英美概况期末模拟题1及答案-推荐下载

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英美概况期末试卷标准答案

《英美概况》期末试卷标准答案2007－2008学年第1学期B卷I. Fill in the following blanks with appropriate words or expressions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (20 points)1. Lords Commons2. English Welsh3. the Vice President4. The United States5. Oxford Cambridge6. Labor Party7. every four 8. Civil War9. Industrial Revolution 10. common lawsII. T ranslate the following terms into English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (15 points)1. 英吉利海峡the English Channel2. 凯尔特人Celt3. 复活节Easter4. 国教established church5. 成文宪法written constitution6. 下院议长Mr. Speaker7. 否决权 a veto power8. 美国南北战争the Civil War9. 国务院the Department of State10. 哈佛大学Harvard UniversityIII. T ranslate the following terms into Chinese. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (15 points)1. the British Isles 大不列颠群岛2. the Conservative Party 保守党3. constitutional monarchy 君主立宪制4. the New Deal 新政5. separation of powers 三权分立6. the House of Representatives 众议院7. Glorious Revolution 光荣革命8. public school 公学9. American Declaration of Independence 美国独立宣言10. the Mississippi River 密西西比河IV. Give a brief answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (20 points)1. 1) pass laws2) provide revenues by voting for taxation3) examine government policy and administration4) debate on the major issues of the day2. They are England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.3. It is the third-largest country in the world in population and the fourth-largest country in area.4. 1) more fogs or smog in winter2) more rainy days but less sunny days3) instability or changeability, all the seasons are very variableV. Answer the question in Chinese. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points)没有统一答案。

《英美概况》期末考试试卷附答案

《英美概况》期末考试试卷附答案一、British Survey Test（20小题*2=40）1. The total area of the U.K.is _____.A. 211,440B.244,110C. 241,410D. 242,5342.England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K.A. northernB. easternC. southern3. The most important part of the U.K.in wealth is _____.A.Northern IrelandB.EnglandC. Scotland4. _____ is on the western prominence between the Bristol Channel and the Dee-estuary.A. WalesB.ScotlandC. England5.Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century.A. 14thB. 15thC. 16th6. By the Act of Union of _____Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain.A. 1707B.1921C. 18017.Physio-graphically Britain may be divided into _____ provinces.A. 13B.12C. 148.Mt.Ben Nevis stands in _____.A. the Scottish HighlandsB. WalesC. England9. The main rivers parting in Britain runs from _____.A. north to southB. south to northC. east to west10. Cheviot hills lie along the border between _____ and England.A. ScotlandB.WalesC. Vale of Eden11. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. SevernB.ClydeC. Bann12.London is situated on the River of _____.A. ParretB.ThamesC. Spey13.Edinburgh is the capital of _____.A. EnglandB.ScotlandC. Wales14. The rivers flowing into the _____ are mainly short.A. North SeaB. English ChannelC. Dee estuary15.Mt.Snowdon stands in _____.A. ScotlandB.WalesC. England16. The source of the important River Thames is in the _____.A. CotswoldsB.Oxford ClayC. Pennines17. About _____ of the water requirements are obtained from underground sources.A. 50%B. 38%C. 42%18. Gaelic is mainly spoken in _____.A.ScotlandB. EnglandC. Northern Ireland19. The Bank of England was nationalized in _____.A.1964B.1946C. 169420.Britain is basically an importer of _____.A. foodB. raw materialsC. manufacturesD. both A and B二、American Survey Test（20小题*2=40）21. The _____ part of America consists of high plateaus and mountains formed by the Great Cordillera Range.A. easternB. westernC. northeastern22. In eastern _____ lies Death Valley, 85 meters below sea level.A. CaliforniaB.UtahC. Arizona23. In the west of the _____ lie the Colorado Plateaus and the Columbia Plateaus.A. Rocky MountainB.Coast RangeC.Cascades Mountains24. The _____ lies between the Colorado Plateaus and Columbia PlateausA.Great BasinB. Colorado ValleyC.Great Plains25. The famous Yellow stone National Park is situated in northwestern part of _____.A. CaliforniaB.ArizonaC. Wyoming26. The world-known Colorado Valley lies in northern _____, which is cut by the Colorado River.A. ArizonaB.UtahC. Montana27. Among the five Great Lakes, only _____ is wholly within the United States.A. ErieB.SuperiorC. Michigan28. Only the climate in the southern part of _____ is tropical.A.FloridaB. GeorgiaC. Virginia29.Washington, the capital of the US, is on the _____ river.A. PotomacB. DelawareC. St. Laurence30. The width of the Niagara Fall is about _____ meters and the drop average _____ meters.A. 1650, 50B. 1240,49C. 1540, 4931. _____ part is the most densely populated region in America.A. The southernB. The northeasternC. The western32. The Great Salt Lake lies in northern _____.A.IdahoB. ArizonaC. NevadaD.Utah33. _____ has been called the “cradle of American Liberty”.A. PhiladelphiaB.PlymouthC. Boston34. About _____ of the world’s annual agricultural pro ducts come from the United States.A. halfB. one thirdC. two thirds35. The highest mountain in the U.S.is Mount_____.A. AppalachianB. MekinleyC. Rocky36.Mount Mekinley lies in the_____Range.A.Sierra NevadaB. CascadesC. Alaska37. The two largest China-towns are located in the following cities except _____.A.New YorkB.San FranciscoC. Miami38. The world’s largest freshwater lake is Lake_____.A. SuperiorB.OntarioC. Victoria39. The world-famous Niagara Falls lies between lakes of _____.A. Erie and MichiganB. Erie and OntarioC. Superior and Haron40. _____ of the America’s territory is covered with forests.A. 1/4B. 1/5C. 1/3三、Explain the following terms(4小题*5=20)1. Christmas2.The Commonwealth3.The House of Commons4.London英美概况参考答案1-5 DCBAA 6-10 CAAAB 11-15 ABBBB 16-20 ABABD21-25 BAAAC 26-30 ACAAB 31-35 BDAAB 36-40CCABA41.ChristmasChristmas is a holiday to memorize the birth of Jesus Christ. It’s on December 25. It’s the most famous and important holiday in western world.42.the CommonwealthIt is a voluntary association of states which is made up mostly of former British colonies. There are 50 members of the Commonwealth, including both developing countries like India and Cyprus and developed countries like Australia and Canada. It is also a forum for continued cooperation and a support network.43.The House of CommonsIt is the real centre of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives make and debate policy. These MPS (members of parliament) are elected in the general elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.44.LondonThe capital and largest city in the UK. It is dominant in all sorts of ways. It is the cultural and business centre and the headquarters of many big companies. It is also the financial centre of the country and one of the three financial centers in the world.。

英美概况习题及答案[1]

英美概况习题及答案[1]英国概况1.The Capital of Wales is _____.A SwanseaB CardiffC RhondaD Belfast2.There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and _____.A the Liberal PartyB the Democratic PartyC the Labour PartyD the Republican Party5. In 1653 _____ was made Lord Protector for life.A. Oliver CromwellB. Charles IC. William II11. Norman Conquest began in _____.A. 1016B. 1066C. 103516. Charles I was beheaded in _____.A. 1649B. 1648C. 165322. The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the _____.A. factory of the worldB. expansion of marketsC. social upheaval25. The Great Charter was signed by _____ in 1215.A. King Henry IIB. King RichardC. King John26. In the early 14th century feudalism began to _____ inEngland.A. growB. flourishC. declineD. end30. The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was known as _____.A. the Wars of RosesB. the Hundred Years’ WarC. Peasant Uprising31. In the first half of 17th century _____ grow rapidly in England.A. feudalismB. capitalismC. Catholicism41. In 1689 the ―Bill of Rights‖ was passed. _____ began in England.A. The Constitutional MonarchyB. All Estates ParliamentC. House of Lancaster53. The Seven Years War between England and France lasted from _____ to _____.A. 1756, 1763B. 1713, 1720C. 1754, 1761C. G. B. Shaw & H. G. Wells1.B2.C 5A 11. B 16 A. 17 A 21. A 22. A 25 C 26.C 30B 31.B 41. A 53.A10. In 1086 William had his official to make a general survey of the land, known as _____ Book.11. The most famous scholar during Anglo-Saxon Times was _____.12. The Battle of _____ paved the way for the Norman Conquest to England.13. The Norman Conquest increased the process of _____ which had begun during the Anglo-Saxon Times.14. Duke William was known in history as William the _____.15. Along with the Normans came the _____ language.18. The _____ _____ in 1688 was in nature a coup d’etat.25. By the treaty of _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.26. In _____ Britain launched the Opium War against China.32. The nature of the Wars of the Roses was a _____ _____ war.33. By the beginning of the Tudor reign the manor system was replaced by the _____ system.34. In the summer of 1588 the Spanish ships, the _____ _____ was defeated by English ships.38. During the Civil Wars (1642 –1648) the supporters of Parliament were called _____ while the supporters of the King Charles I were called _____.39. In 1653 Cromwell was made _____ _____ for life and started his military dictatorship openly.1.II. Iberians Romans 43 A.D John Milton Anglo-Saxon Alfred William Lackland Magna Carta Domesday Bede Hastings feudalism Conqueror French Great Council Church Glorious Revolution 6 Nanjing Russia Watt Tyler’s2. Lancasterians, Yorkists 15th Paris 1840 Chartered international, national Bloody rebirth humanists feudal civil money Invincible Armada Thomas More, Utopia 16th Stuart Roundheads, Cavaliers Lord Protector Paris T ory, Whig universal suffrage Spinning Jenny splendid isolationSettlement Commonwealth Poland 18th James Watt Spinning Mule Power Loom Industrial Revolution Manchester Act of Supremacy Italy world, 4 Paris Peace Conference Locarno Treaty Germany Winston Churchill cabinetPolitical System1. The British Monarchy is _____.A. electiveB. democraticC. hereditary2. The Constitutional Monarchy started at the end of the _____ century.A. 17thB. 16thC. 15th3. The _____ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and is described as the representative of the people.A. Prime MinisterB. CrownC. Parliament4. The oldest part of British Parliament is _____.A. the House of CommonsB. the House of LordsC. the CharmerD. the Shadow Cabinet5. The decision making organ in British Parliament is_____.A. the CrownB. the CabinetC. Shadow Cabinet7. The House of Commons consists of _____ members who are elected from the _____ electoral districts.A. 651, 651B. 535, 535C. 635, 63510. The _____ _____ is the supreme administrative institution.A. British governmentB. British ParliamentC. OppositionD. Privy Council11. The _____ is the core of leadership of the British government.A. CabinetB. Privy CouncilC. Crown15. The president (or head) of the House of Lords in Britain is _____.A. Lord ChancellorB. SpeakerC. Prime minister16. _____ was formed by the trade unions, cooperatives,the Social Democratic Federation, the Independent LabourParty and the Fabian Society in 1900.A. The Conservative PartyB. The Labour PartyC. The Liberal Party.17. It is the _____ who organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings.A. Prime MinisterB. Lord PresidentC. Speaker28. During the Civil War, the supporters of the King and the Church were known as _____. A. Roundheads B. Loyalists C. the Whigs1-5CABBB 6-10CAABA 11.A 15.A 16.B 17.A 28.BI. Fill in the Blanks23. The two major parties in Britain are the _____ Party and the _____ Party.24. During the Civil War, the non-Puritan Anglicans whosupported the king and church were known as Cavaliers or _____, the Puritans who supported Parliament were known as Roundheads or _____ _____.25. In 1833 the T ory changed its name to the _____, and in 1860s the _____ became liberals.1. Queen Elizabeth II 1952 Prime Minister Crown Crown, Lords, Commons Parliament Queen 13th Commons finance Upper Westminster Palace 1911, 1949 constituencies President of the Chamber Government, Opposition Privy Council No. 10 Downing Street executive, clerical parishes chairman borough, city Conservative, Liberal loyalists, Parliament Men Conservative, Whig grants 5 18 Returning Officer 651 Lords Criminal jury 15, 12 Court, Bar Home Secretary Scotland YardGeography12. London is situated on the River of _____.A. ParretB. ThamesC. Spey13. Edinburgh is the capital of _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Wales33. The contribution made by the Normans to Britain isthe following except _____.A. final unification of EnglandB. foundation of aristocracyC. great administrative progressD. some peculiarities of dialect36. The highest mountain in England is _____.A. Mt. MourneB. Mt. SnowdonC. Mt. Seafell14. The climate of Britain is moderated by the _____ _____ _____ and is much milder than that of many places in the same latitude.15. Britain’s Industrial Revolution took place between _____ and _____.DCBAA CAAAB ABBBB ABABD ACACB CBBCD BADAA CBABA CBDNorthwestern Great Britain, Northern Ireland Scottish, Welsh England London Northern Ireland 1921 Ben Nevis Pennines North Sea Thames London Northern Ireland Atlantic Gulf Stream 1750, 1850 1694 57 manufacture Irish Welsh English dark Scots, Irish Welsh Inner, 20 Edinburgh God Save the QueenNorth West Clyde England Thames Cardiff coal15. The English Civil War is also called _____A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the New Land.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation14. C 15. D 16. B 17. A1．Choose the best answer for each of the questionbelow．4．Christianity was brought to Britain__________．A．directly by the Roman priests B．directly by traders and soldiers C．directly by the Pope D．indirectly by trader and soldiers 12．The Doomsday Book was completed in__________．A．1083 B．1084 C．1085 D．108616．King John was forced to put his seal to Magna Carter__________．A．on July 9,1215 B．June 19.1215 C．June 14,1381 D．July 15,131817．The spirit of Magna Carter was__________.A．A limitation of the powers of the king B．the foundation of English libertiesC．a limitation of the powers of the barons D．an expansion of the powers of tie king22．William，Duke of Normandy, fought King Harold of England at the Battle of Hastings inA．1065 B．1066 C．1067 D．106860. Parliament has the following functions except______.A. making lawB. authorizing taxation and public expenditureC. declaring war and making peaceD. examining the actions of the Government65. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from the______centuries.A.l2th and 13thB. 13th and 14thC. 14th and 15thD. 15th and 16th1A 4 D 9.B 12 D 15 C 16. B 17.A 22. B 36. C 41. A 60. C 65 . A42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of T echnology43. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC.the Midwest D. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining industry51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington52. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independence.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention42. C 43. D 44. A 51. B 52. B 55. B 58. C 60. DII. Fill in the blanks:11. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in ______.12. During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported________, while the Roundheads supported _______. 13. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a ______, later, he became _________.33. Education after 16 in the UK is divided into _____ and ______.34. The most-known universities in Britain are _____ and _____ which date from the _____ and _____ centuries.11. the Divine Right of Kings 12. the king, the Parliament 13.Commonwealth, Lord Protector 33. further education, high education34. Oxford, Cambridge, 12th, 13th美国概况1 The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except _____.A George WashingtonB Thomas JeffersonC William PennD Benjamin Franklin2 The New Deal was started by _____.A Franklin RooseveltB J.K. KennedyC GeorgeWashington D Thomas Jefferson3 The United States was rated _____ in the world in terms of land areas.A secondB thirdC fourthD fifth5 The Bill of Rights consists of _____.A 10 very short paragraphs in an amendmentB 10 amendments adopted in 1787C 10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791D the amendments concerning the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press and the freedom of religion10 The seats in the Senate are allocated to different states_____.A according to their populationB according to their sizeC according to their tax paid to federal governmentD equally1 C, 华盛顿、杰弗逊和弗兰克林都是美国创建时的元老功勋、而William Penn 是美国宾州的创始人。

