixed ship station 固定船舶站mobile ship station 移动船舶站mountain observation station 高山[观］测站automatic meteorological station 自动气象站meteorological instrument 气象仪器screen，instrument shelter 百叶箱thermometer 温度表telethermometer 遥测温度表thermograph 温度计geothermometer 地温表surface geothermometer 地面温度表angle geothermometer 曲管地温表tube-typed geothermometer 直管地温表grass thermometer 草温表maximum thermometer 最高温度表minimum thermometer 最低温度表mercury thermometer 水银温度表Lyman-α hygrometer 莱曼—α湿度表bimetallic thermograph 双金属片温度计barograph 气压计aneroid barograph 空盒气压计mountain barograph 高山气压计barometer 气压表aneroid barometer 空盒气压表ship—barometer 船用气压表mountain barometer 高山气压表pressure altimeter 气压测高表normal barometer 标准气压表national standard barometer 国家标准气压表regional standard barometer 区域标准气压表absolute standard barometer 绝对标准气压表microbarograph 微压计mercury barometer 水银气压表Fortin barometer 福丁气压表Kew pattern barometer 寇乌气压表hygrograph 湿度计hygrometer 湿度表psychrometer 干湿表aspirated psychrometer 通风干湿表standard aspirated psychrometer 标准通风干湿表whirling psychrometer, sling psychrometer 手摇干湿表Assmann psychrometer 阿斯曼干湿表dew-point hygrometer 露点湿度表hair hygrometer 毛发湿度表hair hygrograph 毛发湿度计black and white bulb thermometer 黑白球温度表barothermograph 气压温度计dry-bulb thermometer 干球温度表wet-bulb thermometer 湿球温度表sunshine recorder 日照计Jordan sunshine recorder 乔唐日照计Campbell—Stokes sunshine recorder 康培尔-司托克日照计pyrheliometer 直接辐射表pyranometer 总辐射表sky radiometer diffusometer 天空辐射表albedometer 反照率表pyranometer 净辐射表pilot-balloon plotting board 测风绘图板hail-rain separator 雹雨分离器evaporograph 蒸发计evaporation pan 小型蒸发器evaporation tank 大型蒸发器standard pan 标准蒸发器ceiling projector 云幂灯visibility meter，visiometer 能见度表raingauge 雨量器pluviograph，recording raingauge 雨量计accumulative raingauge 累计雨量器tilting bucket raingauge 翻斗[式]雨量计electric conductivity raingauge 水导［式]雨量计siphon rainfall recorder 虹吸［式]雨量计rainfall intensity recorder 雨强计telemetering pluviograph 遥测雨量计wind vane 风向标anemometer 风速表contact anemometer 电接风速表cup anemometer 转杯风速表propeller anemometer 螺旋桨［式］风速表anemorumbometer 风向风速表hot-wire anemometer 热线风速表strong wind anemograph 强风仪navaid wind—finding 导航测风laser ceilometer 激光云幂仪anemograph 风速计radio theodolite 无线电经纬仪aerological theodolite 测风经纬仪radiosonde 无线电探空仪dropsonde 下投式探空仪constant level balloon 定高气球ultrasonic anemometer 超声测风仪ceiling balloon 云幂气球meteorological aircraft 气象飞机snow scale,snow depth scale 量雪尺weighting snow-gauge 称雪器drosometer，dewgauge 测露表frozen soil apparatus 冻土器sonde 探空仪profiler 廓线仪meteorological rocket 气象火箭sounding rocket 探空火箭weather radar 天气雷达meteorological radar 气象雷达lidar 激光雷达sodar，acoustic radar 声[雷］达Doppler radar 多普勒天气雷达incoherent radar 非相干雷达radar network composite 雷达组网radar sounding 雷达探空windfinding radar 测风雷达Doppler sodar 多普勒声达Doppler lidar 多普勒激光雷达MST radar MST雷达UHF Doppler radar 超高频雷达VHF radar 甚高频雷达coherent memory filter,CMF 相干存储滤波器radar rainfall integrator 雷达雨量积分器range velocity display, RVD 距离速度显示velocity azimuth display，V AD 速度方位显示constant altitude plan position indicator，CAPPI 等高平面位置显示器plan postion indicator，PPI 平面位置显示器plan shear indicator，PSI 平面切变显示器velocity azimuth range display，V ARD 速度方位距离显示radarsonde 雷达测风仪atmospheric remote sensing 大气遥感inverse technique 反演法temperature retrieval 温度反演inversion of satellite sounding 卫星探测反演meteorological satellite 气象卫星NIMBUS 雨云卫星NOAA 诺阿卫星polar-orbiting meteorological satellite 极轨气象卫星TIROS 泰罗斯卫星TIROS—N 泰罗斯—N卫星ESSA 艾萨卫星ITOS 艾托斯卫星geostationary meteorological satellite，GMS 地球静止气象卫星meteorological satellite ground station 气象卫星地面站microwave radiometer 微波辐射仪high resolution interferometric sounder 高分辨［率]干涉探测器high resolution infrared radiation sounder, HRIRS 高分辨[率]红外辐射探测器scanning radiometer，SR 扫描辐射仪very high resolution radiometer, VHRR 甚高分辨率辐射仪vertical temperature profile radiometer 温度垂直廓线辐射仪data collection platform, DCP 资料收集平台automatic picture transmission，APT 自动图象传输high resolution picture transmission，HRPT 高分辨［率］图象传输high resolution facsimile, HR—FAX 高分辨率［云图]传真low resolution facsimile, LR-FAX 低分辨率[云图］传真delay picture transmission，DPT 延时图象传输direct read—out ground station 直读式地面站weather facsimile, WEFAX 天气图传真synoptic data 天气资料non—synoptic data 非天气资料real time data 实时资料non-real time data 非实时资料stretched data 时展资料sub-satellite point ［卫星]星下点temporal resolution 时间分辨率spatial resolution 空间分辨率full resolution 全分辨率radiation transfer equation 辐射传输方程atmospheric transmission model 大气传输模式03. 