英美文学后面几个人物简介
英美文学重点作家
English drama是英国文艺复兴的主流姓名年代-生卒年国籍备注Geoffrey Chaucer 中世纪(1343-1400) 英国<The Canterbury Tales>:firsttime to use …heroic couplet‟(双韵体) by middle EnglishThe father of English poetry. (writingstyle: wisdom, humor, humanity.)尔Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙.斯宾塞文艺复兴1552~1599英国the Fairy Queen仙后(for QueenElizabeth)Thomas More 托马斯.莫文艺复兴:(1478~1535)英国<Utopia>乌托邦是英国的空想社会主义者Oneof the greatest English humanistsFrancis Bacon 弗兰西斯.培根（1561-1626）英国Essays:<Of studies>;New InstrumentAdvancement of Learning英国唯物主义及现代实验科学之父Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗.马洛（1564~1595）英国①<The Tragical History of DoctorFaustus>浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）②<Tamburlaine>帖木耳大帝③<The Jew of Malta>马耳他的犹太人把blank verse无韵诗作为英语戏剧主要表达方式的开创者。
“UniversityWits”, the pioneer of English drama（完善了无韵体诗。
）Blank verse:written in unrhymed iambicpentameter.John Lyly: 约翰。
英美文学作品中的人名和寓意
英美人名有不少源自英美文学作品,其喻义在英美等国已是家喻户晓,即使没有读过该作品的人们,也会明白这些人名的喻义。
其用法在写作与日常生活中也屡见不鲜,本文举例如下:1.James Bond詹母斯·邦德;(喻)神通广大的人源自英国著名悬念小说作家伊恩·弗莱明(Ian Fleming, 1908-1964)的长篇侦探小说。
弗莱明以塑代号007的英国间谍詹母斯·邦德(James Bond)而蜚声全球,以邦德为主人公的长篇小说共13部,每一部都充满惊险、恐怖和国际间谍的阴谋。
小说中的詹母斯·邦德机智英勇,武艺高超,神通广大,无所不能。
任何大案、难案他都能一一破获。
James Bond现喻指“神通广大的人”。
如:(1) During the war he was sent on dangerous secret missions abroad. Very exciting! He was a sort of James Bond.战争期间他被派往国外执行危险而秘密的任务。
真令人兴奋!他就像是个詹姆斯·邦德。
(2)Most of the applicants were weeded out early, including one 13-year-old aspiring James Bond.多数申请人早已被筛掉,其中包括一位年仅13岁雄心勃勃的神童。
2.Jekyll and Hyde哲基尔和海德;(喻)有善恶双重人格者源自英国著名冒险故事和散文作家斯蒂文森(Robert Louis Stevenson,1850-1894)所著的道德寓意深刻的中篇小说《化身博士》(The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde)。
哲基尔和海德(Jekyll and Hyde)为该小说中的主人公,服用自配药物可使自己在原来善良绅士Jekyll与凶残暴的Hyde之间往复蜕变。
5分钟内记住英美文学教材上的所有主要作家
5分钟内记住英美文学教材上的所有主要作家顺口溜里面包含了教材上所有提到的主要英美作家(附有作品节选的). 通过顺口溜, 不但可以很容易的记下这些作家, 而且其最大的优点是, 你还可以通过顺口溜的语句顺序, 确认他们属于哪个时期. 而这一点是相当重要的. 用它除了可以直接对付选择题外, 还可以对付后面的简答题及论述题. 因为, 在同一个时期内的作家, 虽然各有特色, 但有共性. 当考到要分析某位作家的创作风格或某件作品时, 尽管你可能对他没什么印象, 但你可将一些该作家所属的时期的特点糊弄一点上去, 再做些引申, 多少还是可以拿些分的. 当然, 前提是你必需对每个时期的风格特征熟悉. 事实上, 要通过英美文学, 记忆8个时期的文学特征最最基本的了.再重申一下: 下面的顺口溜只是用来方便记忆, 帮助你较容易记住提纲挈领的一些内容, 由骨及肉, 因此而记住更多的内容, (我之前曾看过一位网友介绍他通过英美文学的经验, 主题大致就是要记住树干, 到树枝, 再到树叶. 他的话很有道理, 我基本上也是按他的原理做的. ), 除此再无他用.因为是顺口溜, 顺口是第一位, 因此, 其中有些字看上去有些古怪, 有些牵强, 请不要太在意. 能记住就可以了. 上面五句为英国部分, 下面三句为美国部分.邓恩撕马赔沙弥蒲伯吹笛,约翰逊感谢一班来自非州的斯文格格布来克华华叫, 科学家济兹跟澳雪说拜拜.狄更斯爱喝不安宁的布丁.萧高叶踢死老乔华盛顿爱上惠霍的梅姑娘.骑马在德来塞大战狄金森罗伯特李只好以福克纳飞欧申奥.要使用好上面的顺口溜, 前提是你对他们应该有一个大致的了解, 否则你会很难知道who is who了. 哈哈... 下面我将顺口溜中的字对应的人名加上, 供大家参考. 注意: 有些对应的是first name, 有些是last name, 有些则完全是为了顺口的需要而增加的, 无人名可对.邓恩John Donne撕Edmund Spenser 马Christopher Marlowe 赔Francis Bacon 沙William Shakespeare 弥John Milton蒲伯Alexander Pope 吹笛Daniel Defoe ,约翰逊Samuel Johnson 感谢Richard Binsley Sheridan 一班John Bunyan 来自非Henny Fielding 州的斯文Jonathan Swift 格格Thomas Gray 布来克William Blake 华华William Wordworth 叫, 科Samuel Tayler Coleridge 学家济兹John Keats 跟澳Jane Austen 雪Percy Bysshe Shelley 说拜拜George Gordon Byron.狄更斯Charles Dickens 爱George Eliot 喝Thomas Hardy 不安宁Robert Browning 的布Bronte Sisters 丁Alfred Tennyson.萧George Bernard Shaw 高John Galsworthy 叶William Butler Yeats 踢T.S. Eliot 死老D.H. Lawrence 乔James Joyce.华盛顿Washington Irving 爱Ralph Waldo Emerson 上惠Walt Whitman 霍Nathaniel Hawthorne 的梅Herman Melville 姑娘.骑马Mark Twain 在德来塞Theodore Dreiser 大战Henry James 狄金森Emily Dickinson.罗伯特李Robert Lee Frost 只好以Ezra Pound 福克纳William Faulkner 飞F. Scott Fitzgerald 欧Ernest Hemingway 申奥Eugene O'Neill.理论上来说, 只需5分钟, 你就能记下教材上提及的所有附有作品分析的作家. 然后, 每天有空时随口念念, 强化一下. 就这么简单.。
英美国各时期文学人物及著作
英美国各时期⽂学⼈物及著作英国⽂学Part 1.Old and medieval1、Beowulf贝尔武甫(the national epic of the English people)Striking feature:alliteration,metaphors and understatements2、William Langland威廉·兰格伦Piers the Plowman耕者⽪尔斯3、Geoffrey Chaucer杰佛利·乔叟1340-1400长诗：The House of Fame声誉之堂;Troilus and Criseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德⼩说：Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集----英国⽂学史上现实主义第⼀部杰作（他是最早有⼈⽂主义思想的作家，现实主义⽂学的奠基⼈）His contribution to English poetry:introduced from france the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter(the heroic couplet),is the first great poet who wrote in the English language.Who making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.Part 2.The English renaissance1、Thomas More托马斯·莫尔Utopia乌托帮2、Philip Sidney菲⼒普锡·德尼Astrophel and Stella Apology for Poetry诗辩3、Edmond Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞The Faerie Queene仙后The Shepherds’s Calender牧⽺⼈⽇历4、Francis Bacon培根1561-1626 The founder of English materialist philosophyAdvancement of Learning学术的进展;Novum Organum新⼯具; New Atlantic新⼤西岛;Essays论⽂集（Of Studies论学习;Of Wisdom for a Man’s Self）5、Christopher Marlowe克⾥斯托夫·马洛Tamburlaine铁⽊⽿⼤帝；Dr.Faustus浮⼠德的悲剧；The Jew of Malta马⽿他的犹太⼈；The Passionate Shepherd多情的牧⽺⼈致情⼈6、William Shakespeare莎⼠⽐亚1564-1616The Great Comedies:A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of V enice威尼斯商⼈;As Y ou Like It如愿;;Twelfth Night第⼗⼆夜;The Great Tragedies:The Tragedy of Hamlet哈姆雷特/王⼦复仇记;Othello奥塞罗King Lear李尔王;The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克⽩;The Later Comedies(romances):Pericles波⾥克利斯;Cymbeline⾟⽩林;The Winter’s Tale冬天的故事;The Tempest暴风风⾬; The Two Gentlemen of V eronaz维罗纳⼆绅⼠;The Mercy Wives of Windsor温莎的风流妇⼈;Measure for Measure恶有恶报;The Comedy of Errors错中错;Much Ado about Nothing⽆事⾃扰;Love’s Labour’s Lost 空爱⼀场；The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记;All’s Well That Ends Well皆⼤欢喜;The Winter’s Tale冬天的故事;The Life and Death of King John/Richard the Second/Henry the Fifth/Richard the Third约翰王/理查⼆世/亨利五世/理查三世;The First/Second Part of King Henry the Fourth 亨利四世（上、下）;The First/Second/Third Part of King Henry the Sixth亨利六世（上、中、下）;The Life of King Henry the Eighth亨利⼋世；Troilus and Cressida 脱爱勒斯与克莱西达;The Tragedy of Coriolanus考利欧雷诺斯;Titus Andronicus泰特斯·安庄尼克斯;Romeo and Julet罗密欧与朱丽叶；Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;朱利阿斯·凯撒；Antony and Cleopatra安东尼与克利欧佩特拉;Cymbeline⾟⽩林;Pericles波⾥克利斯;V enus and Adonis维诺斯·阿都尼斯;Lucrece露克利斯;The Sonnets⼗四⾏诗Part 3.The English Bourgeois revolution period1、John Milton约翰·弥尔顿1608-1674L‘Allegro欢乐的⼈;Il Penseroso沉思的⼈;Comus科马斯;Lycidas列西达斯;Areopagitica论出版⾃由;Pro Populo Anglicano Defense为英国⼈民声辩;Pro Populo Anglicano Defense Secunda再为英国⼈民声辩;ParadiseLost失乐园;Paradise Regained复乐园;Samson Agonistes⼒⼠参孙2、John Bunyan班扬1628-1688The Pilgrim’s Progress天路历程; The Life and Death of Mr Badman培德曼先⽣的⼀⽣John Donne约翰·多恩(The founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry)Songs and Sonnets Devotions upon emergent Occasions John Dryden A ll for Love Antony and Cleopatra An Essay of Dramatic PoesyPart 4.The eighteenth Century1、Joseph Addison艾迪⽣诗：The Campaign远征；剧本：Cato加图名⽂；Adventure of A shilling⼀先令的历险2、Richard Steele理查德·斯梯尔1672-1729The Christian Hero基督教徒的英雄名⽂：The Spectator Club旁观者俱乐部3、Alexander Pope蒲柏1688-1744Pastorals⽥园诗集;An Essay on Criticism批评论;Windsor Forest温莎林;The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记;The Duncial愚⼈志;Moral Essays道德论;An Essay on Man⼈论;Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot与阿布斯诺博⼠书4、Jonathan Swift斯威夫特1667-17455、The Battle of Books书的战争;A Tale of A Tub⼀个⽊桶的故事;The Drapier’s Letters布商的书信;A Modest Proposal⼀个温和的建议；Guilliver’s Travels格列佛游记(A V oyage to Lilliput/Brobdingnag/Laputa,Balnibarbi,Luggnagg,Glubbdubdriba and Japan/The Country of the Houyhnhnms⼩⼈国/⼤⼈国/拉普他等地/智马国游记)6、Danniel Defoe丹尼尔·迪福1660-1731 （标志着近代英国⼩说的形成）Hymn to the Pillory枷刑颂;Robinson Crusoe鲁宾孙飘流记;Captain Singleton⾟格顿船长;Moll Flanders莫尔弗兰德斯;A Journal of the Plague Y ear⼤疫年⽇记Samuel Richardson理查逊Pamela帕美拉Clarissa Harlowe 克拉瑞莎Sir Charles Grandison格兰迪⽣7、Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁1707-1754（英国现实主义⼩说的奠基者）剧本：The Coffeehouse Politician咖啡屋政客;Don Quixote in England堂·吉诃德在英国;The Historical Register for the Y ear 历史记事长篇⼩说：The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews,and of His Friend Mr Abraham Adams约瑟·安德鲁传;The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild the Great⼤伟⼈江奈⽣·魏尔德传;The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling汤姆·琼斯;Amelia阿美利亚8、Richard Bringsley Sheridan理查德·谢⽴丹The School for Scsanda造谣学校The Rivals情敌9、Samuel Johnson塞缪尔·约翰⽣1709-1784A Dictionary of the Engligh Language英语语⾔辞典;Lives of Poets诗⼈传;V anity of Human Wishes⼈类欲望的虚幻;Rasselas 拉塞勒斯名⽂：Letter