英美概况一练习题一.doc

《英美概况(一)》练习题一、1.Fill in the blanks in the following sentences by referring to the text.1)The literature career of Bronte sisters has close relationship with one of the geographic features in YorkshireCounty, where they were born and raised, which is.2)The river_________ i n UK has been an important trade and transport route since prehistoric times.3)The overall climate in England is called temperate.4)The Anglo-Saxons spoke a language that we now call.5)Following the Wars of the Roses was the rule of the House of the.6)On July 7th, 1937, Japan began an all-out attack on.7)On December 7th, 1941, Japan's planes from carriers at sea made a swift and sudden raid on the United States'naval base at.8)Britain, under the leadership of, defeated Germany*s attempt to destroy its air force and air defenses in theBattle of Britain and escaped invasion.9)Margaret Thatcher gained her reputation as "the lady" for her tight control of Britain's monetary policy.10)The British Parliament is often referred to as— the body that makes or unmakes laws.11)The Church of England today is all-inclusive, having the ability to be both Protestant and.12)Buddhism was originated in about 500 B.C.13)Overseas commodity trade alone accounts for about of the country's national income.14)There are three academic degrees in Britain: the, Master's degree and Doctor's degree.15)The best-known scientific achievement in the nineteenth century was Charles Robert Darwin's development ofa theory of.2.Decide whether the following statements are True or False.1)Among the three regions of UK, Scotland is the largest in size.2)For ninety-six years after the nominal conquest by Julius Caesar, Britain was left in peace and freedom.3)The Chartists advocated violence.4)There was no advertising on any BBC program, either sound or television.5)It can be said that the Thatcher Era is the longest ministry of last century in UK.6)The life of Parliament in UK is fixed at five years.7) A lot of people in UK regularly attend church. (三-9 五-19)8)The British economy was the first to have been fully industrialized. (四-19。

英美概况期末练习题1

英美概况期末练习题1Understanding the United StatesChapter 1 A General SurveyI. Gap-filling1. The United States covers the central part of North America .2. Washington .D.C.is the capital and economic center of the United States.3. The lowest point of the US is _Peath Valley______.4. ___Rose____ is the national flower of the US.5. ___Wyoming____ is the least populous state of the US.6. The United States is a __federal__republil____ consisting of __50 ____states.7. In __1776_____, the United States declared its independence from __Great Britain_____.8. The official language of the US is _English______, and the second most spoken language is _Spanish______._Hawaiian______ is an official language in the state of Hawaii.9. Religiously, most Americans are __Christians_____; among them 52% are __Protestant____ and 24% _Roman catholic_____.10. ___The White House____ is the residence of the President of the United States, and the Capitol Hill is home to_American Congress______.II. Terms Explanation11. Uncle SamIt is the niok name of the US. This image came from a meat provider during the war of 1812. The American Congress officially recoginized Uncle Sam as a nation symbol in 1961.12. Independence DayIt is a legal holiday off the US in July 4.III. Answer the Following Questions13. How did the United States of America get her name in 1776?14. What is the name of the national anthem of the United States?“The Star-Spangled Banner”The United States longress made the “The Star-Spangled Banner” the national anthem of the United States in 1931. 15. Why was Rose taken as the national flower of the US?The American people hold the rose dear as symbol of life and love the devotion,of beauty and eternity.16. Why did Americans choose bald eagle as their national bird?The bald eagle was chosen in 1782 as the emblem of the US. Because of its long life, great strength and magestic looks , and also because it was then believed to exist only on this continent.Chapter 2 Geography and HistoryA．GeographyI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided._F__1. The United States is the world’s second most populous country._T__2. Hawaii is an island state of the United States.Ⅱ. Multiple Choices3. Which is the tallest mountain in the United States? BA. Mount Whitney.B. Mount McKinley.C. Rocky Mountains.D. The Sawatch Mountains.4. Which city is the most populous city in the United States? CA. Washington D.C.B. Los Angeles .C. New York City.D. Philadelphia.III. Gap-filling5. _The Mississippi River_____ is known as the Father of Waters in the U.S6. __Chicago___ got its nickname “Hog Butcher to the World” for its once prosperous sla ughterhouses.IV. Short Answer Questions7. Into which large body of water does the Mississippi River flow?It flows into the Gulf of Mexico.8. Which river forms a long border between the United States and Mexico?The Rio Grande River.9. Which river forms part of the boundary between Canada and the United States?The St Laurence River.10. Which one of the five lake s is entirely in the United States?Lake Michigan.B．HistoryI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided. _F__1. The American first Thanksgiving Day was celebrated on the last Thursday in November of 1620.__T_2.The fortune seekers who rushed to California to look for gold in 1849 were known as Forty-Niners._T__3.The chief and immediate cause of the war was slavery.Ⅱ. Multiple Choices4. New York used to be known as _C____?A. New HampshireB. New JerseyC. New NetherlandsD. New England5. During the Civil War Lincoln issued the __B__, which declared the abolition of slavery.A. Homestead BillB. Emancipation ProclamationC.Gettysburg AddressD. Both A and B6. The first American President from the Republic Party is __A___.A. Abraham LincolnB. Andrew JohnsonC. Thomas JeffersonD. George WashingtonChapter 3 Political systemI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided._F_ 1. Today any citizen can vote._F_ 2. The number of senators from each state depends on the size of the state's population._T__3. The United States has a federal system, in which power is shared between national government and state government._T__4.The Congress can impeach the president accused of a serious crime, but so far, it has never removed a president from office._F__5. It is only customary that president runs more than twice.Ⅱ. Multiple choices6. The basic function of a government is _A__.A. to provide stabilityB. to make laws and enforce lawsC. to provide many services, such as schools, parks, sewage systems, and streets and highwaysD. to regulate, or control, activities such as trade and transportation7. The Constitution divides the government into three branches. Which one of these is not a branch? DA. LegislativeB. ExecutiveC. JudicialD. Commercial8. In 1803 United States President ___C___ paid Napoleon Bonaparte of France $15 million for about 2.1 million sq km of land west of the Mississippi River.A. Benjamin FranklinB. John AdamsC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington9. Presidents cannot _B_____.A. serves as commander in chief of the country’s milita ry forcesB. declare warC. appoint most of the country’s judgesD. issue rules, regulations and instructionsⅢ. Match the branch in the left column with its major function in the right columnⅢChapter 4 Society and CultureI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and“F” for false in the space provided._F__1. In the United States the dominant culture group is African American._T__2. Spanish is spoken as a first of second language by Americans._F__3. The Amish are friendly and open-minded people who always welcome different ideas from theoutside._T__4. Three Asian traditions best explain the success of Asian-Americans: education, hard work, and family. Education is considered the key to success.III. Match the following items. There are extra items in the right column.EducationI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.__T_1. The Boston Latin School and Harvard College were the first two schools set up in the United States. _F__2. The Federal government has power to make laws in the field of education; it can give both financial help and order._F__3. Many of the top universities in the U.S. are private universities. However, Harvard University and Yale University, are public ones._F__4. Yale University began to admit women students ever since it set up in 1701.II. Multiple Choices5. Elementary and secondary education covers __D____years.A. 8B. 9C. 10D. 126. Higher education in the United States began with the founding of Harvard College in the _B____century.A. 16thB.17thC.18thD.19th7. Which of the following American presidents was not the graduate from Harvard University? DA. John F. KennedyB. George W. BushC. FranklinD. RooseveltD. Bill ClintonIII. Match the following items. There are extra items in the right columnⅣ. Fill in the Blanks3. Higher education in the United States began with the founding of _Harvard College______ in 1636.4. On Halloween, children dress in costumes and go from house to house asking for candy by saying “__Trick or Treat_____! .”5. American colleges and universities offer three main categories of degrees: __bachelor____, master, and doctorate or Ph.D.Ⅴ. Answer the following Questions1.Can you name five famous universities in the United States?2.SportsI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided._T__1. Baseball has been called America’s national pastime. And it’s also the most popular team sport in Japan, Cuba, and other countries._F__2. In the United States, most high schools and colleges have basketball programs. At the end of the season, the bestteams compete only in national tournaments._T__3. Fall is football season in the United States. After the football season ends, the best teams meet in bowl games. Holidays and Special DaysI. Multiple Choices4. In late September 1621 in order to celebrate__A______, the Pilgrims wanted to thank God and the Native Indian.A. their first harvestB. settlement in the new landC. their friendship with the native IndiansD. the end of severe winter5. Each year huge crowds of people celebrate New Year’s Eve in ___C______ in New York City.A. The Fifth AvenueB. The BroadwayC. Times SquareD. The Wall Street6. The custom of exchanging gifts at Christmas comes from the___D_______.A. ancient GreekB. middle agesC. the Queen Victorian periodD. ancient Romans7. Halloween is a holiday celebrated in most areas of North America and in some areas of ____B______.A. Eastern EuropeB. Western EuropeC. Northern EuropeD. Southern EuropeIII. Match the following items. There are extra items in the right columnUnderstanding CanadaA General SurveyI.Decide Whether the Following Statements Are True or False. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided. _T__1. Canada is made up of ten provinces and three territories.__F_2. China is slightly larger than Canada.__F_3. Canada became independent from the United Kingdom in 1867._F__4. Ottawa is the largest city of Canada._T__5. Christianity is Canada’s most popular religion.II. Multiple Choices6. Where is Canada situated? BA. On the north of the United Kingdom.B．On the north of the United States.C．Bordering Russia on the west.D．Bordering South America on the south.7. Who was Jacques Cartier? BA．A British settler.B．A French explorerC．A Canadian leader.D．The founder of Canada.8. When was "Canada" first used as an official country name? AA．In 1791.B．In 1867.C．In 1534.D．In 1664.9. What does the national shield of Canada reflect? DA．A combination of British and French cultures.B．A combination of British and Canadian cultures.C．A combination of French and Canadian cultures.D. A combination of British, French, and Canadian cultures.10. What day is the national day of Canada? CA. July 4th.B. July 14th.C. July 1st.D. July 10th.III. Gap-filling11. The total area of Canada is ___9984670_____ square kilometers.12. The population of Canada is ___33___million.13. The capital city of Canada is ___Ottawa____.14. The national languages of Canada are _English____ and _French____.15. The Canadian currency is ___Canadian dollar___.Geography and HistoryI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided. _T__1. Canada has the world's longest coastline._F__2. Niagara Falls is the highest waterfall in Canada._F__3. The French dominated Canada until the 20th century.__T_4. Canada was involved in both of the World Wars._T__5.Newfoundland and Labrador joined Canada in 1949.II. Multiple Choices6. Which of the Great Lakes is not within Canada but wholly belongs to the USA?BA. Lake Huron.B. Lake Michigan.C. Lake Superior.D. Lake Erie.7. The largest city and chief port of British Columbia is __A___.A. VancouverB. St. JohnC. VictoriaD. Regina8. ___C__ describes itself as “The Gateway to the North”.A. CalcaryB. SaskatoonC. EdmontonD. Winnipeg9. How many provinces became a federation On July 1, 1867?BA. 3.B. 4.C. 5.D. 6.10. When did Canada and the People's Republic of China establish diplomatic relations? BA. In 1949B. In 1970C. In 1972D. In 1969Politics and National EconomyI．Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided._F__1. The Governor General is the head of state of Canada.__T_2. The real law-making power is held by the House of Commons in Canada._F__3. There are only two political parties in Canada: Conservatives and Liberals.__F_4. Agriculture is the mainstay of Canadian economy.__T_5. Canada exports energy to the United States.II. Multiple Choices6. The leader of the political party that wins the election becomes _B___ of Canada.A. the PremierB. the Prime MinisterC. the PresidentD. the Head of State7. How many justices (judges) are there on the Supreme Court of Canada? CA. 7.B. 8.C. 9.D. 10.8. The head of the provincial government is __D___.A. the governorB. the lieutenant governorC. the provincial ministerD. the premier9. When did Canada and the People's Republic of China establish diplomatic relations? BA. In 1949B. In 1970C. In 1972D. In 196910. Which province possesses Canada’s largest deposits of oil and natural gas? CA. British ColumbiaB. ManitobaC. Alberta D) OntarioIII. Gap-filling11. Canada's Head of Government is _The Prime Minister______12. _The Supreme Court____ is the highest court in Canada.13. _ Pierre _Trudeam___ is the first Canadian prime minister to pay an official visit to PRC.14. The Bank of Canada _____ has the sole right to issue paper money for circulation in Canada.Understanding UKA General Survey of UKI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided. _T__1. The official name of UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland._F__2. The longest river in Britain is River Thames._T__3. On the island of Great Britain, there are four political divisions—England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland._T__4. The United Kingdom consist of two main islands—Great Britain and Ireland.II. Multiple Choices5. The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of __C___ crosses.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four6. Which flower is symbol of England? DA. ThistleB. ShamrockC. DaffodilD. Rose7. About two thirds of _B___is covered by the Highlands.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern IrelandIII. Match each of the following capitals with its islandGeography & History of UKGeographyI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided. _T__1.The official name of UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland._F__2.The longest river in Britain is River Thames._F__3.On the island of Great Britain, there are four political divisions—England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland_T__4.The UK lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe._F__5.British recorded history begins with the Norman invasion._F__ 6.To the west of Great Britain is the second largest island known as Scotland.__F_7.London, the capital of the UK, is situated on the Severn River near its mouth._T__8. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain. They are England，Scotland and Wales._T___9. Prime Minister is the leader of the British government.II. Multiple Choices10. The second largest city in England, __D___ , is a metropolitan district and an industrial and manufacturing city.A. EdinburghB. BelfastC. GlasgowD. Birmingham11. Which is the largest city in Scotland? CA. CardiffB. EdinburghC. GlasgowD. Manchester12.The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The __B___ has very little power.A. queenB. monarchC. prime ministerD. kingIII. Gap-filling13. The total area of Britain is about_244110___ square kilometers.14. Britain is separated from the European continent by __North Sea____ and___Strait of Dover and_EnglishChannel_________.15. The capital of the Scotland is (1) ___Edinburgh_____, the capital of Wales is_Cardiff__ and the capital of Northern Ireland is (2) ___Belfast_____.16.___England_____ is the largest and most populous of the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain.17. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor___James Watt_____ modified and improved the design in 1765.Education of UKI. Decide whether the following statem ents are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided._T____1. Education in Britain is compulsory for children aged from 5 to 16._F____2. Like all British universities, Buckingham University is also partially funded by central government grants._T____3.Public schools are mainly financed by fees paid by parents.__F___4. Boarding private schools, such as Eton College, Harrow School are open to all in Britain and a large percentage of population can attend the schools.II. Multiple Choices5. Which one is not considered as the most famous boarding private schools in Britain? CA. Eton CollegeB. Harrow SchoolC. Woodland Junior SchoolD. Rugby School6. Normally, it will take ____A___ years to get an undergraduate degreeA. 3B. 4C. 5D. 27. Which of the following statements is not true about the comprehensive schools? AA. They are only taken students with good academic abilities.B. They provide a large range of secondary education.C. they are founded in 1960s and 1970s.D. Most grammar schools were replaced by comprehensive schools.III. Match the following items。

