从句归纳 区分定语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句
英语八大从句类型总结 用法有哪些
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英语八大从句类型总结用法有哪些
从句是复句中具有分属地位的分句,它是一种绝大部分语言都有的语法结构。
在现代汉语的语法中,“从句”不作为专业术语被使用。
1 英语从句可以分哪几类从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,是一个特殊句子,就像一个句子一样。
所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词(connective)引导。
根据从句语法功能的不同可分为:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6 类。
前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,所以通称名词性从句;
定语从句功能相当于形容词,称为形容词性从句;
而状语从句功能相当于副词,称为副词性从句。
状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、地点状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、结果状语从句和时间状语从句。
主语从句(Subject Clause)
用作主语的从句叫主语从句。
引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。
表语从句(Predicative Clause)
用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词很多都一样。
宾语从句(Object Clause)。
英语八大从句类型总结
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英语⼋⼤从句类型总结英语⼋⼤从句类型总结 总结就是对⼀个时期的学习、⼯作或其完成情况进⾏⼀次全⾯系统的回顾和分析的书⾯材料,它可以促使我们思考,为此我们要做好回顾,写好总结。
总结你想好怎么写了吗?下⾯是⼩编收集整理的英语⼋⼤从句类型总结,欢迎阅读与收藏。
英语⼋⼤从句类型总结1 1.时间状语从句 (1)When---当……时候,通常指某⼀特定的时间点,主句与从句的动作同时发⽣。
(2)When---正在……的时候,突然…。
通常主句是进⾏时或be about to时,在翻译的时候,when可以译成没想到或突然。
(3)When当从句是进⾏时,主句是⼀般时,往往表⽰不满。
(4)When=after (5)While---在……期间,往往指⼀段时间。
(6)While---表⽰⼀种不满情绪,意思是这边在⼲某种重要的事,⽽另⼀边在享受等。
(7)As---⼀边……⼀边,随着 (8)The moment---⼀……就……=as soon as,immediately, 2.条件状语从句 引导状语从句的连接词有:If如果,unless除⾮,as long as只要,As(so)far as---据……所知,incase万⼀,provided that假如,on condition that若是,以…为条件。
3.地点状语从句 地点状语从句只有两个连词:Where,wherever。
4.原因状语从句 because,as,since,now that,和considering that,seeing that这六个连词都⽤于表⽰表⽰原因,但在语⽓上⼀个⽐⼀个弱。
5.结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的连词有:that,so that,so…that… 6.⽬的状语从句 引导⽬的状语从句的主要连词有:that,so that,in order that,for fear that,lest. 7. 让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词有:Although,though,as,even if,even though,nomatter,however,whatever,while,whether。
从句分类及分析
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主语从句
• 主语从句(subject clauses)在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。 引导主语从句的词有从属连词、、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主 语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether,关系代词:who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever;关 系副词:when, where, how, why, however,whenever, wherever等。
宾语从句
• 宾语从句(object clauses)用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句 的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的 宾语,也可以作介词和非谓语动词(动词不定式、动名词、分词) 和某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句可以由从属连词that whether、if, 关系代词what, who, whose, which和关系副词when、where、how、 why等引导。
表语从句
表语从句 用作表语的从句叫作表语从句,它位于主句中的连系动词 之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if); 关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等;关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。That引导表语从句时,在口语中间或可以省略。
同位语从句
• 同位语从句 用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词 fact,idea,news,hope,belief,thought,truth,doubt, suggestion,warning, instruction,reason,information, question等 之后,对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词 that,whether外,还有关系代词what, which, who, 以及关系副词 how,when,where,why等。
(完整版)从句分类
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❖ 主语从句用作主语,如:: ❖ 宾语从句用作宾语。如:
That the earth is round is true. (斜体作主语)
Do you know where he lives? (斜体作宾语)
❖ 表语从句用作表语,如:
My opinion is that you should not go alone. (斜 体作表语)
❖ He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged.他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。(结果状语,结果状 语只是仅限于learn(得知),find(发现),see,hear,to be told(被告知),make(使得)等具有界限含义的动词。)
He likes playing football very much. 其中,he是主 语,likes是谓语,playing football是宾语,very much是状语。
❖ 以深 入了解,文件夹中有分别关于名词性从句, 定语从句和状语从句的三个专题。
❖ Though/Though he was worn out, (still) he kept on working. 虽然他已经 精疲力竭了,但仍然继续工作。 (让步状语从句,引导的连词主要有以 下这些:though, although, as; even if, even though; whether...or...; no matter+疑问词,疑问词-ever.)