大气物理学atmospheric physics 大气物理［学]cloud physics 云物理学precipitation physics 降水物理学cloud dynamics 云动力学middle atmospheric physics 中层大气物理学aeronomy 高空大气学aerology 高空气象学radio meteorology 无线电气象学boundary layer meteorology 边界层气象学boundary layer climate 边界层气候atmospheric boundary layer 大气边界层air—sea interface 海气界面air—sea exchange 海气交换tracer diffusion experiment 示踪扩散实验surface layer 近地层surface roughness 地面粗糙度atmospheric duct 大气波导advection 平流convection 对流free convection 自由对流forced convection 强迫对流convection cell 对流单体Benard cell 贝纳胞Benard convection 贝纳对流convection model 对流模式updraught 上曳气流downdraught 下曳气流transitional flow 过渡气流dry deposition 干沉降wet deposition 湿沉降aerosol 气溶胶aerosol particle size distribution 气溶胶粒子谱aqueous aerosol 湿气溶胶stratospheric aerosol 平流层气溶胶hail generation zone 冰雹生成区conical hail 锥形冰雹hail embryo 雹核hail lobe 雹瓣hail pellet 雹粒cumulonimbus model 积雨云模式condensation process 凝结过程cloud condensation nuclei, CCN 云凝结核artificial nucleation 人工成核作用cloud top temperature 云顶温度ice—water mixed cloud 冰水混合云cloud structure 云结构cloud particle sampler 云滴采样器cloud droplet-size distribution 云滴谱cloud droplet collector 云滴谱仪raindrop size distribution 雨滴谱drop-size distribution parameter 滴谱参数disdrometer，raindrop disdrometer 雨滴谱仪fog-drop 雾滴cloud droplet 云滴supercooled cloud droplet 过冷云滴drop spectrum 滴谱collision 碰撞coagulation 碰并ice crystal 冰晶ice needle 冰针ice nucleus 冰核ice point 冰点condensation 凝结evaporation 蒸发potential evaporation 潜在蒸发solidification 凝固deposition 凝华sublimation 升华freezing 冻结freezing nucleus 冻结核condensation nucleus 凝结核salt nucleus 盐核cloud chamber 云室combustion nucleus 燃烧核deposition nucleus 凝华核weather modification 人工影响天气target area 目标区cloud dissipation 消云salt-seeding 盐粉播撒frost prevention 防霜cloud seeding 播云cloud seeding agent 播云剂artificial precipitation 人工降水hail suppression 防雹fog dissipation 消雾dynamic cloud seeding 动力播云radar meteorology 雷达气象学meteorological radar equation 气象雷达方程radar meteorological observation 雷达气象观测radar reflectivity factor 雷达反射率因子radar equivalent reflectivity factor 雷达等效反射率因子weather echo 天气回波cloud echo 云回波echo wall 回波墙superrefraction echo 超折射回波second trip echo 二次回波incoherent echo 非相干回波coherent echo 相干回波ground echo 地物回波clear air echo 晴空回波convective echo 对流回波whirling echo 涡旋状回波spiral rain—band echo 螺旋雨带回波layered echo 层状回波banded echo 带状回波hook echo 钩状回波weak echo vault 弱回波穹窿precipitation echo 降水回波angel echo 异常回波elevated echo 雨幡回波cell echo 单体回波supercell 超级单体multiple—cell echo 多单体回波echo complex 回波复合体cloud top height, CTH 云顶高度echo depth 回波厚度echo character 回波特征echo analysis 回波分析echo distortion 回波畸变radar reflectivity 雷达反射率superrefraction 超折射negative refraction 负折射tropospheric refraction 对流层折射beam filling coefficient 波束充塞系数range bin 距离库range averaging 距离平均azimuth averaging 方位平均range resolution 距离分辨率azimuth resolution 方位角分辨率number of range samples 距离采样数coherent-video signal 相干视频信号quantized signal 量化信号depolarization ratio 退偏振比rotation band 转动谱带Doppler velocity 多普勒速度range ambiguity 距离模糊maximum unambiguous range 最大不模糊距离velocity ambiguity 速度模糊realtime display 实时显示pattern recognition technique 图形识别技术tracking radar echoes by correlation，TREC 雷达回波相关跟踪法thunderstorm monitoring 雷暴监测gray scale 灰［色标］度cloud attenuation 云衰减precipitation attenuation 降水衰减range attenuation 距离衰减echo synthetic chart 回波综合图iso-echo contour 等回波线normalized echo intensity 归一化回波强度isolated cell 孤立单体weak cell 弱单体satellite meteorology 卫星气象学satellite sounding 卫星探测cloud cluster 云团satellite cloud picture 卫星云图sectorized cloud picture 分区云图picture mosaic 拼图image processing 图象处理distortion correction 畸变校正infrared cloud picture 红外云图visible cloud picture 可见光云图nulti-spectral image，MSI 多波段图象microwave image 微波图象image resolution 图象分辨率digitized cloud map 数字化云图enhanced cloud picture 增强云图false-color cloud picture 假彩色云图pseudo-color cloud picture 伪彩色云图full-disc cloud picture 全景圆盘云图nephanalysis 云[层］分析图brightness temperature 亮度温度cloud coverage 云覆盖区cloud street 云街cloud line 云线spiral cloud band 螺旋云带monsoon cloud cluster 季风云团tropical cloud cluster 热带云团squall cloud 飑线云shield cloud 盾状云open [cloud］cells 开口型细胞状云close ［cloud］cells 封闭型细胞状云cellular pattern 细胞状云cloud system 云系comma cloud system 逗点云系banded cloud system 带状云系vortex cloud system 涡旋云系jet stream cloud system 急流云系satellite derived wind 卫星云迹风satellite cloud picture analysis 卫星云图分析limb scanning method 临边扫描法limb retrieval 临边反演occultation method 掩星法backscatter ultraviolet technique 紫外辐射后向散射法linear inversion 线性反演water vapor retrieval 水汽反演humidity retrieval 湿度反演limb brightening 临边增亮limb darkening 临边变暗sun glint 日照亮斑atmospheric radiation 大气辐射solar radiation 太阳辐射solar constant 太阳常数monochromatic radiation 单色辐射outgoing long—wave radiation，OLR 向外长波辐射visible light 可见光radiation balance 辐射平衡global radiation 总辐射direct radiation 直接辐射effective radiation 有效辐射scattered radiation 散射辐射diffuse radiation 漫射辐射sky radiation 天空辐射upward [tatal] radiation 向上［全］辐射downward ［total］radiation 向下［全］辐射incoming radiation 入射辐射equivalent clear column radiance 等效晴空辐射率atmospheric transmissivity 大气透射率Van Allen radiation belt 范艾伦辐射带albedo of the earth-atmosphere