《英美概况》试题（附标准答案）

《英美概况》试题（附标准答案）《英美概况》试题(附答案)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：《英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies,6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A.Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years’ w ar starte d in ____ and ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB.C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position ofindustrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A.the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB.C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates’ courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London’s Metropolitan P olice Force is under the control of _____.A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free education。

成人教育《《英美概况》试题》期末考试复习题及答案评分标准

邯郸学院2018级函授本科《英美概况》试题姓名学号成绩年级专业（本试卷满分100分，考试时间110分钟）一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分）1. The hugest mountain peak in Britain is called _____.A. Ben Nevis.B. Cross FellC. SnowdownD. Scafell2. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth3. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois Revolution4. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive partly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all5. The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining industry6. The US Federal Government is composed of the following except _____.A. the legislativeB. the standing committeeC. the judicialD. the executive7. Of all the symbols, _______ , which are considered to represent fertility and new life: are those most frequently associated with Easter.A. the pumpkin and the turkeyB. the lamb and the beefC. the spring peas and the potatoesD. the egg and the rabbit8. The dominant ethnic group in the US is ____.A. the BlacksB. W ASPsC. Asian AmericansD. Hispanics9. The American Industrial Revolution began in 1807 with its ____ industry.A. shipbuildingB. coal-miningC. textileD. machine-making.10. The US imperialism was marked all of the following except ____.A. high developed industryB. high concentration of the capitalC. free business enterpriseD. overseas territorial expansion二、判断题（每小题1分，共10分）____ 1. The longest river in Britain is the Severn river.____ 2. The general election in America is held every 5 years.____ 3. With regard to its size, the USA is the fourth largest country in the world.____ 4. The House of Lord is the upper house of the British Parliament.____ 5. The established church of Britain is the Church of England.____ 6. Today about 90% of Americans are church members in the United States.____ 7. The American War of Independence started in 1775 and ended in 1783.____ 8. British Recorded history began with Roman invasion.____ 9. Under Mrs. Thatcher, British economy in 1980s gradually declined.____ 10. The colonial life can be described as easy.三、填空题（每空2分，共30分）1. Britain is separated from the European Continent by the North ______, the Strait of _________ and the English _________.2. Most of the British social customs are based on the __________ tradition.3. The Hundred Years’ War was between ___________ and ____________.4. __________ is the capital of England and of Great Britain, the political center of the Commonwealth.5. Renaissance was a ___________ movement that arose with the rise of the ____________.6. The United States of America is made up of ________states.7. The period of colonization covered the years from _________to_________, that is, from the first settlement of English colonists to the ____________of America.8. The distinctive feature of the American educational system is its “emphasis on education of the __________rather than on education of the ___________.”四、名词解释（每小题5分，共20分）1.Independent schools2.William the Conqueror3.Checks and balances4.the Bill of Rights五、问答题（每小题10分，共20分）1. What is a constitutional monarchy?2. What are the functions of Parliament?。

英美概况试题答案

英美概况模拟试题（一）一．1~5 abbdb 6~10 bdddc 11~15 aabdc 16~20aadcb二．1~5 FFFTF 6~10 TFTFF 11~15 TFFFT 16~20TFFFT三．1．On October 24, 1929, the American stock market crashed. Billions of dollars of paper profits were wiped out within a few hours. This led to a long economic depression.2. The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequences in socialand economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The Industrial Revolution in Britain first began in the textile industry.3. Since the United States is a nation of many ethnic groups, it is also known as a “melting pot,”meaning immigrants from different nations all over the world have mixed to make up the American nation.4. Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease spread byrat fleas. It spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England in the summer of 1348 without warning. It killed many people. As a result of the plague, much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of labor.5. The Constitution of the United States is the basic instrument of American government and the supremelaw of the land. It is the oldest written constitution in the world. It was drawn up in 1787 and went into effect in 1789. It founded federalism and introduced checks and balances into government for the first time in history.四．1. The Second War between America and England was during 1812~1814.2. The two major political parties in Britain are Conservative Party and Labor Party.3. Britain enjoys maritime climate.4. Richard Nixon was involved in Watergate Scandal.5. The most important river in Britain is Thames River.五． In 1066 the army of Willia m, Duke of Normandy, defeated King Harold’s troops. He was crowned King of England. He then built a string of defense castle ensure his military control of the whole country. This is the Norman Conquest in British history. After the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established, England.Relations with the Continent were opened. The civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners, and architecture ere introduced.英美概况模拟试题（二）一．1~5dbaca 6~10 cccdb 11~15 dbbca 16~20daccb二．1~5 FTTFF 6~10 TTTFF 11~15 FFTTT 16~20 FTTFT三．1． It refers to a series of measures taken by Franklin Roosevelt in 1932 to prevent the possible collapse of the American economic and political system.2． It was a movement of revolt in the 1960s against the moral values, the aesthetic standards, the personal behavior. and the social relations of conventional society.3． Each of the three branches of the government——the legislative, the executive and the judicial——has part of the powers but not all the power. Each branch can check, or block, the actions of the other branches. The three branches are thus in balance. This is called “checks and balances”.4． A constitutional monarchy is a county in which head of the state is a king or a queen. In practice, the Sovereign reigns, but does not rule. In English history, constitutional monarchy was established after Glorious Revolution in 1688.5． On September 22, 1862 during American Civil War, Lincoln issued the famous document Emancipation Proclamation which would become effective on January 1, 1863. it provided that all the black slaves in the rebelling states were freed and they were welcome to join the armed forces of the Union.四．1. The longest river in Britain is Severn river.2. The War of the Roses went on for 30 years.3. American Civil War began in 1861.4. The mainstream Americans are called WASPs.5. American Congress consists of Senate and House of Representatives.五．Some historians say that the world entered Cold War immediately after the Second World War ended. The conflicts arose basically from the separate concepts of postwar world order. The United States, relying on its large economic and military strength, tried to play the role of world police under the pretext of fighting against the Soviet expansion. The Soviet Union put forward the theory that there could be no long-term peaceful coexistence between socialism and capitalism and the Soviet Union should rapidly build up its strength for the final struggle against capitalism, represented by the United States and Britain. Cold War was characterized by international tension and con flicts without bloody “hot war” between the Soviet Union and the United States. Cold War did not end until after the collapse of Berlin Wall in 1989.英语国家概况参考答案I. 1C 2B3B4D5A6B7C8D9D10B11A12B13A14B15B16D17B18D19C20A21B22D23A24C25AII. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. T 11. F 12. T 13. T 14. F 15. TIII. 1. the feudal system 2. John Bunyon, John Milton 3. Teheran; Yalta; Potsdam 4. strong 5. industry; agriculture6. contributions national insurance, taxation7. formulate; supply8. abundant; raw9. one, one third 10. Northern Ireland 11. Northern Territory 12. School of the air 13. land; buy 14. macreconomic, microeconomic15. the Canadian Pacific Railway16. Parliamentary 17. Ben Nevis; 1,3000 18. England 19. Captain James Cook 20. the Great Depression 21. registration; wheels 22. Britain; Italy 23. trappers 24. Great Bear Lake; Great Slave Lake25. the Opposition, Shadow cabinet 26. the ministers 27. Hundred, ambitious 28. Cavaliers, Roundheads 29. House of Assembly 30. Acts; decisions 31. jobs, warsIV. 1. ThatcherismThe election of 1979 returned the Conservative Party to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain. Her policies are popularly referred to as Thatcherism. It included the return to private ownership of state - owned industries, the use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weakening of trade unions, the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, and an emphasis on law and order.2. diversity of American educationDiversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education. This can be seen not only in type, size and control of the institutions, but educational policies and practices. As is stated by the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, education is a function of the state, not the federal govemment. As each state has the freedom to develop its own school system and delegates its power over education to local districts, many variations can be found in the education system of the 50 states.3. the Canadian ShieldThe Canadian Shield is a semicircular band of rocky highlands and plateaus around Hudson Bay from the northern shores of Quebec to the Arctic shores of the Northwest Territories. It is a region of rounded hills, and tens of thousands of lakes and swamps.4. Australia's service industriesService industries are also called "tertiary industy". This sector now includes an additional "quaternary" level, which covers the research, processing and storage of information. Australia's service sector is the fastestgrowing one. It has been growing in importance, due to higher living standards and greater demand for more and better transport and housing, and the expansion by government of educational, health and welfare services.5. the New DealIn order to deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt put forward the New Deal program. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up many efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped to save American democracy and the development of American economy.V. 1. Look at a physical map of the United States and find out and name the main monition ranges, riversand lakes in the United States.There are two main mountain ranges in the United States. They are the Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky Mountains. There are many important rivers in the United States. The Mississippi River and its two branches, the Missouri River and the Ohio River, flow south to the Gulf of Mexico. On the Pacific side there are two great rivers: the Colorado River and the Columbia River. The Rio Grande River forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States. Other well known rivers include the Hudson River which meets the Atlantic Ocean at New Yurk and the Potomac boarding the national capital of Washington. The most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes. They are Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lade Michigan.2. How many constituencies are there in Britain today?How many members are there in the House of Commons?To hold general elections, Britain is divided into 651 constituencies, each of which returns one member to the House of Commons. There are 651 members in the House of Commnos.3. What were the effects of European settlement on the Aborigines?White settlement in 1788 proved disastrous for the Aborigines. (1) Aboriginal culture and society were totally disrupted because of a total conflict of cultures. (2) The loss o land to white people led to the breakdown of their tribal life because Aboriginal culture was based on the land. (3) After losing their land, Aborigines became dependent on white handouts. They copied the European habit of drinking alcohol, which destroyed large numbers of Aborigines. (4) The whites also brought many diseases which the Aborigines had no resistance to. (5) All these, combined with the violence between Europeans and Aborigines resulted in the drastically reduction in Aboriginal population. The Aborigines have always been in unfavorable position ever since 1788. The Aborigines still face legal, political, economic and social discrimination today.4. Sinn FeinSinn Fein was the Irish guerrilla movement that wrested independence from the British in 1921. It spit in 1921 over the Anglo - Irish Treaty and became two parties, Fianna Fail and Fine Gael, which remains to be the two major political parties in Ireland today.VI. 1. Tell briefly the history of the two - party system in the United States. What are the characteristics of the two major parties in the United States today?There nave been four periods in the history of the two - party system in the United States.(1) During the Ratification period, the first two major parties appeared. They were the Federalists and the Anti - Federalists. After the adoption of the Bill of Rights, the Anti - Federalists began to call themselves Democratic - Republicans. The Federalists gradually disintegrated. (2) After the 1828 election of Andrew Jackson, the Democratic - Republican Party split. The main faction led by Jackson was called the Whig Party which formed in 1834. As the struggle over slavery intensified, the majority of the Whig Party, part of the democrats, and other anti - slavery elements formed the Republican Party in 1854. (3) From 1860s to 1920s, the Republican Party dominated the political scene. (4) From the time of President Franklin Roosevelt to the 1980s, the Democratic Party was dominant, with short interruptions. Traditionally, the Democrats support government intervention in the economy and a strong social security system. While the Republicans stress the role of the market more and oppose large government social security programs. But the two parties are not really very different. They both believe in individualism, defend capitalism and uphold private ownership of means of production. Their organizations are both very loose. But they are both very significant in political life.答案：解答 A Beowulf是Anglo-Saxon时代留下的重要的古英语文学作品，它被认为是英国的民族史诗。