从句归纳区分定语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句
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从句小结从句总述:从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句 6 类。
由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,故而这 4 种从句又通称名词性从句。
1.主语从句( Subject Clause ):用作主语的从句叫主语从句。
引导主语从句的关系词有隶属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。
2.表语从句( Predicative Clause ):用作表语的从句叫表语从句。
引导表语从句的关系词与引导主语从句的关系词多半相同。
3. 宾语从句( Object Clause ):在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句. 宾语从句分为三类 : 动词的宾语从句 , 介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.4.同位语从句( Appositive Clause ):在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
它一般跟在某些名词后边,用以说明该名词表示的详尽内容。
其关系词多为that 。
状语从句还可以够够分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方向状语从句和时间状语从句等。
宾语从句学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:时态、语序、连接词。
一:时态和语序1·主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。
2·主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。
3·主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时。
语序:宾语从句只能用陈述句语序,坚决不能够够用疑问句语序。
二:连接词①隶属连词连接宾语从句的隶属连词主要有that ,if ,whether. that 引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if 和 whether 引导表示“可否”的宾语从句 . 例句:He told that he would go to the college the nextyear 他告诉我他下一年上大学 .I don ’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道可否还会有公交车.②连接代词连接代词主要有 who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever 等.连接代词一般指疑问 , 但 what, whatever除了指疑问外,也能够指陈述.例句:Do you know who has won Red Alert game你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗③连接副词连接副词主要有 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.例句:He didn ’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.三:动词的宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我们都猜想他们会赢 , 由于他们的队员更强壮.I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.make sure 保证 make up one ’s mind下信心keep in mind牢记例句:Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前保证没有任何错误.四:可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词 find,feel,consider,make,believe 形式宾语而将 that宾语从句后置.等后边有宾语补足语的时候, 则需要用 it做例句:I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.我没去聚会 , 感觉特别遗憾 . ②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加 it 这类动词主要有 :hate,take , owe, have, see to.例句:I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食品时说话.五:介词的宾语从句用wh-类的介词宾语从句例句:We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在议论可否让学生加入我们的俱乐部 .I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班, 其他一无所知 .六:形容词的宾语从句一般来说形容词不能够够带宾语,更不能够够带宾语从句。
英语中总共有六大从句-区分方法
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英语中总共有六大从句,区分方法,用法,及例子如下:1.主语从句1)主语从句可直接位于主语的位置,如果从句较长,谓语又较短,可用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末.常见的句型有:*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.It seems that the performance is very useful.2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”,一般不用it作形式主语.What we lack is experience.3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义,但它们引导的主语从句,都用陈述语序.How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.I did know why I felt like crying.2.宾语从句1)宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后.连词that常可省略.介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句.in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是)已构成固定搭配,其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句.*I promised that I would change the situation.*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.2)宾语从句后如有宾补,要用形式宾语it来代替,而把宾语从句移至宾补之后.He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中,如果谓语是否定的,一般将否定词移至主句谓语上,宾语从句则变成肯定形式.He didn't think that the money was well spent.3.表语从句表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中.表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外,还可由because,as if(though)等引导.that 常可省略.如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句,不可用because.Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.4.同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词that引导,由于先行名词的意义不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导.常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,de cision.有时由于谓语较短,将同位语从句位于谓语之后.She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.The news came that their team had won the championship.5.定语从句定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词,也可以是一个句子.定语从句通常位于先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导.*限制性定语从句限制性定语从句修饰先行词,对先行词起修饰作用,紧接先行词之后,无逗号,若省去,原句意思不完整.引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等.who,whom,whose 用于指人,whose有时也可指物,相当于of which;which用于指物;that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定语从句中.关系代词除了引导定语从句,替代先行词外,还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等.The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时,只能用关系代词that引导从句.That is all that I've heard from him.He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.2)关系代词的省略在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略.关系代词紧跟介词,作介词宾语时不可用that,只可用which或whom引导从句,并且不可省略,但当介词位于宾语从句句末时,作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that,也可省略.This is one of those things with which we have to put up.This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等.关系副词在从句中作状语,意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构.Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.5.