system 地气系统反照率albedo of underlying surface 下垫面反照率earth radiation belt 地球辐射带nocturnal radiation 夜间辐射atmospheric counter radiation 大气逆辐射radiance 辐射率irradiation 辐照irradiance 辐照度reflected radiation 反射辐射albedo 反照率band model 带模式statistical band model 统计带模式regular band model 规则带模式random Elsasser band model 随机爱尔沙色带模式strong-line approximation 强线近似weak—line approximation 弱线近似planetary temperature 行星温度atmospheric attenuation 大气衰减atmospheric absorption 大气吸收atmospheric window 大气窗[atmospheric］absorptivity [大气］吸收率non—scattering atmosphere 无散射大气extinction coefficient 消光系数atmospheric radioactivity 大气放射性atmospheric optics 大气光学atmospheric optical spectrum 大气光谱atmospheric refraction 大气折射atmospheric optical mass 大气光学质量primary scattering 一次散射Mie scattering 米散射multiple scattering 多次散射Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射volume scattering function 体散射函数forward scattering 前向散射backscattering 后向散射scattering cross—section 散射截面backscattering cross—section 后向散射截面one—way attenuation 单程衰减two—way attenuation 双程衰减scattering coefficient 散射系数attenuation coefficient 衰减系数attenuation cross-section 衰减截面absorption cross—section 吸收截面atmospheric polarization 大气偏振night-sky light 夜天光sky brightness，sky luminance 天空亮度atmospheric optical thickness, atmospheric optical depth 大气光学厚度［atmospheric] transparency ［大气]透明度atmospheric optical phenomena 大气光学现象atmospheric turbidity 大气浑浊度turbidity factor 浑浊因子mirage 蜃景twilight 曙暮光aurora australis 南极光aurora borealis 北极光anthelion 反日parhelion 假日paraselene 假月46° halo 46度晕22° halo 22度晕solar halo 日晕lunar halo 月晕solar corona 日华lunar corona 月华rainbow 虹secondary rainbow 霓halo 晕corona 华twilight colors 霞airglow 气辉aurora 极光glory 宝光[环］atmospheric electricity 大气电学fair weather electric field 晴天电场air discharge 空中放电cloud-to—cloud discharge，intercloud discharge 云标放电cloud discharge 云放电cloud—to-ground discharge 云地[间]放电ionospheric storm 电离层暴ionospheric sudden disturbance 电离层突扰magnetic storm 磁暴atmospheric electric conductivity 大气电导率atmospheric acoustics 大气声学acoustic sounding 声学探测04。

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专业英语词汇(气象工程)主题词表English Chinese01. 大气atmospheric science 大气科学meteorology 气象学theoretical meteorology 理论气象学mesometeorology 中尺度气象学micrometeorology 微气象学physical meteorology 物理气象学atmosphere 大气evolution of atmosphere 大气演化atmospheric impurity 大气杂质atmospheric suspended matter 大气悬浮物atmospheric diffusion 大气扩散atmospheric composition 大气成分atmospheric ion 大气离子atmospheric mass 大气质量air quality 大气品位atmospheric density 大气密度atmospheric subdivision 大气分层homosphere 均质层heterosphere 非均质层homopause 均质层顶significant level 特性层standard [pressure] level 标准层isothermal layer 等温层lower atmosphere 低层大气middle atmosphere 中层大气upper atmosphere 高层大气troposphere 对流层tropopause 对流层顶stratosphere 平流层stratopause 平流层顶mesosphere 中间层mesopause 中间层顶thermosphere 热层exosphere 外[逸]层ionosphere 电离层magnetosphere 磁层magnetopause 磁层顶chemosphere 光化层chemopause 光化层顶ozonosphere 臭氧层free atmosphere 自由大气planetary atmosphere 行星大气仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢20standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere) 标准大气（参考大气）homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气isothermal atmosphere 等温大气polytropic atmosphere 多元大气scale height 大气标高meteorological element 气象要素air temperature 气温wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度dry-bulb temperature 干球温度temperature profile 温度廓线atmospheric pressure 气压standard atmosphere pressure 标准大气压station pressure 本站气压sea-level pressure 海平面气压pressure gradient 气压梯度barometric height formula 压高公式pressure gradient force 气压梯度力Coriolis force 科里奥利力water vapor 水[蒸]汽transfer of water vapor 水汽输送water vapor profile 水汽廓线water vapor pressure 水汽压humidity 湿度relative humidity 相对湿度absolute humidity 绝对湿度specific humidity 比湿mixing ratio 混合比dew point [temperature] 露点(温度) depression of the dew point （温度）露点差super-saturated air 过饱和空气saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿saturation vapor pressure 饱和水汽压psychrometric formula 测湿公式saturation deficit 饱和差international cloud atlas 国际云图cloud 云low cloud 低云middle cloud 中云high cloud 高云cloud base 云底cloud top 云顶cloud ceiling 云幂cloud amount 云量total cloud cover 总云量cloud with vertical development 直展云仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢20cloud height 云高cloud genera 云属cloud etage 云族cloud species 云种cloud variety 云类cloud form 云状cirrus, Ci 卷云cirrus fibratus, Ci fib 毛卷云cirrus spissatus, Ci spi 密卷云cirrus uncinus, Ci unc 钩卷云cirrostratus, Cs 卷层云cirrostratus fibratus, Cs fib 毛卷层云cirrostratus nebulosus, Cs neb 薄幕卷层云cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云altocumulus, Ac 高积云altocumulus translucidus, Ac tr 透光高积云altocumulus opacus, Ac op 蔽光高积云altocumulus