to Lord Chesterfield给吉⼠菲尔伯爵的信10、Oliver Goldsmith哥尔斯密1728-1774The V icar of Wakefield威克菲尔德牧师传;The Citizen of the World世界公民;The Deserted荒村;She Stoops to Conquer屈⾝求爱11、Thomas Gray托马斯·格雷Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌12、William Blake布莱克1757-182713、Poetical Sketches素描诗集;Songs of Innocence天真之歌;Songs of Experience经验之歌；The French Revolution法国⾰命;The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻;America;Milton;Jerusalem 名诗：London;The Tiger14、Robert Burns彭斯1759-1796Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect苏格兰⽅⾔诗集名诗：The Tree of Liberty⾃由村;Scots Wha-Hae苏格兰⼈;The Two Dogs两只狗;Holy Willie’s Prayer威利长⽼的祈祷;My Heart’s in the Highlands我的⼼呀在⾼原;A Red,Red Rose⼀朵红红的玫瑰;John Anderson约翰·安德⽣；My Jo;A Man’s A Man for A’That不管⾝在何处都须保持尊严;Robert Bruce’s March to BannockburnPart 5.Romanticism in England1、William Wordsworth威廉·华兹华斯1770-1850An Evening Walk黄昏漫步;Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集（与柯勒律治合编）;Lucy Poems露西组诗(She Dwett Among the Untrodden Ways;To the Cuckoo杜鹃颂;I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud;The Solitary Reaper孤寂的刈麦⼈);Ode on Intimations of Immorality不朽颂;Ode to Duty义务颂;The Excursion远⾜;The Prelude序曲2、Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治1772-1834Lyrical Ballads;The Fall of the Bastille巴⼠底狱的毁灭;The Rime of the Ancient Mariner⽼船夫;Kubla Khan忽必烈汗;Biographia Literaria⽂学传记Robert Southey骚塞Joan of Arc Wat Tyler3、George Gordon Byron乔治·拜伦1788-1824Hours of Idliness懒散的时刻;English Bords and Scottish Reviewers英国诗⼈与苏格兰评论家;Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage,Cantos I and II,Canto III 1818恰罗德·哈罗德游记;Ode to the Framers of the Frame-bill编织机法案编制者颂;Oriental Tales东⽅叙事诗(The Bride of Abydos阿⽐道斯的新娘;The Corsa海盗;The Siege of Corinth 柯林斯之围);Manfred 曼弗雷德;The Age of Bronze青铜世纪;Don Juan唐·璜名诗：She Walks in Beauty;The Isles of Greece4、Percy Bysshe Shelley波西·⽐希·雪莱1792-1822Queen Mab麦布⼥王;Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗⽶修斯;Adonais阿东尼斯;The Cenci钦契;Song to the Men of England致英国⼈民;England in 1819;The Masque of Anarchy专制魔王的化装游⾏;Ode to the West Wind/a Skylark西风/云雀颂;A Defence of Poetry诗辩5、John Keats约翰·济兹1795-1821 Endymion恩底弥翁;Isabella伊莎贝拉;The Eve of Sanit Agnes圣爱尼节前夜;Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂;Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂;To Autumn秋颂;Hyperion赫披⾥昂（未完成）6、Charles Lamb查尔斯·兰姆1775-1834 Tales from Shakespeare莎⼠⽐亚故事集;Alburn Verses诗集;Essay of Elia伊利亚散⽂集(Dream Children梦中⼉⼥;A Dissertation unpon Roast Pig烤猪论;Old China古瓷;New Y ear’s Eve除⼣;The Praise of Chimney Sweepers扫烟囱童⼯赞;The Superannuated Man领取养⽼⾦的⼈;A Bachelor’s Complaint of the Behavior of Married People单⾝汉对结过婚的⼈的⾏为的抱怨)7、Walter Scott⽡尔特·司各特1771-1832诗：The Minstrlsy of the Scottish Border苏格兰边区歌谣集;Marimion玛⾥恩;The Lady of the Lake湖上夫⼈⼩说：Waverley威弗利;Guy Mannering盖·曼纳令;Rob Roy罗布罗伊;The Heart of Midlothian⽶德洛西恩监狱;Ivanhoe艾凡赫;Kenilworth坎尼尔华斯;Woodstock皇家猎馆;Queentin Durward昆廷·达沃Part 6.English Critical Realism1、Thomas Hood胡德1799-1845The Song of the Shirt衬衫之歌;The Bridge of Sighs悲叹之桥;Miss Kilmansegg and Her Precious Leg基尔曼塞格⼩姐和她贵重的腿2、Ernest Jones琼斯1819-1869⼩说：The Women’s Wrongs妇⼥们的委屈名诗：The Song of the Lower Class;The Song of the Future3、Charles Dickens狄更斯1812-1870The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传;Oliver Twist奥利弗·退斯特;American Notes美国札记;Martin Chuzzlewit马丁·朱述尔维特;The Old Curiosity Shop⽼古玩店;Dombey and Son董贝⽗⼦;DavidCopperfield⼤卫·科波菲尔;Hard Times艰难时世;A Tale of Two Cities双城记;Great Expectation远⼤前程4、William MakepeaceThackery萨克雷1811-1863The Book of Snobs势利者集;V anity Fair名利场;History of Pendennis潘丹尼斯的历史;The History of Henry Esmond亨利·艾斯芒的历史;The Newcomes纽可谟⼀家;The V irginians弗吉尼亚⼈5、Jane Austin简·奥斯丁1775-1817Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见;Sense and Sensibility理智与情感;Emma爱玛;Mansfield Park曼斯菲尔德公园;Persuasion好事多磨;Northanger Abbey诺桑觉寺6、Charlote/Emily/Anne Bronte夏洛蒂/爱⽶丽/安妮·勃郎特1816-1855Jane Eyre简爱;Shirley雪丽/ Wuthering Height呼啸⼭庄/ Agones Grey艾格尼斯·格雷7、Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell盖斯凯尔1810-1865Mary Barton玛丽·巴顿;Ruth露斯;Cranford克兰弗德;North and South北与南;Life of Charlote Bronte夏洛蒂勃郎特传8、George Eliot爱略特(Mary Ann Evans)1819-1880Adam Bede亚当·贝德;The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊；Silas Marner织⼯马南;Middlemarch ⽶德尔马契;Felix Holt,the RadicalPart 7.Prose-writers&Poets of the Mid&Late 19th century1、Thomas Carlyle卡莱尔1795-1881Sartor Resartus⾐裳哲学/旧⾐新裁;The Life of Schiller席勒传;The French Revolution;Heroes and Hero-worship 论英雄与英雄崇拜2、Afred Tennyson丁尼⽣1809-1892Poems of Two Brothers壎篪;Timbuctoo提姆巴克图;The Pricess公主;In Memoriam H H悼念哈拉姆;Maud⽑黛;Enoch Arden伊诺克·阿登;Idylls of the King国王之歌名诗：Ulysses;The Eagle;Break,Break,Break3、Robert Browning勃朗宁1812-1889Paracelsus巴拉塞尔⼠;Strafford斯特拉福;Pippa Passes⽐芭⾛过;Dramatic Lyrics戏剧抒情诗;Dramatic Romances and Lyrics 戏剧传奇与抒情诗(Home Thoughts;From Abroad;Prospice向前看);Dramatic Personae登场⼈物;Men and Women男男⼥⼥4、Elizabeth Barrel Browning 1806-1861Sonnets from the Portuguese葡萄⽛⼗四⾏诗;The Cry of the Children5、William Morris莫⾥斯1834-1896诗：The Earthly Paradise地上乐园;Chants of Socialism社会主义歌集;Pilgrims of Hope希望的探求者⼩说：A Dream of John Ball梦见给翰·保尔;News from Nowher乌有乡消息6、William Hazlitt威廉·赫兹⾥特1778-1830Characters of Shakespeare’s Plays莎剧中的⼈物;A V iew of the English Stage英国舞台⼀瞥;Lecture on the English Poets论英国诗⼈;The Spirit of the Age时代精神;Sketches and Essays素描与随笔;Table Talk桌边⽂谈名⽂：On Familiar Style7、George Gissing吉⾟1857-1903⼩说：Demos民众;New Crub Srreet新穷⼠街;Born in Eile在流放中诞⽣;The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft 拉伊克罗夫特的⽇记（散⽂）;Charles Dickens:A Critical Study狄更斯研究Robert Couis Stevenson史蒂⽂⽣1850-1894 ⼩说：New Arabian Nights新天⽅夜谭;Treasure Island宝岛;The Strange Caseof Dr Jeykell and Mr Hyde化⾝博⼠;Kidnapped诱拐游记：An Inland V oyage内陆游记;Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes骑驴旅⾏;A Child’s Garden of V erses ⼉童诗园8、Oscar Wilde王尔德1856-1900长篇⼩说：The Picture of Dorian Gray道林·格雷的画像童话：The Happy Prince and Other Tales快乐王⼦诗集：De Prafundis惨痛的呼声;The Ballad of Reading Gaol累丁狱之歌剧作：Lady Windermere’s Fan温德⽶尔夫⼈的扇⼦;A Woman of No Importance⼀个⽆⾜轻重的妇⼥;An Ideal Husband理想丈夫;The Importance of Being Earnest埃耐斯特的重要性20th century English literature9、Joseph Rudyard Kipling罗德雅德·吉⼘林1865-1936诗集：Barrak Room Ballad营房诗集;The Seven Seas七海;Recession and Other Poems赞美诗及其他;The Five Nations五国长篇⼩说：Kim基姆;Captain Courageous勇敢的船长短篇⼩说：Plain Tales from the Hills;Soldiers There;The Story of the Gadsby; Life Handcap⽣命的阻⼒;The Jungle Book;The Second Jungle Book林莽之书;The Lost Legion10、Samuel Butler勃特勒1835-1902The Way of All Flesh如此⼈⽣;Erewhon埃瑞璜;Erewhon Revisited重游埃瑞璜11、Joseph Conrad康拉德1859-1924长篇⼩说：Almayer’s Folly奥尔迈耶的愚蠢;The Nigger of the Narcissus⽔仙号上的⿊⿁;Lord Jim吉姆⽼爷;Nostromo诺斯特罗莫;The Secret Agent间谍;Chance机缘;V ictory胜利短篇⼩说：An Outpost of Progress⽂明的前哨;Heart of Darkness⿊暗的中⼼;Y outh青春Henry James Daisy Miller The portrait of a Lady The Wings of the Dove The ambassadors The Golden Bowl 12、Thomas Hardy哈代1840-1928Under the Greenwood Tree绿茵下;Far from the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣;The Return of the Native还乡;The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长;Tess of the D’urbervilles德伯家的苔丝;Jude the Obscure⽆名的裘德诗集：Wessex Poems威塞克斯诗集史诗剧：The Dynasts统治者三部曲13、John Galworthy⾼尔斯华绥1867-1933From the Four Winds天涯海⾓(The Man of Property有产业的⼈;In Chancery骑虎难下;To Let出租→The Forsyte Saga福尔塞世家);(The White Monkey⽩猿;The Silver Spoon银匙;Swan Song天鹅曲→A Modern Comedy现代喜剧) 剧作：The Silver Box 银匣;Strife⽃争12、George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳1856-1950长篇⼩说：An Unsocial Socialist业余社会主义者评论：Quintessence of Ibsenism剧本：Widoer’s Houses鳏夫的房产;Mrs Warren’s Profession华伦夫⼈的职业The Devil’s Disciple魔⿁的门徒;Man and Superman⼈与超⼈;John Bull’s Other Island英国佬的另⼀个岛;Major Barbara巴巴拉少校;Pygmalion劈克美梁;Heartbreak House伤⼼之家;The Apple Cart苹果车;Too True to be Good真相毕露13、William Butler Y eats叶芝1865-1939诗：Respondibilities责任;The Tower塔;The Winding Stair盘旋的楼梯名诗：A Deap Sworn V ow;Easter 1916剧本：The Land of Heart’s Desire理想的国⼟;The Hour Glass时漏;Dedidre黛德尔Autobiographies⾃传三部曲;Essays and Introduction14、Thomas Stearns Eliot艾略特1888-1965诗集：Prufrock and Other Observation普鲁夫洛克及其他;The Waste Land荒原;The Hollow Men空虚的⼈们;Ash-Wednesday 圣灰星期三;Four Quarters诗剧：Murder in the Cathedral⼤教堂⾥的谋杀案;The Family Reunion团圆评论集：The Sacred Wood圣林;Homage to John Dryden向约翰·德莱顿致敬;For Lancelot Andrews纪念兰斯洛特·安德鲁斯15、David Herbert Lawrence劳伦斯1885-1930The White Peacock⽩孔雀;Sons and Lovers⼉⼦与情⼈;The Rainbow虹;Women in Love恋爱中的妇⼥;Lady Chatterley’s Lover查泰莱夫⼈的情⼈16、James Joyce乔伊斯1882-1941短篇⼩说：Dubiners都柏林⼈长篇⼩说：A Portrait of the Artist as a Y oung Man青年艺术家的画像;Ulysess尤利西斯;Finnegans Wake芬尼根的觉醒17、V irginia Woolf沃尔芙1882-1941长篇⼩说：Mrs Dalloway达洛威夫⼈;To the Lighthouse到灯塔去;Orlando奥兰多传;The Waves浪;Flush弗乐希;Between the Acts幕间散⽂集：The Common Readers;The Death of the Moth and Other Essays;A Room of One’s Own;Three Guineas 三个基尼亚名⽂：Modern Fiction现代⼩说⽇记：A Writer’s Diary英国⽂学⼀、古英语时期的英国⽂学（499-1066）1. 