定语从句*非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,也可修饰整个主句,起补充说明作用,与主句之间有逗号隔开,若省去,原句意思不受影响.不可用that引导非限制性定语从句.关系词不可省略. Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配,或先行词的习惯搭配.This is the computer on which he spent all his savingsIt is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.*as引导的定语从句as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中,代替先行词是人或物的名词.as引导非限制性定语从句时,代替整个主句,从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间. These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)6.状语从句*时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有:1)when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等.We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等.As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.*地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.*原因、结果和目的状语从句1)引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等.Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.2)引导结果状语从句的连词有:so...that,such...that,so that,that,so等.Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.3)引导目的状语从句的连词有:so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等,从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词.We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.*条件和让步状语从句1)引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等.As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however.)等.though,even if 等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构,具有强调意义.其结构为“形容词(副词、动词、名词)+as+主语+谓语”.No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)*方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等.as if,as though引导的状语从句中,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反.The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.。
英语六大从句用法总结
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英语中六大从句用法总结从句是指用于复合句中担当某个句子成分的主谓结构。
虽说从句自身的句子结构是完整的,但是它不能视为独立的句子,因为它离开了主语就无法独立、完整地表达意思。
按其所能表达的意义而言,它相当于一个词或是一个词组.按从句的句子功能划分(也就是按从句在句子中所担任的成分来划分),从句可分为:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
1.主语从句1)主语从句可直接位于主语的位置,如果从句较长,谓语又较短,可用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末。
常见的句型有:*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.It seems that the performance is very useful.2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”,一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义,但它们引导的主语从句,都用陈述语序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.I did know why I felt like crying.2.宾语从句1)宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。
从句的分类
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从句的分类PART1:英语从句三大类型按一般说法,可分为三大类14种从句。
一,名词性从句1主语从句XXX宾语从句I wonder whether it's right ornot.3同位语从句This is a question whether it's right or not.4表语从句The XXX it's right or not.二,定语从句1限定性定语从句She is the student who can XXX非限定性定语从句She is the student,who can speak English well.三,状语从句1时间状语从句The fact will come out when he comes here.2地点状语从句You can gowherever you like.3原因状语从句Pay more attention to your lessons because you are astudent.4方式状语从句He walks as if he were a king.5目的状语从句She went to Japanso that she could learn Japanese well.6结果状语从句She went to Japan so that shelearned Japanese well.7条件状语从句I will understand it if he tells me.8让步状语从句Heknows a lot though he is little.PART2:经典名词性从句主语从句(subject clauses)在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。
引导主语从句的词有从属连词。
关系代词、连接副词等。
引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether,关系代词:who。
what。
which。
whom。
大一英语语法从句知识点
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大一英语语法从句知识点语法从句在英语语法中扮演着重要的角色,能够丰富句子的结构和意义。
掌握好语法从句的使用方法可以提高我们的写作和口语表达能力。
本文将介绍几个大一英语学习过程中常见的语法从句知识点,并详细讲解其用法和例句。
一、名词性从句名词性从句可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
常见的名词性从句有:宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1. 宾语从句宾语从句通常作为主句的宾语,用来回答“what, where, when, why, how”等疑问词。
宾语从句的引导词有:that, whether/if及连接代词和连接副词。
例句:I don't know where he went yesterday.(我不知道他昨天去哪儿了。
)He asked me if I could help him with the project.(他问我是否能帮他完成这个项目。
)2. 主语从句主语从句位于句子主语的位置,引导词常常是“what, who, which, whether”等。
例句:What he said is true.(他所说的是真的。
)Whether we can go camping depends on the weather.(我们是否能去野营取决于天气。
)3. 表语从句表语从句用来解释或说明主语的身份、特征、状态等。
常用的引导词有:that, whether, who, which等。
例句:The important thing is that you are safe.(重要的是你平安。
)The question is whether he will come to the party.(问题是他是否会来参加聚会。
)4. 同位语从句同位语从句用来对某个名词或代词进行解释或说明。
常用引导词为:that, who, what等。
例句:The news that he passed the exam made us happy.(他通过了考试的消息让我们很高兴。
英语语法 形容词性从句有哪些常见的类型
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英语语法形容词性从句有哪些常见的类型形容词性从句是一种在句子中充当形容词的作用的从句。
它通常用来描述或限定名词或代词。
形容词性从句可以分为以下几种常见的类型:1. 主语从句(Subject Clauses):主语从句作为句子的主语,用来描述或限定整个句子的主题。
它通常以连词“that”引导,例如:- That he is late is not acceptable.(他迟到是不可接受的。
)- Whether she will come to the party is still uncertain.(她是否会来参加派对还不确定。
)2. 宾语从句(Object Clauses):宾语从句作为动词的宾语,用来描述或限定动作的对象。
它通常以连词“that”引导,但在口语中常省略不使用。
例如:- She said (that) she would come to the party.(她说她会来参加派对。
)- I don't know if he can finish the project on time.(我不知道他是否能按时完成这个项目。
)3. 表语从句(Predicate Clauses):表语从句用于描述主语的状态或特征,作为谓语动词的补足语。
它通常以连词“that”引导,例如:- The fact is that he is not interested in the job.(事实是他对这个工作不感兴趣。
)- My worry is whether we can find a solution to the problem.(我担心的是我们能否找到解决问题的办法。