lenticularis, Ac len 荚状高积云altocumulus cumulogenitus, Ac cug 积云性高积云altocumulus floccus 絮状高积云altocumulus castellanus, Ac cas 堡状高积云altostratus, As 高层云altostratus translucidus, As tr 透光高层云altostratus opacus, As op 蔽光高层云cumulus, Cu 积云cumulus humilis, Cu hum 淡积云cumulus mediocris, Cu med 中展积云cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云cumulus congestus, Cu con 浓积云cumulonimbus, Cb 积雨云cumulonimbus calvus, Cb cal 秃积雨云cumulonimbus capillatus, Cb cap 鬃积雨云stratocumulus, Sc 层积云stratocumulus translucidus, Sc tr 透光层积云stratocumulus opacus, Sc op 蔽光层积云stratocumulus cumulogenitus, Sc cug 积云性层积云stratocumulus castellanus, Sc cas 堡状层积云stratocumulus lenticularis, Sc len 荚状层积云stratus, St 层云stratus fractus, St fra 碎层云nimbostratus, Ns 雨层云stratiform cloud 层状云cumuliform cloud 积状云fracto-nimbus,Fn 碎雨云chaotic sky 混乱天空cold cloud 冷云仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢20warm cloud 暖云ice cloud 冰云water cloud 水云hail cloud [冰]雹云wind 风wind direction 风向wind speed, wind velocity 风速maximum wind speed 最大风速extreme wind speed 极大风速wind speed profile 风速廓线horizontal wind vector 水平风矢量wind force 风力wind force scale 风级Beaufort [wind] scale 蒲福风级calm 0级风light air 1级风light breeze 2级风gentle breeze 3级风moderate breeze 4级风fresh breeze 5级风strong breeze 6级风near gale 7级风gale 8级风strong gale 9级风storm 10级风violent storm 11级风hurricane 12级风gust 阵风local wind 地方性风surface wind 地面风foehn 焚风mountain-valley breeze 山谷风sea-land breeze 海陆风on-shore wind 向岸风off-shore wind 离岸风gorge wind 峡谷风slope wind 坡风glacier breeze 冰川风drainage wind 流泄风visibility 能见度effective visibility 有效能见度visual range of light 灯光能见距离surface visibility 地面能见度horizontal visibility 水平能见度vertical visibility 垂直能见度slant visibility 倾斜能见度仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢20meteor 大气现象weather phenomenon 天气现象clear sky 晴天partly cloudy 少云cloudy 多云overcast 阴天blue of the sky 天空蓝度apparent form of the sky 天穹形状state of ground 地面状态sky condition 天空状况precipitation 降水amount of precipitation 降水量precipitation intensity 降水强度showery precipitation 阵性降水convective precipitation 对流性降水non-convective precipitation 非对流性降水orographic precipitation 地形降水rain 雨rain virga 雨幡rain drop 雨滴rain shadow 雨影glaze 雨凇rain day 雨日rainfall [amount] 雨量continuous precipitation 连续性降水intermittent precipitation 间歇性降水showery rain 阵雨freezing rain 冻雨drizzle 毛毛雨light rain 小雨moderate rain 中雨heavy rain 大雨torrential rain 暴雨local precipitation 地方性降水orographic rain 地形雨storm 风暴sandstorm, duststorm 沙[尘]暴hail storm 雹暴haze 霾haze aloft 高空霾dust 浮尘blowing sand 高吹沙drifting sand 低吹沙dew 露frost 霜frost point 霜点仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢20first frost 初霜latest frost 终霜tornado 龙卷dust devil 尘卷风squall 飑snow 雪snow virga 雪幡sleet 雨夹雪showery snow 阵雪snow crystal 雪晶snowflake 雪花snow grains 米雪snowstorm 雪暴driven snow 吹雪drifting snow 低吹雪blowing snow 高吹雪snow cover 积雪snowfall [amount] 雪量snow depth 雪深snow day 雪日icing 积冰wire icing 电线积冰hail 冰雹hailstone 雹块ice pellet 冰丸thunder 雷thunderstorm 雷暴thunder shower 雷阵雨orographic thunderstorm 地形雷暴thunderstorm cell 雷暴单体atmospherics 天电lightning 闪电lightning channel 闪电通道forked lightning 叉状闪电sheet lightning 片状闪电ball lightning 球状闪电streak lightning 条状闪电pearl-necklace lightning 串珠状闪电fog 雾mist 轻雾wet fog 湿雾sea fog 海雾ice fog 冰雾frontal fog 锋面雾advection fog 平流雾radiation fog 辐射雾仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢20advection-radiation fog 平流辐射雾mixing fog 混合雾evaporation fog 蒸发雾supercooled fog 过冷却雾ground fog 地面雾upslope fog 上坡雾air-mass fog 气团雾tropical air fog 热带气团雾rime 雾凇graupel 霰percentage of sunshine 日照百分率sunshine duration 日照时数duration of possible sunshine 可照时数02. 大气探测atmospheric sounding and observing 大气探测meteorological observation 气象观测synoptic observation 天气观测synoptic hour 天气观测时间principal synoptic observation 基本天气观测intermediate synoptic observation 辅助天气观测surface observation 地面观测visual observation 目测background pollution observation 本底污染观测field observation 外场观测conventional observation 常规观测non-conventional observation 非常规观测ship observation 船舶观测fixed point observation 定点观测space-based observation 空基观测ground-based observation 地基观测mountain observation 山地观测sounding 探空upper air observation 高空观测auxiliary ship observation, ASO 辅助船舶观测aircraft sounding 飞机探测rocket sounding 火箭探测radio sounding 无线电探空captive balloon sounding 系留气球探测pilot balloon observation 测风气球观测radiowind observation 无线电测风观测standard time of observation 标准观测时间actual time of observation 实际观测时间observational frequency 观测次数observational error 观测误差supplementary observation 补充观测autographic records 自记记录仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢20surface data 地面资料upper air data 高空资料barometer level 气压表高度pressure reduction 气压换算barometric correction 气压订正international