贝奥武夫2. 阿尔弗雷德⼤帝：英国散⽂之⽗⼆、中古英语时期的英国⽂学1. allegory体⾮常盛⾏2. Romance开始上升到⼀定的⾼度3. ⾼⽂爵⼠和绿⾐骑⼠4. Willian Langlaud 《农夫⽪尔斯的幻象》5. 乔叟坎特伯雷故事集（英雄双韵体）6. 托马斯.马洛礼《亚瑟王之死》三、⽂艺复兴时期的英国⽂学（伊丽莎⽩时代）（14-16世纪）1. 托马斯.莫尔《乌托邦》2. Thomas Wyatt 和Henry Howard引⼊sonnet3. Philips Sidney《The defense of Poesie》《阿卡迪亚》描述⽥园⽣活现代长篇⼩说的先驱4. 斯宾塞《仙后》诗⼈中的诗⼈；斯宾塞体诗节；5. 莎⼠⽐亚：长篇叙事诗：《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克丝受辱记》四⼤悲剧：哈姆雷特、李尔王、奥赛罗、麦克⽩6. 本.琼森风俗喜剧（comedy of manners）《⼈性互异》7. 约翰.多恩“⽞学派”诗歌创始⼈8. George Herbert ⽞学派诗圣9 . 弗朗西斯.培根现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始⼈之⼀《Essays》英国发展史上的⾥程碑《学术的推进》和《新⼯具》四、启蒙时期（18世纪）1. 约翰、弥尔顿：《失乐园》、《为英国⼈民争辩》2. 约翰、班扬：《天路历程》religious allegory3. 约翰、德莱顿：英国新古典主义的杰出代表、桂冠诗⼈《论戏剧诗》4. 亚历⼭⼤.蒲柏：英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表；英雄双韵体的使⽤达到登峰造极的使⽤；《⽥园组诗》是其最早⽥园诗歌代表作5. 托马斯、格雷：感伤主义中墓园诗派的代表⼈物《墓园挽歌》6. 威廉、布莱克：天真之歌、经验之歌；7. 罗伯特、彭斯：苏格兰最杰出的农民诗⼈；8. Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作创办《The tatler》和《the spectator》9. Samuel defoe 英国现实主义⼩说的奠基⼈之⼀；《鲁滨逊漂流记》；《铲除⾮国教徒的捷径》，以表达⾃⼰的不满；10.Jonathan Swift 《⼀个⼩⼩的建议》；《格列佛游记》；《桶的故事》；11.Samuel Richardson 英国现代⼩说的创始⼈；帕⽶拉；克拉丽莎；查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵⼠的历史；12.Henry Fielding 英国现实主义⼩说理论的奠基⼈；《约瑟夫。
英美文学文学流派的创作特色
英国1. Geoffrey Chaucer, 1343-1400 乔叟Mediaeval Realism (Narrative Poetry)2. William Shakespeare, 1564-1616 莎士比亚T udor Lyric Poetry3. John Donne, 1572-1631约翰·多恩Metaphysical Poetry•4. John Milton, 1608-1674 约翰·米尔顿Epic in English•5. Daniel Defoe, 1661-1731 丹尼尔·笛福Rise of English Realism•6. Oliver Goldsmith, 1728-1774 奥利弗·哥德史密斯Sentimentalism•7. William Wordsworth, 1770-1850 华兹华斯Romanism in English Poetry•8. Charles Dickens, 1812-1870 狄更斯Victorian Critical Realism•9. Thomas Hardy, 1840-1948 托马斯·哈代Critical / Pessimistic Realism•10. E.S. Eliot, 1888-1965 艾略特Naturalism•11. Oscar Wilde 1854-1900 王尔德Aesthetic Movement & Decadents•12. James Joyce, 1882-1941 詹姆斯·乔伊斯Stream of Consciousness 意识流•13. Somerset Maugham, 1874-1965 毛姆Continuity of Critical Realism•14. D.H. Lawrence 1885-1930 劳伦斯Psychological Penetration•15. George Orwell, 1903-1950 乔治·奥威尔Social Satire1、Unit 2 William Shakespeare知识点：英国文学史简介、英国文艺复兴文学特征、人文主义的定义、莎士比亚戏剧和诗歌写作特点,莎士比亚在英国文学史上的地位重点：选读《哈姆雷特》第三幕第一场，赏析莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首难点：《哈姆雷特》主题及哈姆雷特的个性、莎士比亚十四行诗的韵式、人文精神在莎士比亚诗歌和戏剧中的体现2、Unit 3 Francis Bacon知识点：培根的文学地位及其散文风格，《论说文集》的特点、培根的格言名句重点：选读《论婚姻和单身》及《论读书》难点：培根散文的语言特色、修辞手法及理念；人文精神在培根的箴言中的体现3、Unit 4 17th-century British Poets知识点：十七世纪英国资产阶级革命及复辟时期社会背景、十七世纪英国文学特点、弥尔顿诗歌作品的文学特征重点：选读《失乐园》第一部难点：《失乐园》的文学特点、《失乐园》的修辞手法分析、“撒旦”形象分析、古希腊罗马文学和文艺复兴文学传统在《失乐园》中的体现4. Unit6 Romantic Poets（I）& Unit8 Romantic Poets（II）知识点：浪漫主义文学的特征、浪漫主义文学流派、浪漫主义诗歌特征及代表诗人、彭斯的诗歌风格、华兹华斯的诗歌特点、雪莱的诗歌成就、济慈的主要诗作的主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色。
英美文学流派与作家知识点整理
英美文学流派与作家知识点整理英美文学源远流长，在其发展历程中涌现出了众多的文学流派和杰出作家，这些流派和作家的作品不仅反映了当时的社会、文化和历史背景，也展现了人类思想和情感的丰富多样性。
以下是对一些重要的英美文学流派与作家的知识点整理。
一、浪漫主义文学浪漫主义文学兴起于 18 世纪末至 19 世纪初，强调个人情感、想象力和自然的重要性。
（一）英国浪漫主义作家1、威廉·华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）他是英国浪漫主义诗歌的先驱之一，其作品强调对自然的热爱和对普通人生活的关注。
代表作有《抒情歌谣集》（Lyrical Ballads）。
2、塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge）他的诗作充满奇幻的想象和神秘的元素，《古舟子咏》（The Rime of the Ancient Mariner）是其经典之作。
3、乔治·戈登·拜伦（George Gordon Byron）拜伦以其奔放的激情和叛逆的精神著称，作品有《唐璜》（Don Juan）等。
4、珀西·比希·雪莱（Percy Bysshe Shelley）雪莱的诗歌富有理想主义和革命精神，《西风颂》（Ode to theWest Wind）广为流传。
（二）美国浪漫主义作家1、华盛顿·欧文（Washington Irving）他的作品具有浓厚的地方色彩和幽默风格，《瑞普·凡·温克尔》（Rip Van Winkle）是其代表作。
2、詹姆斯·费尼莫·库珀（James Fenimore Cooper）以描写边疆生活和印第安人而闻名，《皮袜子故事集》（The Leatherstocking Tales）是其重要作品。
二、现实主义文学现实主义文学在 19 世纪中叶兴起，注重真实地反映社会现实和生活。
（一）英国现实主义作家1、查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）狄更斯的作品生动描绘了英国社会底层人民的生活，如《雾都孤儿》（Oliver Twist）、《大卫·科波菲尔》（David Copperfield）。
英美文学选读要点整理
英美文学选读要点整理英美文学是指主要产生于英国和美国的文学作品。
这些作品普遍被认为是世界文学史上的经典之作，它们不仅反映了当时人们的思想、风俗和历史背景，而且对后世的文学创作和思想影响深远。
本文将对英美文学的一些经典作品和代表人物展开介绍，以便读者了解基本要点。
一、莎士比亚戏剧威廉·莎士比亚是英国文学中最伟大的戏剧家之一，他的戏剧作品为后世文学创作和人类思想发展做出了重要贡献。
《哈姆雷特》、《麦克白》、《李尔王》、《奥赛罗》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等都是经典之作，其传世的主题和人物追求真理、权力、爱情、自由等，至今仍然在全球范围内广为演出和阅读。
二、乔治·爱留信的小说乔治·爱留信是19世纪英国小说的代表人物之一，她的作品关注现实、自由与平等等问题，无论在文学、政治、社会观点上均有着极高的分量。
《简爱》、《呼啸山庄》、《租户人生》等作品都曾引发社会议题的讨论，一些作品甚至被认为标志着英国小说的“新浪潮”。
三、查尔斯·狄更斯的小说查尔斯·狄更斯是19世纪英国最著名的小说家之一，他的作品关注社会中下层人民的生活、权利和不公平，以及对社会的批判。
他的作品被认为是英国小说的巅峰之一，如《呼啸山庄》、《人间喜剧》等均建立了极高的声誉。
四、海明威的小说海明威是20世纪美国最著名的小说家之一，他的作品具有天才的文学技巧和特立独行的风格。
《老人与海》、《太阳也辉煌》、《对一个没有人问津的人说话》等作品，都标志着他的文学成就。
他的作品关注人物的生命意义，对现代文化产生了深远的影响。
五、弗兰纳·奥康纳的短篇小说弗兰纳·奥康纳是20世纪美国南方最著名的小说家之一，她的短篇小说关注信仰、教育和人的本性等问题。
她的作品以强烈的宗教信仰和犀利的文学抨击而著名，如《下海湾》、《一朵草地》、《歌者猝死》等作品，刻画出各种虚伪、愚昧和堕落的形象。
英美文学人物
威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare，1564-1616），戏剧家，诗人。
生于艾冯河畔的斯特拉福德，并在那里度过童年和青少年。
1586年左右离开故乡，前往伦敦，在剧场做过一段时间杂活，后来开始参与演出一些不太重要的角色。
从1590年起至1613年，他一共创作了38部（一说39部）戏剧，样式包括喜剧、编年史剧、悲剧、传奇剧等，最著名的戏剧包括《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet, 1595 ）、《亨利四世（上篇）》（Henry IV, Part I, 1597）、《威尼斯商人》（The Merchant of Venice, 1596）、《第十二夜》（Twelfth Night, 1600）、《皆大欢喜》（As you like it）、《仲夏夜之梦》（The midsummer night’s dream）、《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet, 1601）、《奥赛罗》（Othello, 1604）、《李尔王》（King Lear, 1605）、《麦克白》（Macbeth, 1606）、《冬天的故事》（Winter’s Tale, 1610）、《暴风雨》（The Tempest, 1 612）等。
莎士比亚还创作有154首十四行诗和7首长诗。
1613年，莎士比亚返回故乡，三年后病逝。
莎士比亚的同代戏剧家本·琼生的“他不属于一个时代，而是属于永远”的赞词，多少表达了数百年来莎士比亚在世界文明和文学中的地位。
约翰·弥尔顿（John Milton，1608-1674），诗人。
弥尔顿的一生和创作大约可分为三个时期：他16岁时入剑桥大学，并开始用拉丁文和英文写诗；1638-39年间，他前往欧洲旅行，并同当时被囚禁的伽利略见过面。
这一时期的主要作品是一些短诗，比较优秀的有《利西达斯》（Lycidas, 1637）等。
1639年，英国革命即将爆发，他返回英国。
英美文学家供你查询
英美文学家供你查询。
Litterateurs of English and American (英美文学家）文学家英美（英美文学家）A字母aJane Austen (1775-1817)简奥斯汀（1775年至1817年）Louisa M. Alcott (1832-1888)路易莎米奥尔科特（1832年至1888年）B乙Three Sisters of Bronte勃朗特三姐妹Francis Bacon ( 1561-1626)弗朗西斯培根（1561-1626）John Bunyan (1628-1688)约翰班扬（1628年至1688年）C荤Joseph Conrad (1857-1924)约瑟夫康拉德（1857年至1924年）Lewis Carroll (1832-1898)刘易斯卡罗尔（1832年至1898年）Stephen Crane (1871-1900)斯蒂芬克莱恩（1871至1900年）Wilkie Collins (1824-1889)威尔基柯林斯（1824年至1889年）Willa Cather (1873-1947)薇拉凯瑟（1873年至1947年）D ḎCharles Dickens (1812-1870)狄更斯（1812至1870 年）Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)丹尼尔笛福（1660至1731年）Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930)柯南道尔爵士（1859年至1930年）E首页George Eliot (1819-1880)乔治艾略特（1819年至1880 年）Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)爱默生（1803-1882）F FBenjamin Franklin (1706-1790)本杰明富兰克林（1706-1790）Henry Fielding (1707-1754)亨利菲尔丁（1707年至1754年）G摹Elizabeth C. Gaskell (1810-1865)伊丽莎白长加斯克尔（1810至65年）H ħNathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)霍桑（1804至64 年）Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)托马斯哈代（1840至1928年）I我Washington Irving (1783-1859)华盛顿欧文（1783年至1859年）J ĵHenry James (1843-1916)亨利詹姆斯（1843至1916年）Jmes Joyce (1882-1941)詹姆斯乔伊斯（1882-1941）Thomas Jefferson托马斯杰斐逊K亩Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)吉卜林（1865年至1936年）L蜇Andrew Lang (1844-1912)安德鲁朗（1844至1912年）DH Lawrence (1855-1930)劳伦斯（1855年至1930年）Jack London (1876-1916)杰克伦敦（1876年至1916年）M MHerman Melville (1819-1891)赫尔曼梅尔维尔（1819-1891）John Milton (1608-1674)约翰弥尔顿（1608至1674年）William Morris (1834-1896)威廉•莫里斯（1834年至1896年）N ñFrank Norris (1870-1902)弗兰克诺里斯（1870至1902 年）S šHarriet B. Stowe (1811-1896)哈丽二斯托（1811年至1896年）Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)乔纳森斯威夫特（1667年至1745年）Mary W. Shelly (1797-1851)总统玛丽雪莱（1797年至1851年）Walter Scott (1771-1832)沃尔特司各特（1771年至1832年）William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚Robert L. Stevenson (1850-1894)罗伯特斯蒂文森（1850至94年）T ŤHenry David Thoreau (1817-1862)亨利大卫梭罗（1817-1862）Mark Twain (1835-1910)马克吐温（1835-1910）William Thackeray (1811-1863)威廉萨克雷（1811年至1863年）W糯Edith Wharton (1862-1937)伊迪丝华顿（1862年至1937年）HG Wells (1866-1946)韦尔斯（1866年至1946年）Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)奥斯卡王尔德（1854年至00年）English and American Literature Works (英美文学作品目录）英美文学作品（英美文学作品目录）A字母aAlice's Adventures in Wonderland ( by Lewis Caroll)爱丽丝梦游仙境（由刘易斯卡罗尔）Alexander's Bridge (by Willa Cather)亚历山大桥（由薇拉凯瑟）Agnes Grey (by Anne Bronte)阿格尼斯格雷（由安妮朗特）A House of Pomegranates (by Oscar Wilde)甲府（奥斯卡王尔德的石榴）A Woman of No Importance (by Oscar Wilde)一个女人（奥斯卡王尔德无足轻重）A Ideal Husband (by Oscar Wilde)理想丈夫（奥斯卡王尔德）Almayer's Folly (by Joseph Conrad ) Almayer的愚蠢（约瑟夫康拉德）A Tale of Two Cities (by Charles Dickens)一个故事（由查尔斯狄更斯的双城记）American Notes (by Charles Dickens) （由查尔斯狄更斯的美国债券）A Christmas Carol (by Charles Dickens)圣诞颂歌（查尔斯狄更斯）A Study in Scarlet (by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle)阿血字的研究（由柯南道尔爵士）Adam Bede (by George Eliot)亚当比德（乔治艾略特）A Pair of Blue Eyes (by Thomas Hardy)阿对（哈代的蓝眼睛）A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (by James Joyce)阿作为一个青年艺术家的画像（由詹姆斯乔伊斯）Autobiography (by Thomas Jefferson)自传（由托马斯杰斐逊）A Dream of John Ball and A King's Lesson (by William Morris)阿约翰球和国王的教训梦（由威廉莫里斯）Across the Plains (by Robert L. Stevenson)在平原（由罗伯特斯蒂文森）An Inland Voyage (by Robert L. Stevenson)一个内陆之旅（由罗伯特斯蒂文森）A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (by Mark Twain)一个亚瑟王法庭康涅狄格扬基（马克吐温）A Tramp Abroad (by Mark Twain)阿国外（马克吐温的流氓）Ann Veronica (by HG Wells)安婆婆（由威尔斯）B乙Barnaby Rudge (by Charles Dickens)巴纳比拉奇（查尔斯狄更斯）Bleak House (by Charles Dickens)荒凉山庄（查尔斯狄更斯）Burning Daylight (by Jack London)燃烧日光（由杰克伦敦）Benito Cereno (by Herman Melville)贝尼托Cereno（由赫尔曼梅尔维尔）Billy Budd (by Herman Melville)比利巴德（由赫尔曼梅尔维尔）Blix (by Frank Norris)布利克斯（由弗兰克诺里斯）Bride of Lammermoor (by Walter Scott)在拉美摩尔的新娘（由沃尔特斯科特）Bunner Sisters (by Edith Wharton) Bunner姐妹（由伊迪丝华顿）C荤Cousin Phillis (by Elizabeth C. Gaskell)表哥菲利丝（由伊丽莎白长加斯克尔）Cranford (by Elizabeth C. Gaskell)克兰福德（由伊丽莎白长加斯克尔）D ḎDavid Copperfield (by Charles Dickens)大卫科波菲尔（查尔斯狄更斯）Domby and Son (by Charles Dickens) Domby和儿子（查尔斯狄更斯）Daisy Miller (by Henry James)戴米勒（由亨利詹姆斯）Death of the Lion (by Henry James)狮子的死亡（由亨利詹姆斯）Dubliners (by James Joyce)都柏林（詹姆斯乔伊斯）E首页Emma (by Jane Austen)爱玛（简奥斯汀）Essays (byFrancis Bacon)散文（byFrancis培根）English Traits (by Ralph Waldo Emerson)英国性状（由爱默生）Essays (by Ralph Waldo Emerson)散文（由爱默生）F FFar from the Madding Crowd (by Thomas Hardy)从尘嚣远东（哈代）Frankenstein (by Mary W. Shelly)科学怪人（由总统玛丽雪莱）G摹Good Wives (by Louisa M. Alcott ) （由路易莎米科特好妻子）Great Expectations (by Charles Dickens) （由查尔斯狄更斯远大前程）Gulliver's Travels (by Jonathan Swift)格列佛游记（由乔纳森斯威夫特）H ħHeart of Darkness (by Joseph Conrad )黑暗的心脏（约瑟夫康拉德）Hard Times (by Charles Dickens)艰难时世（查尔斯狄更斯）House of Mirth (by Edith Wharton)欢乐之家（由伊迪丝华顿）I我Ivanhoe (by Walter Scott)艾芬豪矿业公司（由Walter斯科特）In the South Seas (by Robert L. Stevenson)在南洋（由罗伯特斯蒂文森）Intentions (by Oscar Wilde)意图（奥斯卡王尔德）J ĵJane Eyre (by Charlotte Bronte )简爱（由夏洛特勃朗特）Jude the Obscure (by Thomas Hardy)无名的裘德（哈代）John Barleycorn (by Jack London)威士忌（由杰克伦敦）K亩Kim (by Rudyard Kipling)金（由拉迪亚德吉卜林）Kidnapped (by Robert L. Stevenson)绑架（由罗伯特斯蒂文森）L蜇Little Woman (by Louisa M. Alcott )小女人（由露易莎米科特）Lord Jim (by Joseph Conrad )吉姆爷（约瑟夫康拉德）Little Dorrit (by Charles Dickens)小杜丽（查尔斯狄更斯）Letters (by Thomas Jefferson)字母（由托马斯杰斐逊）Lady Chatterlay's Lover (by DH Lawrence)夫人Chatterlay人的情人（由劳伦斯）Love of Life and Other Stories (by Jack London)生活及其他故事爱情（由杰克伦敦）Life on the Mississippi (by Mark Twain)密西西比河上的生活（马克吐温）Lady Windermere's Fan (by Oscar Wilde)温夫人的扇子（奥斯卡王尔德）Lord Arthur Savile's Crime and Other Stories (by Oscar Wilde)阿瑟萨维尔勋爵的犯罪和其他故事（奥斯卡王尔德）M MMansfield Park (by Jane Austen)曼斯菲尔德公园（由简奥斯汀）aggie- A Girl of the Streets (by Stephen Crane)玛吉给街道的女孩（由斯蒂芬克莱恩）My Antonia (by Willa Cather)我的安东（由薇拉凯瑟）Martin Chuzzlewit (by Charles Dickens)马丁朱述尔维特（查尔斯狄更斯）Martin Eden ( by Jack London)马丁伊登（由杰克伦敦）Moll Flanders (by Daniel Defoe)摩尔弗兰德斯（由丹尼尔笛福）Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle)福尔摩斯回忆录（由柯南道尔爵士）Middlemarch (by George Eliot)米德尔马契（乔治艾略特）Mary Barton (by Elizabeth C. Gaskell)玛丽巴顿（由伊丽莎白长加斯克尔）Mosses from an Old Manse (by Nathaniel Hawthorne)从旧万岁藓类植物（由霍桑）Moby Dick (The Whale) (by Herman Melville)白鲸（鲸）（由赫尔曼梅尔维尔）McTeague (by Frank Norris)麦提格（由弗兰克诺里斯）Moan of the Lady Letty (by Frank Norris)的夫人芝莫兰（由弗兰克诺里斯）Master of Ballantrae (by Robert L. Stevenson)在巴伦特雷硕士（由罗伯特斯蒂文森）Mark Twain's Speeches (by Mark Twain)马克吐温的演讲辞（马克吐温）N ñNostromo (by Joseph Conrad )罗摩（约瑟夫康拉德）No Name (by Wilkie Collins)编号名称（由韦基柯林斯）Nicholas Nickleby (by Charles Dickens)尼古拉斯尼克尔贝（查尔斯狄更斯）North and South (by Elizabeth C. Gaskell)北方和南方（由伊丽莎白长加斯克尔）News from Nowhere (by William Morris)新闻从零开始（由威廉莫里斯）O ØO Pioneers! Ø先锋！(by Willa Cather) （由薇拉凯瑟）Oliver Twist (by Charles Dickens)雾都孤儿（查尔斯狄更斯）Our Mutual Friend (by Charles Dickens)我们共同的朋友（由查尔斯狄更斯）P PPersuasion (by Jane Austen)说服（由简奥斯汀）Pride and Prejudice (by Jane Austen)傲慢与偏见（简奥斯汀）Poor Richard's Almanack (1733-1758) (by Benjamin Franklin)穷理查的年鉴（1733年至1758年）（由本杰明富兰克林）Puck of Pook's Hill (by Rudyard Kipling)对普克山的帕克（由拉迪亚德吉卜林）Paradise Lost (by John Milton)失乐园（约翰弥尔顿）Paradise Regained (by John Milton)复乐园（约翰弥尔顿）Prince Otto (by Robert L. Stevenson)王子奥托（由罗伯特斯蒂文森）R ṛRobinson Crusoe-1 (by Daniel Defoe)鲁滨逊克鲁索- 1迪福（由丹尼尔）Robinson Crusoe-2 (by Daniel Defoe)鲁滨逊克鲁索- 2迪福（由丹尼尔）Ruth (by Elizabeth C. Gaskell)露丝（由伊丽莎白长加斯克尔）Roderick Hudson (by Henry James)罗德里克哈德逊（由亨利詹姆斯）Rewards and Fairies (by Rudyard Kipling)奖励和仙子（由拉迪亚德吉卜林）Rob Roy (by Walter Scott)罗布罗伊（由沃尔特斯科特）S šSense and Sensibility (by Jane Austen)理智与情感（简奥斯汀）Silas Marner (by George Eliot)织工马南（乔治艾略特）Sylvia's Lovers (by Elizabeth C. Gaskell)西尔维亚的情人（由伊丽莎白长加斯克尔）Sons and Lovers (by DH Lawrence)儿子与情人（由劳伦斯）Summer (by Edith Wharton)夏季（由伊迪丝华顿）T ŤThe Tenant of Wildfell Hall (by Anne Bronte)该租客（由安妮•勃朗特的Wildfell厅）The Professor (by Charlotte Bronte )该教授（由夏洛特勃朗特）The Pilgrim's Progress (by John Bunyan)天路历程（约翰班扬）The Holy War (by John Bunyan)神圣的战争（由约翰本仁）The Secret Agent (by Joseph Conrad )秘密特工（约瑟夫康拉德）The Nigger of the Marcissus (by Joseph Conrad )该Marcissus黑鬼（约瑟夫康拉德）he Shadow Line (by Joseph Conrad )阴影线（约瑟夫康拉德）The Red Badge of Courage (by Stephen Crane)在红色英勇勋章（由斯蒂芬克莱恩）The Moonstone (by Wilkie Collins)在长石（由韦基柯林斯）The Woman in White (by Wilkie Collins)的女人（由韦基柯林斯白）The New Magdalen (by Wilkie Collins)新马格达伦（由韦基柯林斯）The Song of the Lark (by Willa Cather)在百灵歌（由薇拉凯瑟）The Troll Garden and Selected Stories (by Willa Cather)的巨魔花园和故事选编（由薇拉凯瑟）The Door in the Wall and Other Stories (by HG Wells)在门（由韦尔斯在华尔街及其他故事）The First Man in the Moon (by HG Wells)在月球第一人（由威尔斯）The Invisible Man (by HG Wells)隐形人（由威尔斯）The Island of Doctor Moreau (by HG Wells)岛（由威尔斯博士的莫罗）The Time Machine (by HG Wells)时间机器（由威尔斯）The War in the Air (by HG Wells)战争（由韦尔斯在空气中）The War of the Worlds (by HG Wells)战争（由韦尔斯的世界）Tono Bungay (by HG Wells)托诺邦吉（由威尔斯）The Battle of Life (by Charles Dickens)生命之战（查尔斯狄更斯）The Cricket on the Hearth (by Charles Dickens)关于炉膛板球（查尔斯狄更斯）The Haunted Man and the Ghost's Bargain (by Charles Dickens)闹鬼的人与鬼的平价（查尔斯狄更斯）The Mystery of Edwin Drood (by Charles Dickens)神秘（由查尔斯狄更斯的埃德温Drood）。
英美文学
英国文学：Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂.勃朗特（1816-1855）现实主义时期文学代表作：1、《简.爱》（Jane Eyre，1847）2、《雪莉》（Shirley，1849）3、《维莱特》（Villette, 1853）4、《教师》（The Professor, 1857）5、《柯勒、埃利斯和阿克顿.贝尔诗集》（Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell）(withEmily Bronte and Anne Bronte)《简.爱》1、罗切斯特先生罗切斯特先家资巨富，但是却受到了父亲、兄长的伤害。
他是那种阴郁和冷酷的形象,但骨子里他们却都是多情而又善良的人。
对简爱的感情可以看出，他对贫富差异的观点不屑一顾，是那种痴情的男人，同时他又不愿意和简爱分享他的秘密，可见他有很独立的个性。
从要娶英格拉姆小姐，还有他扮成女巫的两种事情上看，他还是一个很有戏剧性的人。
他不让向简爱隐瞒自己有妻子的事实，以及许多言语可以看出他有些独断专行。
不过他和自己的妻子没有任何的感情，而且几次险些被已经疯癫的妻子害死，最后火灾的时候依然能够想要去搭救她，可见罗切斯特是很善良的人。
在他残废后，他拒绝和简爱结婚表现了他的自尊心非常强。
