十二烷基硫酸钠表面活性剂的制备及性能研究

实验七十二烷基硫酸钠表面活性剂的制备及性能研究

一、实验目的

1、了解表面活性剂的基本性质及应用

2、学习表面活性剂的分离纯化技术

3、学习表面活性剂性质的测试方法

二、实验背景

十二烷基硫酸钠, 别名为月桂醇硫酸钠, 是阴离子硫酸酯类表面活性剂的典型代表, 由于它具有良好的乳化性、起泡性、可生物降解、耐碱及耐硬水等特点, 广泛应用于化工、纺织、印染、制药、造纸、石油、化妆品和洗涤用品制造等各种工业部门。表面活性剂的开发与应用已成为一个非常重要的行业，通过本综合实验让学生掌握表面活性剂研究的最基本实验技术和知识。

三、仪器和药品

仪器：三口烧瓶，搅拌装置，分液漏斗，旋转蒸发器，抽滤装置，容量瓶（50mL），红外光谱分析仪，核磁共振，表面张力测定仪。

药品：正十二醇，氨基磺酸，尿素，浓硫酸，无水乙醇，氢氧化钠，乙醚，氯化钠，重蒸馏水。

四、实验提示

1、查阅文献资料，依据实验室提供的条件，设计制备十二烷基硫酸钠的实验方案。

2、提出产物鉴定方法。

3、提出测定表面活性剂表面张力、临界胶束浓度的方法。

4、写出研究报告。

五、思考题

1、采用氨基磺酸进行磺化反应的优点是什么？

2、盐的加入对表面张力及临界胶束浓度有什么影响？

六、参考文献

[1]、陈敏，崔庆飞，氨基磺酸法合成十二烷基硫酸钠综合实验. 实验技术与管理，2007,24(4): 35-37.

[2]、陈联群, 李春兰, 叶莲, 等. 十二烷基硫酸钠的提纯与纯度测定. 内江师范学院学报, 2005, 20(6): 35-37.

[3]、Alissa J. Prosser, Elias I. Franses, New thermodynamic/electrostatic models of adsorption and tension equilibria of aqueous ionic surfactant mixtures: application to sodium dodecyl sulfate/sodium dodecyl sulfonate systems, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2003, 263: 606-615

The synthesize and properties study of sodium dodecyl sulfate

The experiment purposes

1、Understanding the basic properties and application of surfactant

2、Study the technology of isolation and purification for surfactant

3、Study the measuremenst of surfactant properties

Background

Sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS, other names for laurel sulfate, is a common type of anionic surfactant. It has excellent emulsifying, foaming property, biodegradability, good alkaline resistance, and hard water instance, etc. SDS is widely used in non-phosphorus washing powder, liquid detergents and home washing products, textile, printing and dyeing industry, petrochemical products, and industrial hard surface cleaning agents, etc. SDS is widely used in many fields such as chemical industry, textile, dyeing, pharmaceutical, paper making, oil field, detergent, cosmetic, personal hygiene aid industries and fields. Developing and application of surfactant has become an important field. The purpose of the comprehensive experiment is to Understanding the basic experiment technology and knowledge.

Instruments and reagents

Instruments and apparatus: three-necked flask, agitator, pressure funnel，separalory funnel, rotary evaporator, filtration apparatus, volumetric flask (50mL), FT-IR spectrometer, NMR equipment, surface tension meter.

Reagents: dodecanol, aminosulfonic acid, urea, sulfuric acid, anhydrous alcohol, sodium hydroxide, ethyl ether, Sodium chloride, distilled water.

The notice of experiment

1、Consulting literature material and based on the Condition provided by laboratory, design the scheme of preparing SDS

2、Proposes appraisal method of the product

3、Proposes measurement methods for surface tension, critical micelle concentration

4、Provide the thesis.

Question

1、What is the advantages of the sulfonation reaction used aminosulfonic acid as sulfonation reagent?

2、What is the effects of salt on surface tension and critical micelle concentration?

Reference

[1]、Chen M. Cui Q. F. The syntheses experiment of synthesis of sodium dodecyl sulfate from aminosulfonic acid, Experimental Technology and Management, 2007, 24(4): 35-37.

[2]、Chen L. Q. Li C. L. Ye L. Zeng P. Zhu Y. P. Purification and purity determination of sodium dodecyl sulfate, Journal of Neijiang Teachers College, 2005, 20(6): 35-37.

[3]、Alissa J. Prosser, Elias I. Franses, New thermodynamic/electrostatic models of adsorption and tension equilibria of aqueous ionic surfactant mixtures: application to sodium dodecyl sulfate/sodium dodecyl sulfonate systems, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2003, 263: 606-615