synoptic code 国际[天气]电码network of meteorological station 气象台站网observation site 观测场meteorological platform 气象观测平台ocean weather station 海洋气象站fixed ship station 固定船舶站mobile ship station 移动船舶站mountain observation station 高山[观]测站automatic meteorological station 自动气象站meteorological instrument 气象仪器screen,instrument shelter 百叶箱thermometer 温度表telethermometer 遥测温度表thermograph 温度计geothermometer 地温表surface geothermometer 地面温度表angle geothermometer 曲管地温表tube-typed geothermometer 直管地温表grass thermometer 草温表maximum thermometer 最高温度表minimum thermometer 最低温度表mercury thermometer 水银温度表Lyman-α hygrometer 莱曼-α湿度表bimetallic thermograph 双金属片温度计barograph 气压计aneroid barograph 空盒气压计mountain barograph 高山气压计barometer 气压表aneroid barometer 空盒气压表ship-barometer 船用气压表mountain barometer 高山气压表pressure altimeter 气压测高表normal barometer 标准气压表national standard barometer 国家标准气压表regional standard barometer 区域标准气压表absolute standard barometer 绝对标准气压表microbarograph 微压计mercury barometer 水银气压表Fortin barometer 福丁气压表Kew pattern barometer 寇乌气压表hygrograph 湿度计仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢20hygrometer 湿度表psychrometer 干湿表aspirated psychrometer 通风干湿表standard aspirated psychrometer 标准通风干湿表whirling psychrometer, sling psychrometer 手摇干湿表Assmann psychrometer 阿斯曼干湿表dew-point hygrometer 露点湿度表hair hygrometer 毛发湿度表hair hygrograph 毛发湿度计black and white bulb thermometer 黑白球温度表barothermograph 气压温度计dry-bulb thermometer 干球温度表wet-bulb thermometer 湿球温度表sunshine recorder 日照计Jordan sunshine recorder 乔唐日照计Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder 康培尔-司托克日照计pyrheliometer 直接辐射表pyranometer 总辐射表sky radiometer diffusometer 天空辐射表albedometer 反照率表pyranometer 净辐射表pilot-balloon plotting board 测风绘图板hail-rain separator 雹雨分离器evaporograph 蒸发计evaporation pan 小型蒸发器evaporation tank 大型蒸发器standard pan 标准蒸发器ceiling projector 云幂灯visibility meter,visiometer 能见度表raingauge 雨量器pluviograph,recording raingauge 雨量计accumulative raingauge 累计雨量器tilting bucket raingauge 翻斗[式]雨量计electric conductivity raingauge 水导[式]雨量计siphon rainfall recorder 虹吸[式]雨量计rainfall intensity recorder 雨强计telemetering pluviograph 遥测雨量计wind vane 风向标anemometer 风速表contact anemometer 电接风速表cup anemometer 转杯风速表propeller anemometer 螺旋桨[式]风速表anemorumbometer 风向风速表hot-wire anemometer 热线风速表仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢20strong wind anemograph 强风仪navaid wind-finding 导航测风laser ceilometer 激光云幂仪anemograph 风速计radio theodolite 无线电经纬仪aerological theodolite 测风经纬仪radiosonde 无线电探空仪dropsonde 下投式探空仪constant level balloon 定高气球ultrasonic anemometer 超声测风仪ceiling balloon 云幂气球meteorological aircraft 气象飞机snow scale,snow depth scale 量雪尺weighting snow-gauge 称雪器drosometer, dewgauge 测露表frozen soil apparatus 冻土器sonde 探空仪profiler 廓线仪meteorological rocket 气象火箭sounding rocket 探空火箭weather radar 天气雷达meteorological radar 气象雷达lidar 激光雷达sodar, acoustic radar 声[雷]达Doppler radar 多普勒天气雷达incoherent radar 非相干雷达radar network composite 雷达组网radar sounding 雷达探空windfinding radar 测风雷达Doppler sodar 多普勒声达Doppler lidar 多普勒激光雷达MST radar MST雷达UHF Doppler radar 超高频雷达VHF radar 甚高频雷达coherent memory filter,CMF 相干存储滤波器radar rainfall integrator 雷达雨量积分器range velocity display, RVD 距离速度显示velocity azimuth display, VAD 速度方位显示constant altitude plan position indicator, CAPPI 等高平面位置显示器plan postion indicator, PPI 平面位置显示器plan shear indicator, PSI 平面切变显示器velocity azimuth range display, VARD 速度方位距离显示radarsonde 雷达测风仪atmospheric remote sensing 大气遥感inverse technique 反演法temperature retrieval 温度反演inversion of satellite sounding 卫星探测反演meteorological satellite 气象卫星NIMBUS 雨云卫星NOAA 诺阿卫星polar-orbiting meteorological satellite 极轨气象卫星TIROS 泰罗斯卫星TIROS-N 泰罗斯-N卫星ESSA 艾萨卫星ITOS 艾托斯卫星geostationary meteorological satellite,GMS 地球静止气象卫星meteorological satellite ground station 气象卫星地面站microwave radiometer 微波辐射仪high resolution interferometric sounder 高分辨[率]干涉探测器high resolution infrared radiation sounder, HRIRS 高分辨[率]红外辐射探测器scanning radiometer, SR 扫描辐射仪very high resolution radiometer, VHRR 甚高分辨率辐射仪vertical temperature profile radiometer 温度垂直廓线辐射仪data collection platform, DCP 资料收集平台automatic picture transmission, APT 自动图象传输high resolution picture transmission, HRPT 高分辨[率]图象传输high resolution facsimile, HR-FAX 高分辨率[云图]传真low resolution facsimile, LR-FAX 低分辨率[云图]传真delay picture transmission, DPT 延时图象传输direct read-out ground station 直读式地面站weather facsimile, WEFAX 天气图传真synoptic data 天气资料non-synoptic data 非天气资料real time data 实时资料non-real time data 非实时资料stretched data 时展资料sub-satellite point [卫星]星下点temporal resolution 时间分辨率spatial resolution 空间分辨率full resolution 全分辨率radiation transfer equation 辐射传输方程atmospheric transmission model 大气传输模式03. 