从高考试题谈非谓语动词

从高考试题谈非谓语动词应注意的几个问题

四川省苍溪文昌中学校马执源

为提高高考试题中有关非谓语试题特别是单选的正确性，笔者愿作如下小结，供参考。一分词作状语，须注意与所修饰的句子的主语之间的逻辑关系。

例1 When ______help, one often says “Thank you” or “It`s kind of you”.(2005福建)

A.offering

B.to offer

C. to be offered

D. offered

解析：offer 与one是一种动宾关系，不是主动关系；而连词when + to do 表将来。故选D。

例2 ____the website of the Fire Department in your city , and you will learn a lot about firefighting.（2008湖南）

A.Having searched

B. To search

C. Searching

D.Search

解析：答案D。此句为“祈使句+and/or+简单句”，其中祈使句相当于条件状语从句。若无连词and ，则选C。

二形容词化的分词（短语）作状语时，应考虑其固定搭配。

例3 _____in a white uniform , he looks more like a cook than a doctor.(2005湖南)

A. Dressed

B. To dress

C. Dressing

D. Having dressed

解析：答案A 。从表像看，he是dress的逻辑主语，应选C；但be dressed in 为其固定搭档，是形容词化的分词短语。像这类的还有：be interested in/ be worried about / be lost in / be faced with / be fed up with / be tired of / be addicted to / be located in / be determined to do / be seated (in/on) /.....

三在keep作“让”讲，find作“发现”讲，catch作“碰见”讲，leave作“让”讲，常跟doing作宾语补足语, 即“keep / find / catch + 宾语+ 宾补”，被动形式为“be kept / found / caught + doing”。

例4 He looked around and caught a man ___his hand into the pocket of a passenger.(2004北京春)

A. put

B. to be putting

C. to put

D. putting

答案：D

四应注意非谓语动词的完成时的用法：

根据题题干所提供的信息看非谓语动词是否发生在主句动词之前。

例5 _____that she didn`t do a good job , I don`t think I am abler than her.（2007陕西）

A. To have said

B.Having said

C. To say

D.Saying

解析：答案B。此处是非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语I，两者之间是主动关系，且非谓语动词表示一个已经完成的动作，用v-ing的完成式。

五分词不作目的状语，不定式不作伴随状语。

例6 The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance , _____in the natural light during the day.(2007天津)

A. to let

B. letting

C. let

D. having let

解析：答案B。let是句子主语和the glass doors之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。所以用to let或letting，但本题中的分词动作表示的是伴随状况，应用现在分词。

例7：When asked why he went there , he said he was sent there ___for a space flignt.(2007江西)

A. training

B. being trained

C. to have trained

D.to be trained

解析：答案D。本题考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式表目的，并且主

语是动作的承受者。

六应注意不定式与现在分词作结果状语的区别：不定式常表示出人意料，令人不快的结果，前可跟only；而现在分词常表示意料之中，自然而然的结果。

例8 He hurried to the booking office , only____that all the tickets had been sold out.（2006陕西卷）

A. to tell

B. to be told

C. telling

D. told

解析：根据句意，是一种不爽的结果，只能是A或B，又因为是别人告诉自己，故选B。试比较：

例9 He was busy writing a story , only ___once in a while to smoke a cigarette.（2008辽宁）

A. to stop

B. stopping

C. to have stopped

D. having stopped （答案B）七特殊疑问词+ 不定式的使用（疑问词替代相应成分，不及物动词须带相应介词）。

例10 It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows_____.

A. it what to do with

B. what to do it with

C. what to do with it

D. to do what with it

解析：答案C。本题考查“疑问词+不定式”和动词短语do with的用法,根据本题的意思可以看出，由于know不可以直接跟动词不定式而排除D，“疑问词+不定式”结构当然要把疑问词置于前面，从而排除A，what …do with…实际上是个常用的短词，在短词中what作do 的宾语，句中的it作介词with的宾语，故选C

又如：He hasn`t foud which room to live in .

八．with 的复合结构：“with +宾语(名词或代词) + 现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语”做伴随状语或定语。

例11 John received an invitation to dinner , and with his work ____ , he gladly accepted it.(2007 安徽)

A.finished

B.finishing

C.having finished

D.was finished

解析：答案A。该句是一个由and连接的并列句，在第二分句前插入了“with+宾语+非谓语动词”结构，“with+宾语+过去分词”表示已经完成，从第二分句可知“finish”动作已经完成。

九．doing的复合结构

动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语，从而构成动名词的复合结构。动名词所跟的逻辑主语通常是形容词性物主代词、宾格代词、名词所有格或普通格，如果逻辑主语是无主生命物，则只用普通格（宾格）。动名词的复合结构作主语时，通常使用名词的所有格或形容词性物主代词。例12．_____the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.（2003上海春招）

A.The president will attend

B. The president to attend

C. The president attended

D. The president`s attending (答案D)

十．逻辑主语与句子主语不一致的特殊分词状语（近年高考涉及较少）。

1．Given 作为介词的意思是“鉴于……”

_____the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.(2000 京皖春招)

A. Given

B. To give

C. Giving

D.Having given

解析：答案A。本题句意为：鉴于他健康的整体情况，要从手术中恢复过来还需要一段时间。此处的given是介词。

2．Speaking与一些副词连用，意思是“……说来”，generally(frankly / strictly / honestly

/personally / broadly)speaking总地（坦率地/严格地/诚实地/亲自/泛泛地）说来。如：Generally speaking ,Chinese is more difficult to learn than English.

3.judging from…从…判断 . 如：