英美国家概况期末试题

Test Paper of An Introduction to English-speaking CountriesTest AI. Multiple Choice (20%)1. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called ________.[A] Ben Nevis [B] Cross Fell[C] Snowdon [D] Scafell2. The Lake District is well-known for________.[A] its wild and beautiful scenery [B] its varied lakes[C] the lake Poets [D] all of the above three3. Which of the following is NOT the feature of British climate?[A] Coldness. [B] More rainy days.[C] Changeability . [D] More fogs.4. The established church of Britain is ________.[A] The Church of Scotland [B] Free churches[C] The United Reformed Church [D] The Church of England5. Easter is kept, commemorating the ________of Jesus Christ.[A] coming [B] birth[C] death [D] resurrection6. Under Mrs. Thatcher, British economy in 1980s gradually ________.[A] declined [B] recessed[C] recovered [D] went down7. Tertiary industry does NOT include ________.[A] retailing [B] insurance[C] electronics [D] banking8. In Britain, government cannot spend any money without the permission of ________.[A] the Queen [B] the Prime Minister[C] the House of Commons [D] the House of Lords9. ________ is seen as the party of the “middle”, occupying the ideological gr ound between thetwo main parties.[A] The Conservative [B] The Labour[C] The Liberal Democratic [D] The Tory10. The general election in Britain is held every ________ years.[A] 3 [B] 4[C] 5 [D] 611. The earliest settlers on the British Isles were the ________.[A] Celts [B] Gaels[C] Iberians [D] Brythons12. In 43 A.D. Romans under ________ conquered Britain.[A] Julius Caesar [B] Claudius[C] Augustine [D] the Pope13. ________ launched the Hundred Years’ War.[A] Edward I [B] Edward II[C] Edward III [D] Henry III14. Black Death to some extent brought ________ to villains.[A] higher wages [B] greater freedom[C] better life [D] both A and B15. The British Industrial Revolution first began in the________ industry.[A] iron and steel [B] textile[C] coal-mining [D] ship-building16. The term “Rotten Boroughs” means ________.[A] boroughs that were rotten. [B] dirty boroughs[C] boroughs in which there were no inhabitants. [D] constituencies that were represented inthe House of Commons though there was not an inhabitant in it.17. The failure of the Chartist Movement was caused by the following reasons except________.[A] divided leadership [B] a strong party with socialism as its programme[C] influence of Utopian and petty-bourgeois ideologies [D] immaturity of the workingclass18. The author of “Wealth of Nations” is ________.[A] Adam Smith [B] David Ricardo[C] Thomas Malthus [D] Robert Owen19. Which is NOT the member country of the Triple Alliance？[A] Germany [B] France[C] Austria-Hungary [D] Italy20. Which was NOT the member country of the Triple Entente?[A] Britain. [B] France.[C] Russia. [D] Italy.II. Blank filling (10%)1. The present sovereign of Britain is Queen ________, and Prince ________ is the heir to thethrone.2. Theoretically, the Queen has all the power, but in reality, she must act on the advice of the________.3. Parliament is the supreme ________ authority in Britain.4. Parliament consists of the ________, the House of ________ and the House of ________.5. The presiding officer of the House of Commons is “ ________.”6. The British government is composed of the ________ Minister and other ministers, who areresponsible to the queen.7. The Cabinet is composed of the most ________ ministers who meet regularly under the call ofthe Prime Minister.III. True or false statement (10%)1. Kangaroo, emu and koala are unique animals of New Zealand.2. Queen Elizabeth II is the head of New Zealand.3. Australia is divided into six states and two territories.4. Queen Elizabeth II is the Queen of Australia. The Queen is represented by the Prime Ministerat federal level.5. The Commonwealth Parliament of Australia comprise the Queen, the Senate, and the House ofRepresentatives.6. The Queen is represented in the parliament of Australia by the Governor-General, who byconvention acts on the advice of the queen.7. From March 2005 to August 2006, New Zealand is the only country in the world in which allthe highest offices in the land have been occupied simultaneously by women.8. National anthem of Australia is “God Defend Australia”, while that of New Zealand is“Advance New Zealand Fair.”9. The political system of New Zealand is based upon a constitutional republic with aparliamentary democracy10. Parliament of New Zealand is made up of only one house.IV. Matching (10%)Column A Column B1. Liverpool a. the steel manufacturing center of Britain2. Hull b. the former center of textile industry of Britain3. Sheffield c. the fishing port in Humberside4. Manchester d. the largest city in Britain5. Glasgow e. the second largest city in Britain6. London f. the district of Merseyside7. Birmingham g. the largest city in Scotland8. Belfast h. the capital of Wales9. Edinburgh i. The capital of Northern Ireland10. Cardiff j. the capital of ScotlandV. Translation (10%)1. Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy2. APEC3. Common Market4. Crown Court5. Doomsday Book6. EU7. High Court of Justice 8. Roman Conquest9. stagflation 10. tertiary industriesVI. Term explanation (10%)1. the Cabinet2. Glorious RevolutionVII. Questions for discussion (30%)1. What were the consequences of the British Industrial Revolution?2. What’s your idea about the necessity for the UK to keep the monarchy (the queen or the king)?Answer Sheet (答题纸)班级_________ 学号_________ 姓名_________I. Multiple choice1. _____2. _____3. _____4. _____5. _____6. _____7. _____8. _____9. _____ 10. _____11. _____ 12. _____ 13. _____ 14. _____ 15. _____16. _____ 17. _____ 18. _____ 19. _____ 20. _____II. Blanking filling1. __________2. __________3. __________4. __________5. __________6. __________7. __________III. True or false statements1. _____2. _____3. _____4. _____5. _____6. _____7. _____8. _____9. _____ 10. _____IV. Matching1. _____2. _____3. _____4. _____5. _____6. _____7. _____8. _____9. _____ 10. _____V. Translation1. ______________________________2. ______________________________3. ______________________________4. ______________________________5. ______________________________6. ______________________________7. ______________________________8. ______________________________9. ______________________________ 10. ______________________________ VI. Term explanation1. the Cabinet2. Glorious RevolutionVII. Questions for discussion1. What were the consequences of the British Industrial Revolution?2. What’s your idea about the necessity for the UK to keep the monarchy (the queen or the king)?。

《最新英美概况》练习参考答案(英国部分) (1)