大气物理学atmospheric physics 大气物理[学]cloud physics 云物理学precipitation physics 降水物理学cloud dynamics 云动力学middle atmospheric physics 中层大气物理学aeronomy 高空大气学aerology 高空气象学radio meteorology 无线电气象学boundary layer meteorology 边界层气象学boundary layer climate 边界层气候atmospheric boundary layer 大气边界层air-sea interface 海气界面air-sea exchange 海气交换tracer diffusion experiment 示踪扩散实验surface layer 近地层surface roughness 地面粗糙度atmospheric duct 大气波导advection 平流convection 对流free convection 自由对流forced convection 强迫对流convection cell 对流单体Benard cell 贝纳胞Benard convection 贝纳对流convection model 对流模式updraught 上曳气流downdraught 下曳气流transitional flow 过渡气流dry deposition 干沉降wet deposition 湿沉降aerosol 气溶胶aerosol particle size distribution 气溶胶粒子谱aqueous aerosol 湿气溶胶stratospheric aerosol 平流层气溶胶hail generation zone 冰雹生成区conical hail 锥形冰雹hail embryo 雹核hail lobe 雹瓣hail pellet 雹粒cumulonimbus model 积雨云模式condensation process 凝结过程cloud condensation nuclei, CCN 云凝结核artificial nucleation 人工成核作用cloud top temperature 云顶温度ice-water mixed cloud 冰水混合云cloud structure 云结构cloud particle sampler 云滴采样器cloud droplet-size distribution 云滴谱cloud droplet collector 云滴谱仪raindrop size distribution 雨滴谱drop-size distribution parameter 滴谱参数disdrometer, raindrop disdrometer 雨滴谱仪fog-drop 雾滴cloud droplet 云滴supercooled cloud droplet 过冷云滴drop spectrum 滴谱collision 碰撞coagulation 碰并ice crystal 冰晶ice needle 冰针ice nucleus 冰核ice point 冰点condensation 凝结evaporation 蒸发potential evaporation 潜在蒸发solidification 凝固deposition 凝华sublimation 升华freezing 冻结freezing nucleus 冻结核condensation nucleus 凝结核salt nucleus 盐核cloud chamber 云室combustion nucleus 燃烧核deposition nucleus 凝华核weather modification 人工影响天气target area 目标区cloud dissipation 消云salt-seeding 盐粉播撒frost prevention 防霜cloud seeding 播云cloud seeding agent 播云剂artificial precipitation 人工降水hail suppression 防雹fog dissipation 消雾dynamic cloud seeding 动力播云radar meteorology 雷达气象学meteorological radar equation 气象雷达方程radar meteorological observation 雷达气象观测radar reflectivity factor 雷达反射率因子radar equivalent reflectivity factor 雷达等效反射率因子weather echo 天气回波cloud echo 云回波echo wall 回波墙superrefraction echo 超折射回波second trip echo 二次回波incoherent echo 非相干回波coherent echo 相干回波ground echo 地物回波clear air echo 晴空回波convective echo 对流回波whirling echo 涡旋状回波spiral rain-band echo 螺旋雨带回波layered echo 层状回波banded echo 带状回波hook echo 钩状回波weak echo vault 弱回波穹窿precipitation echo 降水回波angel echo 异常回波elevated echo 雨幡回波cell echo 单体回波supercell 超级单体multiple-cell echo 多单体回波echo complex 回波复合体cloud top height, CTH 云顶高度echo depth 回波厚度echo character 回波特征echo analysis 回波分析echo distortion 回波畸变radar reflectivity 雷达反射率superrefraction 超折射negative refraction 负折射tropospheric refraction 对流层折射beam filling coefficient 波束充塞系数range bin 距离库range averaging 距离平均azimuth averaging 方位平均range resolution 距离分辨率azimuth resolution 方位角分辨率number of range samples 距离采样数coherent-video signal 相干视频信号quantized signal 量化信号depolarization ratio 退偏振比rotation band 转动谱带Doppler velocity 多普勒速度range ambiguity 距离模糊maximum unambiguous range 最大不模糊距离velocity ambiguity 速度模糊realtime display 实时显示pattern recognition technique 图形识别技术tracking radar echoes by correlation,TREC 雷达回波相关跟踪法thunderstorm monitoring 雷暴监测gray scale 灰[色标]度cloud attenuation 云衰减precipitation attenuation 降水衰减range attenuation 距离衰减echo synthetic chart 回波综合图iso-echo contour 等回波线normalized echo intensity 归一化回波强度isolated cell 孤立单体weak cell 弱单体satellite meteorology 卫星气象学satellite sounding 卫星探测cloud cluster 云团satellite cloud picture 卫星云图sectorized cloud picture 分区云图picture mosaic 拼图image processing 图象处理distortion correction 畸变校正infrared cloud picture 红外云图visible cloud picture 可见光云图nulti-spectral image, MSI 多波段图象microwave image 微波图象image resolution 图象分辨率digitized cloud map 数字化云图enhanced cloud picture 增强云图false-color cloud picture 假彩色云图pseudo-color cloud picture 伪彩色云图full-disc cloud picture 全景圆盘云图nephanalysis 云[层]分析图brightness temperature 亮度温度cloud coverage 云覆盖区cloud street 云街cloud line 云线spiral cloud band 螺旋云带monsoon cloud cluster 季风云团tropical cloud cluster 热带云团squall cloud 飑线云shield cloud 盾状云open [cloud] cells 开口型细胞状云close [cloud] cells 封闭型细胞状云cellular pattern 细胞状云cloud system 云系comma cloud system 逗点云系banded cloud system 带状云系vortex cloud system 涡旋云系jet stream cloud system 急流云系satellite derived wind 卫星云迹风satellite cloud picture analysis 卫星云图分析limb scanning method 临边扫描法limb retrieval 临边反演occultation method 掩星法backscatter ultraviolet technique 紫外辐射后向散射法linear inversion 线性反演water vapor retrieval 水汽反演humidity retrieval 湿度反演limb brightening 临边增亮limb darkening 临边变暗sun glint 日照亮斑atmospheric radiation 大气辐射solar radiation 太阳辐射solar constant 太阳常数monochromatic radiation 单色辐射outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR 向外长波辐射visible light 可见光radiation balance 辐射平衡global radiation 总辐射direct