可以数罗切斯特是一个被家庭教条束缚而导致的悲剧角色，不过他以自己的行动打破了教条，并且和简爱一起赢得了幸福2、简.爱的自尊和婚姻观What is Jane Eyre’s view of love as reflected in the excerpt?When we connect death with life, we’ll find our life requiring more cherishment---love your life and love the people (be kind to others). Jane listened to the call of her inner world. Once caught it, she pursued it-- she fell in love with her master bravely. She cherished everything around her: the people, the plant, the animal and the whole nature. Besides Mr. Rochester, she was kind to her friends, her cousins, her students and the servants, even to the dog and the moorland. To her hostile enemy, Jane gave the same mercy: Mrs. Reed, her daughters and son, the evil mad woman of Mr. Rochester.Jane was totally a speaker of the author Charlotte: what can we do before the hardness of life, including death? Charlotte learned to have (and maybe decided to love). The love consisted of two passions: the deep feeling to the human and the thankful cherishment of being. With constant sufferings in life, which were believed to be unbearable for most of us, Charlotte struggled to live her noble life, taking her responsibility in family and society, starving friendship and pursuing her career.Thomas Hardy托马斯·哈代（1840-1928）1、《德伯家的苔丝》（Tess of the D’Urbervilles，）2、《无名的裘德》（Jude the Obscure，1895）3、《远离尘嚣》（Far from the madding crowd，1874）George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳(1856 - 1950)1、《圣女贞德》（Saint Joan）2、《卖花女》（Pygmalion）3、《魔鬼的门徒》（The Devil's Disciple）4、《人与超人》（Man and Superman）5、《华伦夫人的职业》（Mrs Warren's Profession）6、《巴巴拉少校》（Major Barbara）7、《苹果车》（The Apple Cart）8、《凯撒和克娄巴特拉》（Caesar and Cleopatra）James Joyce 詹姆斯.乔伊斯（1882-1941）现代主义文学代表作：1、《都柏林人》（Dubliners, 1914）短篇小说集（早期）2、《一个青年艺术家的画像》（A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man，1916）自传性（早期）3、《尤利西斯》（Ulysses, 1922）：记载迪达勒斯（Dedalous）、布卢姆（Bloom）和布卢姆的妻子莫莉（Molly）三个人物一天的日常琐事，力图展现生活的本质和对人精神世界探索4、《芬尼根的觉醒》（Finnegans Wake, 1939）将意识流技巧推向极致（streams of consciousness）《阿拉比》---《都柏林人》第三篇—--一个男孩浪漫幻想破碎的成长故事“G azing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derides by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger.”细节描写、象征意义男孩爱上的邻居家“曼根的姐姐”没有点名真实姓名，爱上的只是个美丽意象。
英美文学作家及作品(重要表格)
到灯塔去
Joseph Conrad
约瑟夫.康拉德
Heart of Darkness
Lord Jim
黑暗之心
吉姆老爷
wrence
戴维.赫伯特.劳伦斯
Sons and Lovers
The Rainbow
Woman in Love
儿子与情人
虹
恋爱中的女人
William Golding
Indian Camp
在我们的时代里
太阳照样升起
永别了，武器
老人与海
印第安人营地
F. Scott Fitzgerald
弗.斯科特.费兹杰拉德
The Waste Land
Ash Wednesday
Four Quartets
普鲁弗洛克的情歌
荒原
灰星期三
四个四重奏
W. H. Auden
W.H.奥登
Drama
Samuel Beckett
塞缪尔.贝克特
Waiting for Godot
等待戈多
Harold Pinter
海诺德.品特
The Birthday Party
Sense and Sensibility
Northanger Abbey
Mansfield Park
Pride and Prejudice
Emma
Persuasion
理智与感情
诺桑觉寺
曼斯菲尔德公园
傲慢与偏见
爱玛
劝告
The Bronte Sisters
(Charlotte Bronte
Emily Bronte
The Turn of the Screw
The Wing of the Dove
人文常识-英美文学
约翰·弥尔顿
约翰·德莱顿
亚历山大·蒲柏 萨缪尔·毕博思 丹尼尔·笛福 萨缪尔·理查森 新古典主义时 期（17世纪中 期-18世纪） 亨利·菲尔丁
乔纳森·斯威夫特 约翰·班扬 奥利弗·格尔斯密 理查德·布林斯利·谢里丹 塞缪尔·约翰逊 托马斯·格雷 威廉·布莱克 罗伯特·彭斯
威廉·华兹华斯
萨缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治
奥斯卡·王尔德
罗伯特·布朗宁
罗伯特·史蒂文森
托马斯·哈代
威廉·梅克皮斯·萨克雷 威廉·莫里斯
E.M.福斯特
乔治·萧伯纳
约翰·高尔斯华绥
威廉·巴特勒·叶茨现代主义时期 （19世纪末） 大卫·赫伯特·劳伦斯
毛姆 乔治·奥威尔
詹姆斯·乔伊斯
维吉尼亚·沃尔夫
识——英国文学
作品 《贝奥武甫》 《坎特伯雷故事集》 《百鸟议会》 《公爵夫人之书》 《特洛勒斯和科丽西德》 《玫瑰罗曼史》 《声誉之堂》 《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》 《阿卡迪亚》 《阿斯特洛菲尔与斯特拉》 《为诗辩护》 《仙后》 《牧羊人日记》 《乌托邦》 《爱德华二世》 《浮士德博士》 《帖木耳大帝》 《仲夏夜之梦》 《终成眷属》 《皆大欢喜》 《哈姆雷特》 《李尔王》 《麦克白》 《奥赛罗》 《无事生非》 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 《冬天的故事》 《暴风雨》 《错误的喜剧》 《威尼斯商人》 《驯悍记》 《第十二夜》 《炼金术士》 《论说文集》 《学术的推进》 《新大西岛》 《新工具》 《神圣十四行》 《跳蚤之歌》 《去抓住一颗流星》 《歌谣与十四行诗》 《科马斯》 《快乐的人》 备注
四大悲剧
《论出版自由》 《列西达斯》 《失乐园》 《复乐园》 《力士参孙》 《一切为了爱》 《亚历山大的宴会》 《论戏剧诗歌》 《论批评》 《人论》 《奥德修记》 《卷发劫遇记》 《日记》 《鲁滨逊漂流记》 《大疫年日记》 《帕米拉》 《克拉丽莎》 《查尔斯·格莱德生爵士的历史》 《阿米莉亚》 《汤姆·琼斯》 《约瑟夫·安德鲁》 《格列佛游记》 《一个温和的建议》 《一个木桶的故事》 《天路历程》 《威克菲尔德牧师》 《屈身求爱》 《造谣学校》 《情敌》 《英语大辞典》 《墓园挽歌》 《春之颂》 《素描诗集》 《经验之歌》 《天真之歌》 《我的心在高原》 《一朵红红的玫瑰》 《抒情歌谣集》 《露茜组诗》 《我心荡漾》 《致布谷鸟》 《忽必烈汗》 《克里斯特贝尔》 《巴士底狱的倒塌》 《古舟子咏》 《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》 《该隐》
英美文学部分作家的介绍和评论
Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)Life1. Rich life experience: a royal page, a soldier, a diplomat, a government official, a courtier.2. Wide range of learning: familiar with European languages, literature and culture, Latin, French and Italian, had excellent knowledge of literature, law, science and medicine.Literary career1. French period (1360s-1372)Chiefly under the influence of Medieval French literature;“Romance of the Rose”2. Italian period (1373-1385)Influenced by Italian literature of early Renaissance; Dante (Divine Comedy), Boccaccio (Decameron), PetrarchTriolus and Criseyde, the House of Fame, the Legend of Good Women3. English period (1386-1400)The Canterbury Tales, his masterpieceThe Canterbury TalesI. Plot overview see 刘炳善P22II. General PrologueFramework, pilgrimage, the Tabard Inn, the Shrine of St. Thomas,The pilgrims: from all walks of life, different in social position, personality, appearance, habit, manner, interest--—nearly all English classes are represented except the royalty and the serfs.The story-telling game,The portraits of the pilgrims, an excellent masterpiece of realistic character portrayal, the father of English realism;The tales as diverse as the pilgrims: pious, profane, tender, rude and obscene, serious, humorous and funny;Types of the tales: romances, moral stories, comedies, animal fables—form: most written in verse heroic coupletIII. Social significance see刘炳善P24IV. Chaucer’s language: late Middle English, simple and plain, vivid and exactWhan that Aprille with his showers swooteThe drought of Marche hath pierced to the root,Chaucer as forerunner of English Renaissance:a) free thinking permeateb) belief in the right of man to earthly happinessc) praise man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love for life,d) opposed to the dogma of asceticismChaucer as father of English poetry:1. He contributed a great deal to the establishment of English as the literary language of England, based on London dialect.2. He introduced from French poetry various rhymed metrical forms (especially the heroic couplet”) to English poetry.Opening passage of the General PrologueAs soon as April pierces to the rootThe drought of March, and bathes each bud and shootThrough every vein of sap with gentle showersFrom whose engendering liqour spring the flowers;When zephyrs have breathed softly all aboutInspiring every wood and field to sprout,And in the zodiac the youthful sunHis journey halfway through the Ram has run;When little birds are busy with their songWho sleep with open eyes the whole night longLife stirs their hearts and tingles in them so,Then off pilgrims people long to go,And palmers to set out for distant strandsAnd foreign shrines renowned in many lands.And specially in England people rideTo Canterbury from every countrysideTo visit there the blessed martyred saintWho gave them strength when they were sick and faint.In Southwark at the Tabard one spring dayIt happened, as I stopped there on my way,Myself a pilgrim with a heart devoutReady for Canterbury to set out,At night came all of twenty-nine assortedTravelers, and to that same inn resorted,Who by a turn of fortune chanced to fallIn fellowship together, and they were allPilgrims who had it in their minds to rideToward Canterbury. The stable doors were wide,The rooms were large, and we enjoyed the best,And shortly, when the sun had gone to rest,I had so talked with each that presentlyI was a member of their companyAnd promised to rise early the next dayTo start, as I shall show, upon our way.But none the less, while I have time and space,Before this tale has gone a further pace,I should in reason tell you the conditionOf each of them, his rank and his position,And also what array they all were in;And so then, with a knight I will begin.Study of the opening passage(吴伟仁P45--46)1．