)4. 同位语从句(Appositive Clauses):同位语从句用来进一步解释或说明名词的含义,放在被解释的名词后面,并用逗号或括号隔开。
例如:- The fact, that he is always late, annoys me.(他总是迟到这个事实让我很生气。
从句的分类
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PART1:英语从句三大类型按一般说法,可分为三大类14种从句。
一,名词性从句1主语从句Whether it's right or not remains to be seen.2宾语从句I wonder whether it's right or not.3同位语从句This is a question whether it's right or not.4表语从句The question is whether it's right or not.二,定语从句1限定性定语从句She is the student who can speak English well.2非限定性定语从句She is the student,who can speak English well.三,状语从句1时间状语从句The fact will come out when he comes here.2地点状语从句You can go wherever you like.3原因状语从句Pay more attention to your lessons because you are a student.4方式状语从句He walks as if he were a king.5目的状语从句She went to Japan so that she could learn Japanese well.6结果状语从句She went to Japan so that she learned Japanese well.7条件状语从句I will understand it if he tells me.8让步状语从句He knows a lot though he is little.PART2:经典名词性从句主语从句(subject clauses)在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。
从句总结归纳
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从句总结归纳从句是指在一个复合句中充当句子成分的子句。
它与主句之间存在一定的从属关系,起到修饰、补充、说明、解释等作用。
从句的引导词包括连词和关系词,根据其功能和引导词的不同,从句可以分为四种类型:名词性从句、形容词性从句、副词性从句和非限制性定语从句。
本文将对这四种从句进行综合总结与归纳。
一、名词性从句名词性从句本身充当主句中的名词成分,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句常由连词that, whether/if, who, whom, whose, which, what等引导。
1. 主语从句主语从句作为主句的主语,常以that引导,例如:- That he passed the exam was a great relief. (他通过了考试是一大解脱。
)- Whether we can go camping depends on the weather. (我们是否能去野营取决于天气。
)2. 宾语从句宾语从句作为主句的宾语,引导词有that, whether/if, who, whom, whose, which, what等,例如:- He asked me if I could lend him some money. (他问我是否能借他一些钱。
)- I don't know what he is talking about. (我不知道他在说什么。
)3. 表语从句表语从句作为主句的表语,通常以that引导,例如:- The important thing is that you have tried your best. (重要的是你已经尽力了。
)- The fact is that he is always late for work. (事实上他上班总是迟到。
)4. 同位语从句同位语从句用来对主句中的名词进行解释或补充说明,通常以that 引导,例如:- The news that he won the first prize made us excited. (他获得一等奖的消息让我们激动起来。
英语六大从句
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从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类.前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,所以通称名词性从句;后两类定语从句和状语从句功用相当于形容词,称为形容词性从句.状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方位状语从句和时间状语从句.1.主语从句(Subject Clause):用作主语的从句叫主语从句.引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等.2.表语从句 Predicative Clause):用作表语的从句叫表语从句.引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样.3.宾语从句(Object Clause):在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.第一部分一.、定义:宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语.二、学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:连接词、语序和时态.连接词一般都是that(指事务或人),which 指事),who 指人)1.从句为陈述句,常选择连接词that或将that省略,直接与主句相连.2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择连接词if或whether.在whether…or not结构中不能用if替换. 3.从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词.★当who为主语时,句式为:who+谓语+其他判断时态情况:1.主句是一般现在时,从句为各种时态情况2.主句是一般过去时,从句为各种相应过去时态注意:从句描绘客观事实,用一般现在时3.主句是一般将来时,一般从句为一般现在时 “主将从现”)例题:〈1. The teacher told the children that the sun__B__round.A. wasB. isC. wereD. are 答案为B,属于第二种情况.宾语从句,在复合句中作宾语,位于及物动词后;Tell him which class you are in .(1)主、从句时态一致:主句谓语过去时,从句相应过去时;He answered that he was listening to me.主句谓语现在时,从句时态任所需;He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk.具体过去永不变,真理格言现在时;He told me that he was born in 1980.2)否定前移,及完成反意问句;在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时,应转移到主句上去,完成反意疑问句时,应与从句主、谓保持一致.(注: 否定前移的条件是,主句主语是第一人称)I don't think you are right ,are you ?3)在表示建议suggest , advise要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose;决定decide; 命令order、command; 坚决主张insist;等动词后跟宾语从句,用 should)+v. 虚拟语气)eg.I suggested that you should)study hard.4)如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语,用it作形式宾语,把宾语从句后置eg.You may think it strange that he would live there.5)宾语从句that常可省略,但在以下情况下不能省略A.当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,可以省略第一个that,其他不能省略. eg.I believe that)you have done your best and that things will get bet?鄄ter.B.当it作形式宾语时eg.She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him.C.当宾语从句前置时eg.That our team will win,I believe.三、分类A 、作动词的宾语:eg.I heard the newsI 主语heard 谓语动词the news.名词作宾语I主语heard 谓语动词that he would come here later on.一个句子作宾语---宾语从句B 、作介词的宾语:eg.He said nothing about this plan .He主语said 谓语动词nothing 代词作动词的宾语about 介词the plan. 名词作介词的宾语四、带有宾语从句的复合句的构成:带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起.连接词有:that(可省略),what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how.五、注意:A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序.False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放在后面.Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句.Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.D False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.4.同位语从句(Appositive Clause):与先行词同位或等同的从句叫作同位语从句.其关联词多为that.5.定语从句 Attributive Clause):用作定语的从句叫定语从句.定语从句一般皆放在被它所修饰的名 代)词之后,这种名 代)词就叫作先行词 Antecedent).引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词(或称引导词、关系词等).关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等;关系副词在定语从句中用作状语.①引导定语从句的关联词有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why 和which. 在非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整个句子, 多用which.