语言学测试题

Part two: The Speech of Language

1. If the two sounds are in complementary distribution, they are _____ of the same phoneme.

A. symbols

B. allophone

C. phones

D. signs

2. When a speech sounds changes and becomes more like another sound which follows or proceeds it, it is said to be _____.

A. nasalized

B. assimilated

C. aspirated

D. voiced

3. A minimal pair can be illustrated by _____.

A. sip/sheep

B. bread/breast

C. same /shame

D. breath/breathe

4. If two speech sounds are in constructive distribution, they_____.

represent two phonemes B. are allophones of the same phonetic features

have exactly the same phonetic features D. do not appear in the same environment

5. Minimal pair can be exemplified by_____.

A. moon/noon

B. food/foot

C. she/sheet

D. sea /see

Part I. Indicate the following statements true or false.

1. Of the two media of language, speech is more basic than writing.

2. The unlimited range of sounds which are meaningful in human communication and of interest to linguistic studies are the phonic medium of language.

3. Phonetics studies the phonic medium of a certain language.

4. Only highly trained phoneticians can produce the same speech sounds.

5. The vowel [e] can be described as front, semi-open and unrounded.

6. The long vowels are all tense vowels and the short vowels are all lax vowels.

7. Phonology aims to discover how speech sounds in all human languages form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.

Part two: The Speech of Language

8. Phoneticians found that a dark [l] often occurs all the end of a word after a

vowel or before a consonant and a clear [l] often occurs after a consonant.

9. In English , pill and bill are a minimal pair, and so are pill and till, pin and

ping.

10. The phoneme /p/ and /b/ can occur in the same environments and they distinguish meaning, therefore they’re in phonetic complementary distribution.

11. The sequential rules in English can apply to all the other languages. For example, the velar nasal [ng] never occurs in initial position in English nor in Chinese.

12. Nasalization is not a phonological feature in English, that is, it does not distinguish meaning.

Part II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word.

1. The natural or primary medium of human language is ______ for some

obvious reasons.

2. ____ and _____ are the two media by natural languages as vehicles for communication.

3. Phonetics looks at sounds from _____ distinct, but related point

of view.

4. Of the three branches of phonetics, the longest established and

until recently the most highly developed is ______.

5. ______ phoneticians try to describe the physical properties of

the stream of sounds which a speaker issues.

6. _____ is made up of continuous bursts of sounds.

7. The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in

three important cavities. They are _____ _____ ______.

8. The first point where sound modification may occur is _______.

9. Vowels may be distinguished as _____ _____ _______.

10. If, in making a vowel sound, the organs of speech remain in

one position without moving to another, the result is a _____. If

the organs of speech start in the position for one vowel and then

immediately glide to the position of another , the result is a

_________.

11. All English sound except [m], [n], [ng] are made with the palate ______.

12. IPA indicates ________ ________ and ________.

13. An initial classification will divide the speech sounds into two

broad categories: ______ and ________.

14. The basic unit in phonology is __________.

15. Conventionally, a phoneme is put in _____ while phones are put in _________.

16. An aspirated p ; an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are ________ of the P____________.

17. The allophones of the same phoneme are said to be in ______ distribution.

18. In English, there are two kinds of stress. They are _____ and ________.

19. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence

rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as ________.

20. English has 4 basic types of intonations , they are ______, _____ , _____ and _______.

Part III. Decide which one would be the best answer to the questions or best complete the sentence.

1.The principal sources of the modifications of the air stream is ______.

A. tongue

B. palate

C. teeth

D. velum

2. The pharynx refers to the space of cavity between the larynx and the end of the _______.

A. tongue

B. hard palate

C. soft palate

D. vocal cords

3. A sound produced when the vocal cords are drawn wide apart, letting air go through without causing vibration is said to be ________.

A. resonant

B. voiceless

C. voiced

D. vowel

4. The obstruction created between the tip of the tongue and the alveolar ridge results in the sound _______.