《最新英美概况》练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）==================================================== PART ONE The United Kingdom Chapter One The LandP. 6II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.2. Four. England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland.3. Yes, it was.4. No, it isn’t.5. The “British Isles” is a group of islands including Great Britain, Ireland, the Isleof Man, the Channel Islands, Shetland Islands, the Isle of Wight, and manyother smaller surrounding islands. There are two countries located on the islands:the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland.P. 10II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. England, Scotland, Ireland2. white, St. George, England, St. Andrew, Scotland, St. Patrick, IrelandIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3.T4. T5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. 1801.2. Because when the first version of the Union Flag appeared Wales was alreadyunited with England and was therefore represented by the flag of England.3. Australia, New Zealand, Tuvalu, Fiji.4. 1922.P. 12-13II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. TIII Answer the following questions.1. God Save the Queen.2. There are five verses in the full version of the song but usually only the first verseis sung on official occasions.3. It’s u nknown.4. It originated in a patriotic song, and first publicly performed in London in 1745.5. It is played whenever the Queen makes a public appearance, and is played by theBBC every night before closedown.P. 16-17I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 7.83 million, 3002. England3. three4. 19485. LondonII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. F5. FP. 20III Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea2. Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland3. France4. the North Sea, the Irish Sea, the Atlantic Ocean5. a sixthIV Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TV Answer the following questions.1. No.2. It covers about 245,000 square kilometers or 94,600 square miles.3. It is about 1,000 kilometers (600 miles) long, and the widest part of Britain isabout 480 kilometers.4. It has a land boundary with the Republic of Ireland as long as 434 kilometers(270 miles).5. Scotland.P. 23-24II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. highland, lowland2. coastal areas, Scotland, Wales3. Severn, Thames4. Clyde5. The Dee6. Bann7. Lough Neagh, Lower Lough ErneIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Scotland and Wales are the most mountainous parts of the UK.2. 94.3. It’s Ben Nevis in Scotland, with a height of 1,344 metres (4,409 feet) above sealevel.4. Scotland.5. Owing to a relatively small island, the UK’s rivers are not very long.P. 25I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. coal2. iron ore3. tin4. those used in the construction and building industries such as sand and gravel,limestone and gypsumII Answer the following questions.1. They are coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore, tin, zinc, gold, chalk, salt, clay, limestone,gypsum, lead, silica, and so on.2. Coal.3. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 in the West Sole area of the North Sea.4. Oil was discovered in 1970 under the North Sea.5. Because coal can be produced more cheaply in other countries.6. The tin-mining industries have been hard hit by competition from cheaperoverseas producers, and by changes in government policy.P. 27II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. unique2. cool, mild3. 32, about4.44. west, south5. average annual temperature, average winter rainfallIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Such a statement has been made because of the changeability of the weatherconditions in Britain that can change so much from day to day, season to season.2. It can be as hot as 32°C (90°F), but mostly it only reaches 26°C.3. It’s about4.4°C.4. It originated in a patriotic song, and first publicly performed in London in 17455. They are probably May, June, September and October.P. 40I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1.England, Guildhall, St. Paul’s Cathedral, the Tower Bridge2. second, Athens of the North3. industrialized, the Industrial Revolution, fastest growing city4. the House’s Parliament, the two House’s of Parliament, Big Ben5. William the Conqueror, a royal residence, prison of state, Jewel House6. at the foot of the basalt cliffs, 40,000 massive black basalt columnsII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. T5. T6. FIII Answer the following questions.1. Manchester. Manchester United FC and Manchester City.2. Liverpool.P. 42-43I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 9, 322. 26, 63. 17, 3, 144. islandII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. D3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. An overseas territory is under British sovereignty but does not form part of theUK itself; a crown dependency is also under sovereignty of the UK but has adifferent constitutional relationship.2. Yes.Chapter Two The People and Their CultureP. 48I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, twenty-second2. 80.05, 77.95, 82.253. medical advances in the treatment of many illnesses and diseases4. Scotland5. 80 percent6. England, 3957. 4,700II Answer the following questions.1. 62,262,000.2. The chief reasons are 1) the increase in births and decrease in deaths; 2) theincrease in net international migration to the UK; and 3) the increase in lifeexpectancy.3. It is 0.6 percent.4. It is 2.6 migrant(s) per 1,000 population.5. It was 256 people per square kilometer.P. 49Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Immigration and migration from other countries2. 92.13. 8%4. 0.45. 2P. 52-53II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, Mandarin Chinese and Spanish2. English3. the three countries in Britain and Northern Ireland in Ireland, the four countriesthemselves4. Welsh, Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic, Cornish5. secondIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Approximately 375 million people.2. Beside English there are also four Celtic languages in use in the UK, such asWelsh, Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic and Cornish.3. Because of the USA’s dominance of cinema, television, popular music, trade andtechnology (including the Internet).4. The major differences are in phonology, phonetics, vocabulary, grammar andspelling.P. 56-57II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Christianity2. Roman Catholic, England3. Scotland4. Roman Catholic, the Presbyterian Church5. immigration6. 152,000III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Christianity.2. Queen Elizabeth II.3. Yes, they are.4. The Roman Catholic Church.5. The Roman Catholic Church.P. 60-61I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. conservative2. the weather3. Trooping the colour, Changing of the Guard4. Foot Guard, Household Cavalry5. palaceII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. D4. D5. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. It is true, its conservatism has something to do with the fact that Britain is anisland isolated from the European Continent and its weather is frequentlychanging.2. It was for the soldiers to recognize their own regiment as soon as possible. Itoften takes place in London annually on the second Saturday in June.P. 67-68I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the death and his resurrection2. exchanging gifts, decorating Christmas trees, attending church, sharing mealswith family and friends, waiting for Father Christmas to arrive3. the seed of life4. go trick-or-treating and carve pumpkins5. slaveryII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. D4. C5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. It commemorates all those men and women who were killed during the two WorldWars and other conflicts.2. In the past, hunting fox was a popular sport among the upper classes. Now horsingracing and football are popular.3. Fasting is to develop patience and self-control, to learn sympathy for the deprived,to cleanse the body and mind, to gain appreciation for Allah's bounty, todemonstrate the depth of one's commitment, and to protect against sin.There are, then, three levels of the Ramadan fast:-Refraining from the physical things that are forbidden (performed with the mouth/stomach/sexual organs).-Restraining oneself from saying, hearing and looking at forbidden things (performed with the senses).-Renewing one's devotion to Allah (performed with the heart and mind).P. 71-72I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. welfare, from-cradle-to-grave2. the National Health Service3.the retirement pension4. accidental injury at work, the conditions5. the Beveridge ReportII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. F5.FP. 78I Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2.D3. D4. D (40改成47)5. CII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. F5. FP. 83I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. football2. Manchester United, Arsenal, Liverpool3. Wimbledon, Australian Open, French Open, US Open4. 18, 17, 15. Formula 1 British Grand Prix, the Wales Rally GB, the Festival of SpeedII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. FIII Answer the following questions.1. Football, rugby, cricket, golf, tennis, hockey, etc.2. Watchers can bet a horse to be thought to win.3. The Football Association Challenge Cup (英格兰足总杯). It is the oldest footballcompetition in the world, founded in 1872. It's the competition that provides theopportunity for small, part-time clubs to potentially go head to head with the bigclubs of the Premiership.P. 88-89I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. freedom of the press, conflicts, freedom of access to information, the interests ofthe public, the privacy, individual2. entertainment, public opinion, political3. news, entertainment, sports4. the Times, the Guardian, the Daily Telegraph, the Financial Times5. BBC One, BBC Two, ITV, Channel Four, Channel FiveII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. A3. B4. B5. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3.F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. They are central to British leisure culture.2. Because it can bring buyers and sellers together, provide people with theinteractive platforms, and people can use it to do digital marketing, e-commerce,management, etc.P. 93-94I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 37, 1542. evolutionary, natural selection, The Origin of Species, The Descent of Man.3. James Cook4. Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, James Cook, Stephen Hawking, WinstonChurchill, Diana SpencerII Answer the following questions.1. Stephen Hawking is a British theoretical physicist noted for his research into theorigin of the universe. His work influenced the development of the big bang andblack hole theories.2. He was the 20th century's most famous and celebrated Prime Minister who ledBritain to victory in World War Two. He worked tirelessly throughout the war,building strong relations with US President Roosevelt while maintaining asometimes difficult alliance with the Soviet Union.Chapter Three A Brief History of the United KingdomP. 97-98I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Ice Age2. Beaker Folk3. The Celts4. the Irish, the Welsh5. DruidismII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Between 3000 and 2000 BC2. Three Waves. The first wave was the Gaels who came around 600 BC; thesecond wave was the Britons who came around 400 BC, and the third wave wasthe Belgae who came around 150 BC.3. The Celts, a taller and fairer race than the people who had come before, began toarrive in Britain at about 700 BC and kept coming until the arrival of theRomans.P. 100-101I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Julius Caesar2. 433. Boadica, Londinium4. 410 AD5. YorkII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. D3. C4. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Between 55 and 54 BC.2. The invasion of British Isles.3. Firstly, the resistance of the British people was strong. Secondly, Roman troopswere often withdrawn from Britain to fight in other parts of the Roman Empire.4. 400 years.5. The Romans also made good use of Britain’s natural resources, minin g lead, ironand tin and manufacturing pottery, etc.P. 104I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. The Jutes, Saxons and Angles2. English3. Mercia, Offa’s Dyke4. St. Augustine5. Archbishop of CanterburyII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A2. C3. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3.T4. TIV Answer the following questions.1. The seven kingdoms are: Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia andNorth Umbria.2. The names Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday derive from the names ofthe gods of Anglo-Saxons’ Teutonic religion: Tiu, the god of war, Wooden, king ofheaven, Thor, the god of storms, and Freya, goddess of peace.3. Firstly, they divided the country into shires, with shire courts and shire reeves, orsheriffs, responsible for administering law. Secondly, they devised thenarrow-strip, three-field farming system in use up to the 18th century. Thirdly,they also established the manorial system. Finally, they created the Witan toadvise the king, the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.P. 106-107I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Edward2. William the Conqueror3. William (此题印刷有错，需把句子中的William删掉)II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. D3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. TIV Answer the following question1.Edward was called Edward the Confessor as he was a very religious man andwould often go to church and confess to sins. The title "confessor" alsodistinguished this Edward from Edward the Martyr (c962-979). Edward was latermade a saint, due to his building of Westminster Abbey and efforts in otherchurches.2.The Norman Conquest replaced the loosely organized Anglo-Saxon kingdomwith a feudal system based on land ownership by a hereditary aristocracy thatowed its position - and therefore lands and loyalty - to a strong central authoritywith a hereditary succession. In addition, there were other changes such as inEnglish emigration and Norman immigration, women’s rights, language, etc.3.There are four. They were the King of Norway, the Duke of Normandy, and twobrothers of Edward’s Queen, named Edith, and Harold Godwinson.P. 110-111I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. an English charter2. 1337, 14533. territorial, economic4. 1348 - 1350II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. C3. B4. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Feudalism in England was established by William the Conqueror and theNormans following the defeat of the English Anglo Saxons at the Battle ofHastings in 1066.2. Magna Carta is an English charter, originally issued by King John of England atRunnymede in the English county of Surrey under compulsion from the churchand his barons on 15 June 1215. The charter was reissued later for several timesin modified versions which omitted certain temporary provisions, including themost direct challenges to the monarch's authority, which had a huge influenceon the developing legal system of England.3. The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France and their variousallies for control of the French throne. It was the result of a dynasticdisagreement dating back to William the Conqueror who became King ofEngland in 1066, while remaining Duke of Normandy. As dukes of Normandyand other lands on the continent, the English kings owed homage to the Kingof France. In 1337 Edward III of England refused to pay homage to Philip VIof France, leading the French king to claim confiscation of Edward's lands inAquitaine.4. The war was in fact a series of separate wars and is commonly divided intothree phases. First, the English won a great naval victory at Sluys in 1340, thenan equally decisive land battle near Calais at Crecy in 1346. Then the Englishwent on to take Calais; and in 1356 at Poitiers they won another victory overthe French King who was taken prisoner and held to ransom.5. The Black Death was one of the most devastating epidemic diseases in humanhistory, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1349, and killing nearly half ofEurope’s population. Additionally, The Black Death is thought to have startedin Asia. It then travelled along the Silk Road and reached the Crimea by 1346.From there, it was probably carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black ratsthat were regular passengers on merchant ships. All in all, the plague reducedthe world population from an estimated 450 million to a number between 350and 375 million in the 14th century. Moreover, the impact of the Black Deathupon the future of England was greater than upon any other European country.The Black Death has been seen as creating a series of religious, social andeconomic upheavals which changed the face of the English society in aprofound way.P. 115I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 1642-1646, 1647-16492. Puritan Revolution3. overthrew, foundation, beginning4. the Glorious Revolution of 16885. The Bill of RightsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. A3. D4. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. FP. 118I Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. B3. A4. D5. CII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. TIII Answer the following questions.1. The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processesthat occurred in the period from about 1760 to some time between 1820 and1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines,new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved efficiencyof water power, the increasing use of steam power and development of machinetools. The transition also included the change from wood and other bio-fuels tocoal. The Industrial revolution began in England and within a few decadesspread to Western Europe and the United States.2. The accumulation of capital; the development of capitalist farming; theappearance of a labour reserve; and the expansion of markets, domestic andforeign.3. The Industrial Revolution promoted the development of production. Within a short period the Industrial Revolution took over all industries in Britain and replaced other systems of production. And it improves the living standards. Much of the laboring population, previously largely employed in agriculture, moved to the industrial towns and cities, where they were housed and employed in often miserable and squalid conditions. And etc.4. The industrial revolution was a period in Britain from mid-1700s to themid-1800s in which power-driven machines in factories replaced manual labor.The industrial revolution resulted from advances in applied science and engineering, such as the development of steam engines (especially those of the inventor James Watt). Much of the laboring population, previously largely employed in agriculture, moved to the industrial towns and cities, where they were housed and employed in miserable conditions.5. The causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution are complicated and remaina topic for debate. The reference answer is as follows:Causes:-Iron renovations: stronger, better quality iron-Labor surplus—more jobs, more people to do jobs-Stable agricultural society—the agricultural revolution improved food supply and quality; created a strong base for industrialization-High food supply—stated above; more farmland + more transportation = more crops-Ready capital—constant supply of money-Population growth—due to food supply-Government allowed fencing off lands—peasants now needed work after being kicked off private farmland-Entrepreneurs—people wanted to make money through new ways andopportunities-Plentiful natural resources—rivers = water power for steam engine andtransportation, iron ore and coal = fuel-Relatively free society—government usually exhibited laissez faire (let people do what they want), economy regulated itself, ideas circulated freely-Ready market—ships could deliver and transport-Stable governmen t—strong central government to support the peopleEffects:-Better transportatio n—faster, cheaper-Long distance communication s—telegraphs, etc. linked nations from coast to coast-Money to be mad e—capitalism: investments, inventing, selling, producing-Bad working condition s—disease, deformations, long, hard hours-Child abuse-New invention s—locomotives (railroads), purer iron, factories, spinning jenny, steam engines, steamboats...etc-Rural workers became urban workers-Increased production rates (everything machine made)-Family life disrupted—families were separated, women and children alsolabored-Bad pay—women paid half or less than men-Migration and population boom in cities—everyone flocked to cities to workin factories-Industrialization "age"—spread to Europe and around the world-Social classes formed—industrial middle class and industrial working classesemerged-Industrial capitalism took hold—economic system of manufacturingP. 121I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. The Reform Act2. The New Poor Law3. charter of political demands (A People's Charte)4. Moral Force Chartists, Physical Force ChartistsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. B3. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Charter Movement was a movement for political and social reform in Britainduring the mid-19th century, between 1838 and 1850. In the years 1839, 1842 and1848, the Chartist Movement urged Parliament to adopt three great petitions. Ofthese, the best known is the final petition, with six million signatures (although anumber of these were later found to be fake), presented to Parliament on 10thApril 1848 after a huge meeting on Kennington Common. This event achievedgreat prominence in the story of Chartism, due largely to the reaction of theauthorities as they faced the challenges of that turbulent year.2. Between 1832 and 1884 three Reform Bills were passed in the British parliament.The Reform Act of 1832 abolished “rotten Boroughs”, and redistributedparliamentary seats more fairly among the growing towns. It also gave the vote tomany householders and tenants, based on the value of their property. The NewPoor Law of 1834 forced the poor people into work houses instead of giving themsufficient money to survive in their own homes. The 6 points in the People’sCharter were achieved very gradually over the period of 1858-1918, although thesixth has never been practical. Lenin said the Chartist Movement was "the firstbroad, really mass, politically formed, proletarian revolutionary movement."3. The movement failed for a number of reasons:-It failed to obtain parliamentary support for the Charter.-The middle-classes ignored, shunned or condemned Chartism.-Chartists were divided among themselves.-Government handled the movement firmly and calmly.-Chartist demands were too drastic.-There was too much diversity in the intellectual and ideological aims ofChartism.-Other movements offering more immediate and tangible benefits attractedchartists.-The socio-economic position improved after 1842. Prosperity eliminated masssupport.-Chartism and the Chartists were made to look ridiculous after KenningtonCommon, and the failure of the Land Plan.-The changing sociology of England after railways fragmented the apparent unityof the working classes.P. 124I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the 16th century, 15832. England, Scotland3. Jamestown4. 22.5 million5. the 20th centuryII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. A3. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. TP. 128I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Entente Powers, Central Powers of Germany2. Britain, economy3. New York stock market4. Battle of Britain5. ConservativeII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1.T2. T3. F4. FIII Answer the following questions.1. The assassination on 28 June 1914 of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, theheir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by a Yugoslav nationalist in Sarajevo,Bosnia was the spark of the war. It resulted in a Habsburg ultimatum against theKingdom of Serbia. Several alliances formed over the previous decades wereinvoked, so, within weeks, the major powers were at war; via their colonies, theconflict soon spread around the world.2. Britain was one of the main countries fighting on the side of the Entente againstthe Central Powers. Britain, together with its empire, went to war early in August1914 and fought for the entire duration of the war.3.World War Two began in September 1939 when Britain and France declared waron Germany following Germany's invasion of Poland. Although the outbreak of。