例句:The dog that/which was lost has been found. 失踪的狗已经找到了.)③as 可做引导词引导定语从句, 多和such, the same 连用. As 引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子, 既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头.例句:Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. 你描述的那一类人现在很少了.)④介词+which/whom/whose从句The driver is the man from whose room she had stolen the gold watch. 她就是从那个司机的房间偷了金表的.)⑤代/名+介词+which 从句He is needing a book, the name of which I don't know.( 他需要一本书,但是我不知道书名.)⑥同位语从句和定语从句The news that you told me was really exciting. 你告诉我的好个消息真的是很激动人心.)⑦难句:NO.1He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group. 他是被选为代表该团队的人中一员.)第二部分一、时态1·主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态.2·主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态.3·主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时.二、宾语从句的几类连接词:①从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.例句:I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.②连接代词连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.例句:Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗?③连接副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.例句:He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.三、动词的宾语从句大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.★部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句例句:I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.★动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有:make sure确保make up one’s mind下决心keep in mind牢记例句:Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.四、可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.例句:I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.例句:I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替例句:We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.五、介词的宾语从句用wh-类的介词宾语从句例句:We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.★用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句例句:I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.六、形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised例句:I am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.七、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别①if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.③whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.④在不定式前只能用whether.如:I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下.⑤避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.八、哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that1.当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;2.当宾语从句较长时;3.当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;4.当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;5.当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;6.当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;7.当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;8.当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;9.当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;10.当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;11.在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.九、宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.例句:I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.我认为他不会来我的舞会.★如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.例句:We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?十、宾语从句的时态和语序当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.当主句为过去时的时,细分为一下几种情况:①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生例句:I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前例句:He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后例句:The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.★如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化例句:The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.★当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首例句:Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.同位语从句用法比较"固定",把关键的几个词背下来 下面这个材料供参考):一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句.它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容.如:I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在这里.二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words消息),possibility等.如:I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了.三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that,whether,连接副词how,when,where等.( 注:if,which 不能引导同位语从句.)如:l have no idea When he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来.四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开. 如:The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了.五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别.1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容;而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况.如:The news that l have passed the exam is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的.同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容.)The news that he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的.定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息.)2、引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等.如:The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇.that在从句中不充当任何成份.)一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语.同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起.1) 非独立的同位语:常出现在被限定词前Bruce Lee (姓名) 李小龙Graf Schmidt (称号,浑名) 施密特伯爵Doktor Wang (职称,头衔) 王博士Uncel Liu (亲戚的称呼) 刘叔叔die Stadt Shanghai (类属名称) 上海市the Province Hebei (类属名称) 河北省das Jahr 2000 (类属名称) 2000 年three Kilo tomato (度量名称) 三公斤西红柿the University Bremen (专有名词) 不来梅大学。