In spring when flowers grow and birds sing，people long to go on pilgrimage and the English particularly go to Canterbury，the shrine of St. Thomas.2. The Ram (白羊宫): One of the signs of the zodiac (黄道带) through whose house the sun passes between the middle of March and middle of April. (At another place the narrator gives the date as 18 April.)3. So nature pricks them: so strongly are they moved by natural impulse.4. Palmers (后来指Pilgrims): Pilgrims who wore a palm-leaf or branch in their hats, in token of having visited the holy land.April’s sweet showers have penetrated the dry earth of May, moistening the roots, which in turn coax flowers out of ground; Z ephers, the warm gentle west wind, has breathed life into the fields; and the birds chirp merrily. We have a picture of the reawakening of the natural world, budding flowers, growing crops, singing birds.After a long sleep of winter, people began to stir, feeling the need to go on pilgrimage, a travel to holy place as a means of spiritual cleansing and renewal; people feel the need to get up, stretch their legs and see the world outside the window; pilgrimage combined spring vacations with religious purification.The keynote is established in the opening passage: joyful, cheerful, light-hearted, optimistic, hopeful, lively.The imagery in the opening passage is of spring’s renewal and rebirth.The portrait of the nun: (吴伟仁P48--51)1. Whose smile gentle and full of guilelessness: quiet and innocent. Her expression should have been sober and withdrawn, perhaps even forbidding.2. By St. Loy: It was contrary to the rules of the nun’s order to swear (By Christ) all but as St. Loy himself refused to swe ar, to swear by him is considered as a “ white ” oath, an innocen t oath.She never uses rude language: showing her good breeding, being polite, cultured, refined.1. With comely air….: gracefully, without straining or grabbing.2. She was a great delight: The gayest company, very merry and nice.3. Had her pride, both amiable: She is friendly and gracious in her ways, but she does not unbend far enough to lose her dignity, whether as a prioress or as a lady.4. The example of her charity reveals Chaucer’s ironic purpose. It shows how badly the nun’s charity and pity are misdirected. Amour: earthly love. No sympathy for the suffering people. Rosery: well-formed, well-shaped.A nun is a religious woman who vows to poverty, purity and obedience, a woman who dedicates herself to the service of God, who vows to live a life of……Poverty: not pursuing any material wealth.Purity chastityObedience having to obey the rules set by God.Chaucer shows us a woman whose real interests lie not with her religious vocation, the service of God, but in a fashionable world, which she knows only by hearsay. There is comic incongruity (disagreement) in the nun, disagreement between her behaviour and her sacred calling. She appears more like a fashionable lady than a nun. too worldly, a sense of affectation, affected, not natural.Vain: superior social position, follow (immitate) the trends practiced by the upper-class society.By revealing this, Chaucer satirized the nun in the disguise of approving observations.Depicting the nun in an ironic and humourous way.Gentle, mild satire (mocking). Failing to live out her oath.She is vain, affected, hypocritical, worldly, more like a fashionable lady than a nun. Here Chaucer’s tone in portraying the nun is humourously satirical.Poetic form: heroic couplet (英雄双韵体)----rhyming pairs in iambic pentameter (Five accents in iambic meter in a line)（抑扬格五音步）As soon /as A/pril pier/ces to/ the root/The drought /of March/ and bathes/ each bud/ and shoot/Foot（音步）: basic unit in metrical poetry(containing one stressed syllable and one or more unstressed syllables), iambic foot ( above, defeat); trochaic foot (welcome, empty);Anapaestic foot (understand, introduce)Metre（格律）: a fixed arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables; the number of feet in a line determines its meter: trimeter,tetrameter, pentameterRhyme: the use of similar-sounding words in poetryQuestions:1. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry2. The social significance of the Canterbury Tales3. For the quotations listed above please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken, and point out the metrical form, then give a brief analysis.4. From which places can you see the nun is treated in an ironic manner? Try to illustrate them.乔叟（约1343─1400）是英国诗人，生于伦敦一中产阶级家庭。
专业的英美文学作家
专业的英美文学作家英美文学作为世界文学史上的重要组成部分，涌现了众多的优秀作家。
这些作家以其深邃的思想、精湛的技艺和独特的创作风格闻名于世，对世界文学产生了深远的影响。
本文将介绍几位专业的英美文学作家，探讨他们的作品和对文学界的贡献。
一、威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）威廉·莎士比亚被誉为英美文学史上最伟大的作家之一。
他的作品涵盖戏剧、诗歌和散文等各个领域，包括《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、《麦克白》等经典作品。
莎士比亚的作品充满了深刻的人性思考和对社会现象的批判，他对人类情感、道德困境和政治权力的描绘深入人心。
莎士比亚的戏剧作品被广泛演出，并对后世文学和戏剧创作产生了深远的影响。
二、简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen）简·奥斯汀是英国文学史上最重要的女性作家之一。
她的作品主要以描绘乡村社会中的婚姻和家庭生活为题材，以细腻入微的笔触和幽默风趣的叙述风格而闻名。
其中最著名的作品包括《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》等。
奥斯汀的作品深入剖析了社会习俗和人性特点，在探讨女性地位、婚姻观念和经济独立等议题方面起到了重要的推动作用，她对小说的发展产生了深远的影响。
三、弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德（F. Scott Fitzgerald）弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德是20世纪美国文学的杰出代表之一。
他的代表作《了不起的盖茨比》被誉为美国文学的经典之作。
菲茨杰拉德善于描摹上流社会的繁荣和虚伪，以及人性的脆弱和欲望的冲动。
他的作品充满了对时代的反思和对美国梦的探索，同时也反映了20世纪初美国社会的变革和矛盾。
菲茨杰拉德的作品以其独特的散文风格和深刻的人物刻画而广受赞誉，对美国现代文学产生了深远的影响。
四、厄内斯特·海明威（Ernest Hemingway）厄内斯特·海明威是美国文学史上的重要人物，也是现代主义文学的代表作家之一。
英美文学作家及作品汇总1
1、 Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰 克林 1706-1790 2 、 Thomas Paine 托 马 斯· 潘恩 1737-1809 3、Philip Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺 1752-1832 4、 Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文 1783-1859 5、James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆 斯·费尼莫尔·库珀 1789-1851 6、William Cullen Bryant 威廉·柯 伦·布莱恩特 1794-1878 7、Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加·爱 伦·坡 1809-1849（以诗为诗；永 为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人----叶芝） A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard’s Almanack 穷查理历 书；The Way to Wealth 致富之道；The Autobiography 自传 The Case of the Officers of Excise 税务员问题；Common Sense 常识；American Crisis 美国危机； Rights of Man 人的权利：Downfall of Despotism 专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason 理性时代 The Rising Glory of America 蒸蒸日上的美洲； The British Prison Ship 英国囚船； the Memory of To the Brave Americans 纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle 野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground 印第安人殡葬地 A History of New Yo
英美文学史重要作家介绍
1.Geoffrey Chaucer (the founder of English poetry)Geoffrey Chaucer was an English author, poet, and philosopher. He is best remembered for his unfinished frame narrative The Canterbury Tales. Sometimes called the father of English literature, Chaucer is credited by some scholars as the first author to demonstrate the artistic legitimacy of the vernacular Middle English, rather than French or Latin.Chaucer literary Career1. The French period (1360s~1372) Under the influence of French poetryWorks: The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰的故事》2. Italian period (1372~1385) Under the influence of Italian RenaissanceWorks: The House of Fame《声誉之堂》Troylus and Criseyde《特罗勒斯与克丽西德》3. English period (1385~1400) Free from any foreign influenceWorks：The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集Representative ProjectsTroylus and Criseyde (c. 1383) is a poem re-tells in Middle English the tragic story of the lovers Troilus and Criseyde set against a backdrop of war in the Siege of Troy. It was composed using rime royale and probably completed during the mid 1380's.Influence: The poem had an important legacy for later writers. Many Chaucer scholars regard it as the poet's finest work. As a finished long it is certainly more self-contained than the better known but ultimately uncompleted Canterbury Tales.The Canterbury Tales (1387-1400) is a collection of stories written in Middle English at the end of the 14th century. The tales (mostly in verse诗, although some are in prose散文) are told as part of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together on a journey from Southwarkto the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral.Influence: The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer’s masterpiece代表作and one of the monumental works重要作品in English literature. He uses the tales and the descriptions of the characters to paint an ironic and critical portrait of English society at the time, and particularly of the Church. Structurally, the collection bears the influence of The Decameron十日谈.ContributionHe introduced from Italy and France the rhymed stanza押韵的小节of various types，especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter (“heroic couplet”英雄双韵体) to English poetry. He was the first great poet who wrote in English language (Middle English), thus establishing English as the literary language.He did much in making the London dialect the foundation for modern English language.2. Shakespeare流派：The English Renaissance, realism, humanism.His main works:The greatest comedies: <A midsummer night’s dream> <The merchant of Venice> <As you like it> <Twelfth night>The great tragedies: <Hamlet> <Othello> <King Lear> <Macbeth>The histories: <King John> <Richard II> <Henry IV> <Henry V> <Richard III>Poems: <Venus and Adonis> <The rape of Lucrece> <Shakespeare’s Sonnets> <A lover’s complaint> <Funeral elegy by W.S.