《英美概况》试题(附答案)word文本

英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth1. The highest mountain in Britain isA. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames2. The longest river in Britain is3. The largest lake in Britain isA. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly fromA. EuropeB. the UnitedC. AfricaD. the West IndiesStates6. The first inhabitants in Britain wereA. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began withA. Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, ___actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day __, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 __summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.12. The Hundred Years ' war srttaed in __________ and ended in ________ , in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of .A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _ years and king _________ was replaced by king __ .A. 30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in __ in the early _ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called .A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In ___, a small group of Puritans sailed from i n the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. ___ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January __ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after __ , Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.22. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except .A. the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB. C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain ' s foreign trade is mainly with _ .A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by .A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every years and there are __ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by and he or she always sits in .A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in .A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include .A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _______________________________ passes sentenced and decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. __ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates ' courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London ' s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of .A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in ______________________________ and based at first on ____________________________________________________ .A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except .A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that __ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend .A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some __ universities, including the Open University.A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except .A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology43. The nation ' s capital city Washington D.C. and New York ar e located in ___________________A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America ' s most important __________ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that .A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _ .A. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 192447. The first immigrants in American history came from _______________ and .A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/Netherland48. Uncle Tom ' s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the A. early settlers B. Puritans C. native Indians D. black slaves。

英美概况期末考试答案

American Beginnings1. What were the new and powerful social forces which led to the awakening of Europe and the discovery of America? P34 The first force was the development of capitalism. The growth of capitalism produced two new classes-the bourgeoisie [ˌbʊrʒwɑː'ziː]and the working class with the development of commerce and trade, the bourgeoisie become increasingly powerful in politics as well as in economy, so they wanted to share more power with feudal lords.The second force was the Renaissance ['renəsɑːns], which was marked by a changing outlook on life.The third force was the Religious Reformation, a religious force movement that started from Germany.2. What was the unique American phenomenon? How did it come into being? Do you think it still exi sts in today’s American society? P36The enactment [ɪ'næktmənt of laws for the colony and the enslavement of Africans combined constituted a unique American phenomenon..on the one hand, the English and other Europeans went to North America for seeking freedom. On the other hand, these very white people who were seeking and fighting for their ownfreedom deprived black Africans of their freedom.On July 30, 1619, the first meeting of an elected legislature, a representative assembly, was held in Virginia. A month later, still in Virginia, a Dutch ship brought in over 20 Negroes as servants for a term of years to make a start toward the enslavement of Africans within what was to be the American republic.This phenomenon still exists in today’s American socie ty, such as the racial discrimination. Until now, the black people still receive the unfair prejudice. However, the society in America is full of freedom, especially to the white people. They have a lot of rights in their life.3. In what way did the pattern of founding of Maryland influence American culture?In 1648, Lord Baltimore appointed a Protestant governor, and the next year, the Maryland Toleration Act, which assured freedom of worship to all who believed in Jesus Christ, was passed.Because the protestant majority were capitalistic-minded people and refused to carry out the feudal plan, and because the wilderness of North America provided plenty of land while labor was scarce, it was impossible for Lord Baltimore to havehis feudal plan executed. Not long after the founding of his colony, the feudal experimental plan was dropped, and the colony, like other colonies in North America, followed a capitalist development road.4. In what way did Puritanism influence American culture? P37-38The Puritans believed that everyone had a calling, which was given by God. Working hard and living a moral life were their ethics, and they concluded that the Bible was the authority of their doctrine, so education was essential for Puritans.The Puritans hoped to bu ild “a city upon hill”-an ideal community. Since that time, Americans have viewed their country as a great experiment, a worthy model for other nations. This sense of mission has been very strong in the minds of many Americans.New England also established another American tradition—a strain of often intolerant moralism. The Puritans believed that governments should enforce God's morality. They strictly punished drunks, adulterers, violators of the Sabbath and other religious believers different from themselves. Roger Williams, one of the Puritans who protested that the state should not interfere with religion, was driven out of Massachusetts. In 1635,he set up Rhode Island colony, which guaranteed religious freedom and the separation of Church and state. The Puritans also have left rich cultural heritage to future Americans. The American values such as individualism, hard work, respect of education owe very much to the Puritan beliefs.The Political System1. What is a federal system?A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, with some rights reserved to each. The Constitution specified exactly what power the central government had and which power was reserved for the states.2. How did the delegates from the early British colonies design the constitution?In the course of the Convention, the delegates designed a new form of government for the United States. The plan for the government was written in very simple language in a document called the Constitution of the United States. In writing the Constitution, the delegates had to deal with two main fears shares by most Americans.3. What were the two main fears shared by Americans while writing the constitution and how did they deal with them?P52-53One fear was that one person or group, including the majority, might became too powerful or be able to seize control of the country and create a tyranny. To guard against this possibility, the delegates set up a government consisting of three parts, or branches, the executive, the legislative and the judicial. Each branch has a way of counteracting and limiting any wrongful action by another branch.Another fear was that the new central government might weaken or taken away the power of the state governments to run their own affairs. To deal with this the Constitution specified exactly what power the central government had and which power was reserved for the states. The states were allowed to run their own governments as they wished, provided that their governments were republican.4. What is the Executive Branch? P137The chief executive is the president, who is elected to four-year term. A president can be elected only two terms according to an amendment passed in 1951. The president can propose legislation to Congress and veto any bill passed by Congress. He is the commander in chief of the armed forces. The president has other broad authorities in running thegovernment department and handling foreign relations. Except for the right of succession to the presidency, the vice president’s only constitutional duties are to serve as the presiding officer of the senate; the vice president may vote in the senate only in the event of a tie.5. What is the Bill of Rights? Why is it necessary to write the Bill of Rights explicitly into the US Constitution? P56It’s another basic foundation in Americans’ constitution. It consists of 10 very short paragraphs which guarantee freedom and individual rights and forbid interference with lives of individuals by the government. Each paragraph is an amendment to the original Constitution. In the Bill of Rights, Americans are guarantee freedom of religion, of speech and of the press. They have the right to assemble in public places, to protest government actions and to demand change. They have the right to own weapons if they wish.Economy1. What is the current economic position of America in the world?◇“superpower” in world affairs;◇dominant position of the dollar “Bretton Woods system”＊the US has the largest and the most technologically powerfuleconomy in the world, with a per capital GDP of $46,000. (ranked No.9 in the world)＊It is the only superpower in the world. With about 5% of the world’s population, the US produces about 27% of the total world output. (ranked No.1 in total amount in the world)＊the US firms are at or near the forefront in technological advances, especially in computers and in medical, aerospace, nuclear energy, electronics and the military equipment.＊the US is still the largest automobile maker of the world. It is a major buyer and the seller in the world market.＊the US dollar is still used as an international currency and many other currencies are pegged to it.2. What are the five stages of industrial development? P65-67 One key development was the introduction of the factory system, which gathered many workers together in one workplace and produced goods for distribution over a wide area.A second development was the “American system” of mass production which originated in the firearms industry about 1800.A third development was the application of new technologies to industrial tasks.A forth development was the emergency of new forms of business organization, notably the bank and the corporation, which facilitated the growth of industry.Finally, the construction of railroads beginning in the 1830s, marked the start of a new era for the United States3. What are the roots of affluence in America? P691. The vast dimensions and ample natural resources of the United States proved from the first to be a major advantage for national economic development.2. A population of more than 310 million people provides both workers and consumers for American businesses.3. A mobility in the American population contributes a useful flexibility to business life.4. The entrepreneurial spirit finds its outlet in such business activities as manufacturing, transporting, buying and selling.5. The governmental powers were limited while widening opportunities for individual initiative.4. What are the main sectors of industry in America? Name some of the important cities representing each sector.1. Manufacturing industry: Chicago2. high-tech industry: Los Angeles, California3. Heavy industry: Pittsburgh4. Service industry: New York, Seattle5. Aviation: Houston6. Car industry: DetroitEducation1. How did America change the way of education to teach the children to be world citizens? P122In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled that the practice f segregation blacks into separate schools was unconstitutional. Between 1950 and 1960, more and more new knowledge was developed than in all of the world’s history before 1950. Schools were asked not only to teach this new information, but to help students ask their own questions about it.The “inquiry” method of learning,focusing on solving problems rather than memorizing facts.More science courses were added to the curriculumThe federal government began to spend millions for the development of new science curricula and for training teachers to use them.2. How do Americans apply for a university? P123Their high school records (GPA)The recommendation from their high school teachersThe scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SATs)The impression they make during interview at the university3. What are the categories of higher institutions in America?1. the university, which may contain:(a)several colleges for undergraduate students seeking a bachelor’s degree and (b)one or more graduate schools for those continuing in specialized studies beyond the bachelor’s degree to obtain a master’s or a doctoral degree;2. the four-year undergraduate institution-most of which are not part of a university;3. the technical training institution, at which high school graduates may take courses ranging from six months to four years in duration and learn a wide variety of technical skills, from hair styling through business accounting to computer programming;4. the two-year, or community college, from which students may enter many professions or may transfer to four-year colleges or universities.4. What factors that determine the best prestige of a university? Quality of teaching faculty, quality of research facilities; amount of founding available for libraries, special programs, ect.; and the competence and number of applicants for admission, i.e., how selective the institution can be inchoosing its students.5. How to select a college or a university? Name all the members of the Ivy League. P124-125What degrees does the school offer? How long does it take to earn one?What curricula does a college or university offer? What are the requirements for earning a degree?Is the college or university a public institution or a private one? If it is private, is it a religious school?How large is the school?Columbia, Cornell, Brown, Harvard, Yale, Princeton University, Dartmouth College, the University of Pennsylvania,6. Explain why Americans respect education.It was influenced by the puritan, who concluded that the Bible was the authority of their doctrine, so every puritan must read the Bible to contact with God. To be able to read the Bible and understand God’s will, education was essential for puritans. So as a tradition, American respect education.In American, education is a national concern, a state responsibility, and a local function. Americans believe that it could promote both their own individual welfare as well as that of the general though education.7. What degrees do undergraduate colleges and graduate schools offer?undergraduate colleges_ Bachelor’s degreegraduate schools_ master’s degree and Doctor’ s degree. 8. What are the functions of the boards of education?The Board of Education in each state or district decides the spending, curriculum, teacher standard and certification, and the overall measurement of student progressAmerican Way of Life1. What are the stereotypes about the USA?1. All Americans are rich. The US has the largest and most technologically powerful economy in the world. Over the last 40 years the percentage officially classified as living in poverty has fluctuated between 11% and 15% of the population.2. American society is violent. About 25% of Americans own a gun. Crime rates remain notably higher than in China. About 1% of the population is in prison, the highest ratio in the world.3. American families are in disarray. High divorce rate –50%. Less than half of American children today are raised with and by their birth-parents.4. Americans are all religious. 85% of Americans say they believe in God. The other 15% is mostly divided between thosewho say they are atheists or agnostics.5. Americans are optimistic. One of the American value is future orientation. An upbeat expectation of a bright future has been part of the American heritage from the colonial beginnings.2. What are the metaphors that have been used as the national self-images and why did they lose their credibility? P173-174• Melting pot: America is a nation of immigrants. After World War II, the Anglophile WASPs lost their privileged position.• Salad Bowl: The metaphor Salad Bowl was understood to be made up of many different components that each retained its characteristic flavor, color and texture.But salads quickly decay, making this metaphor not very satisfactory as a national self-image.• Mosaic: A mosaic is made of up small ceramic peices of different colors and shapes.But a mosaic, once it is made, never changes.• Kaleidoscope: The patterns in the kaleidoscope were not at all fixed. The different beads reflected the many different groups that have gone into making up the American population.But the ease with which the kaleidoscopic patterns changedwas problematic – too changeable.3. Why is the Internet an up-to-date metaphor used to encapsulate the USA? P175The reasons behind this suggestion go far beyond the fact that the WWW [world wide web] originating in the USA, is a central technology for modern life that has now spread all over the world. The Internet has several characteristics that seem consonant with the USA today.1 .the no center.2. No one is reliably in charge.3. Each individual must take responsibility for what he or she takes seriously: all of them important features of the American way of life.4. Why is America said to be a society of violence? What is the NRA?Americans are aware that certain neighborhoods are likely to be dangerous. Crime rates in the USA, despite sharp declines in recent years, remain notably higher than in China (or in Europe). About 1% of the population is in prison, the highest ratio in the world, partly because the justice system works hard to pursue criminals. Also crimes are associated with guns, which are more freely owned and used in the USA than elsewhere. About 25%of Americans own a gun. Overall, there is more violence in American life than in other industrialized countries, and the threat of violence is often played up by the news media. Hence many Americans are conscious of the threat of violence and take measures to avoid it.National Rifle Association is a private organization, makes a great public display of opposing any laws that might restrict gun ownership.5. What are the reasons for the changing marriage pattern in the USA? What is its effect on USA way of life?1. World war ii, most families were patriarchal, that is, dominated by the senior male as husband and father.2. The newer, more egalitarian, kind of family has been described as “nurturing- power” family, in which parents regard themselves more as “partners” and encourage their children to become independent by making their own decision.3. The “no-fault” divorce laws are introduced in the late 1970s and now realy universal in American states.The effect of these shifting marriage patterns is to diminish the authority of parents in relation to their children. Many young people listen to their peers more than to their parents. Youth culture flourishes, encouraged by entertainment industrialsthat have grown up to cater young tastes: pop music, text-messaging. Keep-in-contact websites like Facebook and Twitter. As a long-term result, traditional values do not transmit readily from one generation to the next, reducing the chances for a national consensus on public issues.-- The End。