初中英语从句的分类
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初中英语从句的分类从句是相对于主句而言的, 即它是从属于某一个主句, 而不能单独作一个句子。
在英语中主 要有三大从句,即:1. 名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句 )2. 定语从句3•状语从句(包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等 )。
1) 主语从句用作主语,如: That the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的是真实的。
2) 宾语从句用作宾语。
如: Do you know where he lives 3) 表语从句用作表语,如:My opinion is that you should not go alone. 4) 同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。
如: The fact that the earth is round is true. 句用于解释说明the fact )5)定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词。
如: The stude nt who an swered the questi on was Joh n. 6)状语从句相当于一个副词,如: When it rain s, I usually go to school by bus. (时间状语)If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 导的条件状语从句,其结构为:if +状语从句,“主将从现”,即主句是将来时,则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
He returned home to lear n his daughter had just bee n en gaged.他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。
(结果状语,结果状语只是仅限于 learn (得知),find (发现),see ,hear ,我的意见是你不应单独前往。
地球是圆的的事实是真实的。
(that 从回答问题的学生是 Joh n.天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学。
从句归纳 区分定语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句教案资料
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从句小结从句总述:从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。
由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,故而这4种从句又通称名词性从句。
1.主语从句(Subject Clause):用作主语的从句叫主语从句。
引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。
2.表语从句(Predicative Clause):用作表语的从句叫表语从句。
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样。
3.宾语从句(Object Clause):在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.4. 同位语从句(Appositive Clause):在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
其关联词多为that。
状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方位状语从句和时间状语从句等。
宾语从句学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:时态、语序、连接词。
一:时态和语序1·主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。
2·主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。
3·主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时。
语序:宾语从句只能用陈述句语序,坚决不能用疑问句语序。
二:连接词①从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.例句:He told that he would go to the college the next year他告诉我他下一年上大学.I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.②连接代词连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.例句:Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗?③连接副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.例句:He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.三:动词的宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.make sure确保make up one’s mind下决心keep in mind牢记例句:Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.四:可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.例句:I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.例句:I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.五:介词的宾语从句用wh-类的介词宾语从句例句:We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.六:形容词的宾语从句一般来说形容词不能带宾语,更不能带宾语从句。
英语八大从句类型总结
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英语八大从句类型总结主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。
句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。
今天我们就一起来看看英语八大从句类型总结吧!英语八大从句类型总结从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子。
在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子。
在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
主语从句用作主语,如::That the earth is round is true.地球为圆的是真实的。
宾语从句用作宾语。
如:Do you know where he lives?表语从句用作表语,如:XXX is that you should not go alone.我的意见是你不应单独前往。
同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。
如:The fact that the earth is round is true.地球是圆的的究竟是实在的。
(that从句用于解释申明the fact)定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词。
如:XXX XXX XXX.回覆下列问题的学生是XXX.状语从句相当于一个副词,如:When it rains,I usually go to school by bus.天下雨时,我通常坐大众汽车上学。
(工夫状语)If XXX,you will see him.假如他明天来,你就可以瞥见他。
(if引导的前提状语从句,其结构为:if +状语从句,+主句)。
要留意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”,即主句是未来时,则从句要用普通目前时表示未来。
从句归纳 区分定语从句宾语从句同位语从句
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从句小结从句总述:从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句与状语从句6类。
由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,故而这4种从句又通称名词性从句。
1、主语从句(Subject Clause):用作主语的从句叫主语从句。
引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。
2、表语从句(Predicative Clause):用作表语的从句叫表语从句。
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样。
3、宾语从句(Object Clause):在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句、宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句与形容词的宾语从句、4、同位语从句(Appositive Clause):在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
其关联词多为that。
状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方位状语从句与时间状语从句等。
宾语从句学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:时态、语序、连接词。
一:时态与语序1·主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。
2·主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。
3·主句用过去时,从句就是真理时,只用一般现在时。
语序:宾语从句只能用陈述句语序,坚决不能用疑问句语序。