radiation 直接辐射effective radiation 有效辐射scattered radiation 散射辐射diffuse radiation 漫射辐射sky radiation 天空辐射upward [tatal] radiation 向上[全]辐射downward [total] radiation 向下[全]辐射incoming radiation 入射辐射equivalent clear column radiance 等效晴空辐射率atmospheric transmissivity 大气透射率Van Allen radiation belt 范艾伦辐射带albedo of the earth-atmosphere system 地气系统反照率albedo of underlying surface 下垫面反照率earth radiation belt 地球辐射带nocturnal radiation 夜间辐射atmospheric counter radiation 大气逆辐射radiance 辐射率irradiation 辐照irradiance 辐照度reflected radiation 反射辐射albedo 反照率band model 带模式statistical band model 统计带模式regular band model 规则带模式random Elsasser band model 随机爱尔沙色带模式strong-line approximation 强线近似weak-line approximation 弱线近似planetary temperature 行星温度atmospheric attenuation 大气衰减atmospheric absorption 大气吸收atmospheric window 大气窗[atmospheric] absorptivity [大气]吸收率non-scattering atmosphere 无散射大气extinction coefficient 消光系数atmospheric radioactivity 大气放射性atmospheric optics 大气光学atmospheric optical spectrum 大气光谱atmospheric refraction 大气折射atmospheric optical mass 大气光学质量primary scattering 一次散射Mie scattering 米散射multiple scattering 多次散射Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射volume scattering function 体散射函数forward scattering 前向散射backscattering 后向散射scattering cross-section 散射截面backscattering cross-section 后向散射截面one-way attenuation 单程衰减two-way attenuation 双程衰减scattering coefficient 散射系数attenuation coefficient 衰减系数attenuation cross-section 衰减截面absorption cross-section 吸收截面atmospheric polarization 大气偏振night-sky light 夜天光sky brightness, sky luminance 天空亮度atmospheric optical thickness, atmospheric optical depth 大气光学厚度[atmospheric] transparency [大气]透明度atmospheric optical phenomena 大气光学现象atmospheric turbidity 大气浑浊度turbidity factor 浑浊因子mirage 蜃景twilight 曙暮光aurora australis 南极光aurora borealis 北极光anthelion 反日parhelion 假日paraselene 假月46° halo 46度晕22° halo 22度晕solar halo 日晕lunar halo 月晕solar corona 日华lunar corona 月华rainbow 虹secondary rainbow 霓halo 晕corona 华twilight colors 霞airglow 气辉aurora 极光glory 宝光[环]atmospheric electricity 大气电学fair weather electric field 晴天电场air discharge 空中放电cloud-to-cloud discharge, intercloud discharge 云标放电cloud discharge 云放电cloud-to-ground discharge 云地[间]放电ionospheric storm 电离层暴ionospheric sudden disturbance 电离层突扰magnetic storm 磁暴atmospheric electric conductivity 大气电导率atmospheric acoustics 大气声学acoustic sounding 声学探测04. 大气化学atmospheric chemistry 大气化学atmospheric photochemistry 大气光化学atmospheric photolysis 大气光解作用atmospheric ozone 大气臭氧atmospheric trace gas 大气痕量气体photochemical reaction 光化反应photochemical smog 光化烟雾precipitation chemistry 降水化学threshold temperature of ice nucleation 成冰阈温05. 动力气象学dynamic meteorology 动力气象学atmospheric thermodynamics 大气热力学sensible heat 感热latent heat 潜热reversible adiabatic process 可逆绝热过程irreversible adiabatic process 不可逆绝热过程moisture inversion 逆湿thermodynamic equation 热力学方程temperature inversion 逆温turbulence inversion 湍流逆温surface inversion 地面逆温radiation inversion 辐射逆温capping inversion 覆盖逆温subsidence inversion 下沉逆温frontal inversion 锋面逆温inversion layer 逆温层isentropic chart 等熵面图tephigram 温熵图T-ln p diagram 温度-对数压力图temperature gradient 温度梯度temperature advection 温度平流adiabatic ascending 绝热上升adiabatic sinking 绝热下沉adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adiabatic heating 绝热增温pseudo-adiabatic process 假绝热过程diabatic process 非绝热过程convective condensation level, CCL 对流凝结高度mixing condensation level 混合凝结高度temperature lapse rate 气温直减率dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热直减率moist adiabatic lapse rate 湿绝热直减率condensation level, CL 凝结高度condensation efficiency 凝结效率thermal stratification 热力层结equivalent temperature 相当温度virtual temperature 虚温dry adiabatic process 干绝热过程moist adiabatic process 湿绝热过程adiabatic diagram 绝热图pseudo-adiabatic diagram 假绝热图pseudo-adiabatic lapse rate 假绝热直减率potential temperature 位温pseudo-equivalent potential temperature 假相当位温wet-bulb potential temperature 湿球位温wet-bulb pseudo potential temperature 假湿球位温wet-bulb pseudo-temperature 假湿球温度atmospheric dynamics 大气动力学equation of motion 运动方程continuity equation 连续方程equation of state 状态方程vorticity equation 涡度方程divergence equation 散度方程hydrostatic equation 流体静力方程ω-equation ω方程perturbation equation 扰动方程thermal wind equation 热成风方程moisture [conservation] equation 水汽守恒方程advective equation 平流方程balance equation 平衡方程baroclinic process 斜压过程Reynolds stress 雷诺应力meteorological wind tunnel 气象风洞equivalent barotropic atmosphere 相当正压大气hydrostatic adjustment process 静力适应过程geostrophic adjustment 地转适应available potential energy 有效位能enstrophy 涡动拟能geopotential meter 位势米geopotential height 位势高度inertial instability 惯性不稳定free convection level 自由对流高度[atmospheric] stability [大气]稳定度[atmospheric] instability [大气]不稳定度static stability 静力稳定度index of stability 稳定度指数absolute stability 绝对稳定absolute instability 绝对不稳定neutral stability 中性稳定conditional instability 条件[性]不稳定inertial stability 惯性稳定度convective instability 对流不稳定convective stability 对流[性]稳定度atmospheric disturbance 大气扰动nonlinear instability 非线性不稳定[性] conditional instability of the second kind, CISK 第二类条件[性]不稳定shearing instability 切变不稳定barotropic instability 正压不稳定baroclinic instability 斜压不稳定latent instability 潜在不稳定conservation of potential vorticity 位涡守恒tendency equation 倾向方程z-coordinate z坐标p-coordinate p坐标σ-coordinate σ坐标θ-coordinate 位温坐标hybrid coordinate 混合坐标convergence 辐合divergence 辐散divergence 散度horizontal divergence 水平散度steering flow 引导气流vorticity 涡度relative vorticity 相对涡度absolute vorticity 绝对涡度planetary vorticity 行星涡度β-plane β平面conservation of absolute vorticity 绝对涡度守恒geostrophic vorticity 地转涡度cyclonic vorticity 气旋性涡度anticyclonic vorticity 反气旋涡度shearing vorticity 切变涡度curvature vorticity 曲率涡度potential vorticity 位势涡度eddy conductivity 涡动传导率eddy viscosity 涡动粘滞率friction velocity 摩擦速度eddy shearing stress 涡动切应力atmospheric wave 大气波动adjustment of longwave 长波调整inertia wave 惯性波baroclinic wave 斜压波barotropic wave 正压波gravity wave 重力波inertia-gravity wave 惯性重力波internal gravity wave 重力内波external gravity wave 重力外波gravity wave drag 重力波拖曳drag coefficient 拖曳系数orographic drag 地形拖曳orographic wave 地形波lee wave 背风波Helmholtz wave 赫姆霍兹波Kelvin wave 开尔文波Lamb wave 兰姆波Rossby wave 罗斯贝波stationary wave 定常波transient wave 瞬变波solitary wave 孤立波progressive wave 前进波retrograde wave 后退波shearing wave 切变波mixed Rossby-gravity wave 混合罗斯贝重力波ultra-long wave 超长波atmospheric noise 大气噪声Prandtl number 普朗特数Rayleigh number 瑞利数Reynolds number 雷诺数Richardson number 里查森数Froude number 弗劳德数Rossby number 罗斯贝数rotating dishpan experiment 转盘实验Hadley regime 哈得来域Rossby regime 罗斯贝域mixing layer 混合层non-divergence level 无辐散层cyclostrophic wind 旋衡风gradient wind 梯度风countergradient wind 反梯度风subgradient wind 次梯度风supergradient wind 超梯度风thermal wind 热成风veering wind 顺转风backing wind 逆转风wind shear 风切变geostrophic wind 地转风antitriptic wind 摩擦风subgeostrophic wind 次地转风supergeostrophic wind 超地转风ageostrophic wind 非地转风isallobaric wind 变压风jet stream 急流northern branch jet stream 北支急流southern branch jet stream 南支急流basic flow 基本气流subtropical jet stream 副热带急流axis of jet stream 急流轴streamline 流线westerly jet 西风急流convective cloud 对流云deep convection 深对流shallow convection 浅对流line convection 线对流Ekman flow 埃克曼流thermal convection 热对流moist convection 湿对流cumulus convection 积云对流mesoscale convective system, MCS 中尺度对流系统warm advection 暖平流cold advection 冷平流upward flow 上升气流downward flow 下沉气流convective adjustment 对流调整convective parameterization 对流参数化mesoscale convective complex, MCC 中尺度对流复合体geostrophic motion 地转运动quasi-geostrophic motion 准地转运动semi-geostrophic motion 半地转运动ageostrophic motion 非地转运动irrotational motion 无旋运动nondivergent motion 无辐散运动baroclinic atmosphere 斜压大气barotropic atmosphere 正压大气baroclinic mode 斜压模态barotropic mode 正压模态normal mode 正规模态Ekman layer 埃克曼层Ekman spiral 埃克曼螺线atmospheric circulation 大气环流meridional circulation 经向环流zonal circulation 纬向环流Hadley cell 哈得来环流Walker cell 沃克环流direct circulation 直接环流indirect circulation 间接环流[圈]trade-wind circulation 信风环流circulation cell 环流圈local circulation 局地环流three-cell [meridional] circulation 三圈经向环流circulation index 环流指数high index 高指数low index 低指数index cycle 指数循环circulation theorem 环流定理Kelvin's theorem of circulation 开尔文环流定理Bjerknes circulation theorem 皮叶克尼斯环流定理cross-equatorial flow 越赤道气流adjustment of circulation 环流调整mesospheric circulation 中间层环流large-scale circulation 大尺度环流atmospheric center of action 大气活动中心stratospheric sudden warming 平流层爆发[性]增温atmospheric turbulence 大气湍流eddy 涡旋flux 通量turbulent flux 湍流通量isotropic turbulence 各向同性湍流mixing length 混合长K theory of turbulence 湍流[WTHZ]K[WT][HT5H]理论Prandtl mixing-length theory 普朗特混合长理论turbulent boundary layer 湍流边界层laminar boundary layer 层流边界层turbulence spectrum 湍流谱turbulence energy 湍流能量turbulent exchange 湍流交换turbulent diffusion 湍流扩散Eliassen-Palm flux EP通量lateral mixing 侧向混合chaos 混沌numerical weather prediction, NWP 数值天气预报model output statistic prediction, MOS prediction 模式输出统计预报equivalent barotropic model 相当正压模式quasi-geostrophic model 准地转模式filtered model 过滤模式adiabatic model 绝热模式primitive equation model 原始方程模式mesoscale model 中尺度模式scaling 尺度分析synoptic scale 天气尺度planetary scale 行星尺度meso scale 中尺度meso-α scale α中尺度meso-β scale β中尺度meso-γ scale γ中尺度spectral model 谱模式movable fine-mesh model 可移动细网格模式semi-implicit scheme 半隐式格式conservation scheme 守恒格式finite difference model 差分模式upstream scheme 迎风差格式computational instability 线性计算不稳定perturbation method 小扰动法。

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