《最新英美概况》练习参考答案解析[美国部分]

《最新英美概况》练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）====================================================PART TWO The United StatesChapter Eight The LandP. 209—210I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the Star-Spangled Banner, Defense of Fort McHenry, 1812.2. the Stars and the Stripes, Old Glory, the Star-Spangled Banner.3. The White House, The Capitol, The Pentagon.4. June, 14th, June 14th.5. the Potomac, no state, the Federal government.6. 36, 36 states.7. Amerigo Vespucci, American War of Independence.8. Pierre L’Enfant, light, service.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. D3. C4. A B C D5. C DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. (1) At first the Continent was named as “America” after explorer AmerigoVespucci.(2) During the American War of Independence, the former British colonies firstused “the thirteen united States of America” in the Declaration of Independence.(3) The official name of America was adopted on November 15, 1777, when theSecond Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation.2. The 50 stars represent the 50 States, while the 13 stripes represent theoriginal thirteen colonies.White indicates purity and innocence; red indicates valour and bravery, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice; it is also a symbol of respect to God.3. The stars and strips have different meanings.Each star represents each state in America, while strips represent the original thirteencolonies before the independence of America.4. (1) The lyrics of the national anthem come from “Defense of Fort McHenry”,a poem written during the War of 1812.The poem was set to the tune of a popular British drinking song, “The AnacreonticSong” (or “To Anacreon in Heaven”).(2) The Star-Spangled Banner was used officially by the Navy in 1889, and wasmade the national anthem by congress on March 3, 1931, which was signed by President Herbert Hoover.5. The White House was built in1792 and its original color was grey.During the War of 1812, it was badly damaged by the British troops, and in 1814 it was repainted white.President Roosevelt named it “White House” in the 1940s.P. 213I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the central part of, Mexico and Gulf of Mexico, east, west.2. 48, Hawaii, Alaska.3. the Rio Grande, Pacific.4. 9,629,091, the third, Canada.5. Alaska, Texas.6. Arctic, glaciers.II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. F5. FIII Answer the following questions.1. (1) The Atlantic coast, the Pacific coast and Hawaii provide convenient searoutes for foreign trade.(2) The long coastline with many harbors and inlets provides favorableconditions for foreign trade and the fishing industry.(3) Mainland America, mainly within the northern temperate zone, is favorablefor agriculture.2. The U.S. and Canada share the “world's longest undefended border.” The borderwas demilitarized after the War of 1812 and has remained peaceful. Military collaboration began during World War II and continued throughout the Cold War on both a bilateral basis and a multilateral relationship through NATO. Both countries are NATO members and have high military interdependency, inparticular, during the Cold War against Soviet threat.Today Canadians and Americans are in close cultural proximity, sharing the same language, similar religion and political systems as well as many values.Their economic relations are so close (they have been each other’s No. 1 trading partner for years) that the two countries have established the North American Free Trade Agreement, the world’s largest free-trade zone. Both enjoy the most developed and richest economies in the world as well as a comparable standard of living (Canada’s welfare system is even more comprehensive and covers more widely).To guard the over 8000-kilometer long land border is not only expensive but also unnecessary (in a sense, impossible, because it is too long), because neither people worry that their neighbors would cross the border on a large scale or stay in their country for a long time.3. The border between the U.S. and Mexico is heavily guarded (mostly on the Americanside) against illegal immigrants entering the U.S. while people can enter Mexico freely. The cause is mostly economic rather than political. There is a huge disparity in the standard of living between the U.S. and Mexico whose per capita GDP is only about 20% that of the U.S. (2012 World Bank statistics). It is estimated six out of the eleven million illegal immigrants living in the U.S.are Mexicans, and millions more plan to enter the U.S. They try to benefit from the American business or job opportunities or from the American welfare system or even to engage in drug-trafficking and smuggling. Another purpose is to combat crime and terrorism, particularly after the 9.11 terrorist attacks. The U.S.-Mexican border areas witness the most serious drug-trafficking and gang violence in the world. Some Mexicans, in particular those haunted by the serious drug-related violence in recent years, try to escape from the violence in Mexico by moving to the U.S. In a word, if the US-Mexico border is open and unguarded as the U.S.-Canada border, there would be millions of Mexicans trying to migrate to America so that the consequent problems would be very difficult for the U.S.deal with.4. Alaska, facing Russia across Bering Strait, is located between the Arctic andPacific oceans, so it’s important for strategic position and transportation.5. Hawaii, like a chain of beads, is located in the central Pacific Ocean, thebest place to enjoy the oceanic scenery.It is famous for natural scenery: white beach, blue sky, and palm trees, etc.The famous Pacific Fleet is located at Pearl Harbor, Oahu Island.P. 221—222I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Lake Superior, Erie, Ontario.2. Columbia Plateau, the Great Canyon.3. the Rockies, the father of waters.4. dairy farming, Harvard, Yale, MIT.5. Death Valley, Great Salt Lake.6. 38, Yellowstone National Park, Old Faithful.7. 4,800, British Columbia, the backbone of the continent, Mt. Elbert.8. Hoover Dam, The Rio Grande, Ruhr.9. half, “Barn of America”, Great Lakes.10. dividing line, Lake Erie, New York.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A B C2. D3. A D4. A B5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United Statesconsisting of the six states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, where the earliest English settlements in North America was made.In the late 18th century, the New England Colonies initiated the resistance to the British Parliament's efforts to impose new taxes without the consent of the colonists. The confrontation led to the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, which resulted in the War of American Independence that brought about the birth of the United States of America.2. The Appalachians holds one sixth of the continental territory. The mountainsare relatively low, and the average altitude is only 800 meters high.These old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, and have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts.3. It is the most important and longest river in the US. It flows about 6,400 km.from the Rockies to the Gulf of Mexico, and the fourth longest river in the world.With hundreds of tributaries, the river is known as “the father o f waters”.The chief tributaries are the Missouri River, the Ohio River, and the Arkansas, etc.4. They are the largest lake group in the world and contain about half of the world’sfresh water. All the five lakes are inter-connected, reaching the Atlantic by way of the St. Lawrence River. They are the important economic lifeline of the Midwest.The world-famous Niagara Falls also attracts numerous visitors.5. The Great Plain stretches from the west of the Mississippi to the Rockies, andcovers a distance of about 6,400 kilometers. The land is flat and open, and is originally covered with rich prairie grass, but no trees. Today the area is stilla cattle country. Much of the nation’s wheat is grown here, therefore the areais known as the “breadbaske t” of America.The Grand Canyon is located in Colorado Plateau, and is cut by Colorado River.It is one of the great natural wonders of the world, and is set up as national park. It measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide between the tops of its steep walls, and more than a mile deep.P. 224--225I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. little, 63%.2. the Central Plains, the Rockies, electricity.3. Bingham.4. 1/3, Washington, Oregon.5. Gulf of Mexico, Okalahoma.6. gold, gold, Gold Rush.II. Respond to the following items.1. America is rich in water resources. As a whole the country has little troublewith water shortage. Except for the desert regions around the southern Rockies, there are large supplies of fresh water and numerous fertile valleys.2. About 1/3 of America is covered with forests. The greatest virgin forests arein the states of Washington and Oregon. America has about 500 million acres of commercial forests and about 75% of commercial timber is produced in the eastern part of the country.3. In 1848, gold was discovered in California. The news soon spread out, andthousands of immigrants from around the world invaded the Gold Country of California. The peak of the rush was in 1849, thus the many immigrants became known as the '49ers.4. Coal deposits are widely distributed in America, and most coal reserves areto be found in the Appalachians, the Central Plain, and the Rockies.Most of iron ore is mainly found in the Appalachians and the areas near Lake Superior, and themost important mining area is in Minnesota.P. 226--227I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. northern temperate (P225 书中该词拼写错误), landforms and surrounding waters.2. temperate, tropical.3. temperate, north, hurricanes.4. maritime, distinct, similar.5. Mediterranean, arid, semiarid.6. temperate, temperature.II Answer the following questions.1. The United States is mainly situated in the northern temperature zone. But,owing to its large size, varied landforms and surrounding waters, the climate is tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains, and arid in the Great Basin.2. New England belongs to maritime climate. It has distinct seasons with a longcold winter, and short and warm summer. Spring and Fall are warm, and the region receives plenty of rainfall.The Middle Atlantic States have a similar climate to that of New England, but the average temperature is a little higher.3. The Great Plains have a variety of weather throughout the year, which is verycold in winter and very hot in summer, with often strong winds.4. The climate around the Great Lakes is temperate. Winters are sometimes extremelycold; summers are very hot; the region receives sufficient rainfall. The wind blows freely, and often causes sudden and extreme changes in temperature and creates many tornadoes.P. 232I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. T5. T6. T P. 237I Write down the names of the places according to the photos.1. Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco2. Niagara Falls3. Las Vegas4. Red Rock Country5. The Grand Canyon6. DisneylandP. 240I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. FChapter Nine The People and Their CultureP. 243I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, China, 313.7 million. (书中in 2010错误, 应改为 in 2012.)2. 1%, high, below.3. urban, 250.4. northeastern part, 1/4, half.5. New York city, 27 million, Chicago, 9 million.6. California, Texas.II Answer the following questions.1. American population is characterized by variety in composition. The White isthe main stream, and takes up about 72.4% of the total population. Hispanics16.3%, Blacks 12.6%, Asians 4.8 %, American Indians and Alaska Natives 0.9%,and Native Hawaii and other Pacific Islanders 0.2%.2. The most densely populated region is the northeastern area, including parts of New England, the Mid Atlantic and Mid West. The size of the region takes up about 1/4 of the total, but almost 1/2 of the total population lives there.3. Comparing with the large size, the population density of the Great Pains is low. The northern part is rather empty. In the combined area of North and South Dakotas, Nebraska and Kansas, an area as great as France and Italy put together, there are only 6.2 million inhabitants in 2010.4. The northeastern part is the most densely populated region in America, because this place is the birthplace of America, also the highly developed area.Since the unfavorable living conditions in the west part of the Great Plains and Rockies, the population is thin.The south and west used to thinly populated, but with the rapid development in recent years, the population increases fast, and the population along the Pacific Coast grows dense.P. 247--248I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 55 million, Mexico.2. variety, 100, 31.3. African Americans, slaves.4. Civil Rights, equal civil rights.5. Texas, New Mexico.6. American Indians, Indian Reservations.II Answer the following questions.1. Melting pot is metaphorically used to refer to the US because it is a countryof many ethnic groups from different parts of the world, who came to the New World for freedom in politics or religion. They have been dissipating their different ethnic cultu res towards some “standard” by living and workingtogether in the “melting pot” of the US and gradually forming a new nation.2. Indian Reservation is the living place of Indians. Indians were driven westwardto live in these barren desert places when Europeans settled in American continent.In these isolated places, they were allowed to keep a part of their own culture and customs.But the Reservations lacked basic public facilities and life-sustaining opportunities. The situation is somewhat better today, but there continues to be problems3. The Hispanics are Spanish-speaking people from Latin America. Over half ofHispanic Americans are of Mexican descents. The second largest group is of Puerto Rican origin. Other origins include Cuban Americans, Colombian Americans, Dominican Americans, etc.P. 250--251I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 337, 176.2. Spanish, French.3. English, American.4. Spanish, Spanish.5. Cantonese, third, Chinese American.6. their native, English.II Answer the following questions.1. About 337 languages are spoken by Americans, of which 176 are indigenous, and52 languages formerly spoken in the country are now extinct.2. American English was inherited from British colonization, but there are somechanges in spelling, grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation, etc.3. Spanish is the second most common language in America. The United States holdsthe world’s fifth largest Spanish-speaking population. Spanish is also an official language of Puerto Rico. Spanish is also the most widely taught second language in America.4. The largest French-speaking communities are in Northeast Maine; Hollywood andMiami, Florida; New York City; and certain areas of rural Louisiana.P. 253--254I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. high adherence, diversity.2. Christians, Protestants, Roman Catholics.3. 30, Baptists, Methodists.4. Judaism, Chinese Americans.5. African Americans, African slaves.6. India, Asian countries.II Answer the following questions.1. The principle of the separation of church and state comes from AmericanConstitution. The First Amendment of the US Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and fords the establishment of any religious government.2. Religion plays an important role in many aspects of American life (politics,education, charity and culture) as well as in its international relations.American foreign aid (governmental and private) is very closely related to religion, and based on Christian values that all men and women are the children of God, therefore brothers and sisters; the US State Department issues an annual report on human rights and criticizes the human rights records in many countries (of which religious freedom is stressed), which is regarded as interfering the internal affairs of other countries; American churches sent many missions abroad, establishing churches, schools and hospitals around the world, such as what the missionaries did in China in 19th and early 20th centuries (e.g., John Leighton Stuart <司徒雷登>and the Yanching University <燕京大学>) . They worked with the American government for the diffusion of their religion and values.Value-oriented diplomacy is one of the characteristics of American international relations. A very important mission of American diplomacy is to diffuse its values around the world, and many such values derive from religion, such as equality, liberty and fraternity; religion even plays a role in the American decisions of war and peace, such as the American war on terror in Iraq and Afghanistan.3. Their basic beliefs include the love of learning; the worship of God out oflove, not out of fear; and the performing of the heartfelt good deeds without concerning about rewards.4. The major non-Christian religions include Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism, etc.P. 257I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. racial, cultural2. hard work3. formal class system4. “do-it-yourself”5. The Epic of AmericaP. 261-262I Fill in the blanks with names of the holidays.New Year’s DayThe third Monday in January, Martin Luther King DayWashington’s Birthday, Presidents DayThe last Monday in May, American CivilIndependence Day, “Fourth of July”Columbus Day, Christopher ColumbusNovember 11The fourth Thursday in November, Thanksgiving DayDecember 25, Christmas Day, Jesus ChristP. 264I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 19352. Franklin Roosevelt3. Aid to families with Dependent Children (AFDC)4. MedicareP. 270I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. F5. TP. 275I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Baseball2. American football3. the Dream Team4. the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon, the US Open5. mixed martial artsP. 279I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. TP. 286-287I Link the following great names with famous sayings below them.B, A, J, D, F, C, E, I, G, HChapter Ten A Brief History of the United StatesP. 290-291I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. a broad land bridge2. adapted to the different environments they lived in3. hunting, fishing4. collectiveII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. C3. C (书中C选项中的第四个词“no”删掉)4. C5.AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Menzies argued that Zhenghe discovered North America much earlierthan Columbus did. He presented many archeological findings ofChinese articles in North America which were believed to be leftbehind by Zheng’s fleet.2. Some Native Americans tribes lived in the eastern woods, some inthe western deserts, others along the coastal areas, thereforedifferent cultures and languages evolved due to the differentenvironment conditions.3. Native Americans had developed a relative high civilization (somecould plant maize and bean, some could build dams and big houses withmany rooms, while others could also weave clothes and make pottery).They had collective ownership of means of production and women in sometribe enjoyed high status.4. Native Americans believed that everything in nature had spiritualpower. Damaging the environment such as overfishing would offend thespiritual power in nature and get punished.5. The continent of America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who mademany descriptions of the new continent in his letters and people thenthought he had first discovered North America.P. 293-294I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. several times larger2. New Netherland3. West India4. make France the most powerful nation in Europe and North AmericaII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. D3. D4. A5. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. T5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Spanish colonists came to North America to find gold, to serve theirking and to spread their religion.2. People from many places lived together peacefully, they spoke manydifferent languages, had different religions, they learned to betolerant and contributed to the diversity in today’s America.3. King Louis XIV wanted to develop New France to make France strongerthan Great Britain and Spain by exploiting the natural resources inNew France.4. The major colonies established by major European powers includedNew Spain, New Netherland, New France and the British colonies inNorth America. Most colonies were established through the use of forcebecause European settlers were militarily more powerful than NativeAmericans who had only primitive weapons such as spears and arrows. P. 297-298I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Jamestown, Georgia2. Puritans wanted to be able to communicate with God directly throughreading the Bible to understand God; education was also importantin cultivating democracy among its citizens.3. build a school supported by tax4. diversified, cosmopolitan and tolerant5. rural and engaged in farmingII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A2. D3. D4. C5. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Because they were persecuted back in Britain and they wanted toestablish “a city upon hill” in the New World for the rest of theworld to look upon.2. Because some colonies were merged in larger ones and there werethirteen colonies before the American War for Independence.3. The differences were a result of different climate patterns,different settlers and their values and beliefs.4. The Mayflower Compact was important because it expressed people’swill to govern by themselves. It started the democratic election ofleaders and people reached a consensus that they would abide by thejust and equal laws passed by their chosen leaders.5. Slavery was mostly in the southern colonies because of the climatecondition in the South where summer is long and hot while winter shortand warm. The land is also rich. Therefore, natural conditions makesplanting of cotton, tobacco and rice based on slavery profitable inthe South (while the white were either unfit or too proud to till theland in the hot climate).P. 301-302I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. a high degree of autonomy, liberties and democracy2. they were actually British subjects and needed British protection3. t hey believed that only their chosen representatives had the power to tax them.4. the closing of the port of Boston, depriving the self-rule ofMassachusetts5. appealing to the English king to abolish the Intolerable ActsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. A3. A4. D5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. After the Seven Years’ War, Britain tightened its economic andpolitical control over the colonists, who resisted the Britishcontrol because they had been used to a high-degree autonomy anddemocracy.2. They were named the “Intolerable Acts”because the measures wereintolerable to the colonists. The Acts hurt the economic interestsand violated rights of the colonists. The acts included closing theport of Boston, the deprivation of self-rule of Massachusetts andothers.3. The colonists were united and they enjoyed the advantages of beingfamiliar with the home battleground. They also received foreign aidfrom France, Spain and the Netherlands.4. The Declaration of Independence is significant because it announcedcolonists’belief (the first in the world) that all people are equaland have some natural rights (life, liberty, etc.) that cannot beviolated. It also establishes a political principle that a governmentshould protect people’s rights since its power comes from people.If a government violates people’s rights, people then have the rightto overthrow it and establish a new one that can serve people well.The American Revolution is important because it gave birth to thefirst modern republic in the world. It is the first time that coloniesdefeated tyrannical oppressors and won independence, setting a goodexample for other colonies.5. Maybe the American Revolution could have ended in failure.P. 307-308I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the expanded areas lied west to the earliest colonies2. millions of acres of land3. through war, purchase and threats.4. the Manifest Destiny5. opportunities to realize their dreamsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. BC3. D4. D5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Politically, it laid the foundation for the U.S. to become a worldpower; economically, it financed the American development;culturally, it is the source of many literary creations and helpedto forge the American national character.2. Many aspects of the American national character can find their rootsin the Westward Movement such as mobility, independence, optimism andcreativity.3. It was in nature an excuse to justify their aggressive expansion.4. American Indians were the real owners of the land and surelyresisted the expansion of the whites. To get their land, the whitesrepeatedly killed, expelled and mercilessly exploited the Indians.Many Indian tribes died out and the survivors were driven to Indianreservations. Many Indians are still living in poverty.5. Agriculture was greatly enhanced in the West; agriculture fed thepeople and revenue financed the American economic growth; it alsocontributed a great deal to the American Industrialization byproviding rich resources, cheap labor and a huge market for industrialproducts.P. 311-312I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. willingly2. unified, high/protective, free3. would be solved by itself4. abolitionists, abolitionII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. ABCD3. ABCD4. AD5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Slavery broke up the domestic market, making the free movement ofcapital and labor impossible.2. Politically, the balance between the North and South was broken whenmore states entered the Union as free states and the South was afraidthat the North would try to abolish slavery when the North could gatherenough votes to pass laws unfavorable to the South; economically, theNorth wanted to develop capitalism which demanded free labor, hightariffs and a unified market and the South wanted to retain itsplantation economy based on slavery; culturally, many people opposedslavery because of its inhumanity, anti-equality and anti-democracynature.3. After the announcement of the Emancipation of Proclamation,hundreds of blacks joined the Union army to fight for their freedom;。