二:连接词①从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether、that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if与whether引导表示“就是否”的宾语从句、例句:He told that he would go to the college the next year她告诉我她下一年上大学、I don’t know if there will be a bus any more、我不知道就是否还会有公交车、②连接代词连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等、连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述、例句:Do you know who has won Red Alert game?您知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏不?③连接副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等、例句:He didn’t tell me when we should meet again、她没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面、三:动词的宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger、我们都预料她们会赢,因为她们的队员更强壮、I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out、我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了、make sure确保make up one’s mind下决心keep in mind牢记例句:Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in、在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误、四:可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置、例句:I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day 、我认为每天多喝开水就是有必要的、I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together、我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾、②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to、例句:I hate it when they with their mouths full of food、我讨厌她们满嘴食物时说话、五:介词的宾语从句用wh-类的介词宾语从句例句:We are talking about whether we admit students into our club、我们正在讨论就是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部、I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company、对于我的新邻居我只知道她曾在一家公司上班,其她一无所知、六:形容词的宾语从句一般来说形容词不能带宾语,更不能带宾语从句。
英语三大从句知识总结
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英语三大从句主语从句用作主语,如::That the earth is round is true. 地球为圆的是真实的。
宾语从句用作宾语。
如:Do you know where he lives?表语从句用作表语,如:My opinion is that you should not go alone. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。
同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。
如:The fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的的事实是真实的。
(that从句用于解释说明the fact)定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词。
如:The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.状语从句相当于一个副词,如:When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学。
(时间状语)If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果他明天来,你就可以看见他。
(if 引导的条件状语从句,其结构为:if +状语从句,+主句)。
要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”,即主句是将来时,则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。
句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。
谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语。
如:I am a teacher. 其中,I 是主语,am是谓语,a teacher 是表语。
He likes playing football very mucy. 其中,he是主语,likes是谓语,playing football是宾语,very much是状语。
名词性从句名词性从句有四类:宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
英语中的从句种类
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英语中的从句种类在英语中,从句可以根据其引导词的不同进行分类。
主要的从句种类包括:名词性从句(Nominal Clauses):这些从句在句子中起到名词的作用,可以担任主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
它们包括:主语从句(Subject Clauses)宾语从句(Object Clauses)表语从句(Predicative Clauses)同位语从句(Appositive Clauses)定语性从句(Adjective Clauses):这些从句在句子中起到形容词的作用,用以修饰名词或代词。
它们包括:限定性定语从句(Restrictive Adjective Clauses)非限定性定语从句(Non-restrictive Adjective Clauses)状语性从句(Adverbial Clauses):这些从句在句子中起到副词的作用,用以修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。
它们包括:时间状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Time)地点状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Place)原因状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Reason)条件状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Condition)让步状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Concession)目的状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Purpose)结果状语从句(Adverbial Clauses of Result)特殊疑问词引导的从句:这些从句由特殊疑问词引导,用于对特定内容进行询问。
它们包括:由who, whom引导的表示人的名词性从句由what引导的表示事物或抽象概念的名词性从句由which引导的选择性名词性从句由whose引导的表示所属关系的名词性从句由where引导的表示地点的名词性从句由when引导的时间名词性从句由why引导的原因名词性从句由how引导的方式、方法名词性从句由whether引导的“是否”名词性从句。
三大从句的区分
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三大从句的区分首先三大从句是形容词性从句(即定语从句);副词性从句(即状语从句);和名词性从句(包括:主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句)修饰名词或代词的从句是定语从句He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man。
We are all looking forward to the day when 2008 Olympic Games begin in Beijing.修饰一个句子的从句是状语从句When he was walking in the street yesterday, he met with a friend of his。
在句中作主语的从句叫主语从句,That he came home late at night worried his parents.在句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句,I don't know why he came home late at night.在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句,It looks as if it is going to rain。
在句中作同位语的从句叫同位语从句I have no idea why he came home late at night。
定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词.关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which,who,whom, whose,as等;关系副词有when, where,why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如:The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中,who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词the man, “who"是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。
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精心整理从句小结从句总述:从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。
由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,故而这4种从句又通称名词性从句。