>主要作品的内容：<Hamlet>The play, set in the Kingdom of Denmark, recounts how Prince Hamletexacts revenge on his uncle Claudius for murdering the old King Hamlet, Claudius's own brother and Prince Hamlet's father, and then succeeding to the throne and marrying Gertrude, the King Hamlet's widow and mother of Prince Hamlet. The play vividly charts the course of real and feigned madness—from overwhelming grief to seething rage—and explores themes of treachery, revenge, incest, and moral corruption. Hamlet is without question the most famous play in the English language, is a milestone in Shakespeare's dramatic development; the playwright achieved artistic maturity in this work through his brilliant depiction of the hero's struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need to avenge his father's murder.<A midsummer night’s dream>It portrays the events surrounding the marriage of the Duke of Athens, Theseus, and the Queen of the Amazons, Hippolyta. These include the adventures of four young Athenian lovers and a group of amateur actors, who are manipulated by the fairies who inhabit the forest in which most of the play is set. The play is one of Shakespeare's most popular works for the stage and is widely performed across the world.<King Lear>King Lear is a tragedy considered to be one of his greatest works, in which the title character descends into madness from the consequences of foolishly disposing of his estate between two of his three daughters based on their flattery. The play is based on the legend of Leir of Britain, a mythological pre-Roman Celtic king. It has been widely adapted for stage and screen, with the role of Lear played by many of the world's most accomplished actors.Features(contributions) of Shakespeare’s drama:1. Shakespeare is one of the founders of realism in world literature.2. Shakespeare’s dramatic creation often used the method of adaptation.3. Shakespeare’s long experience with the stage and his intimate knowledge of dramatic artthus acquired make him a master –hand for play- writing.4. Shakespeare was skilled in many poetic forms: the Song, the sonnet, the couplet, and thedramatic blank verse.5. Shakespeare was a great master of the English language.文学地位：Shakespeare wrote some thirty-eight plays. Taken individually, several of them are among the world's finest written works; taken collectively, they establish Shakespeare as the foremost literary talent of his own Elizabethan Age and, even more impressively, as a genius whose creative achievement has never been surpassed in any age.Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest writers the world over. Shakespeare's work has made a lasting impression on later theatre and literature. In particular, he expanded the dramatic potential of characterisation, plot, language, and genre. Shakespeare influenced novelists such as Thomas Hardy, William Faulkner, and Charles Dickens. In Shakespeare's day, English grammar, spelling and pronunciation were less standardized than they are now, and his use of language helpedshape modern English.The popularity of Shakespeare is a worldwide phenomenon. His name has been known to China for more than a hundred years, and many of his plays have been widely read among Chinese people.3. John Milton流派:ClassicalismHis main works:1st period:The poems: <L’allegro> <II Pensieroso><Comus>, a masque<Lycidas>, a pastoral elegy2nd period:<Aeropagitica>, a pamphlet against censorship3rd period:<Paradise lost> <Paradise regained> <Samson agonistes>主要作品内容：<Paradise lost>It’s Milton’s masterpiece. The epic poem consists of 12 books, containing about ten thousand lines in blank verse (unrhymed iambic pentameter). Based on the Old Testament, it tells the story of Satan’s revolt against God, the temptation of Adam and Eve, and their expulsion from Paradise. The themes of <Paradise lost>:Main theme →the story of man’s fallSecondary themes:Pride →it leads to Satan’s downfallEnvy →coming from Satan’s prideRevenge → it makes Satan tempt Adam and EveInfidelity → Adam betrays God by siding with EveDisobedience → Adam and Eve disobey GodRepentance → Adam and Eve repentRedemption → Man is granted eternal salvation thanks to the sacrifice of the Son of God<Samson Agonistes>It’s a poetical drama modeled on the Greek tragedies. It deals with the story of Samson from the “Book of Judges” in the Old Testament. Samson is Milton. Samson’s miserable blind servitude among his enemies, his agonizing longing for sight and freedom, and the last terrible triumph all strongly suggests Milton’s passionate longing that he too could bring destruction down upon the enemy at the cost of his own life.文学地位：Milton is one of the very few truly great English writers who is also a prominent figure in politics and who is both a great poet and important prose writer. Milton is the greatest English poet after Shakespeare, was the one great literary figure who want tried seriously to combine Renaissance and Reformation.ton was political in both his life and his art.ton wrote the greatest epic in English literature. He and Shakespeare have been regardedas two patterns of English verse.ton is a master of the blank verse. He first used blank verse in non-dramatic works.ton is a great stylist. His style is never exactly natural. It’s art attained by definite andconscientious rhetorical devices.ton has always been admired for his sublimity of thought and majesty of expression.4. Bunyan流派:The English Bourgeois revolution and restorationMain works:<The Pilgrim’s Progress>内容：The Pilgrim’s progress is a religious allegory(寓言). It tells of the spiritual pilgrim age of Christian, who flies from the city of Destruction, meets with the perils and temptations of the Slough of Despond, Vanity Fair, and Doubting Castle, faces and overcomes the demon Appollyon, and finally comes to the Delectale Mountains and the Celestial City. Though it’s an allegory, its characters impress the reader like real persons. One of the most remarkable passages is that in which Vanity Fair and the persecution of Christian and his friend Faithful are described. Bunyan cherished a deep hatred of both the king and his government.<The Pilgrim’s Progress>地位：The allegory of this book has antecedents in a large number of Christian devotional works that speak of the soul's path to Heaven, from the Lyke-Wake Dirge forward. Bunyan's allegory stands out above his predecessors because of his simple and effective, prose style, steeped in Biblical texts and cadences.其他影响：Bunyan’s prose is admirable. It’s popular speech ennobled by the solemn dignity and simplicity of the language of the English Bible. Spencer’s allegory in The Faerie Queene appears ornate when compared with Bunyan.6.SwiftKnown for being a master of two styles of satire: the Horatian贺瑞斯式and Juvenalian 尤利西斯式styles. Swift is one of the greatest masters of English prose and a master satiristWorks: a tale of club and the battle of the books, which were published in 1704 and made him well-known as a satirist.Bickerstaff almanac (1708)Features: simple, clear, vigorous language, precise prose, powerful satireGulliver’s travels4 parts. The book presents itself as a simple traveller's narrative with the disingenuous title Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, its authorship assigned only to "Lemuel Gulliver, first a surgeon, then a captain of several ships". The text is presented as a first-person narrative by the supposed author, and the name "Gulliver" appears nowhere in the book other than the title page. The unabridged publications of the text begin with a fictional letter entitled "The Publisher to the Reader" and "A letter from Captain Gulliver to his cousin Sympson" which present the fact that the original account has been edited and publishedwithout the permission of Lemuel Gulliver. The book proper then is divided into four parts, which are as follows.A Tale