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一. 单项选择题 Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question four suggested answers A，B，C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question：（20 points ） 1. Franklin Roosevelt’s program for the depression was called .a. Progressivismb. laissez fairec. New Freedomd. New Deal 2. The United States did not join the Second World War directly until in December，1941.a. Great Depressionb. Pearl Harbor incidentc. the Japanese attack on Chinad. the German attack on Poland 3. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as .a. Lord Protectorb. Lieutenant Generalc. Commander of the New Model Armyd. President 4. Ireland is in the of Great Britain.a. eastb. south C. west d. north 5. WASPs referred to .a. the mainstream Americansb. Hispanicsc. Asian-Americansd. Blacks 6. Lincoln's Emancipation proclamation and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution formally ended . a. the immigration movement b. the Civil War c. the slave system d. the industrialization 7. About a hundred years ago，as a result of imperialist expansion，Britain ruled one fourth of the world people and of the world’s land area.a. one thirdb. one fifthc. one fourthd. tow fifths 8. The Celt’s religion was .a. Teutonic religionb. Christianityc. Druidismd. Buddhism 9. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of ，keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.a. the Archbishop of Canterburyb. the baronsc. the churchd. the king 10. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in the .a. the House of Lordsb. the House of Commonsc. the Privy Councild. the Shadow Cabinet 11. The English Renaissance was largely .a. religiousb. ideologicalc. philosophicald. literary 12. In the Industrial Revolution，changes occurred earliest and quickest in .a. hardwareb. textilec. potteryd. chemicals 13. The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain ina. 200B. C.b. 55 B. C.c. 55 A. D.d. 410 A. D. 14. The Hundred Years’ War started in .a. 1733b. 1453c. 1337d. 1357 15. Civil Rights Movement happened in .a. the 1960sb. the 1950sc. the 1940sd. the 1930s 16. The open declaration of the containment policy was made by on March 12，1949 in a speech to the joint session of Congress.a. President Rooseveltb. President Kennedyc. General Marshalld. President Truman 17. The House of Commons consists of Members of Parliament.a. 651b. 1，200c. 1，198d. 763 18. About half of the Britain’s trade is with .a. the United Statesb. South-east Asiac. the ECd. the Latin America 19. The British recorded history begins with .a. the arrival and settlement of Celtsb. the Norman Conquestc. Roman invasiond. Viking and Danish invasions 20. At the beginning of the First World War，the United States pursued a policy of .a. containmentb. neutralityc. pro-Germany partialityd. pro-Ally partiality 二.是非题 Read the following statements carefully and decide if each of them is True or False：（20 points ）（） 1. The Bill of Rights is the term for the first twelve amendments to the Constitution. （） 2. The stock market crash in 1929 was the beginning of a long economic depression in the U. S. （） 3. George Washington was the first president of the United States. （） 4. The system of the parliamentary government of the U.K. is based on a written constitution. （） 5. Benjamin Franklin alone drafted the Declaration of Independence，and on July 4，1776，the Congress adopted the declaration. （） 6. Britain was the first country to start the Industrial Revolution which contributed to the establishment of the British Empire. （）7. The word English means “the language that belongs to the Angles.” （）8. The Pennines are known as the “Backbone of England”. （）9. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh Lake in Wales which covers an area of 397 square kilometers. （）10. Both the First Continental Congress and the Second Continental Congress were held in Boston. （）11. The American Constitution founded feudalism and introduced checks and balances. （）12. The national church in Scotland is also the Church of England. （）13.Of all the English university Oxford and Cambridge are the most prestigious （）14. The House of Lords is now made up of two kinds of Lords：the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal. （）15. William，Duke of Normandy，founded a strong fleet which first beat the Danes at sea and he became known as “Father of the British Navy.” （）16. Anglo-Saxons in Britain are believed to be ancestors of the Highland Scots，the Irish and the Welsh people. （）17. After Margaret Thatcher was elected Britain’s first ever woman prime minister in 1979，she adopted a new program to cure the “British disease”. （）18. America Vespucci proved that the land discovered by Columbus was not Indian，but a new continent. As a result，the new continent was named after him and became known as America. （）19. Declaration of Independence was formally adopted by the Continental Congress on July 14，1776，a day which has been celebrated each year as Independence Day of the United States. （）20. When the news of American victory at Yorktown reached London，the Parliament voted to end the War and peace negotiation began in 1782. 三. 名词解释 Explain the following terms in English：（20 points） 1. The New Deal 2. counterculture movement 3. checks and balances 4. Constitutional monarchy 5. Emancipation Proclamation 四. 简答题 Give an one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. （10 points ） 1. What is the longest river in Britain？ 2. How long did the Wars of the Roses go on？ 3. When did American Civil War break out？ 4. What were the mainstream Americans called？ 5. What does American Congress consist of？五.论述题 Write between 100-150 words on the following topic：（10 points ） Cold WarKey to Model 2 一. 1~5dbaca 6~10 cccdb 11~15 dbbca 16~20daccb 二. 1~5 FTTFF 6~10 TTTFF 11~15 FFTTT 16~20 FTTFT 三. 1. It refers to a series of measures taken by Franklin Roosevelt in 1932 to prevent the possible collapse of the American economic and political system. 2. It was a movement of revolt in the 1960s against the moral values，the aesthetic standards，the personal behavior. and the social relations of conventional society. 3. Each of the three branches of the government——the legislative，the executive and the judicial——has part of the powers but not all the power. Each branch can check，or block，the actions of the other branches. The three branches are thus in balance. This is called “checks and balances”. 4. A constitutional monarchy is a county in which head of the state is a king or a queen. In practice，the Sovereign reigns，but does not rule. In English history，constitutional monarchy was established after Glorious Revolution in 1688. 5. On September 22，1862 during American Civil War，Lincoln issued the famous document Emancipation Proclamation which would become effective on January 1，1863. it provided that all the black slaves in the rebelling states were freed and they were welcome to join the armed forces of the Union. 四. 1. The longest river in Britain is Severn river. 2. The War of the Roses went on for 30 years. 3. American Civil War began in 1861. 4. The mainstream Americans are called WASPs. 5. American Congress consists of Senate and House of Representatives. 五. Some historians say that the world entered Cold War immediately after the Second World War ended. The conflicts arose basically from the separate concepts of postwar world order. The United States，relying on its large economic and military strength，tried to play the role of world police under the pretext of fighting against the Soviet expansion. The Soviet Union put forward the theory that there could be nolong-term peaceful coexistence between socialism and capitalism and the Soviet Union should rapidly build up its strength for the final struggle against capitalism，represented by the United States and Britain. Cold War was characterized by international tension and conflicts without bloody “hot war” between the Soviet Union and the United States. Cold War did not end until after the collapse of Berlin Wall in 1989.。