1.主语从句(SubjectClause):用作主语的从句叫主语从句。
引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。
2.表语从句(PredicativeClause):用作表语的从句叫表语从句。
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样。
:,而if 连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what,whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.例句:DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗?③连接副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.例句:Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.三:动词的宾语从句Weallexpectthattheywillwin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.makesure确保makeupone’smind下决心keepinmind牢记例句:Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.语而将用IamsureIwillpasstheexam.我确信我会通过考试.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.七:if,whether在宾语从句中的区别①if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,findout等之后,介词后一般不用if②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.③whether后可以加ornot,但是if不可以.④在不定式前只能用whether.如:Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能决定是否留下。
⑤避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.八:哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that①当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;②当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;九:宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess 等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.例句:Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.而不能说成Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty.我认为他不会来我的舞会..一、如:Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.我不知道你在这里。
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等,可展开来的抽象名词。
如:I’vecomefromMrwangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that,whether,连接副词how,when,where 等。
根据句意决定该用哪一个。
lhavenoideaWhenhewillbeback.我不知道他什么时候回来。
定语从句(AttributiveClause):用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般皆放在被它所修饰的名(代)词之后,这种名(代)词就叫作先行词(Antecedent)。
引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等;关系副词在定语从句中用作状语。
①引导定语从句的关联词有who,whom,whose,that,when,where,why和which.在非限制定语从句中,只可用which,who,whose,where,when.,如果指代前面整个句子,多用which.例句:Thedogthat/whichwaslosthasbeenfound.(失踪的狗已经找到了。
)Thosewhoareinfavoroftheproposalareexpectedtodiscussitindetailafterthemeeting.只能用(孩子③,也可放(那Languageisatoolbymeansofwhichpeoplecommunicateideaswitheachother.(语言就是人们用来和其他人交流的一种工具。
)例题:Waterdissolvesapartofnearlyeverything_______itcomesincontact.a.whereb.thatcwithwhichdassoonas⑤代/名+介词+which从句Heisneedingabook,thenameofwhichIdon'tknow.(他需要一本书,但是我不知道书名。
)Infactoriesandinourdailylife,therearemanywastematerials,allofwhichcanheturnedinto usefulthingsundercertaincondition.(在工厂里,在我们的日常生活中都有很多垃圾,其实这些垃圾在某种情况下是可以转变为有用的东西的。
)同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容;而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况。
如:Thenewsthatlhavepassedtheexamistrue.我通过了考试这一消息是真的。
(同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。
)Thenewsthathetoldmejustnowistrue.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。
(定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息。
)2、引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的that 是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。
如:,地点,条件,(有eetc3.条件状语从句:真实条件从句:if,unless,solongas,providedthat,supposingthat,onconditionthat,intheeventthat,inc asethatetcIwillnotgotoherpartyifshedoesn’tinviteme.Iwillnotgotoherpartyunlesssheinvitesme.4.原因状语从句:从属连词有because,as,since,for,now,that,inthat,seeingthat,consideringthat(鉴于,由于) Astheschoolregulationsarewrittenquiteclearly,thereisnothingmoretobeexplained.Consideringthatthesweaterwashardmade,itwasnotexpensive.Seeingthattheyareinexperienced,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.5.让步状语从句:1):evenif,though,eventhough,while(尽管)nomatterwhat/how/which,however,whatever,whichever,howeveretc.Hewillnotgiveupsmokingeventhoughthedoctoradviseshimto.Whatevertheconsequencemaybe,Iwillbeonyourside.Howeverhardshetriedtoexplain,nobodytrustedher.Ithasbeenthesameresult,whicheverwayyoudoit.2)由as引起的让步从句,语气较强烈,被强调的词须放在句首.Simpleasthequestionmayseem,itisnotatallcommoninnature.Coldasitis,thechildrenplayoutdoors.MuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreewithhim.Objectasyoumay,Iwillgoonwithmyplan.结构中似的",例如:他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的。
(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。
)Helooksasif(asthough)hehadbeenhitbylighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。
(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。
)Itlooksasiftheweathermaypickupverysoon.看来天气很快就会好起来。
(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。
)说明:asif/asthough也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语,例如:Hestaredatmeasifseeingmeforfirsttime.他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的。
Heclearedhisthroatasiftosaysomething.他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。
Thewavesdashedontherocksasifinanger.波涛冲击着岩石,好像很愤怒。
9.比较状语从句:1)as…as,notso/as…asthefilmwasnotsoexcitingasweexpected.这部电影没有我们期待的一样精彩Thehistoryofnursingisasoldasthehistoryofman. ShelikesthemalmostasmuchasPauldoes.2)比较级+than,somuch/alotmorethan Shelooksmuchyoungerthansheis. Theuniverseisalotmorecomplicatedthanyouthink.3)nomore…than,notmore…than,less…than JackisnotmorefrightenedthanMikeis.不像马克那么害怕TomisnomorerichthanBlack。