of a Tub(1704) The Battle of the Books Bickerstaff AlmanacPamphlets on Ireland.Swift is one of the masters of English prose. His language is simple, clear and vigorous.DafoeDefoe was an English writer, journalist, and pamphleteer, who gained fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe. Defoe is notable for being one of the earliest proponents of the novel, as he helped to popularise the form in Britain and is among the founders of the English novel. A prolific and versatile writer, he wrote more than 500 books, pamphlets and journals on various topics (including politics, crime, religion, marriage, psychology and the supernatural).Robinson Crusoe 《鲁宾逊漂流记》Robinson Crusoe is one of the world’s most popular adventure novels. The story, based on the real adventure of an Alexander Selkirk who once stayed alone in the uninhabited island Juan Fernandez for 5 years, is a work of sheer imagination.The story is about Robinson’s adventure on a deserted island.The Main Character：In Robinson Crusoe, Defoe traces the growth of Robinson from a native and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man, tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. The story is told in the first person singular as if it was told by some sailor-adventurer himself. In this novel, Defoe created the image of a true empire-builder, a colonizer and a foreign trader, who has determination to preserve himself and improve his livelihood by struggling against nature.The significance of the novel：The supreme quality in Robinson Crusoe is its sense of reality, its lifelikeness. Defoe takes pains to convince his readers that what he is writing about is “real life”. The book expresses the epic theme of the power of the average man to preserve life and to organize economy in the face of the most unpromising environment.7. Henry FieldingNovelist, father of English novels, The Theatrical Licensing Act was passed in 1737 and ended his career as a dramatistHis first novel Joseph Andrews was published in 1742In 1749, he finished his great novel Tom Jones, showing the whole of the life of 18thcentury England as he saw it;Tom JonesCharacters:Tom: an abandoned baby adopted by Mr. Allworthy, who grows up to be a cheerful, open-hearted and handsome young manBlifil : the son of Mr. Allworthy’s sister, who is also brought up by Mr. Allworhty and grows up to be sly and faithlessSophia: the daughter of neighbor Squire Western, who is loved both by Tom and BlifilFielding as the Founder of the English Realistic Novel and set up the theory of realism in literary creation.His style: easy, unlabored轻易完成的, familiar, but extremely vivid and vigorous and in logic and musical rhythm. His command of language was remarkable.All in all, he was, has been and still will be t he “father of English novel”. But his sympathy for the poor, and his contempt for the parasites靠他人为生的人, the exploiters and the oppressors aroused the anger of ruling classes.8. Samuel Johnsonthe great charm of literature：lexicographer词典编纂者，poet，criticWorks:13.Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)Samuel Johnson was a lexicographer, critic and poet. Became “the great cham of literature” and the literary men in London centered around him. “the greatest English man of letter” and “a great composer of dictionary”Works:1.Two satires in heroic couplets in imitation of Juvenal the Roman poet:London (1738)The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749)2.Life of Richard Savage (1744)3. Irene (1749), a tragedy4.Rasselas (1759)5. two periodicals: The Ramber (1750-52) and The Idler (1758-60)6.the most two important literary works:The Preface and comments of individual plays in his edition of Shakespeare (1765)Lives of Poets (1779-81)Johnson’s “Dictionary”Published in 1755;1.Marked an epoch in the study of the English study;2.Marked the end of the end of English writers’ reliance on the patronage of noblemen for support;3.Had a far-reaching effect on Modern English and has been described as “ a great work of scholarship”.“A letter to Lord Chesterfield”was the writer’s declaration of independence, signifying the opening of a new era in the development of literature.The Dictionary of the English Language《英语词典》marked the end of English writers’ reliance on the patronage of nobleman for support.London and The Vanity 自负of Human Wishes9. William Wordsworth (1770—1850)The representative poet of the early romanticism.As a child he cherished a love of nature (he learned more eagerly from flowers and hills and stars than from his books) , which he later expressed in his poetry1798Wordsworth and Coleridge(they became friends in 1797 and then lived together) jointly published the Lyrical Ballads抒情诗集。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
丹尼尔·笛福Daniel Defoe
英国作家，英国启蒙时期现实主义小说的奠基人，被誉为“小说之父”。
其代表作《鲁滨逊漂流记》Robinson Crusoe闻名于世，鲁滨逊也成为与困难抗争的典型模范，因此他被视作英国小说的开创者之一。
继《鲁滨孙漂流记》后，又写了许多小说，比较有名的有：《辛格顿船长》、 Captain Singleton 《摩尔弗兰德斯》、Moll Flanders 《罗克查娜》Colonel Jack and Roxana. 、《伦敦大疫记》、《一个骑士的回忆录》等。
但他终生没有混入当时有名的文人圈子里。
这些文人出身的社会地位比他高。
他一生穷困，临死前为了避债不得不离家藏起来。
奥利弗·哥德史密斯Oliver Goldsmith
十八世纪著名的英国剧作家。
不论是诗歌、小说、文章还是剧本，哥德史密的写作格风格均是以嘻笑怒骂的形式，藉以讽刺时弊。
他最著名的两出喜剧是《善性之人》(The Good-Natuser Man, 1768)及《屈身求爱》(She Stoops to Conquer, 1773)，他的戏剧以莎士比亚闹剧式的传统结构，企图重建他所谓的「畅笑」喜剧("laughing" comedy)，致力打破当时英国舞台盛行的感伤主义，以提高公众的品味。
哥德史密斯於1774年在伦敦去世，后人均会把他跟另一位著名英国喜剧家谢雷登(Richard Brinsley Sheridan)相提并论。
其他作品有（The Vicar of Wakefield）（The Deserted Village)(The Traveller)(The Good-Naturd Man and She Stoops to Conquer)(The History of Little Two-Shoes)(The Citizen of the world )
简·奥斯汀Jane Austen
19世纪英国小说家，世界文学史上最具影响力的女性文学家之一，其最著名的作品是《傲慢与偏见》和《理智与情感》，以细致入微的观察和活泼风趣的文字著称。
奥斯汀的小说出现在19世纪初叶，一扫风行一时的假浪漫主义潮流，继承和发展了英国18世纪优秀的现实主义传统，为19世纪现实主义小说的高潮做了准备，起到了承上启下的重要作用。
因此被誉为“地位可与莎士比亚平起平坐的文豪”，“女性中最完美的艺术家”。
她的六部小说《理智与感伤》(Sense and Sensibility )、《傲慢与偏见》(Pride and Prejudice )、《曼斯斐尔德花园》(Mansfield Park )、《爱玛》(Emma )及作者逝世以后出版的《诺桑觉修道院》(Northanger Abbey )和《劝导》(Persuasion)
瓦尔特·司各特Walter Scott
残疾少年.生于爱丁堡的苏格兰古老家族.桂冠诗人1799年被任命为塞尔扣克郡副郡长。
1802至1803年，他搜集整理的 3卷《苏格兰边区歌谣集》出版.1808年，长诗《玛密恩》出版。
其他诗集作品有《湖上夫人》《特里亚明的婚礼》、《岛屿的领主》《无畏的哈罗尔德》。
小说巨匠，优秀的除《威弗利》外，还有《清教徒》（1816）、《罗布·罗伊》(1817)和《米德洛西恩的监狱》(1818)《罗布·罗伊》等。
最为著名的是《艾凡赫》（1819）和《昆丁·达沃德》（1823）。
司各特的创作对欧洲历史小说起了开创作用，被尊为历史小说的创始人（如俄国
评论家别林斯基把司各特看作“历史小说之父”）。
英国的狄更斯、斯蒂文森，法国的雨果、巴尔扎克、大仲马，俄国的普希金，意大利的曼佐尼，美国的库柏等著名作家都曾受到司各特的深刻影响。
其中美国的库柏有“美国司各特”之称。
查尔斯·约翰·赫芬姆·狄更斯Charles John Huffam Dickens
十九世纪英国最伟大的作家，也是一位以反映现实生活见长的作家，他在自己的作品中，以高超的艺术手法，描绘了包罗万象的社会图景，作品一贯表现出揭露和批判的锋芒，贯彻惩恶扬善的人道主义精神，塑造出众多令人难忘的人物形象。
主要作品有《匹克威克外传》、（Pickwick Papers)《雾都孤儿》(Oliver Twist)、《老古玩店》(The Old Curiosity Shop)、《艰难时世》(hard times)、《我们共同的朋友》（our mutual friend）等。
一百多年来他的代表作《双城记》（A Tale of Two Cities）在全世界盛行不衰，深受广大读者的欢迎。
1870年6月9日狄更斯因脑溢血与世长辞。
夏洛蒂·勃朗特charlotte bronte
夏洛蒂·勃朗特（Charlotte Bronte，1816-1855），英国小说家，生于贫苦的牧师家庭，曾在寄宿学校学习，后任教师和家庭教师。
1847年，夏洛蒂·勃朗特出版著名的长篇小说《简·爱》，轰动文坛。
1848年秋到1849年她的弟弟和两个妹妹相继去世。
在死亡的阴影和困惑下，她坚持完成了《谢利》一书，寄托了她对妹妹艾米莉的哀思，并描写了英国早期自发的工人运动。
她另有作品《维莱特》（1853）和《教师》（1857），这两部作品均根据其本人生活经历写成。
夏洛蒂·勃朗特善于以抒情的笔法描写自然景物，作品具有浓厚的感情色彩。
注：《教师》一书在她死后才出版，（）内的时间为出版时间。
大约在1857年左右.作品小说1847年：代表作《简·爱》（Jane Eyre）1849年：《雪莉》（Shirley）1853年：《维莱特》（Villette）1857年：《教师》（The Professor），创作于《简·爱》之前，不过因为许多出版社拒绝出版，所以直到夏洛蒂死后才出版。
诗歌《from Retrospection》：创作于1835年，1846年：《库瑞尔、艾利斯与阿克顿·贝尔的诗集》（Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell）
Emily Bronte艾米莉·勃朗特
艾米莉·勃朗特，19世纪英国小说家、诗人，英国文学史上著名的“勃朗特三姐妹”之一。
这位女作家在世界上仅仅度过了三十年便默默无闻地离开了人间，然而她唯一的一部小说《呼啸山庄》(Wuthering Heights)却奠定了她在英国文学史以及世界文学史上的地位。
此外，她还创作了193首诗，被认为是英国一位天才型的女作家。
艾米莉曾被誉为19世纪22位杰出诗人之一，代表作品有《老禁欲主义
者》，《纪念品》、《囚徒》，《晚风》等。
Thomas Hardy托马斯·哈代
托马斯·哈代，英国诗人、小说家。
他是横跨两个世纪的作家，早期和中期的创作以小说为主，继承和发扬了维多利亚时代的文学传统；晚年以其出色的诗歌开拓了英国20世纪的文学。
哈代一生共发表了近20部长篇小说，其中最著名的当推《德伯家的苔丝》（T ess of the D'Urbervilles）（1891）是他最优秀的小说，《无名的裘德》（Jude the Obscure）、《还乡》（T he Return of the Native），和《卡斯特桥市长》。
诗8集，共918首，此外，还有许多以“威塞克斯故事”为总名的中短篇小说，以及长篇史诗剧《列王》。
代表作品有《韦塞克斯诗集》，《早期与晚期抒情诗》，《德伯家的苔丝》。
1867年因健康问题返回故乡。
最初写作诗歌，后因无缘发表，改事小说创作。
成名作是他的第四部小说《远离尘嚣》（Far from the Madding Crowd）（1874）。
从此，他放弃建筑职业，致力于小说创作。
1867-1868年完成第一部小说《穷人与贵妇》（The Poor Man and the Lady），但未能出版。
首次发表的小说是《计出无奈》(Desperate Remedies)（1871）。
接着发表《绿林荫下》（Under the Greenwood Tree）（1872）、《一双湛蓝的眼睛》（A Pair of Blue Eyes）（1873），开始了以威塞克斯（Wessex）为背景的一系列乡土小说的写作.。